A clubhead with balanced impact and swing performance.

Abstract

A club head is needed that possesses improved impact performance characteristics that are balanced with the improved swing characteristics. [Solution] This disclosure provides an embodiment of a golf club head that balances the parameters of a low directional center of gravity, a high moment of inertia, and low air resistance. A method for manufacturing an embodiment of a golf club head that balances the center of gravity, moment of inertia, and air resistance is also disclosed.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Cross-references to related applications This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 469,911 filed on 10 March 2017, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 449,403 filed on 23 January 2017, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 423,878 filed on 18 November 2016, and also claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 15 / 680,404 filed on 18 August 2017. All of these are incorporated in their entirety.

[0002] This disclosure relates to a golf club. More specifically, this disclosure relates to a club head having balanced impact and swing performance. [Background technology]

[0003] Various golf club head design parameters, such as volume, center of gravity, and moment of inertia, affect impact performance characteristics (e.g., spin, launch angle, velocity, forgiveness) and swing performance characteristics (e.g., air resistance, ability to square the club head at impact). Often, club head designs that improve impact performance characteristics may negatively affect swing performance characteristics (e.g., air resistance), or vice versa. Therefore, in this art, there is a need for club heads that have improved impact performance characteristics that are balanced with improved swing characteristics. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0004] [Figure 1] This is a front view of a golf club head according to one embodiment.

[0005] [Figure 2] Figure 1 is a side cross-sectional view of the golf club head along the line II-II.

[0006] [Figure 3] It is a bottom view of the golf club head of FIG. 1.

[0007] [Figure 4] It is a side sectional view of the golf club head of FIG. 1.

[0008] [Figure 5] It is an enlarged side sectional view of the golf club head of FIG. 1.

[0009] [Figure 6] It is an enlarged side sectional view of the golf club head of FIG. 1.

[0010] [Figure 7] It is a plan view of the golf club head of FIG. 1.

[0011] [Figure 8] It is a rear view of the golf club head of FIG. 1.

[0012] [Figure 9] It is a side sectional view of the golf club head of FIG. 1.

[0013] [Figure 10A] It shows the relationship between the resistance force and the moment of inertia about the x-axis for various known golf club heads.

[0014] ]> [Figure 10B] It shows the relationship between the resistance force and the moment of inertia about the y-axis for various known golf club heads.

[0015] [Figure 10C] It shows the relationship between the resistance force and the combined moment of inertia for various known golf club heads.

[0016] [Figure 11A]This specification shows the relationship between the drag force and the combined moment of inertia of the golf club heads described herein, compared to known golf club heads.

[0017] [Figure 11B] This figure shows the relationship between the drag force and the combined moment of inertia of the golf club heads described herein, compared to known golf club heads.

[0018] [Figure 11C] This specification shows the relationship between the drag force and the combined moment of inertia of the golf club heads described herein, compared to known golf club heads.

[0019] [Figure 12] This shows the relationship between drag force and clubhead center of gravity depth for various known golf club heads.

[0020] [Figure 13A] This document shows the relationship between the resistance of the golf club heads described herein and the depth of the club head's center of gravity, compared to known golf club heads.

[0021] [Figure 13B] This document shows the relationship between the resistance of the golf club heads described herein and the depth of the club head's center of gravity, compared to known golf club heads.

[0022] [Figure 13C] This document shows the relationship between the resistance of the golf club heads described herein and the depth of the club head's center of gravity, compared to known golf club heads.

[0023] [Figure 14] This specification shows the relationship between the combined moment of inertia and the depth of the club head's center of gravity for the golf club heads described herein, compared to known golf club heads.

[0024] [Figure 15]Front view of a golf club head according to another embodiment.

[0025] [Figure 16] Side sectional view taken along line II-II of the golf club head of FIG. 15.

[0026] [Figure 17] Bottom view of the golf club head of FIG. 15.

[0027] [Figure 18] Side sectional view of the golf club head of FIG. 15.

[0028] [Figure 19] Enlarged side sectional view of the golf club head of FIG. 15.

[0029] [Figure 20] Enlarged side sectional view of the golf club head of FIG. 15.

[0030] [Figure 21] Top view of the golf club head of FIG. 15.

[0031] [Figure 22] Rear view of the golf club head of FIG. 15.

[0032] [Figure 23A] Shows the relationship between the resistance force and the moment of inertia about the x-axis for various known golf club heads.

[0033] [Figure 23B] Shows the relationship between the resistance force and the moment of inertia about the y-axis for various known golf club heads.

[0034] [Figure 23C] Shows the relationship between the resistance force and the combined moment of inertia for various known golf club heads.

[0035] [Figure 24A] This specification shows the relationship between the drag force and the combined moment of inertia of the golf club heads described herein, compared to known golf club heads.

[0036] [Figure 24B] This specification shows the relationship between the drag force and the combined moment of inertia of the golf club heads described herein, compared to known golf club heads.

[0037] [Figure 25] This shows the relationship between drag force and clubhead center of gravity depth for various known golf club heads.

[0038] [Figure 26A] This figure shows the relationship between the drag force and the club head center of gravity depth of the golf club heads described herein, compared to known golf club heads.

[0039] [Figure 26B] This figure shows the relationship between the drag force and the club head center of gravity depth of the golf club heads described herein, compared to known golf club heads.

[0040] [Figure 27] This figure shows the relationship between the combined moment of inertia and the depth of the club head's center of gravity for the golf club heads described herein, compared to known golf club heads.

[0041] Other aspects of this disclosure will become apparent from the detailed description and accompanying drawings.

[0042] For simplicity and clarity, the drawings illustrate general construction methods, and descriptions and details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring this disclosure. Furthermore, elements in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to a consistent scale. For example, some dimensions of elements in the drawings may be exaggerated relative to others to help improve understanding of embodiments of this disclosure. The same reference numeral in different drawings indicates the same element. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0043] The golf clubs described below utilize several relationships that increase or maximize the moment of inertia of the clubhead at a low, rearward CG position while simultaneously maintaining or reducing air resistance. Specifically, the golf clubs described herein have a low, rearward CG as specified. The golf clubs further have high crown-sole moment of inertia (Ixx) and heel-toe moment of inertia (Iyy). A low, rearward CG and increased moment of inertia are achieved by increasing the discretionary weight of the golf clubhead at the maximum distance from the head CG or by repositioning the discretionary weight area. Thinning the crown or using optimized materials increases the discretionary weighting. Using removable weights, a steep crown angle, or embedded weights allows the discretionary weight to be removed and placed at the maximum distance from the CG.

[0044] The golf club heads described herein also have lower aerodynamic drag compared to golf club heads with similar CG position and moment of inertia. Aerodynamic drag is reduced by maximizing the crown height while maintaining a low, rearward CG position. The transition profiles from the striking surface to the crown, from the striking surface to the sole, and / or from the crown to the sole along the back end of the golf club head provide means to reduce aerodynamic drag. The use of turbulators and the strategic placement of hosel weights further reduce aerodynamic drag.

[0045] The golf clubs described below utilize several relationships that increase or maximize the moment of inertia of the clubhead at a low, rearward center of gravity (CG) position while simultaneously maintaining or reducing air resistance. By balancing these relationships between CG, moment of inertia, and resistance, impact performance characteristics (e.g., spin, launch angle, ball speed, and forgiveness) and swing performance characteristics (e.g., air resistance, ability to square the clubhead at impact, swing speed) are improved. This balance is applicable to driver-type clubheads, fairway wood-type clubheads, and hybrid-type clubheads.

[0046] Where applicable, terms such as “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc., in this specification and the claims are used to distinguish similar elements and are not necessarily intended to describe a specific consecutive or older order. Terms used in this manner should be understood to be interchangeable in appropriate contexts, so as to allow the embodiments described herein to be operable, for example, in an order other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms “contains” and “having,” and any inflections thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, device, or apparatus containing a list of elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but may include other elements that are not expressly enumerated or specific to such process, method, system, article, device, or apparatus.

[0047] Where applicable, terms such as “left,” “right,” “front,” “rear,” “up,” “down,” “above,” “below,” etc., in this specification and in the claims are used for descriptive purposes only and are not necessarily intended to describe permanent relative positions. Terms used in this manner should be understood to be replaceable in appropriate circumstances so that the manufacturing apparatus, manufacturing method, and / or embodiments of the manufactured articles described herein can be operated, for example, in orientations other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein.

[0048] Before any embodiment of this disclosure is described in detail, it should be understood that in its application, this disclosure is not limited to the structural details and component arrangements described in the following description or shown in the following drawings. This disclosure is applicable to other embodiments and can be implemented or carried out in a variety of ways.

[0049] Figures 1 to 3 show a golf club head 100 having a body 102 and a hitting surface 104. The body 102 of the club head 100 includes a front end 108, a back end 110 opposite the front end 108, a crown 116, a sole 118 opposite the crown 116, a heel 120, and a toe 122 opposite the heel 120. The body 102 further includes a skirt or trailing edge 128 adjacent to the crown 116 and the sole 118, the skirt extending from near the heel 120 to near the toe 122 of the club head 100.

[0050] In many embodiments, the club head 100 is a hollow club head. In these embodiments, the body and striking surface can define the internal cavity of the golf club head 100. In some embodiments, the body 102 can extend around the crown 116, sole 118, heel 120, toe 122, back end 110, and front end 108 of the club head 100. In these embodiments, the body 102 defines an opening in the front end 108 of the club head 100, and the striking surface 104 is positioned within the opening to form the club head 100. In other embodiments, the striking surface 104 can extend across the entire front end 108 of the club head and may include a return portion extending across at least one of the crown 116, sole 118, heel 120, and toe 122. In these embodiments, the return portion of the striking surface 104 is coupled to the body 102 to form the club head 100.

