Targeting multiple T cell types using a spherical nucleic acid vaccine architecture

JP2024513051A5Pending Publication Date: 2025-04-07NORTHWESTERN UNIV
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Patent Information

Application Number
JP2023560625
Authority / Receiving Office
JP · JP
Patent Type
Applications
Current Assignee / Owner
Priority Date
2021-07-16
Filing Date
2022-03-30
Publication Date
2025-04-07

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing vaccines fail to effectively activate multiple immune cell types, such as CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, leading to inadequate immune responses against tumors with high genetic mutation burdens like melanoma, as they do not consider the structural influence on immune response generation.

Method used

Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are designed with defined positioning of MHC-I and MHC-II antigens, encapsulated or hybridized within a nanoparticle core, to simultaneously target both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, enhancing vaccine efficacy by presenting multiple epitopes in a specific structural arrangement.

Benefits of technology

The structured SNAs induce a 2-fold increase in CD8+ effector cells and 5-fold higher antigen-specific IFN-γ secretion, leading to enhanced tumor rejection and faster remission before immune evasion, as demonstrated in melanoma models.

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Abstract

The present disclosure generally relates to spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), which are nanostructures having a core surrounded by radial presentation of oligonucleotides that can target multiple classes of immune cells. Methods of making and using nanoparticles are also provided herein. In some aspects, the present disclosure provides spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), comprising: (a) a nanoparticle core; (b) a shell of oligonucleotides bound to the outer surface of the nanoparticle core, the shell of oligonucleotides comprising one or more immunostimulatory oligonucleotides; and (c) a first antigen that is a major histocompatibility complex type I (MHC-I) antigen and a second antigen that is a major histocompatibility complex type II (MHC-II) antigen.
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