Matrices including veneers and crowns for dental restorations - Patent application

Abstract

Dental matrices and crowns are disclosed for making dental veneers and crowns on teeth. The dental matrices are adapted to the specific tooth type (e.g., premolars, molars, canines, incisors, palatal teeth, lingual teeth) to be treated in a single procedure, and can provide a veneer on the tooth for an aesthetically pleasing appearance and then be resurfaced. The dental matrix for forming a crown on a tooth includes a body with expandable tabs, allowing the diameter of the opening to be expanded for removal of the matrix from the formed crown.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation-in-part of co-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17 / 659,179, entitled MATRICES INCLUDING CROWNS FOR DENTAL RESTORATION, filed April 14, 2022, which is a continuation-in-part of co-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17 / 646,681, entitled MATRICIES FOR DENTAL RESTORATION, filed December 31, 2021, which is a continuation-in-part of co-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17 / 173,216, entitled MATRICIES FOR DENTAL RESTORATION, filed February 11, 2021, which is a continuation-in-part of co-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17 / 173,216, entitled MATRICIES FOR DENTAL RESTORATION, filed December 28, 2017, which is now U.S. Patent No. 10,952,815. This application is a division of commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15 / 856,087, entitled "METHOD RESTORATION," the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present invention relates generally to instruments and methods for dental restorations, and more particularly, to instruments and methods for placing dental veneers on teeth. [Background technology]

[0003] Cosmetic dentistry generally relates to processes that enhance the aesthetics of dental crowns, which are the parts of teeth that are beyond the gum line and are covered with enamel. One example of such a process includes applying a veneer to a tooth, or applying a mold made from an impression of the tooth to the tooth, filling the mold with dental composite or acrylic to create the veneer, separating the mold from the tooth, and then transferring the veneer from the mold to the tooth. The veneer is placed on the tooth and then cured or otherwise hardened. The veneer is then integral with the tooth and can then be shaped or polished, for example, by techniques including tooth resurfacing. These aforementioned techniques require significant preparation, making them quite expensive and time-consuming, and usually cannot be performed in one dental visit. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Embodiments of the present invention provide a matrix adapted to the specific tooth type being treated in a single procedure (e.g., premolars, molars, canines, incisors, palatal teeth, lingual teeth), resulting in a veneer over the tooth that can then be resurfaced for an aesthetically pleasing appearance.

[0005] Embodiments of the present invention ensure that the procedure for placing a veneer on a tooth with the disclosed matrix is ​​a highly precise process, is extremely hygienic and clean, and results in a smooth veneer that is indistinguishable from the tooth it is restoring.

[0006] SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE The present invention relates to matrices for dental treatments. The matrix includes a planar member for covering the teeth, at least a portion of the planar member configured to cover the teeth such that a cavity is created between the planar member and the tooth, the portion of the planar member forming the cavity including at least one hole; first and second tab members disposed on either side of the planar member, each of the first and second tab members extending outwardly and being of a thickness for a friction fit between the covered tooth and each of the respective adjacent teeth to maintain the matrix in place; and at least a portion of each of the first and second tab members including a cut-out portion configured to seat the matrix against the gums and allow the matrix to move, e.g., pivot, around the gums to adjust the size of the cavity at a first end of the tab member, and at least a portion of each of the first and second tab members configured to bend inwardly, whereby the second end of the tab member forms a gripping portion that adjusts the size of the cavity when moved.

[0007] Optionally, the face member includes a face portion configured to cover the teeth along the buccal surface and a chewing surface cap extending from the face portion and configured to cover at least a chewing surface of the teeth, the chewing surface cap including at least one hole.

[0008] Optionally, each of the first and second tab members includes a tab including a cut-out portion, at least a portion of the tab, and a wing extending from the tab, the tab abutting the wing at a fold line, the wing of each tab member being bendable about the fold line to form a gripping member.

[0009] Optionally, the face portion includes oppositely disposed side edges, and the tabs of the first and second tab members extend from the respective oppositely disposed side edges.

[0010] Optionally, a chewing surface cap extends between oppositely disposed side edges at the first end of the facial portion.

[0011] Optionally, the facial portion includes a gingival margin between oppositely disposed side edges at a second end on either side of the first end, the gingival margin configured to contact the tooth slightly below the gum line.

[0012] Optionally, the gingival margin is configured to contact the tooth approximately about 1 mm below the gum line.

[0013] Optionally, at least the surface portion comprises a light-transmitting material.

[0014] Optionally, the optically transparent material allows for the transmission of ultraviolet (UV) light.Optionally, the planar member and the first and second tab members are arranged as a unitary member.

[0015] Optionally, the unitary member is of substantially uniform thickness and comprises a flexible material.

[0016] Optionally, the facial portion includes an outer buccal surface and an inner tooth surface, the inner tooth surface being textured to replicate tooth texture.

[0017] Optionally, the at least one hole comprises a plurality of holes.

[0018] Optionally, the cut-out portion is configured to contact the tooth approximately 1 mm below the gum line.

[0019] An embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for repairing a tooth, the method comprising: providing a matrix for dental treatment, placing the matrix over a tooth to form a cavity between the tooth and a surface member, bending first and second tab members inwardly to surround the tooth, placing a hardenable material in the cavity, and hardening the hardenable material to form a veneer on the tooth. The matrix comprises a surface member for covering the tooth, the surface member being configured for covering the tooth such that a cavity is created between the surface member and the tooth, at least a portion of the surface member being of a light-transmitting material and at least a portion of the surface material, the portion of the surface member forming the cavity including at least one hole, and first and second tab members disposed on either side of the surface member, each of the first and second tab members extending outwardly and having a thickness for a friction fit between the covered tooth and each of the respective adjacent teeth to maintain the matrix in place. and at least a portion of each of the first and second tab members including a cut-out portion configured to seat the matrix against the gums and allow the matrix to be moved, e.g., pivoted, about the gums to adjust the size of the cavity at the first end of the tab members, and at least a portion of each of the first and second tab members configured to bend inwardly whereby the second end of the tab member forms a gripping portion that adjusts the size of the cavity when moved.

[0020] Optionally, the planar member includes a gingival margin at an end opposite the end having the at least one hole, and the method includes placing the gingival margin in contact with the tooth below the gum line.

[0021] Optionally, the method additionally comprises removing the matrix from the tooth.

[0022] Optionally, curing is performed by applying light to the curable material.

[0023] Optionally, the curable material is an ultraviolet (UV) light curable material, and the light applied to the UV curable material comprises UV light.

[0024] Optionally, bending the first and second tab members inwardly includes bending a second end of each of the tab members outwardly to form a gripping portion for the matrix and moving the matrix at the gripping portion to adjust a size of the cavity.

[0025] Optionally, moving the matrix with the gripping portion to adjust the size of the cavity includes pivoting the matrix around the gums on either side of the tooth to adjust the size of the cavity and control the thickness of the veneer (produced by the method).

[0026] Optionally, disposing the hardenable material within the cavity includes injecting the hardenable material into the cavity.

[0027] Optionally, injecting the hardenable material into the cavity includes injecting under pressure to eliminate air bubbles and voids in the hardenable material.

[0028] Optionally, bending the first and second tab members inwardly to surround the teeth creates at least one of a palatal shell (wall) for upper teeth or a lingual shell (wall) for lower teeth to construct the missing tooth portion.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined herein, all technical and / or scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used to practice or test embodiments of the present invention, exemplary methods and / or materials are described below. In case of conflict, the patent specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are merely illustrative and are not necessarily intended to be limiting. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0030] Some embodiments of the present invention are herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. With specific reference to the detailed drawings, it is emphasized that the details shown are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative description of embodiments of the present invention and may not be to scale. In this regard, the description taken with the drawings will make apparent to those skilled in the art how embodiments of the present invention may be practiced.