[0051] The striking surface 104 of the club head 100 includes a first material. In many embodiments, the first material is a metallic alloy such as a titanium alloy, a steel alloy, an aluminum alloy, or any other metal or metallic alloy. In other embodiments, the first material may include any other material such as a composite material, a plastic, or any other suitable material or combination of materials.

[0052] The body 102 of the club head 100 includes a second material. In many embodiments, the second material is a metal alloy such as a titanium alloy, a steel alloy, an aluminum alloy, or any other metal or metal alloy. In other embodiments, the second material may include any other material such as a composite material, a plastic, or any other suitable material or combination of materials.

[0053] The first and second materials include a strength-to-weight ratio or specific strength, measured as the ratio of the yield stress (σy) to the density (ρ) of the material (see relation 1 below), and a strength-to-modulus ratio or specific flexibility, measured as the ratio of the yield stress (σy) to the modulus (E) of the material (see relation 2 below).

number

number

[0054] As shown in Figure 1, the club head 100 further includes a hosel structure 130 and a hosel shaft 132 extending centrally along the bore of the hosel structure 130. In this example, the hosel coupling mechanism of the club head 100 includes the hosel structure 130 and a hosel sleeve 134, the hosel sleeve 134 can be coupled to the end of the golf shaft 136. The hosel sleeve 134 can be coupled to the hosel structure 130 in multiple configurations, thereby allowing the golf shaft 136 to be fixed to the hosel structure 130 at multiple angles with respect to the hosel shaft 132. However, there may be other examples in which the shaft 136 can be fixed to the hosel structure 130 in an immovable manner.

[0055] The striking surface 104 of the club head 100 defines a geometric center 140. In some embodiments, the geometric center 140 can be located at the geometric center point of the perimeter 142 of the striking surface and the midpoint of the face height 144. In the same or other examples, the geometric center 140 can also be centered with respect to a designed impact zone 148, which can be defined by the area of ​​the groove 150 on the striking surface. Alternatively, the geometric center of the striking surface can be determined based on the definition of a golf governing body such as the United States Golf Association (USGA). For example, the geometric center of the striking surface can be determined according to Section 6.1 of the USGA Procedure for Measuring the Flexibility of a Golf Club Head (USGA-TPX3004, Rev. 1.0.0, May 1, 2008) (http: / / www.usga.org / equipment / testing / protocols / Procedure-For-Measuring-The-Flexibility-Of-A-Golf Club-Head / ) ("Flexibility Procedure").

[0056] The club head 100 further defines a loft plane 1010 tangent to the geometric center 140 of the striking surface 104. The face height 144 can be measured parallel to the loft plane 1010 between the upper end of the striking surface perimeter 142 near the crown 116 and the lower end of the striking surface perimeter 142 near the sole 118. In these embodiments, the striking surface perimeter 142 can be located along the outer edge of the striking surface 104 where the curved surface deviates from the bulge and / or undulation of the striking surface 104.

[0057] The geometric center 140 of the striking surface 104 further defines a coordinate system with the geometric center 140 of the striking surface 104 as the origin, and this coordinate system has an X' axis 1052, a Y' axis 1062, and a Z' axis 1072. The X' axis 1052 extends through the geometric center 140 of the striking surface 104 in the direction from the heel 120 to the toe 122 of the club head 100. The Y' axis 1062 extends through the geometric center 140 of the striking surface 104 in the direction from the crown 116 to the sole 118 of the club head 100 and is perpendicular to the X' axis 1052. The Z' axis 1072 extends through the geometric center 140 in the direction from the front end 108 to the back end 110 of the club head 100 and is perpendicular to the X' axis 1052 and the Y' axis 1062.

[0058] The coordinate system defines the X'Y' plane extending through the X' axis 1052 and the Y' axis 1062, the X'Z' plane extending through the X' axis 1052 and the Z' axis 1072, and the Y'Z' plane extending through the Y' axis 1062 and the Z' axis 1072. Here, the X'Y' plane, the X'Z' plane, and the Y'Z' plane are all perpendicular to each other and intersect at the origin of the coordinate system, which is located at the geometric center 140 of the striking surface 104. The X'Y' plane extends parallel to the hosel axis 132 and is positioned at an angle corresponding to the loft angle of the clubhead 100 from the loft plane 1010. Furthermore, the X' axis 1052 is positioned at an angle of 60 degrees to the hosel axis 132 when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the X'Y' plane.

[0059] In these or other embodiments, the club head 100 can be seen in a front view (Figure 1) when the striking surface 104 is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the X'Y' plane. Furthermore, in these or other embodiments, the club head 100 can be seen in a side view or side cross-sectional view (Figure 2) when the heel 120 is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the Y'Z' plane.

[0060] Club heads 100 and 300 define depths of 160 and 360, lengths of 162 and 362, and heights of 164 and 364. As shown in Figure 3, the depth of the club heads 160 and 360 can be measured as the furthest range of club heads 100 and 300 from the front end 108 and 308 to the back end 110 and 310 in a direction parallel to the Z' axis 1072.

[0061] The length 162 of the club head 100 can be measured as the furthest point of the club head 100 from heel 120 to toe 122 in a direction parallel to the X' axis 1052 when viewed from the front view (Figure 1). In many embodiments, the length 162 of the club head 100 can be measured based on the definition of a golf governing body such as the United States Golf Association (USGA). For example, the length 162 of the club head 100 can be determined according to the USGA procedure for measuring the club head size of wood clubs (USGA-TPX3003, Rev. 1.0.0, November 21, 2003) (https: / / www.usga.org / content / dam / usga / pdf / Equipment / TPX3003-procedure-for-measuring-the-club-head-size-of-wood-clubs.pdf) ("Procedure for Measuring the Club Head Size of Wood Clubs").

[0062] The height 164 of the club head 100 can be measured as the furthest point of the club head 100 from the crown 116 to the sole 118 in a direction parallel to the Y' axis 1062 when viewed from the front view (Figure 1). In many embodiments, the height 164 of the club head 100 can be measured based on the definition of a golf governing body such as the United States Golf Association (USGA). For example, the height 164 of the club head 100 can be determined according to the USGA procedure for measuring the club head size of wood clubs (USGA-TPX3003, Rev. 1.0.0, November 21, 2003) (https: / / www.usga.org / content / dam / usga / pdf / Equipment / TPX3003-procedure-for-measuring-the-club-head-size-of-wood-clubs.pdf) ("Procedure for Measuring the Club Head Size of Wood Clubs").

[0063] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the club head 100 further includes a head center of gravity (CG) 170 and a head depth plane 1040, the head depth plane 1040 passing through the geometric center 140 of the striking surface 104 in the direction from heel 120 to toe 122 of the club head 100 and extending perpendicular to the loft plane 1010. In many embodiments, the head CG 170 is located at the head CG depth from the X'Y' plane, measured in a direction perpendicular to the X'Y' plane. In some embodiments, the head CG 170 may be located at the head CG depth 172 from the loft plane 1010 when measured in a direction perpendicular to the loft plane. The head CG 170 is further located at the head CG height 174 from the head depth plane 1040, measured perpendicular to the head depth plane 1040. Furthermore, the head CG height 174 is measured as the offset distance from the head depth plane 1040 in a direction perpendicular to the head depth plane 1040 toward the crown 116 or sole 118. In many embodiments, the head CG height 174 is positive when the head CG is above the head depth plane 1040 (i.e., between the head depth plane 1040 and the crown 116), and negative when the head CG is below the head depth plane 1040 (i.e., between the head depth plane 1040 and the sole 118). In some embodiments, the absolute value of the head CG height 174 can represent the head CG located above or below the head depth plane 1040 (i.e., between the head depth plane 1040 and the crown 116, or between the head depth plane 1040 and the sole 118). In many embodiments, the head CG 170 is strategically positioned toward the sole 118 and back end 110 of the club head 100 based on various club head parameters such as volume and loft angle, as will be described later. Furthermore, in many embodiments, the head CG170 is strategically positioned toward the sole 118 and back end 110 of the club head 100, in combination with reduced air resistance.

[0064] The head CG170 defines the origin of a coordinate system having x-axis 1050, y-axis 1060, and z-axis 1070. The y-axis 1060 extends through the head CG170 from the crown 116 to the sole 118, is parallel to the hosel axis 132 when viewed from the side, and is at a 30-degree angle from the hosel axis 132 when viewed from the front. The x-axis 1050 extends through the head CG170 from the heel 120 to the toe 122, is perpendicular to the y-axis 1060 when viewed from the front, and is parallel to the X'Y' plane. The z-axis 1070 extends through the head CG170 from the front end 108 to the back end 110, and is perpendicular to the x-axis 1050 and the y-axis. In many embodiments, the x-axis 1050 extends through the head CG 170 from the heel 120 to the toe 122 and is parallel to the X'-axis 1052, the y-axis 1060 extends through the head CG 170 from the crown 116 to the sole 118 and is parallel to the Y'-axis 1062, and the z-axis 1070 extends through the head CG 170 from the front end 108 to the back end 110 and is parallel to the Z'-axis 1072.

[0065] The club head 100 further includes a moment of inertia Ixx about the x-axis (i.e., crown-sole moment of inertia) and a moment of inertia Iyy about the y-axis (i.e., heel-toe moment of inertia). In many embodiments, the crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx and the heel-toe moment of inertia Iyy are increased or maximized based on various club head parameters such as volume and loft angle, as will be described in more detail below. Furthermore, in many embodiments, the crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx and the heel-toe moment of inertia Iyy are increased or maximized in combination with reduced air resistance.

[0066] Various embodiments of club heads having different loft angles and volumes are described below. Other embodiments may include club heads having loft angles or volumes different from those described herein. I. High-capacity driver-type clubhead

[0067] In one example, the golf club head 300 includes a large volume and a low loft angle. In many embodiments, the golf club head 300 includes a driver-type club head. In other embodiments, the golf club head 300 can include any type of golf club head having the loft angle and volume as described herein. In many embodiments, the club head 300 includes the same or similar parameters as the club head 100, the parameters being described by a reference number for the club head 100 plus 200.

[0068] In many embodiments, the loft angle of the club head 300 is less than about 16 degrees, less than about 15 degrees, less than about 14 degrees, less than about 13 degrees, less than about 12 degrees, less than about 11 degrees, or less than about 10 degrees. Furthermore, in many embodiments, the volume of the club head 300 is greater than about 400cc, greater than about 425cc, greater than about 450cc, greater than about 475cc, greater than about 500cc, greater than about 525cc, greater than about 550cc, greater than about 575cc, greater than about 600cc, greater than about 625cc, greater than about 650cc, greater than about 675cc, or greater than about 700cc. In some embodiments, the volume of the club head may be approximately 400cc-600cc, 445cc-485cc, 425cc-500cc, approximately 500cc-650cc, approximately 550cc-700cc, approximately 600cc-650cc, approximately 600cc-700cc, or approximately 600cc-800cc.

[0069] In many embodiments, the length 362 of the club head 300 is greater than 4.85 inches. In other embodiments, the length 362 of the club head 300 is greater than 4.5 inches, greater than 4.6 inches, greater than 4.7 inches, greater than 4.8 inches, greater than 4.9 inches, or greater than 5.0 inches. For example, in some embodiments, the length 362 of the club head 300 may be between 4.6 and 5.0 inches, 4.7 and 5.0 inches, 4.8 and 5.0 inches, 4.85 and 5.0 inches, or 4.9 and 5.0 inches.

[0070] In many embodiments, the depth 360 of the club head 300 is at least 0.70 inches less than the length 362 of the club head 300. In many embodiments, the depth 360 of the club head 300 is greater than 4.75 inches. In other embodiments, the depth 360 of the club head 300 is greater than 4.5 inches, greater than 4.6 inches, greater than 4.7 inches, greater than 4.8 inches, greater than 4.9 inches, or greater than 5.0 inches. For example, in some embodiments, the depth 360 of the club head 300 may be between 4.6 and 5.0 inches, 4.7 and 5.0 inches, 4.75 and 5.0 inches, 4.8 and 5.0 inches, or 4.9 and 5.0 inches.

[0071] In many embodiments, the height 364 of the club head 300 is less than approximately 2.8 inches. In other embodiments, the height 364 of the club head 300 is less than 3.0 inches, less than 2.9 inches, less than 2.8 inches, less than 2.7 inches, or less than 2.6 inches. For example, in some embodiments, the height 364 of the club head 300 may be between 2.0 and 2.8 inches, 2.2 and 2.8 inches, 2.5 and 2.8 inches, or 2.5 and 3.0 inches. Furthermore, in many embodiments, the face height 344 of the club head 300 can be between approximately 1.3 inches (33 mm) and approximately 2.8 inches (71 mm). Moreover, in many embodiments, the club head 300 may contain a mass between 185 grams and 225 grams.

[0072] The club head 300 further includes a balance of various additional parameters such as the head CG position, the moment of inertia of the club head, and air resistance, resulting in improved impact performance characteristics (e.g., spin, launch angle, speed, forgiveness) and swing performance characteristics (e.g., aerodynamic resistance, the ability to square the club head at impact). In many embodiments, the balance of the parameters described below provides improved impact performance while maintaining or improving swing performance characteristics. Further, in many embodiments, the balance of the parameters described below provides improved swing performance characteristics while maintaining or improving impact performance characteristics. A. Center of Gravity Position and Moment of Inertia

[0073] In many embodiments, in the region of the club head where the distance from the head CG is maximized, a discretionary weight can be increased and repositioned to achieve a low and rearward club head CG and a high moment of inertia. As described above with respect to the head CG position, increasing the discretionary weight can be achieved by thinning the crown and / or using optimized materials. Repositioning the discretionary weight to maximize the distance from the head CG can be achieved using removable weights, embedded weights, or abrupt crown angles, as described above with respect to the position of the head CG.

[0074] In many embodiments, the club head 300 has a moment of inertia greater than about 3000 g·cm 2 greater than about 3250 g·cm 2 greater than about 3500 g·cm 2 greater than about 3750 g·cm 2 greater than about 4000 g·cm 2 greater than about 4250 g·cm 2 greater than about 4500 g·cm 2 greater than about 4750 g·cm 2 greater than about 5000 g·cm 2Larger than that, approximately 5250g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 5500g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 5750g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 6000g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 6250g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 6500g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 6750g·cm 2 Larger than, or approximately 7000g·cm 2 Includes a crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx that is greater than or equal to.

[0075] In many embodiments, the club head 300 weighs approximately 5000 g·cm. 2 Larger than that, approximately 5250g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 5500g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 5750g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 6000g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 6250g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 6500g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 6750g·cm 2 Larger than, or approximately 7000g·cm 2 Includes a heel-toe moment of inertia Iyy that is greater than or equal to .

[0076] In many embodiments, the club head 300 has a weight of 8000 g·cm². 2 Larger than that, 8500g·cm 2 Larger than that, 8750g·cm 2 Larger than 9000g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9250g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9500g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9750g·cm 2 Larger than 10,000 g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10250g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10500g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10750g·cm 2 Larger than 11,000 g·cm 2Larger than that, 11250g·cm 2 Larger than that, 11500g·cm 2 Larger than that, 11750g·cm 2 Larger than 12,000 g·cm 2 Larger than that, 12500g·cm 2 Larger than that, 13,000 g·cm 2 Larger than that, 13,500g·cm 2 Larger than, or 14,000 g·cm 2 It includes a combined moment of inertia (i.e., the sum of the crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx and the heel-toe moment of inertia Iyy) that is greater than [the given value].

[0077] In many embodiments, the club head 300 has a head CG height 374 of less than approximately 0.20 inches, less than approximately 0.15 inches, less than approximately 0.10 inches, less than approximately 0.09 inches, less than approximately 0.08 inches, less than approximately 0.07 inches, less than approximately 0.06 inches, or less than approximately 0.05 inches. Furthermore, in many embodiments, the club head 300 includes a head CG height 374 having an absolute value of less than approximately 0.20 inches, less than approximately 0.15 inches, less than approximately 0.10 inches, less than approximately 0.09 inches, less than approximately 0.08 inches, less than approximately 0.07 inches, less than approximately 0.06 inches, or less than approximately 0.05 inches.

[0078] In many embodiments, the club head 300 includes a head CG depth 372 which is greater than approximately 1.2 inches, greater than approximately 1.3 inches, greater than approximately 1.4 inches, greater than approximately 1.5 inches, greater than approximately 1.6 inches, greater than approximately 1.7 inches, greater than approximately 1.8 inches, greater than approximately 1.9 inches, or greater than approximately 2.0 inches.

[0079] In some embodiments, the club head 300 may include a first performance characteristic of 0.56 or less, where the first performance characteristic is defined as the ratio between (a) the difference between 72 mm and the face height 344, and (b) the head CG depth 372. In these embodiments or other embodiments, the club head 300 may include a second performance characteristic of 425 cc or more, where the second performance characteristic is defined as the sum of (a) the volume of the club head 300, and (b) the ratio between the absolute values ​​of the head CG depth 372 and the head CG height 374. In some embodiments, the second performance characteristic may be 450 cc or more, 475 cc or more, 490 cc or more, 495 cc or more, 500 cc or more, 505 cc or more, or 510 cc or more.

[0080] A club head 300 with a reduced head CG height 374 can reduce the backspin of the golf ball at impact compared to a similar club head with a higher head CG height. In many embodiments, reducing backspin can increase both ball speed and flight distance to improve the performance of the club head. Furthermore, a club head 300 with an increased head CG depth 372 can increase the heel-toe moment of inertia compared to a similar club head with a head CG depth closer to the hitting surface. Increasing the heel-toe moment of inertia can increase the forgiveness of the club head at impact to improve the performance of the club head. Moreover, a club head 300 with an increased head CG depth 172 can increase the launch angle of the golf ball at impact by increasing the dynamic loft of the club head at impact compared to a similar club head with a head CG depth closer to the hitting surface.

[0081] A head CG height of 374 and / or head CG depth of 372 can be achieved by reducing the weight of the club head in various areas, thereby increasing the discretionary weight, and changing the discretionary weight in strategic areas of the club head to shift the head CG lower and further back. Various means for reducing and repositioning the weight of the club head are described below. i. Thin region

[0082] In some embodiments, the head CG height 374 and / or head CG depth 372 can be achieved by thinning various areas of the club head 300 and removing excess weight. Removing the excess weight results in increased discretionary weight that can be strategically repositioned in areas of the club head 300 to achieve a desired low, rearward club head CG position.

[0083] In many embodiments, the club head 300 may have one or more thin regions 376. One or more thin regions 376 may be located on the striking surface 304, the body 302, or a combination of the striking surface 304 and the body 302 (see Figure 7). Furthermore, one or more thin regions 376 may be located on any area of ​​the body 302, including the crown 316, sole 318, heel 320, toe 322, front end 308, back end 310, skirt 328, or any combination of the described locations. For example, in some embodiments, one or more thin regions 376 may be located on the crown 316. In further examples, one or more thin regions 376 may be located on a combination of the striking surface 304 and the crown 306. In further examples, one or more thin regions 376 may be located on a combination of the striking surface 304, the crown 316, and the sole 318. In further examples, the entire body 302 and / or the entire striking surface 304 may include the thin region 376.