[0031] Attention is now directed to the drawings, in which like reference numbers or letters indicate corresponding or similar elements, and in which:

[0032] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a matrix for use in making a veneer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 1B] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a matrix for use in making a veneer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 1C-1] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a matrix according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 1C-2] FIG. 1C-1 is a cross-sectional view of the matrix taken along line 1C-1C of FIG. 1C-1. [Figure 2A] FIG. 1C is a bottom view of the matrix of FIGS. 1A and 1B. [Figure 2B] FIG. 1C is a top view of the matrix of FIGS. 1A and 1B. [Diagram 3] 3 is a cross-sectional view of the matrix of FIGS. 1A and 1B taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2A. FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a tooth having a matrix placed over the tooth when creating a veneer on the tooth in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a tooth covered by a matrix when creating a veneer on the tooth according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6A] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a tooth covered with a matrix according to FIG. 5. [Figure 6B] 6B is a cross-sectional view of a tooth covered by a matrix taken along line 6B-6B of FIG. 5. [Figure 7] 6B is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 6A showing a veneer formation process according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] 6B is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 6A showing a veneer formation process according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] 1 illustrates a veneer formed on a tooth according to a veneer formation process according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10A] FIG. 13 is a bottom view of an alternative embodiment matrix according to the present invention. [Figure 10B] FIG. 10B is a perspective view of the alternative embodiment matrix of FIG. 10A over the teeth. [Figure 11] FIG. 13 is a bottom view of another alternative embodiment matrix according to the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of another alternative embodiment matrix according to the present invention covering teeth. [Figure 13A] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a matrix according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13B] FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view of the matrix of FIG. 13A taken along line 13-13. [Figure 14A] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a matrix according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 14B] FIG. 14B is a cross-sectional view of the matrix of FIG. 14A taken along line 14-14. [Figure 15] FIG. 13C shows the matrix of FIGS. 13A and 13B being moved into contact with a tooth. [Figure 16] FIG. 13C is a top view of the matrix of FIGS. 13A and 13B. [Figure 17A] FIG. 13C illustrates an exemplary manipulation of the matrices of FIGS. 13A and 13B. [Figure 17B] FIG. 13C illustrates an exemplary manipulation of the matrices of FIGS. 13A and 13B. [Figure 17C] FIG. 13C illustrates an exemplary manipulation of the matrices of FIGS. 13A and 13B. [Figure 18A] FIG. 18B is a rear view of the matrix of FIGS. 18A-8C. [Figure 18B] 18B is a cross-sectional view from inside the tab of the matrix (the internal cavity of the matrix body) taken along line 18B-18B of FIG. 18A. [Figure 18C] FIG. 2 is a side view of the matrix. [Figure 18D] FIG. 13 is a side view of the matrix and tabs of the matrix expanding as the matrix moves from a retracted (contracted) position to an expanded position. [Figure 19A] FIG. 18A-18D illustrates the matrix of FIGS. 18A-18D being used to form a crown on a tooth in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 19B] FIG. 18A-18D illustrates the matrix of FIGS. 18A-18D being used to form a crown on a tooth in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 19C] FIG. 18A-18D illustrates the matrix of FIGS. 18A-18D being used to form a crown on a tooth in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 19D] FIG. 18A-18D illustrates the matrix of FIGS. 18A-18D being used to form a crown on a tooth in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 19E] FIG. 18A-18D illustrates the matrix of FIGS. 18A-18D being used to form a crown on a tooth in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 19F] FIG. 18A-18D illustrates the matrix of FIGS. 18A-18D being used to form a crown on a tooth in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 19G] FIG. 18A-18D illustrates the matrix of FIGS. 18A-18D being used to form a crown on a tooth in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 20A] 18A-18D being used to form a crown on a tooth implant according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 20B] 18A-18D being used to form a crown on a tooth implant according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 20C]18A-18D being used to form a crown on a tooth implant according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 20D] 18A-18D being used to form a crown on a tooth implant according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 20E] 18A-18D being used to form a crown on a tooth implant according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 21A] FIG. 13 is a diagram of another embodiment of a matrix for use in making a crown for a tooth in a retracted position, shown from a rear perspective view. [Figure 21B] FIG. 20B is a diagram of an embodiment of the matrix of FIG. 20A shown from a front perspective view.

[0033] Detailed Description of the Drawings Throughout this document, references are made to directions and orientations such as inward, outward, top, bottom, front, rear, top, bottom, side, and derivatives thereof. References to these directions and orientations are exemplary for the purpose of describing and explaining the invention and its embodiments and are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0034] 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, and 3 show a matrix 10 for fitting over a tooth. The matrix 10 is a single piece for placing over, typically on, a tooth, for example, with the purpose that a flowable and hardenable material can be injected into the matrix 10 to create a veneer on the tooth. The matrix 10 is then placed on the tooth according to the desired thickness of the veneer. Once the injected material has hardened, the matrix 10 is removed from the tooth. Once the matrix 10 is removed from the tooth, the resulting veneer is now integral with the tooth. The tooth can then be subjected to other procedures, such as resurfacing, grinding, polishing, etc.

[0035] The matrix 10 includes a facial portion 12 that is of a contoured shape that matches the shape of the outer surface of the tooth. The facial portion 12 extends longitudinally between a gingival margin 14, which is designed to be flush with the tooth at the gum line, approximately 1 mm below the gum line, and a chewing margin 15, and laterally between lateral or proximal margins 16a, 16b. The gingival margin 14, the chewing margin 15, and the lateral margins 16a, 16b define the periphery of the facial portion 12. A chewing cap 17 extends along the chewing margin 15 between the lateral margins 17a, 17b. The lateral margins 17a, 17b are of the same height and are typically flush with the oppositely disposed tabs 18a, 18b. The tabs 18a, 18b extend from the lateral margins 16a, 16b of the facial portion 12.

[0036] The facial portion 12 includes an outer buccal surface 23, and an inner tooth surface 25. The inner tooth surface 25 may be shaped and textured, for example, in a non-uniform manner, to provide (e.g., replicate) the natural tooth-type texture it is designed to restore, and may also include circumferential striations and incisal nodes. The facial portion 12 may be contoured (e.g., curved) (FIGS. 1A and 1B) and may be slightly asymmetrical, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, for example, to accommodate the tooth shape for a left palatal incisor as shown in the drawings.

[0037] The gingival margin 14 is designed to be flush with the gum line. For example, the matrix 10 is designed to be inserted over the teeth so that the gingival margin 14 is located approximately 1 mm from the gum line.

[0038] The chewing cap 17 comprises a platform 17x and an inwardly curved lip 17y extending inwardly from the platform 17x. Sides 17a, 17b of the chewing cap 17 join to tabs 18a, 18b along side edges 16a, 16b and tab edges 18ax, 18bx. The chewing cap 17 includes a hole 28, for example at the platform 17x, through which the flowable material is injected. The hole 28 is circular in shape, but other shapes such as square, rectangular, oval, triangular, combinations thereof, etc. are suitable, provided they accommodate a syringe, needle, or other injection structure. Although a single central hole 28 is shown, multiple holes at multiple locations on the chewing cap 17 are acceptable.

[0039] Laterally disposed tabs 18a, 18b extend from respective side edges 16a, 16b of facial portion 12, a portion of which is typically attached to chewing surface cap 17 at each side 17a, 17b. Tabs 18a, 18b define proximal surfaces between adjacent teeth such that they create a frictional engagement in the space between the teeth to support matrix 10 when it is engaged to a required tooth.

[0040] Each of the tabs 18a, 18b includes a cutout portion 30a, 30b to receive and fit against the gums, allowing the matrix 10 to seat over the tooth. The cutout portions 30a, 30b are sized to seat under or over the gums, allowing the matrix 10 to pivot and move the matrix 10 forward and backward (when the tabs 18a, 18b are pushed or pulled to cause pivoting) to control the thickness of material inserted into the matrix 10 as desired by the practitioner, thereby controlling the thickness of the veneer on the tooth, as described in more detail below. The tabs 18a, 18b confine the composite material to the matrix 10 and prevent it from leaving the matrix 10 and entering the oral cavity and / or contacting other teeth, such as teeth adjacent to the tooth being treated. Tabs 18a, 18b are flexible, e.g., of a flexible material, so that they can be folded or otherwise bent inwardly during manipulation of matrix 10 (described in more detail below), to keep the flowable composite (e.g., and hardenable) material from exiting the matrix 10, as well as to prevent saliva, blood, and other bodily fluids from entering areas covered by matrix 10 (including, e.g., cavity 54), keeping the process clean. Additionally, the inwardly bent tabs 18a, 18b function as walls used to construct missing tooth portions (by filling with the flowable composite and, e.g., hardenable, material, as described in more detail below), by forming palatal shells or walls for upper teeth and lingual shells or walls for lower teeth.

[0041] Also extending from each respective tab 18a, 18b are wings 32a, 32b of flexible material, e.g., the same material as tabs 18a, 18b, and integral with each respective tab 18a, 18b, which are foldable or otherwise bendable from the tab at or about creases 33a, 33b (weakened portions that allow bending and / or folding). The folded wings 32a, 32b are typically folded about their respective creases 33a, 33b and aligned with one another (e.g., oriented perpendicular to the inwardly bent tabs 18a, 18b) to create a gripping portion 56 (FIGS. 6A and 6B) that the professional grasps with his or her fingers or an instrument and displaces the matrix 10 to adjust the cavity 54 (FIG. 4) (space) between the tooth and the facial portion 12 for the veneer.