[0084] In embodiments where one or more thin regions 376 are positioned on the striking surface 304, the thickness of the striking surface 304 can vary, with a maximum striking surface thickness and a minimum striking surface thickness. In these embodiments, the minimum striking surface thickness may be less than 0.10 inches, less than 0.09 inches, less than 0.08 inches, less than 0.07 inches, less than 0.06 inches, less than 0.05 inches, less than 0.04 inches, or less than 0.03 inches. In these or other embodiments, the maximum striking surface thickness may be less than 0.20 inches, less than 0.19 inches, less than 0.18 inches, less than 0.17 inches, less than 0.16 inches, less than 0.15 inches, less than 0.14 inches, less than 0.13 inches, less than 0.12 inches, less than 0.11 inches, or less than 0.10 inches.

[0085] In embodiments where one or more thin regions 376 are located on the main body 302, the thin regions may include a thickness of less than approximately 0.020 inches. In other embodiments, the thin regions include thicknesses of less than 0.025 inches, less than 0.020 inches, less than 0.019 inches, less than 0.018 inches, less than 0.017 inches, less than 0.016 inches, less than 0.015 inches, less than 0.014 inches, less than 0.013 inches, less than 0.012 inches, or less than 0.010 inches. For example, the thin regions may include thicknesses of approximately 0.010 to 0.025 inches, approximately 0.013 to 0.020 inches, approximately 0.014 to 0.020 inches, approximately 0.015 to 0.020 inches, approximately 0.016 to 0.020 inches, approximately 0.017 to 0.020 inches, or approximately 0.018 to 0.020 inches.

[0086] In the illustrated embodiment, the thin area 376 has a different shape and position and covers approximately 25% of the surface area of ​​the club head 300. In other embodiments, the thin area can cover approximately 20-30%, 15-35%, 15-25%, 10-25%, 15-30%, or 20-50% of the surface area of ​​the club head 900. Furthermore, in other embodiments, the thin area can cover up to 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50% of the surface area of ​​the club head 300.

[0087] In many embodiments, the crown 316 may include one or more thin regions 376 such that approximately 51% of the surface area of ​​the crown 316 includes a thin region 376. In other embodiments, the crown 316 may include one or more thin regions 376 such that up to 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90% of the crown 316 includes a thin region 376. For example, in some embodiments, approximately 40–60% of the crown 316 may include a thin region 376. In further examples, in other embodiments, approximately 50–100%, 40–80%, 35–65%, 30–70%, or 25–75% of the crown 316 may include a thin region 376. In some embodiments, the crown 316 may include one or more thin regions 376, each of which is tapered. In one exemplary embodiment, the one or more thin regions 376 of the crown 316 extend in the heel-toe direction, and each of which is tapered in thickness from the striking surface 304 toward the back end 310.

[0088] In many embodiments, the sole 318 can include one or more thin regions 376 such that about 64% of the surface area of ​​the sole 318 includes a thin region 376. In other embodiments, the sole 318 can include one or more thin regions 376 such that up to 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90% of the sole 318 includes a thin region 376. For example, in some embodiments, about 40–60% of the sole 318 can include a thin region 376. In further examples, in other embodiments, about 50–100%, 40–80%, 35–65%, 30–70%, or 25–75% of the sole 318 can include a thin region 376.

[0089] The thin regions 376 may include any shape, such as a circle, triangle, square, rectangle, oval, or any other polygon or shape having at least one curved surface. Furthermore, one or more thin regions 376 may have the same shape as the remaining thin regions, or a different shape.

[0090] In many embodiments, the club head 100 having a thin area can be manufactured using centrifugal casting. In these embodiments, centrifugal casting allows the club head 300 to have thinner walls than a club head manufactured using conventional casting. In other embodiments, the portion of the club head 300 having a thin area can be manufactured using other suitable methods such as punching, forging, or machining. In embodiments in which the portion of the club head 300 having a thin area is manufactured using punching, forging, or machining, the portions of the club head 300 can be joined using epoxy, tape, welding, mechanical fasteners, or other suitable methods. ii. Optimized materials

[0091] In some embodiments, the striking surface 304 and / or the body 302 may include an optimized material having increased specific strength and / or increased specific flexibility. Specific flexibility is measured as the ratio of the yield strength to the modulus of elasticity of the optimized material. Increasing specific strength and / or specific flexibility allows for thinning of a portion of the club head while maintaining durability.

[0092] In some embodiments, the first material of the striking surface 304 may be an optimized material as described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 399,929, entitled “Golf Club Head Having Optimized Material Properties”. In these or other embodiments, the first material, including an optimized titanium alloy, has a strength of approximately 900,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (224 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 910,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (227 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 920,000PSI / lb / in 3 (229 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 930,000PSI / lb / in 3 (232 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 940,000PSI / lb / in 3 (234 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 950,000PSI / lb / in 3 (237 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 960,000PSI / lb / in 3 (239 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 970,000PSI / lb / in 3 (242 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 980,000PSI / lb / in 3 (244 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 990,000PSI / lb / in 3 (247 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,000,000PSI / lb / in 3 (249 MPa / g / cm²) 3) or more, approximately 1,050,000PSI / lb / in 3 (262 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,100,000PSI / lb / in 3 (274 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, or approximately 1,150,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (286 MPa / g / cm²) 3 It can have a specific strength of ) or higher.

[0093] Furthermore, in these or other embodiments, the first material comprising the optimized titanium alloy may have a specific flexibility of about 0.0075 or more, about 0.0080 or more, about 0.0085 or more, about 0.0090 or more, about 0.0091 or more, about 0.0092 or more, about 0.0093 or more, about 0.0094 or more, about 0.0095 or more, about 0.0096 or more, about 0.0097 or more, about 0.0098 or more, about 0.0099 or more, about 0.0100 or more, about 0.0105 or more, about 0.0110 or more, about 0.0115 or more, or about 0.0120 or more.

[0094] In these or other embodiments, the first material, including an optimized steel alloy, has a strength of approximately 650,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (162 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 700,000PSI / lb / in 3 (174 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 750,000PSI / lb / in 3 (187 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 800,000PSI / lb / in 3 (199 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 810,000PSI / lb / in 3 (202 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 820,000PSI / lb / in 3 (204 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 830,000PSI / lb / in 3 (207 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 840,000PSI / lb / in 3(209 MPa / g / cm 3 ) or more, about 850,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (212 MPa / g / cm 3 ) or more, about 900,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (224 MPa / g / cm 3 ) or more, about 950,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (237 MPa / g / cm 3 ) or more, about 1,000,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (249 MPa / g / cm 3 ), about 1,050,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (262 MPa / g / cm 3 ) or more, about 1,100,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (274 MPa / g / cm 3 ) or more, about 1,115,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (278 MPa / g / cm 3 ) or more, or about 1,120,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (279 MPa / g / cm 3 ) can have a specific strength above the above.

[0095] Furthermore, in these or other embodiments, the first material comprising an optimized steel alloy can have a specific flexibility of about 0.0060 or more, about 0.0065 or more, about 0.0070 or more, about 0.0075, about 0.0080 or more, about 0.0085 or more, about 0.0090 or more, about 0.0095 or more, about 0.0100 or more, about 0.0105 or more, about 0.0110 or more, about 0.0115 or more, about 0.0120 or more, about 0.0125 or more, about 0.0130 or more, about 0.0135 or more, about 0.0140 or more, about 0.0145 or more, or about 0.0150 or more.

[0096] In these embodiments, the increased specific strength and / or increased specific flexibility of the optimized first material allows for thinning of the striking surface 304 or a portion thereof, as described above, while maintaining durability. By thinning the striking surface 304, the weight of the striking surface can be reduced, thereby increasing the discretionary weight that can be strategically placed in other areas of the club head 300, which in turn allows the head CG to be positioned lower and further back, and / or increases the moment of inertia of the club head.

[0097] In some embodiments, the second material of the body 302 may be an optimized material as described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 399,929, entitled “Golf Club Head Having Optimized Material Properties.” In these or other embodiments, the second material, including an optimized titanium alloy, has a strength of approximately 730,500 PSI / lb / in 3 (182 MPa / g / cm²) 3 It can have a specific strength of 650,000 PSI / lb / in². For example, the specific strength of the optimized titanium alloy is approximately 650,000 PSI / lb / in². 3 (162 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 700,000PSI / lb / in 3 (174 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ), approximately 750,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (187 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 800,000PSI / lb / in 3 (199 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ), approximately 850,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (212 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 900,000PSI / lb / in 3 (224 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 950,000PSI / lb / in 3 (237 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,000,000PSI / lb / in 3 (249 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,050,000PSI / lb / in 3 (262 MPa / g / cm²)3 ) or more. Or approximately 1,100,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (272 MPa / g / cm²) 3 It could be more than )

[0098] Furthermore, in these or other embodiments, the second material comprising the optimized titanium alloy may have a specific flexibility of about 0.0060 or more, about 0.0065 or more, about 0.0070 or more, about 0.0075, about 0.0080 or more, about 0.0085 or more, about 0.0090 or more, about 0.0095 or more, about 0.0100 or more, about 0.0105 or more, about 0.0110 or more, about 0.0115 or more, or about 0.0120 or more.

[0099] In these or other embodiments, the second material, including optimized steel, has a yield of approximately 500,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (125 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 510,000PSI / lb / in 3 (127 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 520,000PSI / lb / in 3 (130 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 530,000PSI / lb / in 3 (132 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 540,000PSI / lb / in 3 (135 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 550,000PSI / lb / in 3 (137 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 560,000PSI / lb / in 3 (139 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 570,000PSI / lb / in 3 (142 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 580,000PSI / lb / in 3 (144 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 590,000PSI / lb / in 3 (147 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 600,000PSI / lb / in 3(149 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 625,000PSI / lb / in 3 (156 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 675,000PSI / lb / in 3 (168 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 725,000PSI / lb / in 3 (181 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 775,000PSI / lb / in 3 (193 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 825,000PSI / lb / in 3 (205 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 875,000PSI / lb / in 3 (218 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 925,000PSI / lb / in 3 (230 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 975,000PSI / lb / in 3 (243 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,025,000PSI / lb / in 3 (255 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,075PSI / lb / in 3 (268 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ), or approximately 1,125,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (280 MPa / g / cm²) 3 It can have a specific strength of ) or higher.

[0100] Furthermore, in these or other embodiments, the second material, including the optimized steel, can have a specific flexibility of about 0.0060 or more, about 0.0062 or more, about 0.0064 or more, about 0.0066 or more, about 0.0068 or more, about 0.0070 or more, about 0.0072 or more, about 0.0076 or more, about 0.0080 or more, about 0.0084 or more, about 0.0088 or more, about 0.0092 or more, about 0.0096 or more, about 0.0100 or more, about 0.0105 or more, about 0.0110 or more, about 0.0115 or more, about 0.0120 or more, about 0.0125 or more, about 0.0130 or more, about 0.0135 or more, about 0.0140 or more, about 0.0145 or more, or about 0.0150 or more.

[0101] In these embodiments, the increased specific strength and / or increased specific flexibility of the optimized second material allows for thinning of the body 302 or any part thereof while maintaining durability. Thinning the body allows for a reduction in the weight of the club head, thereby increasing the discretionary weight that can be strategically placed in other areas of the club head 300, which in turn allows the head CG to be positioned lower and further back, and / or increases the moment of inertia of the club head. iii. Removable weights

[0102] In some embodiments, the club head 300 may include one or more weight structures 380, each containing one or more removable weights 382. The one or more weight structures 380 and / or the one or more removable weights 382 can be positioned toward the sole 318 and back end 310, thereby allowing discretionary weights to be positioned closer to the sole 318 and back end 310 of the club head, achieving a low, rearward head CG position. In many embodiments, the one or more weight structures 380 are removably receptive to one or more removable weights 382. In these embodiments, the one or more removable weights 382 can be coupled to the one or more weight structures 380 using any suitable method such as threaded fasteners, adhesives, magnets, snap-fits, or any other mechanism capable of securing the one or more removable weights to the one or more weight structures.

[0103] The weight structure 380 and / or removable weight 382 can be positioned relative to a clock grid 2000 which can be aligned with the striking surface 304 when viewed from a top view or bottom view (Figure 3). The clock grid includes at least the 12 o'clock, 3 o'clock, 4 o'clock, 5 o'clock, 6 o'clock, 7 o'clock, 8 o'clock, and 9 o'clock rays. For example, the clock grid 2000 includes the 12 o'clock ray 2012 aligned with the geometric center 340 of the striking surface 304. The 12 o'clock ray 2012 is orthogonal to the X'Y' plane. The center of the clock grid 2000 can be positioned midpoint between the front end 308 and back end 310 of the club head 300 along the 12 o'clock ray 2012. In the same or other example, when viewed from a bottom view (Figure 3), the clock grid center point 2010 can be centered close to the geometric center point of the golf club head 300. The clock grid 2000 also includes a 3 o'clock radial 2003 extending toward the heel 320 and a 9 o'clock radial 2009 extending toward the toe 322 of the clubhead 300.

[0104] In this embodiment, the weight perimeter 384 of the weight structure 380 is positioned toward the backend 310 and is at least partially bounded between the 4 o'clock radiation 2004 and the 8 o'clock radiation 2008 of the clock grid 2000, while the removable weight 382 located within the weight structure 380 is positioned between the 5 o'clock radiation 2005 and the 7 o'clock radiation 2007. In examples like this one, the weight perimeter 384 is completely enclosed between the 4 o'clock radiation 2004 and the 8 o'clock radiation 2008. In this example, the weight perimeter 384 is defined outside the clubhead 300, but there may be other examples in which the weight perimeter 384 extends inside the clubhead 300 or is defined within the clubhead 300. In some examples, the position of the weight structure 380 can be established over a wider area. For example, in such an example, the weight perimeter 384 of the weight structure 380 can be positioned toward a backend 310 that is at least partially bounded between the 4 o'clock radiation 2004 and the 9 o'clock radiation 2009 of the clock grid 2000, while the weight center 386 may be located between the 5 o'clock radiation 2005 and the 8 o'clock radiation 2008.

[0105] In this example, the weight structure 380 protrudes from the external contour of the sole 318 and is therefore at least partially external to allow for greater adjustment of the head CG 370. In some examples, the weight structure 380 may contain a mass of approximately 2 grams to approximately 50 grams and / or a volume of approximately 1 cc to approximately 30 cc. In other examples, the weight structure 380 may remain coplanar with the external contour of the body 302.

[0106] In many embodiments, the removable weight 382 may contain a mass of approximately 0.5 grams to approximately 30 grams and can be replaced with one or more other similar removable weights to adjust the position of the head CG370. In the same or other examples, the weight center 386 may include at least one of the center of gravity of the removable weight 382 and / or the geometric center 382 of the removable weight. iv. Embedded weights

[0107] In some embodiments, the club head 300 may include one or more embedded weights 383 to achieve a low, rearward head CG position by positioning discretionary weights on the sole 318, within the skirt 328, and / or near the back end 310 of the club head 300. In many embodiments, one or more embedded weights 383 are permanently fixed to or within the club head 300. In these embodiments, the embedded weights 383 may be similar to the high-density metal pieces (HDMP) described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 372,870, titled “Embedded High-Density Castings”.

[0108] In many embodiments, one or more embedded weights 383 are positioned near the back end 310 of the club head 300. For example, the weight center 387 of the embedded weight 383 may be located between the 5 o'clock radiation 2005 and the 7 o'clock radiation 2007 of the clock grid 2000, or between the 5 o'clock radiation 2005 and the 8 o'clock radiation 2008. In many embodiments, one or more embedded weights 383 may be positioned near the back end 310 of the club head 300 on the skirt 328, near the back end 310 of the club head 300 on the sole 318, or near the back end 310 of the club head 300 on both the skirt 328 and the sole 318.

[0109] In many embodiments, the weight centers 387 of one or more embedded weights 383 are positioned within 0.10 inches, 0.20 inches, 0.30 inches, 0.40 inches, 0.50 inches, 0.60 inches, 0.70 inches, 0.80 inches, 0.90 inches, 1.0 inch, 1.1 inches, 1.2 inches, 1.3 inches, 1.4 inches, or 1.5 inches around the club head 300 when viewed from a top or bottom view (Figure 3). In these embodiments, the proximity of the embedded weights 383 to the periphery of the club head 300 maximizes a low, rearward head CG position, crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx, and / or heel-toe moment of inertia Iyy.

[0110] In many embodiments, the weight centers 387 of one or more embedded weights 383 are positioned at a distance greater than 1.6 inches, greater than 1.7 inches, greater than 1.8 inches, greater than 1.9 inches, greater than 2.0 inches, greater than 2.1 inches, greater than 2.2 inches, greater than 2.3 inches, greater than 2.4 inches, greater than 2.5 inches, greater than 2.6 inches, greater than 2.7 inches, greater than 2.8 inches, greater than 2.9 inches, or greater than 3.0 inches from the head CG 370.

[0111] In many embodiments, the weight centers 387 of one or more embedded weights 383 are positioned at a distance greater than 4.0 inches, greater than 4.1 inches, greater than 4.2 inches, greater than 4.3 inches, greater than 4.4 inches, greater than 4.5 inches, greater than 4.6 inches, greater than 4.7 inches, greater than 4.8 inches, greater than 4.9 inches, or greater than 5.0 inches from the geometric center 340 of the striking surface 304.

[0112] In many embodiments, one or more embedded weights 383 may have a mass of 3.0 to 50 grams. For example, in some embodiments, one or more embedded weights 383 may have a mass of 3.0 to 25 grams, 10 to 30 grams, 20 to 40 grams, or 30 to 50 grams. In embodiments in which one or more embedded weights 383 include two or more weights, each of the embedded weights may have the same or different masses.

[0113] In many embodiments, one or more embedded weights 383 may be made of a material having a specific gravity between 10.0 and 22.0. For example, in many embodiments, one or more embedded weights 383 may be made of a material having a specific gravity greater than 10.0, greater than 11.0, greater than 12.0, greater than 13.0, greater than 14.0, greater than 15.0, greater than 16.0, greater than 16.0, greater than 17.0, greater than 18.0, or greater than 19.0. In embodiments in which one or more embedded weights 383 include two or more weights, each of the embedded weights may be made of the same or different material. v. Steep crown angle

[0114] Referring to Figures 4 to 6, in some embodiments, the golf club head 300 may further include a steep crown angle 388 to achieve a low rearward position of the head CG. The steep crown angle 388 positions the back end of the crown 316 toward the sole 318 or the ground, thereby lowering the position of the club head CG.

[0115] The crown angle 388 is measured as the acute angle between the crown axis 1090 and the front surface 1020. In these embodiments, the crown axis 1090 is located within the cross-section of the club head as viewed along a plane perpendicular to the ground surface 1030 and the front surface 1020. The crown axis 1090 can be further described with reference to the upper transition boundary and the rear transition boundary.