[0042] While matrix 10 is a single piece shaped for a particular tooth, such as an incisor, matrix 10 and other matrices disclosed herein may be shaped and sized for all teeth, such as the left palatal (upper) incisor shown in FIGS. 4-9, or other teeth including both palatal and lingual (lower) premolars, molars, and canines. Matrix 10, at least facial portion 12, is made of a light-transmitting material, such as a translucent or transparent material, to allow the passage of light into matrix 10, through which light, such as ultraviolet (UV) light, for curing the previously injected flowable composite material, as described in more detail below. Translucent or transparent materials include thermoplastic materials, such as medical grade acrylic, polypropylene, polyethylene, ABS, nylon, siliconized rubber, and the like, which are biocompatible, inert, and non-toxic. Alternatively, chewing surface cap 17 and tabs 18a, 18b may also be made from medical grade nylon, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, or polypropylene.

[0043] All materials in matrix 10 are of generally uniform thickness, for example, about 0.025 mm to 0.5 mm. Matrix 10 is typically disposable, but may be intended for multiple use.

[0044] 1C-1 and 1C-2 show an alternative embodiment matrix 110 for making a veneer. The matrix 110 is similar to that of the matrix 10 detailed above, with elements numbered similarly, except for the tabs 18a', 18b' and respective wings 32a', 32b', and the intermediate folded or weakened portions 33a', 33b' are made of thin metal parts that are metal. The tab members 37 formed from the tabs 18a', 18b' and respective wings 32a', 32b' are metal parts, for example, as indicated by shading in FIGS. 1C-1 and 1C-2. The tabs 18a' and 18b' of the matrix 110 are each engaged to the face portion 12 by a clamp (e.g., extending outward from the respective adjacent face edges 16a, 16b). As a metal part, the tab members 37 may be further secured by adhesive, mechanical fasteners, thermal bonding, etc. The face portion 12 and, for example, the chewing cap 17 are still made of a light-transmitting material, for example, a translucent and / or transparent material, as with respect to the matrix 10, detailed above.

[0045] The tab members 37, as metal parts, are of a metal, such as stainless steel or other surgical grade steel or metal, e.g., in sheet form, that behaves in a spring-like manner, resilient. The tab members 37 on both sides of the matrix 110 are extremely thin, e.g., between approximately 0.03 mm and 0.025 mm. For example, this thickness in the metal of the tab members 37 is uniform or substantially uniform along the entire metal part. This thinness of the tab members 37, as metal parts, makes the matrix 110 advantageous when there are very small gaps between teeth or no gaps at all, allowing maneuverability of the matrix 110 within these extremely tight spaces.

[0046] Metal portion 27 may be, for example, one-piece or unitary, lacking any separate tabs 18a', 18b', wings 32a', 32b', and intermediate portions 33a', 33b'. Alternatively, only one metal portion need be present on one side of the matrix, for example, one metal tab / wing and one optically transparent material tab / wing, and only one or more of tabs 18a', 18b' or wings 32a', 32b' may be metal.

[0047] 4-9, the matrix 10 is shown in operation to create a veneer on the tooth 50. First, as shown in FIG. 4, the matrix 10 is placed over the tooth 50 (with the root 50a extending to the gums). This placement ensures that the facial portion 12 at the gingival margin 14 is in contact and flush with the tooth 50 just below the gum line 52, e.g., approximately 1 mm below, such that the cavity 54 is closed off from the rest of the mouth and the finish line of the veneer 66 (FIG. 9) is just below the gum line 52. Additionally, the tabs 18a, 18b occupy the space between the tooth 50 and each adjacent tooth, creating a frictional engagement to hold the matrix 10 in its proper position on the tooth 50. The cutout portions 30a, 30b allow the matrix 10 to pivot around the gums to be properly placed over the tooth 50. This allows adjustment of the thickness of the veneer 66 (FIG. 9) relative to the tooth 50 by pushing or pulling the tabs 18a, 18b to move the facial portion 12 of the matrix 10 relative to the tooth 50 (adjusting the size of the cavity 54 between the facial portion 12 and the tooth 50). The cavity 54 is of the desired thickness for the veneer 66 (FIG. 9) between the facial portion 12 and the tooth 50.

[0048] Cutout portions 30a, 30b are designed, for example, together with a portion of face portion 12, to contact tooth 50 with a proximal surface between tooth 50 and each adjacent tooth to close matrix 10 (and its cavity 54 as matrix 10 encases tooth 50). For example, cutout portions 30a, 30b are also designed to seat below gum line 52, approximately 1 mm below gum line 52 (when cutout portions 30a, 30b contact tooth 50).

[0049] In Fig. 5, when the tabs 18a, 18b are bent or folded inward, the tooth 50 is covered by the matrix 10, and the wings 32a, 32b are folded along the creases 33a, 33b to be at least approximately perpendicular to the respective tabs 18a, 18b, as shown in Figs. 6A and 6B, thereby forming a gripping portion 56. This gripping portion 56 is grasped by the professional with a fingertip or an instrument to manipulate and pivot the matrix 10 around the gums, so that the cavity 54 is adjusted to the desired thickness for the veneer. Optionally, the overlapping wings 32a, 32b can be secured together with an adhesive or by a mechanical fastener, or a combination thereof. The matrix 10 then encases the tooth 50.

[0050] Based on the cavity 54 setting (adjusted) between the facial portion 12 of the matrix 10 and the tooth 50, at the veneer setting thickness, a flowable and restorative material such as a UV light curable composite (material) 58 is injected by a syringe 60 into the cavity 54 through the hole 28 in the chewing surface cap 17, as shown in FIG. 7. The injection by the syringe 60 is under pressure (of the syringe plunger) and fills the cavity 54, which is a closed space, by means of eliminating air bubbles and voids in the injected composite material in the cavity 54. As a result of all air bubbles and voids being removed, oxygen cannot reach the dental composite and a non-oxygen inhibiting layer is formed in the cavity 54, allowing all layers of the composite to be fully cured, as will be described in more detail below. Because the cavity 54 is closed (i.e., when the edge of the matrix 10 contacts the tooth 50 so that the matrix 10 encases the tooth 50), there is no contamination of the composite material from blood, saliva, bodily fluids, other contaminants, etc. Infusion is complete when the composite material exits matrix 10 through holes 28 .

[0051] Exemplary composites include ESPE 6020A3 Filtek® Z250 Universal Restorative Refill from 3M, St. Paul, Minn., and Herculite™ Ultra Flow Nanohybrid Flowable Composite from Kerr. An exemplary syringe that may be used is a 1-4 g syringe.

[0052] In Figure 8, the syringe 60 has now been removed and the cavity 54 is filled with composite material 58. Curing of the composite material 58 by UV light from an apparatus 61 emitting UV light from a UV source 62 is applied to the matrix 10 at the facial portion 12. The UV light apparatus may be moved for localized curing at the tooth 50, the movement being represented by a double headed arrow 64. The translucency or transparency of the facial portion 12 allows the UV light to cure the composite material 58 to form a veneer 66 (Figure 9) on the tooth 50, which becomes integral with the tooth 50 upon curing.

[0053] Once the composite 58 has hardened, the matrix 10 is removed. The veneer 66 is now on the tooth 50, as shown in Figure 9. Optionally, the now-formed veneer 66, which is integral with the tooth 50, may be resurfaced or otherwise treated by a professional.

[0054] 10A and 10B show an alternative matrix 10' which is similar to that of the matrix 10 detailed above, and the elements are numbered similarly, except that the chewing cap 17 has two holes 128 in its platform 17x. Similar to the holes 28 of the matrix 10 detailed above, through these two holes 128, a flowable material can be injected into the cavity 54 between the facial portion and the tooth, for example to create a veneer, when the matrix 10' is covering the tooth, as shown in FIG.

[0055] 11 shows an alternative matrix 10″ which is similar to that of the matrix 10 detailed above, the elements being numbered similarly, except that the chewing cap 17 has, at its platform 17x, a hole 228 formed from double holes 228a, 228b which are, for example, semicircular in shape. Through these two holes 228a, 228b, a flowable material can be injected into the cavity 54 between the facial portion 12 and the tooth to create a veneer when the matrix 10″ is covering the tooth.

[0056] FIG. 12 shows an alternative matrix 10''' for covering a tooth. The matrix 10''' is similar to that of the matrix 10 detailed above, and the elements are numbered similarly, except that the chewing cap 17 has, in its platform 17x, a slot 328 replacing the hole 28. Through this slot 328, a flowable material can be injected into the cavity 54 between the facial portion 12 and the tooth to create a veneer when the matrix 10''' is covering the tooth.

[0057] 13A, 13B, and 15-17C show another dental matrix 400 that includes outwardly extending columns that are engaged by an instrument, allowing the dentist to move the instrument and manipulate the matrix into place on the surgical tooth to create a cavity for the veneer. The cavity is filled with a hardenable material that is hardened by light, such as an ultraviolet light, and once hardening is complete, the matrix is ​​removed from the tooth and the veneer is formed therein.