[0116] The club head 300 includes an upper transition boundary extending from near the heel 320 to near the toe 322 between the front end 308 and the crown 316. The upper transition boundary includes a crown transition profile 390 as viewed from a side section taken along a plane perpendicular to the front surface 1020 and perpendicular to the ground surface 1030 when the club head 300 is in the address position. The side section can be taken at any point on the club head 300 from near the heel 320 to near the toe 322. The crown transition profile 390 defines a front radius of curvature 392 extending from the front end 308 of the club head 300 to the crown transition point 394, where the front end 308 of the club head 300 is the portion of the contour that deviates from the undulation and / or bulge range of the striking surface 304, and the crown transition point 394 indicates the change in curvature from the front radius of curvature 392 to the curvature of the crown 316. In some embodiments, the front radius of curvature 392 includes a single radius of curvature extending from the upper end 393 of the striking surface perimeter 342 near the crown 316 to a crown transition point 394, where the upper end 393 of the striking surface perimeter 342 near the crown 316 is the portion where the contour deviates from the undulation and / or bulging range of the striking surface 304, and the crown transition point 394 indicates a change in curvature from the front radius of curvature 392 to one or more different curvatures of the crown 316.

[0117] The clubhead 300 further includes a rear transition boundary extending between the crown 316 and the skirt 328 from near the heel 320 to near the toe 322. The rear transition boundary includes a rear transition profile 396 as viewed from a side section view taken along a plane perpendicular to the front surface 1020 and perpendicular to the ground surface 1030 when the clubhead 300 is in the address position. The section view can be taken at any point on the clubhead 300 from near the heel 320 to near the toe 322. The rear transition profile 396 defines a back radius of curvature 398 extending from the crown 316 to the skirt 328 of the clubhead 300. In many embodiments, the back radius of curvature 398 includes a single radius of curvature that transitions the crown 316 along the rear transition boundary to the skirt 328 of the clubhead 300. A first rear transition point 402 is located at the connection between the crown 316 and the rear transition boundary. The second rear transition point 403 is located at the connection point between the rear transition boundary of the club head 300 and the skirt 328.

[0118] The front radius of curvature 392 of the upper transition boundary may remain constant, or it may vary from near the heel 320 to near the toe 322 of the club head 300. Similarly, the back radius of curvature 398 of the rear transition boundary may remain constant, or it may vary from near the heel 320 to near the toe 322 of the club head 300.

[0119] The crown axis 1090 extends between the crown transition point 394 near the front end 308 of the club head 300 and the rear transition point 402 near the back end 310 of the club head 300. The crown angle 388 may remain constant or may vary from near the heel 320 to near the toe 322 of the club head 300. For example, the crown angle 388 may vary when the side cross-sectional view is taken at different positions relative to the heel 320 and toe 322.

[0120] In the illustrated embodiment, the crown angle 388 near the toe 322 is approximately 72.25 degrees, the crown angle 388 near the heel 320 is approximately 64.5 degrees, and the crown angle 388 near the center of the golf club head is approximately 64.2 degrees. In many embodiments, the maximum crown angle 388 taken at any position from near the toe 322 to near the heel 320 is less than 79 degrees, less than approximately 78 degrees, less than approximately 77 degrees, less than approximately 76 degrees, less than approximately 75 degrees, less than approximately 74 degrees, less than approximately 73 degrees, less than approximately 72 degrees, less than approximately 71 degrees, less than approximately 70 degrees, less than approximately 69 degrees, or less than approximately 68 degrees. For example, in some embodiments, the maximum crown angle is between 50 and 79 degrees, 60 and 79 degrees, or 70 and 79 degrees.

[0121] In other embodiments, the crown angle 388 near the toe 322 of the club head 300 may be less than approximately 79 degrees, less than approximately 78 degrees, less than approximately 77 degrees, less than approximately 76 degrees, less than approximately 75 degrees, less than approximately 74 degrees, less than approximately 73 degrees, less than approximately 72 degrees, less than approximately 71 degrees, less than approximately 70 degrees, less than approximately 69 degrees, or less than approximately 68 degrees. For example, the crown angle 388 taken along a side cross-sectional view positioned about 1.0 inch from the geometric center 340 of the striking surface 304 toward the toe 322 may be less than 79 degrees, less than 78 degrees, less than 77 degrees, 76 degrees, less than 75 degrees, less than 74 degrees, less than 73 degrees, less than 72 degrees, less than 71 degrees, less than 70 degrees, less than 69 degrees, or less than 68 degrees.

[0122] Furthermore, in other embodiments, the crown angle 388 near the heel 320 may be less than approximately 70 degrees, less than approximately 69 degrees, less than approximately 68 degrees, less than approximately 67 degrees, less than approximately 66 degrees, less than approximately 65 degrees, less than approximately 64 degrees, less than approximately 63 degrees, less than approximately 62 degrees, less than approximately 61 degrees, less than approximately 60 degrees, or less than approximately 59 degrees. For example, the crown angle 388 taken along a side section positioned about 1.0 inch from the geometric center 340 of the striking surface 304 toward the heel 320 may be less than approximately 70 degrees, less than approximately 69 degrees, less than approximately 68 degrees, less than approximately 67 degrees, less than approximately 66 degrees, less than approximately 65 degrees, less than approximately 64 degrees, less than approximately 63 degrees, less than approximately 62 degrees, less than approximately 61 degrees, less than approximately 60 degrees, or less than approximately 59 degrees.

[0123] Furthermore, in other embodiments, the crown angle 388 near the center of the club head 300 may be less than 75 degrees, less than 74 degrees, less than 73 degrees, less than 72 degrees, less than 71 degrees, less than approximately 70 degrees, less than approximately 69 degrees, less than approximately 68 degrees, less than approximately 67 degrees, less than approximately 66 degrees, less than approximately 65 degrees, less than approximately 64 degrees, less than approximately 63 degrees, less than approximately 62 degrees, less than approximately 61 degrees, less than approximately 60 degrees, or less than approximately 59 degrees. For example, the crown angle 388 taken along a side cross-section located approximately at the geometric center 340 of the striking surface 304 may be less than approximately 70 degrees, less than approximately 69 degrees, less than approximately 68 degrees, less than approximately 67 degrees, less than approximately 66 degrees, less than approximately 65 degrees, less than approximately 64 degrees, less than approximately 63 degrees, less than approximately 62 degrees, less than approximately 61 degrees, less than approximately 60 degrees, or less than approximately 59 degrees.

[0124] In many embodiments, reducing the crown angle 388 compared to the current clubhead produces a steeper crown or a crown positioned closer to the ground plane 1030 when the clubhead 300 is in the address position. Thus, reducing the crown angle 388 can result in a lower head CG position compared to a clubhead with a higher crown angle. vi. Hosel sleeve weight

[0125] In some embodiments, the head CG height 174 and / or head CG depth 172 can be achieved by reducing the mass of the hosel sleeve 334. Removing the excess weight from the hosel sleeve 334 allows the increased discretionary weight to be strategically redistributed in the area of ​​the club head 300 to achieve the desired low rear club head CG position.

[0126] Reducing the mass of the hosel sleeve 334 can be achieved by thinning the sleeve wall, reducing the height of the hosel sleeve 334, reducing the diameter of the hosel sleeve 334, and / or introducing voids in the wall of the hosel sleeve 334. In many embodiments, the mass of the hosel sleeve 334 may be less than 6 grams, less than 5.5 grams, less than 5.0 grams, less than 4.5 grams, or less than 4.0 grams. In many embodiments, a club head 300 with a reduced-mass hosel sleeve results in a lower (closer to the sole) and more rearward (closer to the backend) club head CG position than a similar club head with a heavier hosel sleeve. B. Air resistance

[0127] In many embodiments, the club head 300 includes a combination of a low, rearward CG position of the club head and an increased moment of inertia of the club head, along with reduced aerodynamic drag.

[0128] In many embodiments, the club head 300 experiences an air resistance of less than approximately 1.5 lbf, less than 1.4 lbf, less than 1.3 lbf, or less than 1.2 lbf when tested in a wind tunnel with a square face and a wind speed of 102 mph. In these or other embodiments, the club head 300 experiences an air resistance of less than approximately 1.5 lbf, less than 1.4 lbf, less than 1.3 lbf, or less than 1.2 lbf in computational fluid dynamics calculations with a square face and a wind speed of 102 mph. In these embodiments, the airflow experienced by the club head 300 with a square face is directed towards the striking surface 304 in a direction perpendicular to the X'Y' plane. A club head 300 with reduced air resistance can be achieved by various means, as described below. i. Crown angle and height

[0129] In some embodiments, reducing the crown angle 388 to form a steeper crown and a lower head CG position can lead to an undesirable increase in aerodynamic drag because it increases the separation of airflow over the crown during the swing. To prevent the increase in drag associated with the decrease in crown angle 388, the maximum crown height 404 can be increased. As shown in Figure 4, the maximum crown height 404 is the maximum distance between the surface of the crown 316 and the crown axis 1090 as seen in any side cross-sectional view of the club head 300 along a plane parallel to the Y'Z' plane. In many embodiments, a larger maximum crown height 404 results in a crown 316 with greater curvature. The greater the curvature of the crown 316, the further the position of airflow separation during the swing moves behind the club head 300. In other words, greater curvature allows the airflow to remain in contact with the club head 300 over a longer distance along the crown 316 during the swing. Moving the airflow separation point backward on the crown 316 reduces aerodynamic drag, increases clubhead swing speed, and potentially increases ball speed and distance.

[0130] In many embodiments, the maximum crown height 404 may be greater than approximately 0.20 inches (5 mm), greater than approximately 0.30 inches (7.5 mm), greater than approximately 0.40 inches (10 mm), greater than approximately 0.50 inches (12.5 mm), greater than approximately 0.60 inches (15 mm), greater than approximately 0.70 inches (17.5 mm), greater than approximately 0.80 inches (20 mm), greater than approximately 0.90 inches (22.5 mm), or greater than approximately 1.0 inch (25 mm). Furthermore, in other embodiments, the maximum crown height may be in the range of 0.20 inches (5 mm) to 0.60 inches (15 mm), 0.40 inches (10 mm) to 0.80 inches (20 mm), or 0.60 inches (15 mm) to 1.0 inch (25 mm). For example, in some embodiments, the maximum crown height 404 may be approximately 0.52 inches (13.3 mm), approximately 0.54 inches (13.8 mm), approximately 0.59 inches (15 mm), approximately 0.65 inches (16.5 mm), or approximately 0.79 inches (20 mm). ii. Transition Profile

[0131] In many embodiments, the transition profiles from the striking surface 304 to the crown 316, from the striking surface 304 to the sole 318, and / or from the crown 316 to the sole 318 along the back end 310 of the clubhead 300 affect the aerodynamic drag on the clubhead 300 during the swing.

[0132] In some embodiments, a club head 300 having an upper transition boundary defining a crown transition profile 390 and a rear transition boundary defining a rear transition profile 396 further includes a sole transition boundary defining a sole transition profile 410. The sole transition boundary extends between the front end 308 and the sole 318 from near the heel 320 to near the toe 322. The sole transition boundary includes the sole transition profile 410 as viewed from a side section view along a plane parallel to the Y'Z' plane. The side section view can be taken at any point on the club head 300 from near the heel 320 to near the toe 322. The sole transition profile 410 defines a sole radius of curvature 412 extending from the front end 308 of the club head 300 to a sole transition point 414, where the front end 308 of the club head 300 is the portion where the contour deviates from the undulation and / or bulging range of the striking surface 304, and the sole transition point 414 indicates a change in curvature from the sole radius of curvature 412 to the curvature of the sole 318. In some embodiments, the sole radius of curvature 412 includes a single radius of curvature extending from the bottom end 413 of the striking surface perimeter 342 near the sole 318 to a sole transition point 414, where the bottom end 413 of the striking surface perimeter 342 near the sole 318 is the portion where the contour deviates from the undulation and / or bulging range, and the sole transition point 414 indicates a change in curvature from the sole radius of curvature 412 to the curvature of the sole 318.

[0133] In many embodiments, the crown transition profile 390, sole transition profile 410, and rear transition profile 396 may be similar to the crown transition profile, sole transition profile, and rear transition profile described in U.S. Patent No. 15 / 233,486, entitled “Golf club head having transition profiles for reducing aerodynamic drag.” Furthermore, the front radius of curvature 392, sole radius of curvature 412, and back radius of curvature 398 may be similar to the first crown-side radius of curvature, first sole-side radius of curvature, and back radius of curvature described in U.S. Patent No. 15 / 233,486, entitled “Golf club head having transition profiles for reducing aerodynamic drag.”

[0134] In some embodiments, the front radius of curvature 392 may range from approximately 0.18 to 0.30 inches (0.46 to 0.76 cm). Furthermore, in other embodiments, the front radius of curvature 392 may be less than 0.40 inches (1.02 cm), less than 0.375 inches (0.95 cm), less than 0.35 inches (0.89 cm), less than 0.325 inches (0.83 cm), or less than 0.30 inches (0.76 cm). For example, the front radius of curvature 392 may be approximately 0.18 inches (0.46 cm), 0.20 inches (0.51 cm), 0.22 inches (0.66 cm), 0.24 inches (0.61 cm), 0.26 inches (0.66 cm), 0.28 inches (0.71 cm), or 0.30 inches (0.76 cm).

[0135] In some embodiments, the sole radius of curvature 412 may range from approximately 0.25 to 0.50 inches (0.76 to 1.27 cm). For example, the sole radius of curvature 412 may be less than approximately 0.5 inches (1.27 cm), less than approximately 0.475 inches (1.21 cm), less than approximately 0.45 inches (1.14 cm), less than approximately 0.425 inches (1.08 cm), or less than approximately 0.40 inches (1.02 cm). In further examples, the sole radius of curvature 412 may be approximately 0.30 inches (0.76 cm), 0.35 inches (0.89 cm), 0.40 inches (1.02 cm), 0.45 inches (1.14 cm), or 0.50 inches (1.27 cm).

[0136] In some embodiments, the back radius of curvature 398 may range from approximately 0.10 to 0.25 inches (0.25 to 0.64 cm). For example, the back radius of curvature 398 may be less than approximately 0.3 inches (0.76 cm), less than approximately 0.275 inches (0.70 cm), less than approximately 0.25 inches (0.64 cm), less than approximately 0.225 inches (0.57 cm), or less than approximately 0.20 inches (0.51 cm). In further examples, the back radius of curvature 398 may be approximately 0.10 inches (0.25 cm), 0.15 inches (0.38 cm), 0.20 inches (0.51 cm), or 0.25 inches (0.64 cm). iii. Turbulator

[0137] Referring to Figure 7, in some embodiments, the club head 300 may further include a plurality of turbulators 414, as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 536,753, granted December 17, 2013, now U.S. Patent No. 8,608,587, whose content is fully incorporated herein, and is titled “Golf Club Head with Turbulator and Method for Manufacturing a Golf Club Head”. In many embodiments, the plurality of turbulators 414 disturb the airflow, thereby creating small vortices or turbulence within the boundary layer, energizing the boundary layer and delaying the separation of airflow over the crown 316 during the swing.

[0138] In some embodiments, multiple turbulators 414 may be adjacent to the crown transition point 594 of the club head 300. The multiple turbulators 414 project from the outer surface of the crown 316 and include a length extending between the front end 308 and the back end 310 of the club head 300, and a width extending from the heel 320 to the toe 322 of the club head 300. In many embodiments, the length of the multiple turbulators 414 is greater than the width. In some embodiments, the multiple turbulators 414 may have the same width. In some embodiments, the multiple turbulators 414 may have a varying height profile. In some embodiments, the multiple turbulators 414 may be taller towards the apex of the crown 316 compared to the front of the crown 316. In other embodiments, the multiple turbulators 414 may be taller towards the front of the crown 316 and shorter towards the apex of the crown 316. In other embodiments, the multiple turbulators 414 may have a constant height profile. Furthermore, in many embodiments, at least a portion of at least one turbulator is positioned between the striking surface 304 and the apex of the crown 316, and the spacing between adjacent turbulators is greater than the width of each adjacent turbulator. iv. Back Cavity

[0139] Referring to Figures 8 and 9, in some embodiments, the club head 300 may further include a cavity 420 located at the back end 310 and trailing edge 328 of the club head 300. The cavity 420 is similar to the cavity described in U.S. Patent Application No. 14 / 882,092, granted November 15, 2016, which is fully incorporated in this application and whose content is titled “Golf Club Head and Aerodynamic Features and Related Methods”. In many embodiments, the cavity 420 can break down vortices generated behind the golf club head 300 into smaller vortices, reducing the size of the turbulence and / or reducing drag. In some embodiments, by splitting the vortices into smaller vortices, a high-pressure region can be generated behind the golf club head 300. In some embodiments, this high-pressure region can push the golf club head 300 forward, reducing drag and / or improving the aerodynamic design of the golf club head 300. In many embodiments, the net effect of smaller vortices and reduced drag is an increase in the speed of the golf club head 300. This effect can result in the golf ball leaving the clubface 304 faster after impact, potentially increasing the ball's flight distance.

[0140] In many embodiments, the cavity 420 includes a rear wall 422 oriented perpendicular to the X'Z' plane, and further includes a width, depth 424, and height 426 measured in the direction from heel 320 to toe 322. The width of the cavity 420 may be about 1.0 inch (approximately 2.54 cm) to about 8 inches (approximately 20.32 cm), about 1.0 inch (approximately 2.54 cm) to about 2.25 inches (approximately 5.72 cm), or about 1.75 inches (approximately 4.5 cm) to about 2.25 inches (approximately 5.72 cm). For example, the width of the cavity 420 may be about 2.0 inches (5.08 cm), 3.0 inches (7.62 cm), 4.0 inches (10.16 cm), 5.0 inches (12.7 cm), 6.0 inches (15.24 cm), or 7.0 inches (17.78 cm). In some embodiments, the width of the cavity 420 may remain constant from near the top of the cavity 420 (towards the crown 316 of the club head 300) to near the bottom of the cavity 420 (towards the sole 318 of the club head 300). In other embodiments, the width of the cavity 420 may vary from near the top to near the bottom. In the embodiment shown in Figure 8, the width of the cavity 420 is greatest near the top and smallest near the bottom. In other embodiments, the width of the cavity 420 may vary according to an arbitrary contour. For example, in other embodiments, the width of the cavity 420 may be longest at the top, bottom, center, or any other arbitrary position extending from the top to the bottom of the cavity 420.

[0141] The depth 424 of the cavity 420 can be approximately 0.025 inches (approximately 0.127 cm) to approximately 0.250 inches (approximately 0.635 cm), or approximately 0.025 inches (approximately 0.127 cm) to approximately 0.150 inches (approximately 0.381 cm). For example, the depth 424 of the cavity 420 may be approximately 0.1 inches (approximately 0.254 cm), or approximately 0.05 inches (approximately 0.127 cm). In some embodiments, the depth 424 of the cavity 420 may remain constant between the heel and toe and / or between the top and bottom of the cavity 420. In other embodiments, the depth 424 of the cavity 420 may vary between the heel and toe and / or between the top and bottom of the cavity 420. For example, the depth 424 of the cavity 420 can be maximized near the heel, near the toe, near the crown, near the sole, near the center, or any combination of the listed locations.