[0058] FIG. 13A shows matrix 400. Matrix 400 is operatively similar and made of the same or similar materials (including optically transparent materials) as matrices 10, 10', 10'', and 10'', with structures similar to those described above correspondingly numbered in the 400 series. Matrix (body) 400 includes a facial portion 472 (FIG. 15) that is of a contoured shape to conform to the shape of the outer (buccal) surface of tooth 499 (also referred to below as the "operative tooth" because the procedure disclosed using matrix 400 is performed on tooth 499), with chewing surface caps 474 at one (outer) end 472x of facial portion 472 (on either side of gingival-facing end 472y) to cover the chewing surface of the tooth. Flanges 476a, 476b extend from lateral edges 472a, 472b on either side of facial portion 472.

[0059] The matrix 400 comprises a column 480, also known as a stalk, extending from the buccal surface 423 of the facial portion 472 and represented by a dimension YY, which is, for example, about 1.5 mm. A channel or bore 482 extends through the column 480, having a hole or opening 484 (outer or end opening) at the outer end 480a of the column 480 and a hole or opening 486 at the inner end 480b of the column 480. The opening 486 communicates with and opens into a cavity 488 of the matrix 400 (cavity 488 formed by a recess in the facial portion 472 of the matrix 400), allowing material to be introduced into the channel 482 and through the opening 486 into the cavity 488 to fill the cavity 54 between the matrix 400 and the tooth 499 (FIG. 17C), as detailed above, and for the formation, shaping and hardening procedure of a veneer on the tooth with the matrix 400, as further detailed below.

[0060] As shown in FIG. 13B, the channel 482 tapers inwardly from an outer opening 484, represented by dimension XX1, to an inner opening 486, represented by dimension XX2 (wall 482a of channel 482). For example, dimension XX1 (e.g., approximately 1.0 mm) is greater than dimension XX2 (e.g., approximately 0.8 mm) to achieve the inward taper of the channel 482. This taper allows for receiving the tube 60x of the instrument 60 by frictional engagement of the tube 60x in the channel 482 of the column 480, as shown in FIG. 15 and described in more detail below. The channel 482 is typically of the same cross-sectional shape as the openings 484, 486, e.g., rounded, circular, or elliptical, and of a shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the tube 60x, for receiving and frictionally engaging the tube 60x. However, the channel 482 and openings 484, 486 may be of other suitable shapes, provided that the channel 482 and outer opening 484 are capable of receiving and engaging the tube 60x in a suitable manner. As shown in FIG. 15 and discussed below, the column 480 extends a sufficient length to support and engage the tube 60x.

[0061] The columns 480 are positioned on the buccal surface 423 of the facial portion 472. For example, the columns 480 are positioned (located) at or approximately at the buccal surface 423, which may be the volumetric or flow center of the matrix 400. In this volumetric center position, the material can evenly fill (and flow and spread evenly into) the cavity 54 between the matrix 400 and the tooth 499 (FIG. 17C). For example, by filling the cavity 54 evenly, the cavity 54 is tightly packed such that it is free or substantially free of air bubbles, air pockets, etc., providing maximum contact area of ​​material to the tooth 499. The resulting veneer (e.g., with material that has been cured by UV light as described above) will bond strongly to the tooth (e.g., maximum contact area of ​​veneer material due to maximum amount of material injected into the cavity between the matrix 400 and the tooth) and will be of maximum strength. Alternatively, the column 480 may be located at other locations on the surface portion 472, including, for example, at the center or substantially at the center, based on length / distance measurements, or the like.

[0062] The material of the face portions 472 and columns 480 is rigid such that they retain their original (initial) shape without bending inward or kinking, regardless of any pressure changes in the matrix 400 caused by the filling of the material into the cavities 54 via the columns 480.

[0063] Flanges 476a, 476b extending from lateral edges 472a, 472b (posteriorly relative to the buccal surface 423) of the facial portion 472 are shaped differently than, for example, the tabs 18a, 18b / wings 32a, 32b of matrices 10, 10', 10'', 10''', respectively, detailed above, but include similar structure, tab 503 (similar to tabs 18a, 18b) and wings 505 (similar to wings 32a, 32b), as shown, for example, in FIG. 16, detailed below. Tab 503 may include cut-out portions, for example, for maneuverability, similar to those 30a, 30b (or portions and / or segments thereof) of matrices 10, 10', 10'', 10''', respectively, as detailed above. The flanges 476a, 476b can be, for example, shorter than, the same length as, or longer than the tabs 18a, 18b / wings 32a, 32b of matrices 10, 10', 10'', 10''', detailed above, and only the tabs 503 need enter the interproximal space between adjacent teeth to hold the matrix 400 in place. The forces holding the matrix 400 in place and otherwise allowing the matrix 400 to be moved allow the matrix 400 to be manipulated to shape and size the veneer. Movement to manipulate (including manipulation) the matrix 400 on the tooth 499 can be by one or both of movement from the column 480 or by moving the flanges 476a, 476b. Frictional forces created by the flanges 476a, 476b between adjacent teeth also hold the matrix 400 in place during filling of the cavity 54 with material and during the curing process (e.g., UV light curing as detailed above), as detailed in FIG. 15 below. Similar to the tabs 18a, 18b / wings 32a, 32b of matrices 10, 10', 10'', 10''', one or both of the tabs 476a, 476b may be manipulated, pulled, wrapped, or otherwise adjusted, such as by one or both wings 505, to adjust the volume of the cavity 54 for material upon injection therein (including forming a portion of the tooth by using portions of the matrix 400 to form walls, the walls compensating for a chip in the tooth or a missing portion of the tooth).

[0064] 14A and 14B show matrix 400'. Matrix 400' is similar to matrix 400 and has similar elements numbered similarly to those of matrix 400 described herein and shown in the respective drawings (e.g., FIGS. 13A, 13B, and 15-17C). Matrix 400' differs from matrix 400 in that flanges 476a', 476b' on either side of matrix 400' are made of thin metal sections, similar to those described above for matrix 110.

[0065] The metal portion flanges 476a', 476b' are engaged to the face portion 472 (at the buccal or proximal edges 472a, 472b) by clamps. The metal portion flanges 476a', 476b' may be further secured by adhesives, mechanical fasteners, thermal bonding, etc. The face portion 472 remains made of a light-transmissive material, e.g., a translucent and / or transparent material, similar to matrix 400 (as well as matrix 10), as detailed above.

[0066] 15 shows an instrument, such as a syringe 60 having a tube or tube portion 60x (filled with a hardenable material from which a veneer is to be formed, as detailed above) that extends into a channel 482 of a cylinder 480 of a matrix 400. The instrument 60 allows the hardenable veneer-forming material to be injected from the instrument 60 through the tube 60x to fill the cavity 54 of the matrix 400, as detailed above. The tube 60x frictionally engages (e.g., snugly or frictionally snugly) with the channel 482 with sufficient frictional force to maintain the matrix 400 in a fixed position with the tube 60x. The frictional force is of sufficient strength such that the matrix 400 remains in a fixed position when moved (e.g., by one hand of a practitioner, such as a dentist or clinician) into contact with a tooth 499 and is then manipulated with the tooth 499 to establish the shape of the veneer.

[0067] Tubes 60x remain engaged with the matrix during injection of material from appliance 60 into cavity 54 between matrix 400 and the tooth, as detailed above, and may engage or be separated from matrix 400 to form the veneer during hardening of the material in cavity 54. Frictional forces on either side by flanges 476a, 476b, e.g., by tabs 503 in the interproximal space between tooth 499 and its adjacent tooth, provide sufficient force to maintain matrix 400 (e.g., in a snug manner) on tooth 499 to retain the shape and dimensions of the veneer during shaping and / or hardening of the material.

[0068] Once the procedure is complete, the matrix 400 is removed from the teeth 499. The matrix 400 may be removed with the attached appliances 60 or by itself (the appliances 60 having already been separated from the matrix 400).

[0069] 16 shows matrix 400 including flanges 476a, 476b, a separation 502 between buccal edges 472a, 472b and tab 503, and a separation 504 between tab 503 and wing 505, with separations, indentations, recesses, or other boundaries 502, 504 within each flange 476a, 476b. Separations 502, 504 may be, for example, weakened portions, allowing tab 503 (and wings 505) to bend and move about separation 502 and wings 505 to bend and move about separation 504 relative to tab 503. Flanges 476a, 476b are symmetrical, as is face portion 472, for example (along its longitudinal axis LA (perpendicular to the paper) shown in FIGS. 13A and 16). Flanges 476a, 476b are thin, having tab 503 of dimension PP, e.g., approximately 0.05 mm, and wings 505 of dimension QQ, e.g., approximately 0.15 mm (and, e.g., face portion 472 is of a thickness of approximately 0.2 mm). As a result of the thinness of flanges 476a, 476b, matrix 400 can be manipulated into position for filling and curing according to the exemplary process shown in Figures 17A-17C. Tab 503 and wings 505 are, e.g., both of substantially uniform thickness and uniformity.

[0070] For example, due to their thinness, the tabs 503 can be positioned at the proximal surfaces between the surgical tooth 499 and each of its adjacent teeth. The proximal surfaces serve as contacts to engage and maintain the matrix 400 on the surgical tooth 499, such that the matrix 400 remains engaged and held while it is manipulated on the tooth to define the shape of the veneer, e.g., typically remaining in this position on the tooth during the curing process until the matrix 400 is removed from the tooth 499 with the just-formed veneer.

[0071] In Figure 17A, matrix 400 is placed and held in place, substantially motionless or stationary, with an instrument 60, e.g., a syringe tube 60x, filled with a hardenable material for forming a veneer, as described in detail above. The instrument 60 with matrix 400 is moved in the direction of arrow 550, toward tooth 499. Manipulation and movement of the instrument is typically performed with one hand of the dentist, clinician, or operator.

[0072] 17B, ​​matrix 400 held by appliance 60 is underneath tooth 499. Matrix 400 can then be moved upward, vertically, or substantially vertically, according to arrow 552. The vertical movement allows flanges 476a, 476b, e.g., tabs 503, to engage matrix 400 at their proximal surfaces between the teeth (operative tooth 499 and each adjacent tooth).

[0073] FIG. 17C shows the matrix 400 in place at the surgical tooth 499 so that it can be manipulated to form a cavity (space) 54 for the veneer. With the cavity 54 defined (or otherwise set or established), a hardenable material for the veneer is injected into the cavity 54 between the matrix 400 and the tooth (i.e., surgical tooth 499). Once the cavity 54 is filled with the hardenable material, the material is hardened by light, such as, for example, a UV light, as detailed above and shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. Once filling of the matrix 400 is complete or once hardening is complete, the appliance 60 may be separated from the matrix 400 by moving the appliance 60 in the direction of arrow 554. The matrix 400 may be removed from the tooth once hardening is complete or at the discretion of the dentist.

[0074] Figures 18A-18D show matrix 600 for use in forming a dental prosthesis, such as, for example, a crown for a tooth. Figures 18A, 18B, and 18C show matrix 600 in a retracted position, such as when placed over a prepared area of ​​the tooth and gums, then filled with material and hardened, and an expanded position is shown in Figure 18D, where crown 655 is completed and matrix 600 is removed from the tooth (with newly formed crown 655 thereon).

[0075] Matrix 600 is of similar material to matrix 400 described above and shown in the respective figures (e.g., Figs. 13A, 13B, and 15-17C). Matrix 600 includes a body 602, also known as a matrix body or body portion. Body 602 includes a wall 603, which may be, for example, continuous and for purposes of illustration includes a first portion 603a at a first (closed) end 602a of matrix 600 / body 602 and a second portion 603b at a second (open) end 602b of body 602, and includes an opening 602b' to an interior cavity 602x of matrix 600 / body 602. Opening 602b' is in a neck region 602c of matrix 600 / body 602.

[0076] The hole 604 is, for example, at the first or closed end 602a of the body 602 and extends through the wall 603 to the internal cavity 602x. Through this hole 604, the internal cavity 602x of the body 602 of the matrix 600 is filled with a hardenable material for making a crown (FIGS. 19A-19G) according to a process that will be described in more detail below. The hole 604 is typically at the edge 602ax of the first or closed end of the body 602, but it can also be anywhere in the body 602.

[0077] When the matrix 600 is in the retracted position (FIGS. 18A-18C), it tapers inwardly from a first end 602a to a second end 602b, which terminates in an opening 602b' (in the internal cavity 602x) in a neck region 602c. The matrix 600 is placed over the prepared tooth with the opening 602b' (at the edge of the second or open end 602b) sized to fit over the prepared tooth, and the neck region 602c placed in contact with or adjacent to the gums, as shown in FIGS. 19A-19E and described below. The opening 602b' communicates with the internal cavity 602x of the matrix 600 / body 602. The opening 602b' remains large enough to fit over the prepared tooth / crown tooth when the matrix 600 is in both the retracted and extended positions.

[0078] The matrix 600 is shaped to correspond to the crown of the particular tooth type for which the crown is to be made. The matrix 600 shown is for a crown for an incisor, but this matrix 600 can be made for crowns for other tooth types and other prostheses. The matrix 600 is such that the walls 603 are of a thickness (e.g., about 0.05-0.07 mm) to fit into the adjacent space between the teeth to create frictional forces with the adjacent teeth (one of the teeth is the surgical tooth). The frictional forces provide sufficient force (e.g., in a snug manner) to hold the matrix 600 on the tooth (e.g., the crown) to retain its shape and dimensions during the process of making the crown 655, as detailed below, including injection and / or curing of the material (similar to the matrix 400 for veneers, as detailed above).

[0079] The matrix 600 includes a tab 606 formed with three folds 607, 608a, 608b, a main or intermediate fold 607 with a transverse fold 608a, 608b on either side of the intermediate fold 607. A flange 609a, 609b is between the intermediate fold 607 and each of the transverse folds 608a, 608b. For example, the main or intermediate fold 607 is the central fold (with respect to the flanges 609a, 609b) when the tab 606 is symmetrical. The tab 606 is, for example, triangular, allowing the body 602 (and cavity opening 620b') to expand outwardly to a diameter at least equal to, and typically larger than, that of the newly formed crown, so that it can be easily removed from the completed tooth with a new crown, as shown in FIG. 18D. Although a triangular shaped tab 606 is shown, other shapes, such as rectangular, rounded, or combinations thereof, are also suitable.

[0080] The tab 606 may be held in a closed or retracted position by the clinician (pinching the flanges 609a, 609b together around the central fold 607) while filling with material and hardening, and then either moved manually to the extended position or the pinch is simply released by the clinician and the tab 606 exhibits a spring-like behavior by making it resilient and moves (unfolds) to the extended position under its own force. Alternatively, the tab 606 may be held together in its retracted position by the flanges 609a, 609b being first glued (e.g., by dental or surgical adhesive, welding, or thermal bond attachment) or otherwise secured to one another. When expansion is desired, the clinician simply breaks the adhesive bond by separating the flanges 609a, 609b, forming together and manually expanding the body 602, or the body 602 is of a sufficiently resilient material that when the flanges 609a, 609b are separated, they expand under their own force to an expanded position, as shown in Figure 18D. Expansion can also be by a combination of manual force combined with the resiliency (e.g., spring-like behavior) of the material of the tabs 606.

[0081] 19A-19G show an exemplary process of using matrix 600 to form a crown on a tooth. FIGS. 19A-19E show matrix 600 in a retracted position with tabs 606 in the retracted position. FIG. 19F shows matrix 600 in an expanded position with tabs 606 in the expanded position, where a second portion of wall 603b at second or closed end 602b (shown as dashed line 603b', expanding outward from an initial inward position) has expanded (in the direction of arrow 618) to an expanded position (solid line at second portion 603b) to a diameter at least approximately equal to that of first wall portion 603a. FIG. 19G shows a completed crown 655 on a tooth with the matrix removed.

[0082] In Figures 19A and 19B, a tooth, here a prepared tooth 650 (shown with the gums 652 and its root 651 within the oral tissue), has been prepared for a crown, and a matrix 600 has been placed over a predetermined dental area, e.g., the prepared tooth 650, at the gums 652.

[0083] 19C, the neck region 602c is analyzed to determine if it needs to be cut to increase its diameter so that it will properly seat on the edge 651a of the root 651. As shown in FIG. 19C, the neck region 602c has been cut (in dashed lines) to seat on the edge 651a of the root 651 in the gums 652.

[0084] 19D, matrix 600 is placed in place over prepared tooth 650 and filled with hardenable material 653. A syringe needle 670 attached to a syringe 671 (similar to a syringe detailed above, e.g., syringe 60) filled with flowable and hardenable composite material 653 is inserted into the interior cavity 602x of matrix 600 and moved towards the gum 652. Filling with hardenable material 653 then begins as material (indicated by arrow 672) flows outwardly from needle 670, while syringe needle 670 is gradually moved outwardly and removed from opening 604.

[0085] In FIG. 19E, the matrix body 602 in the internal cavity 602x is filled with the curable composite material 653 through the holes 604 (e.g., through a syringe, as detailed above for matrix 10, 10', 10'', 10''', 400) until filling is complete. Once the matrix body 602 is filled, optionally the syringe can be removed. The curable material 653 filling the matrix body 602 in the internal cavity 602x can be cured in the same or similar manner, for example, by UV light curing, as shown for matrix 10, 10', 10'', 10''', 400 above.

[0086] In Figure 19F, the now hardened and prepared crown 655 is in the matrix 600. Optionally, if the syringe 671 (and needle 670) is still attached to the matrix 600, for example, it can now be removed. The tabs 606 are then released from being held together by the clinician or an instrument to deploy, and are manually deployed by the clinician using an instrument, or by a combination of automatic deployment and instrument assisted deployment. Deployment of the tabs 606 expands the diameter of the second end 602b of the matrix. The expansion involves the second end 602b moving outwardly from its initial retracted (contracted) position (wall portion 603b in its previous closed position, shown in dashed line 603b') at the second wall portion 603b and neck region 602c to an expanded position (wall portion 603b shown in solid line), where the diameter of the second end 602b and opening 602b' is, for example, at least approximately equal to the diameter of the first portion 603a of the first end 602a (e.g., along edge 602ax).

[0087] Matrix 600 is then removed from tooth 660 without disturbing the newly formed crown 655. Removal can be, for example, either by the clinician or by instrumentation; if a syringe is still attached to matrix 600, the syringe can be used in removing the matrix from tooth 650 (by pulling matrix 600 away from the tooth via column 604). The tooth with the replaced crown 655 is shown in FIG. 19G.

[0088] Figures 20A-20E show the matrix 600 in use with a tooth implant 673. The elements of the matrix 600 are in accordance with those described above.

[0089] As shown in FIG. 20A, the matrix 600 covers a given dental region, e.g., an abutment 674 of an implant (covered by a cap 675), and the matrix 600 seats on the gums 652. The abutment 674 is received on an implant stem 676 and secured to bone 677 below the gums 652. The implant stem 676 is threaded and, e.g., screws into the bone 677. The cap 675 frictionally fits over the abutment 674, e.g., when a friction ball 678 seats in a slot 675a ​​in the cap 675 between the abutment 674 and the cap 675. An undercut 675b extends from the cap 675 surface. This frictional attachment allows the cap 675 to be separated from the abutment 674, including, e.g., when a crown 679 is placed on the cap 675, as shown in FIG. 20E. The cap 675 is, for example, a plastic or polymeric material.

[0090] Additionally, the cap 675 may be attached to the abutment 674 via a corresponding threaded surface and a screw or screw-like attachment, allowing the crown 679 to be screwed onto and off of the abutment 674.

[0091] 20B, a hardenable material 653 for forming a crown is injected by a syringe 671 into the inner cavity 602x of the matrix 600 through the hole 604. The hardenable material 653 contacts the cap 675 and the undercut 675b for a firm bond with the implant 673.

[0092] In Figure 20C, curing of material 653, for example by UV light 62 as detailed above, is completed as shown in Figure 20D. Matrix 600 is then expanded from its retracted position as detailed above (i.e., Figures 18D and 19F) to leave crown 679 over implant 673, as shown in Figure 20E, removed from crown 679.

[0093] 21A and 21B show an alternative matrix 600' similar to matrix 600 detailed above, with the same or similar components having the same element numbers and the same descriptions as matrix 600 described above (and shown in FIGS. 18A-18D and 19A-19G). Matrix 600' differs from matrix 600 in that it comprises a column or stalk 680 extending from and communicating with holes 604 provided in the interior cavity 602x of matrix 600' through which hardenable material is passed to create a crown as detailed above for matrix 600. Column or stalk 680 is similar to column 480 detailed above for matrix 400, and thus may receive a syringe needle for manipulation and positioning of matrix 600' and for carrying out a material hardening process similar to that of matrix 600 detailed above. Although the columns 680 and their holes 604 (which are open to the internal cavity 602x) are shown at the first or closed end 602a of the matrix 600' / body 602, the columns 680 and holes 604 may be located anywhere in the matrix 600' / body 602, for example along the edge 602ax.

[0094] Although the matrices and methods for producing veneers and / or crowns on teeth have been illustrated for human teeth, the disclosed matrices and methods of use are also suitable for animal teeth. EXAMPLES

[0095] Example 1 1. A dental matrix comprising: a facial portion configured to correspond to a shape of a tooth, the facial portion including oppositely disposed edges and first and second sides; and a flange extending from each of the oppositely disposed edges from the first side of the facial portion, each of the flanges including a portion of a thickness for engaging a surgical tooth and along a proximal surface of the surgical tooth and an adjacent surface of an adjacent tooth, whereby the matrix is ​​engaged between the teeth with sufficient force to maintain the matrix in position around at least a portion of the surgical tooth.

[0096] Example 2 The dental matrix of Example 1, wherein each flange includes a tab and a wing, the tab communicating with oppositely disposed edges of the facial portion, the wings extending from the tab, and the tab including a portion of thickness for engaging the surgical tooth along adjacent surfaces of the surgical tooth and the adjacent tooth.

[0097] Example 3 The dental matrix of Example 1 or Example 2, wherein each flange includes a separator between the tab and the wing, allowing the flange to flex around the separator.

[0098] Example 4 A dental matrix according to any one of Examples 1 to 3, wherein for each of the flanges, the tabs are of a thickness less than the thickness of the wings.

[0099] Example 5 A dental matrix as described in any of Examples 1 to 4, further comprising a column extending from the facial portion on a second side of the facial portion, the column including a channel extending therethrough, the channel communicating with the area formed by the facial portion and the flange.

[0100] Example 6 A dental matrix as described in any of Examples 1 to 5, wherein the column comprises a cylindrical tube, the cylindrical tube comprising an inner wall configured to receive an instrument in frictional engagement, allowing the matrix to be manipulated by the instrument.

[0101] Example 7 A dental matrix as described in any of Examples 1 to 6, wherein the column comprises a cylindrical tube including first and second openings (holes) arranged opposite each other, the first opening including an end (e.g., external) opening and the second (e.g., internal) opening communicating with an area formed by the planar portion and the flange, a channel extending between the first and second openings, and the cylindrical tube including a tapered inner wall, the taper extending and increasing from the first opening to the second opening.

[0102] Example 8 The dental matrix of any of Examples 1-7, wherein the tapered inner wall is dimensioned to receive an instrument in engagement, allowing the matrix to be manipulated by the instrument.

[0103] Example 9 1. A dental matrix comprising: a facial portion configured to correspond to a shape of a tooth, the facial portion including oppositely disposed edges and first and second sides; flanges extending from each of the oppositely disposed edges from the first side of the facial portion, each of the flanges for engaging a surgical tooth and along a proximal surface of the surgical tooth and an adjacent surface of an adjacent tooth, whereby the matrix is ​​engaged between the teeth with sufficient force to maintain the matrix in position about at least a portion of the surgical tooth; and a column extending from the facial portion on the second side of the facial portion, the column including a channel extending therethrough, the channel communicating with an area formed by the facial portion and the flange.

[0104] Example 10 The dental matrix of Example 9, wherein each of the flanges includes a portion of thickness for engaging the surgical tooth along a proximal surface of the surgical tooth and a proximal surface of an adjacent tooth.

[0105] Example 11 A dental matrix as described in Example 9 or Example 10, wherein each flange includes a tab and a wing, the tab communicates with oppositely disposed edges of the facial portion, the wings extend from the tab, the tab includes a portion of a thickness for engaging the surgical tooth along adjacent surfaces of the surgical tooth and the adjacent tooth, and for each of the flanges, the tab is of a thickness less than the thickness of the wings.

[0106] Example 12 The dental matrix of any of Examples 9-11, wherein each flange includes a separator between the tab and the wing, allowing the flange to bend around the separator.

[0107] Example 13 A dental matrix as described in any of Examples 9 to 12, wherein the column comprises a cylindrical tube, the cylindrical tube comprising an inner wall configured to receive an instrument in engagement therewith, allowing the matrix to be manipulated by the instrument.

[0108] Example 14 A dental matrix as described in any of Examples 9 to 13, wherein the column comprises a cylindrical tube including first and second openings arranged opposite each other, the first opening including an end opening and the second opening communicating with an area formed by the planar portion and the flange, the channel extending between the first opening and the second opening, and the cylindrical tube including a tapered inner wall, the taper extending and increasing from the first opening to the second opening.

[0109] Example 15 The dental matrix of any of Examples 9-13, wherein the tapered inner wall is dimensioned to receive an instrument in engagement, allowing the matrix to be manipulated by the instrument.

[0110] Example 16 A method for creating a veneer on a tooth, the method including providing a dental matrix including a facial portion configured to correspond to a shape of the tooth, the facial portion including oppositely disposed edges and first and second sides, flanges extending from each of the oppositely disposed edges from the first side of the facial portion, each of the flanges including a tab portion of a thickness for engaging a surgical tooth and along a proximal surface of the surgical tooth and a proximal surface of an adjacent tooth, whereby the matrix is ​​engaged between the teeth with sufficient force to maintain the matrix in position about at least a portion of the surgical tooth, and a column extending from the facial portion at the second side of the facial portion, the column including a channel extending therethrough, the channel communicating with an area formed by the facial portion and the flange. The method then includes engaging an instrument, e.g., a syringe having a needle extending from the syringe body, with the column (e.g., the needle enters the column and frictionally engages the column to hold the matrix with the syringe), whereby the matrix is ​​moved and manipulated by the instrument, and moving the matrix with the instrument, whereby the matrix is ​​around the tooth and is manipulable by the instrument to create a cavity between the matrix and the tooth, corresponding to the veneer in which the cavity is to be created.

[0111] Example 17 The method of example 16, wherein moving the matrix with the instrument includes vertically moving the matrix into engagement with the tooth and each adjacent tooth, whereby a tab portion of the flange is positioned between the proximal surface of the operative tooth and the proximal surface of the adjacent tooth, whereby the matrix is ​​engaged between the teeth with sufficient force to maintain the matrix in position around at least a portion of the operative tooth.

[0112] Example 18 The method of example 16 or example 17, additionally comprising providing with an appliance a hardenable material to form a veneer in the cavity between the matrix and the tooth.

[0113] Example 19 The method of any of Examples 16-18, further comprising curing the hardenable material in the cavity with light to form a veneer.

[0114] Example 20 The method of any one of examples 16 to 19, wherein the light comprises ultraviolet light.

[0115] Example 21 A dental matrix comprising a body configured to correspond to a shape of a tooth, the body including a first end disposed opposite from a second end, the body including an internal cavity extending from the first end to the second end, the first end being closed and the second end including an opening for fitting over a predetermined dental area, an expandable portion at least proximate the second end including an outwardly extending expandable tab movable between a retracted position and an extended position, the expandable portion increasing in diameter at least proximate the opening when the tab moves from the retracted position to the extended position, and an aperture in the body opening to the internal cavity.

[0116] Example 22 The dental matrix of Example 21, wherein the tab comprises oppositely disposed flanges separated by a median fold.

[0117] Example 23 The dental matrix of Example 21 or Example 22, wherein the intermediate fold is central to the oppositely disposed flanges.

[0118] Example 24 The dental matrix of any one of Examples 21 to 23, wherein the tab opens about the intermediate fold when the body moves from the retracted position to the extended position.

[0119] Example 25 A dental matrix described in any one of Examples 21 to 24, wherein the first end is of a first diameter and the second end expands from a second diameter when the tab is in a retracted position to a diameter approximately the first diameter when the tab is moved to an extended position.

[0120] Example 26 The dental matrix of any one of Examples 21 to 25, wherein the holes are at a first end of the body.

[0121] Example 27 The dental matrix of any one of Examples 21-26, additionally comprising a cylinder extending from the body in communication with the hole.

[0122] Example 28 A dental matrix described in any one of Examples 21 to 27, wherein the cylinder includes a bore extending therethrough, the bore being configured to receive a portion of a syringe for filling the internal cavity of the body with a hardenable material.

[0123] Example 29 The dental matrix according to any one of Examples 21 to 28, wherein the shape of the tooth comprises the shape of a dental crown.

[0124] Example 30 A method for making a prosthetic dental structure, e.g., a dental crown, includes providing a matrix including a body configured to correspond to a shape of a tooth, including a first end disposed opposite from a second end. The body includes an internal cavity extending from the first end to the second end, the first end being closed and the second end including an opening for fitting over a predetermined dental area, an expandable portion at least proximate the second end including an outwardly extending expandable tab movable between a retracted position and an extended position, the expandable portion increasing in diameter at least proximate the opening when the tab moves from the retracted position to the extended position, and a hole in the body opening to the internal cavity. The matrix is ​​placed over the predetermined dental area in the mouth, a hardenable material is placed in the internal cavity of the matrix, the hardenable material is hardened, e.g., by ultraviolet (UV) light curing, and the body is moved by moving the tab from the retracted position to the extended position.

[0125] Example 31 31. The method of example 30, wherein the body is moved such that the diameter of the second end is approximately equal to the diameter of the first end.

[0126] Example 32 The method of example 30 or example 31, additionally comprising removing the matrix from the prosthetic dental structure.

[0127] Example 33 The method of any one of Examples 30 to 32, wherein the prosthetic dental structure comprises a crown.

[0128] Example 34 The method of any one of Examples 30 to 33, wherein the predetermined dental area includes at least one of a prepared tooth, a prepared tooth portion, gums, or a dental tooth implant.

[0129] Example 35 A matrix for dental treatment, comprising: a surface member for covering a tooth, the surface member including a surface portion configured to cover the tooth along a buccal surface of the tooth and a cap for covering at least a portion of a chewing surface of the tooth, extending toward a lingual surface of the tooth, the surface member configured in a shape corresponding to the shape of the tooth, extending from a first end for placement at least adjacent the gum to a second end for placement beyond the chewing surface of the tooth, whereby a cavity is created between the surface member and the tooth, at least one hole being in the surface member; and first and second tab members of a metal material disposed on either side of the surface member, each of the first and second tab members extending outwardly from the surface member and adapted to contact the covered tooth and the respective tab members to maintain the matrix in place. and a first and second tab member having a thickness to fit between each of the adjacent teeth, the first and second tab members including a first edge for placement at least adjacent the gingiva, a second edge disposed opposite from the first edge, and a cut-out portion along the first edge, the cut-out portion configured to seat the matrix at least adjacent the gingiva and allow the matrix to move by pivoting about the gingiva to adjust a size of the cavity, and each of the first and second tab members configured to bend inwardly to form a gripping portion that adjusts the size of the cavity when moved.

[0130] Example 36 36. The matrix of example embodiment 35, wherein the metallic material comprises steel.

[0131] Example 37. The matrix of example 35 or example 36, wherein the cap comprises at least one hole.

[0132] Example 38 The matrix of any one of Examples 35 to 37, wherein each of the tab members is a unitary member.

[0133] Example 39 A matrix described in any one of Examples 35 to 38, wherein the planar portion includes oppositely disposed side edges, and the first tab member and the second tab member each extend from the oppositely disposed side edges.

[0134] Example 40 A matrix described in any of Examples 35 to 39, wherein the surface portion includes a gingival margin between oppositely arranged side edges at a first end of the surface portion, and the gingival margin is configured to contact the tooth slightly below the gums.

[0135] Example 41 A matrix described in any one of Examples 35 to 240, wherein the gingival margin is configured to contact the teeth approximately 1 mm below the gums.

[0136] Example 42 The matrix according to any one of Examples 35 to 41, wherein at least the planar portion contains a light-transmitting material.

[0137] Example 43 The matrix of any one of Examples 35 to 42, wherein the light-transmitting material allows for the transmission of ultraviolet (UV) light.

[0138] Example 44 The matrix of any one of Examples 35 to 43, wherein the monolithic member is of substantially uniform thickness.

[0139] Example 45 A matrix as described in Examples 35 to 44, wherein the facial portion includes an outer buccal surface and an inner tooth surface, the inner tooth surface being textured to replicate tooth texture.

[0140] Example 46 The matrix of any one of Examples 35 to 45, wherein the at least one pore comprises a plurality of pores.

[0141] Example 47 The matrix of any one of Examples 35 to 46, wherein the cut-out portion is configured to contact the tooth approximately 1 mm below the gum line.

[0142] Example 48 The matrix according to any one of Examples 35 to 47, wherein the cutout portion includes a rounded portion.

[0143] Example 49 A matrix described in any of Examples 35 to 48, wherein each of the first and second tab members includes a tab including a cut-out portion, at least a portion of the tab, and a wing extending from the tab, wherein the tab contacts the wing at a fold line, and wherein the wing of each tab member is bendable about the fold line to form a gripping portion.

[0144] Example 50 A matrix described in any one of Examples 35 to 49, wherein the planar portion includes oppositely disposed side edges and the tabs of the first and second tab members extend from the respective oppositely disposed side edges.

[0145] Example 51 The matrix of any one of Examples 35 to 50, wherein the cap extends between the oppositely disposed side surfaces of the planar portion.

[0146] Example 52 1. A matrix for dental treatment comprising: a surface member for covering a tooth, at least a portion of the surface member configured for covering the tooth such that a cavity is created between the surface member and the tooth, the portion of the surface member forming the cavity including at least one hole; and first and second tab members of a metal material disposed on either side of the surface member, each of the first and second tab members extending outwardly and being of a thickness for a friction fit between the covered tooth and each of the respective adjacent teeth to maintain the matrix in place, at least a portion of each of the first and second tab members including a cut-out portion configured to seat the matrix at the gums to adjust the size of the cavity at a first end of the tab member, and each of the first and second tab members configured to bend inwardly, whereby each second end of the tab members forms a gripping portion and adjusts the size of the cavity when moved.

[0147] Example 53 The matrix of Example 52, wherein the planar member includes a planar portion configured to cover the teeth along the buccal surface and a chewing surface cap extending from the planar portion and configured to cover at least the chewing surface of the teeth, the chewing surface cap including at least one hole.

[0148] Example 54 The matrix of example 52 or example 53, wherein the metallic material comprises steel.

[0149] Example 55 The matrix of any one of Examples 52 to 54, wherein each of the tab members is a one-piece member.

[0150] Example 56 A matrix described in any of Examples 52 to 55, wherein the planar portion includes oppositely disposed side edges, and the first tab member and the second tab member each extend from the oppositely disposed side edges.

[0151] Example 57 A matrix described in any of Examples 52 to 56, wherein each of the first and second tab members includes a tab including a cut-out portion, at least a portion of the tab, and a wing extending from the tab, wherein the tab contacts the wing at a fold line, and the wing of each tab member is bendable about the fold line to form a gripping portion.

[0152] Example 58 1) a planar member for covering the tooth, at least a portion of the planar member of an optically transparent material and at least a portion of the planar material configured for covering the tooth such that a cavity is created between the planar member and the tooth, the portion of the planar member forming the cavity including at least one hole; and first and second tab members disposed on either side of the planar member, each of the first and second tab members of a metallic material extending outwardly and of a thickness for a friction fit between the covered tooth and each of the respective adjacent teeth to maintain a matrix in place, and at least a portion of each of the first and second tab members seating the matrix at the gums. and first and second tab members, each of the first and second tab members configured to bend inwardly whereby each second end of the tab members forms a gripping portion and adjusts a size of the cavity when moved, said matrix for dental treatment comprising: 2) placing the matrix over the tooth to form a cavity between the tooth and the planar member; 3) bending the first and second tab members inwardly to surround the tooth; 4) placing a hardenable material in the cavity; and 5) hardening the hardenable material to form a veneer on the tooth.

[0153] Example 59 The method of Example 58, wherein the planar member includes a gingival margin on both ends of the end having at least one hole, and the method additionally includes positioning the gingival margin in contact with the tooth below the gum line.

[0154] Example 60 The method of example 58 or example 59, additionally comprising removing the matrix from the tooth.

[0155] Example 61 The method according to any of Examples 58 to 60, wherein curing is performed by applying light to the curable material.

[0156] Example 62 The method of any of Examples 58 to 61, wherein the curable material is an ultraviolet (UV) light curable material, and the light applied to the UV curable material comprises UV light.

[0157] Example 63 The method of any of Examples 58 to 62, wherein bending the first and second tab members inwardly includes bending a second end of each of the tab members outwardly to form a gripping portion for the matrix, and moving the matrix at the gripping portion to adjust the size of the cavity and control the thickness of the veneer.

[0158] Example 64 The method described in Examples 58 to 63, wherein moving the matrix with the gripping portion to adjust the size of the cavity includes pivoting the matrix around the gums on both sides of the tooth to adjust the size of the cavity.

[0159] Example 65 The method of any of Examples 58 to 64, wherein disposing the hardenable material in the cavity comprises injecting the hardenable material into the cavity.

[0160] Example 66 The method of any of examples 58 to 65, wherein injecting the hardenable material into the cavity includes injecting under pressure to eliminate air bubbles and voids within the hardenable material.

[0161] Example 67 The method of any of Examples 58 to 66, wherein bending the first and second tab members inwardly to surround the teeth creates at least one of a palatal shell for the upper teeth or a lingual shell for the lower teeth to construct the missing tooth portion.

[0162] Example 68 The method of any one of examples 58 to 67, wherein the metal material comprises steel.

[0163] Example 69 The method of any one of Examples 58 to 68, wherein each of the tab members is a one-piece member.

[0164] It will be understood that the above description is intended to serve as an example only, and that many other embodiments are possible within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A dental matrix comprising: a facial portion configured to correspond to a tooth shape, the facial portion including oppositely disposed edges and first and second side surfaces; a flange extending from each of the oppositely disposed edges from the first side of the facial portion, each flange for engaging a surgical tooth along a proximal surface of the surgical tooth and a proximal surface of an adjacent tooth, whereby the matrix is ​​engaged between the teeth with sufficient force to maintain the matrix in position about at least a portion of the surgical tooth; and A dental matrix comprising a column extending from the facial portion at the second side of the facial portion, the column including a channel extending therethrough, the channel communicating with an area formed by the facial portion and the flange.

2. 2. The dental matrix of claim 1, wherein each flange includes a tab and a wing, the tab communicating with the oppositely disposed edges of the facial portion, the wings extending from the tab, the tab including a portion of a thickness for engaging the surgical tooth along the proximal surfaces of the surgical tooth and the adjacent teeth, and wherein for each of the flanges, the tab is of a thickness less than the thickness of the wing.

3. 3. The dental matrix of claim 1, wherein the column comprises a cylindrical tube, the cylindrical tube comprising an inner wall configured to receive an instrument in a frictional engagement, allowing the matrix to be manipulated by the instrument.

4. 2. The dental matrix of claim 1, wherein the columns are arranged to extend from a location on the face portion that is substantially the center of volume where material flows into the area formed by the face portion and the flange.

5. 1. A method for creating a veneer on a tooth, comprising:

1. A dental matrix comprising: a facial portion configured to correspond to a tooth shape, the facial portion including oppositely disposed edges and first and second side surfaces; a flange extending from each of the oppositely disposed edges from the first side of the facial portion, each flange including a tab portion of a thickness for engaging a surgical tooth and along a proximal surface of the surgical tooth and a proximal surface of an adjacent tooth, whereby the matrix is ​​engaged between the teeth with sufficient force to maintain the matrix in position around at least a portion of the surgical tooth; and providing the dental matrix, the dental matrix including: a column extending from the facial portion at the second side of the facial portion, the column including a channel extending therethrough, the channel communicating with an area formed by the facial portion and the flange; engaging the column with an instrument, whereby the matrix is ​​moved and manipulated by the instrument; and moving the matrix with the appliance, whereby the matrix is ​​around the tooth and is manipulable by the appliance to create a cavity between the matrix and the tooth, the cavity corresponding to a veneer to be created.

6. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein moving the matrix with the instrument includes vertically moving the matrix into engagement with the tooth and each adjacent tooth, whereby tab portions of the flanges are positioned between the proximal surfaces of the operative tooth and adjacent teeth, whereby the matrix is ​​engaged between the teeth with sufficient force to maintain the matrix in position around at least a portion of the operative tooth.

7. providing with the appliance a hardenable material to form the veneer within the cavity between the matrix and the tooth; 7. The method of claim 5 or 6, additionally comprising curing the hardenable material in the cavity with ultraviolet light to form the veneer.

8. 1. A dental matrix comprising: a body configured to correspond to a tooth shape, the body including a first end disposed opposite from a second end, the body comprising: an interior cavity extending from the first end to the second end, the first end being closed and the second end including an opening for fitting over a predetermined dental area; an expandable portion at least proximate the second end including an outwardly projecting tab extending perpendicularly along the body from the second end, the tab including oppositely disposed overlapping folded flanges joined along a fold line, the tab being movable between a retracted position and an extended position by separating the overlapping folded flanges about the fold line, the expandable portion increasing in diameter at least proximate the opening as the tab moves from the retracted position to the extended position; and A dental matrix comprising holes in said body that open to said interior cavity.

9. 9. The dental matrix of claim 8, wherein the overlapping folded flanges are separated by a fold line and the tabs open about the fold line when the tabs move from the retracted position to the extended position.

10. 10. The dental matrix of claim 8 or 9, wherein the first end is of a first diameter and the second end expands from a second diameter when the tab is in the retracted position to a diameter of approximately the first diameter when the tab is moved to the extended position.

11. 9. The dental matrix of claim 8, wherein the hole is at the first end of the body and / or the dental matrix additionally comprises a cylinder extending from the body in communication with the hole.

12. The dental matrix of claim 8 , wherein the tooth shape comprises the shape of the crown of the tooth.

13. 1. A method for making a prosthetic dental structure, comprising: A matrix, a body configured to correspond to a tooth shape, the body including a first end disposed opposite from a second end, the body comprising: an interior cavity extending from the first end to the second end, the first end being closed and the second end including an opening for fitting over a predetermined dental area; an expandable portion at least proximate the second end including an outwardly projecting tab extending perpendicularly along the body from the second end, the tab including oppositely disposed overlapping folded flanges joined along a fold line, the tab being movable between a retracted position and an extended position by separating the overlapping folded flanges about the fold line, the expandable portion increasing in diameter at least proximate the opening as the tab moves from the retracted position to the extended position; and providing the matrix comprising a body with holes in the body that are open to the interior cavity; placing the matrix over a predetermined dental area; disposing a hardenable material within the interior cavity of the matrix; curing the curable material; and and moving the body by moving the tab from the retracted position to the extended position.

14. The method described in claim 13, wherein, prior to removing the matrix from the prosthetic dental structure, the body is moved so that the diameter of the second end is approximately equal to the diameter of the first end.

15. 15. The method of claim 13 or 14, wherein the prosthetic dental structure comprises a crown and the predetermined dental area comprises at least one of a prepared tooth, a prepared tooth portion, a gum, or a dental tooth implant.

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