[0142] The height 426 of the cavity 420 can be measured along the direction from the crown 316 to the sole 318. The height 426 of the cavity 420 may be approximately 0.19 inches (approximately 0.48 cm) to approximately 0.21 inches (approximately 0.53 cm). In some embodiments, the height 426 of the cavity 420 may be approximately 0.10 inches (approximately 0.25 cm) to approximately 0.50 inches (approximately 1.27 cm). In some embodiments, the height 426 of the cavity 420 may be approximately 0.10 inches (approximately 0.25 cm) to approximately 0.40 inches (approximately 1.02 cm). In some embodiments, the height 426 of the cavity 420 may be approximately 0.10 inches (approximately 0.25 cm) to approximately 0.30 inches (approximately 0.76 cm). In some embodiments, the height 426 of the cavity 420 may be approximately 0.10 inches (approximately 0.25 cm) to approximately 0.20 inches (approximately 0.51 cm). In some embodiments, the height 426 of the cavity 420 may remain constant between the heel and toe of the cavity 420. In other embodiments, the height 426 of the cavity 420 may vary between the heel and toe of the cavity 420. For example, the height 426 of the cavity 420 may be maximum near the heel, near the toe, near the center, or at any combination of the described locations. v. Hosel structure

[0143] In some embodiments, the hosel structure 330 may have a smaller outer diameter to reduce air resistance on the club head 300 during the swing compared to a similar club head having a larger diameter hosel structure. In many embodiments, the hosel structure 330 has an outer diameter of less than 0.545 inches. For example, the hosel structure 330 may have an outer diameter of less than 0.60 inches, less than 0.59 inches, less than 0.58 inches, less than 0.57 inches, less than 0.56 inches, less than 0.55 inches, less than 0.54 inches, less than 0.53 inches, less than 0.52 inches, less than 0.51 inches, or less than 0.50 inches. In many embodiments, the outer diameter of the hosel structure 330 is reduced while maintaining the adjustability of the loft angle and / or lie angle of the club head 300. vi. Projected area

[0144] In many embodiments, the club head 300 further includes a front projection area and a side projection area. The front projection area is the area of ​​the club head 300 visible from the front view and projected onto the X'Y' plane, as shown in Figure 1. The side projection area is the area of ​​the club head 300 visible from the side view and projected onto the Y'Z' plane.

[0145] In many embodiments, the frontal projected area of ​​the club head 300 is 0.00400 m². 2 ~0.00700m 2 It can be between 0.00655 m². For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the front projected area of ​​the club head is 0.00655 m². 2 In other embodiments, the front projected area is 0.00400 m². 2 ~0.00665m 2 During that time, 0.00400m 2 ~0.00675m 2 During that time, 0.00400m 2 ~0.00685m 2 Between, or 0.00400m 2~0.00695m 2 It could be between these two points.

[0146] In many embodiments, the lateral projection area of ​​the club head 300 is 0.00500 m². 2 ~0.00650m 2 It can be between 0.00579 m². For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the lateral projection area of ​​the club head is 0.00579 m². 2 In other embodiments, the side projection area is 0.00545 m². 2 ~0.00565m 2 During the interval, 0.00535m 2 ~0.00575m 2 During the interval, 0.00525m 2 ~0.00585m 2 During the interval, 0.00515m 2 ~0.00595m 2 It could be between these two points. Balance of CCG position, moment of inertia, and air resistance.

[0147] In current golf club head design, increasing or maximizing the moment of inertia and / or head CG position of the club head can negatively impact other performance characteristics of the club head, such as air resistance. The club head 300 described herein increases or maximizes the moment of inertia of the club head while simultaneously maintaining or reducing air resistance, as will be further described below. Thus, the club head 300, which improves impact performance characteristics (e.g., spin, launch angle, ball speed, and forgiveness), also balances or improves swing performance characteristics (e.g., air resistance, ability to square the club head at impact, and swing speed). II. Small-capacity driver-type club heads

[0148] According to another embodiment, the golf club head 500 may include a low volume and a low loft angle. In many embodiments, the golf club head 500 includes a driver-type club head. In other embodiments, the golf club head 500 may include any type of golf club head having the loft angle and volume as described herein. In many embodiments, the club head 500 includes the same or similar parameters as the club head 100, the parameters being described by a number obtained by adding 400 to the reference number of the club head 100.

[0149] In many embodiments, the loft angle of the club head 500 is less than approximately 16 degrees, less than approximately 15 degrees, less than approximately 14 degrees, less than approximately 13 degrees, less than approximately 12 degrees, less than approximately 11 degrees, or less than approximately 10 degrees. Furthermore, in many embodiments, the volume of the club head 500 is less than approximately 450cc, less than approximately 440cc, less than approximately 430cc, less than approximately 425cc, less than approximately 400cc, less than approximately 375cc, or less than approximately 350cc. In some embodiments, the volume of the club head may be about 300cc to 450cc, about 300cc to 400cc, about 325cc to 425cc, about 350cc to 450cc, about 400cc to 450cc, about 420cc to 450cc, or about 440cc to 450cc.

[0150] In many embodiments, the length 562 of the club head 500 is greater than 4.85 inches. In other embodiments, the length 562 of the club head 500 is greater than 4.5 inches, greater than 4.6 inches, greater than 4.7 inches, greater than 4.8 inches, greater than 4.9 inches, or greater than 5.0 inches. For example, in some embodiments, the length 562 of the club head 500 may be between 4.6 and 5.0 inches, between 4.7 and 5.0 inches, between 4.8 and 5.0 inches, between 4.85 and 5.0 inches, or between 4.9 and 5.0 inches.

[0151] In many embodiments, the depth 560 of the club head 500 is at least 0.70 inches less than the length 562 of the club head 500. In many embodiments, the depth 560 of the club head 500 is greater than 4.75 inches. In other embodiments, the depth 360 of the club head 500 is greater than 4.5 inches, greater than 4.6 inches, greater than 4.7 inches, greater than 4.8 inches, greater than 4.9 inches, or greater than 5.0 inches. For example, in some embodiments, the depth 560 of the club head 500 may be between 4.6 and 5.0 inches, between 4.7 and 5.0 inches, between 4.75 and 5.0 inches, between 4.8 and 5.0 inches, or between 4.9 and 5.0 inches.

[0152] In many embodiments, the height 564 of the club head is less than approximately 2.8 inches. In other embodiments, the height 564 of the club head 500 is less than 3.0 inches, less than 2.9 inches, less than 2.8 inches, less than 2.7 inches, or less than 2.6 inches. For example, in some embodiments, the height 564 of the club head 500 may be between 2.0 and 2.8 inches, between 2.2 and 2.8 inches, between 2.5 and 2.8 inches, or between 2.5 and 3.0 inches. Furthermore, in many embodiments, the face height 544 of the club head 500 can be between approximately 1.3 inches (33 mm) and approximately 2.8 inches (71 mm). Moreover, in many embodiments, the club head 500 may contain a mass of 185 grams to 225 grams.

[0153] The clubhead 500 further incorporates a balance of various additional parameters, including head CG position, clubhead moment of inertia, and air resistance, to provide both improved impact performance characteristics (e.g., spin, launch angle, velocity, forgiveness) and improved swing performance characteristics (e.g., air resistance, ability to square the clubhead at impact). In many embodiments, the balance of the parameters described below provides improved impact performance while maintaining or improving swing performance characteristics. Furthermore, in many embodiments, the balance of the parameters described below provides improved swing performance characteristics while maintaining or improving impact performance characteristics. A. Center of gravity and moment of inertia

[0154] In many embodiments, a low rearward clubhead CG and a high moment of inertia can be achieved by increasing and repositioning discretionary weights in the region of the clubhead where the distance from the head CG is greatest. As described above with respect to the head CG position, increased discretionary weights can be achieved by thinning the crown and / or using optimized materials. Repositioning discretionary weights to maximize the distance from the head CG can be achieved using removable weights, embedded weights, or a steep crown angle, as described above with respect to the head CG position.

[0155] In many embodiments, the club head 500 weighs approximately 3000 g·cm. 2 Larger, approximately 3250g·cm 2 Larger, approximately 3500g·cm 2 Larger, approximately 3750g·cm 2 Larger, approximately 4000g·cm 2 Larger, approximately 4250g·cm 2 Larger, approximately 4500g·cm 2 Larger, approximately 4750g·cm 2 Larger, approximately 5000g·cm 2 Larger, approximately 5250g·cm2 Larger, approximately 5500g·cm 2 Larger, approximately 5750g·cm 2 Larger, approximately 6000g·cm 2 Larger, approximately 6250g·cm 2 Larger, approximately 6500g·cm 2 Larger, approximately 6750g·cm 2 Larger, or approximately 7000g·cm 2 Includes a larger crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx.

[0156] In many embodiments, the club head 500 weighs approximately 5000 g·cm. 2 Larger, approximately 5250g·cm 2 Larger, approximately 5500g·cm 2 Larger, approximately 5750g·cm 2 Larger, approximately 6000g·cm 2 Larger, approximately 6250g·cm 2 Larger, approximately 6500g·cm 2 Larger, approximately 6750g·cm 2 Larger, or approximately 7000g·cm 2 Includes a larger heel-toe moment of inertia Iyy.

[0157] In many embodiments, the club head 500 has a weight of 8000 g·cm². 2 Larger than that, 8500g·cm 2 Larger than that, 8750g·cm 2 Larger than 9000g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9250g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9500g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9750g·cm 2 Larger than 10,000 g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10250g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10500g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10750g·cm 2 Larger than 11,000 g·cm 2 Larger than that, 11250g·cm 2Larger than that, 11500g·cm 2 Larger than that, 11750g·cm 2 Larger than, or 12000g·cm 2 It includes a combined moment of inertia (i.e., the sum of the crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx and the heel-toe moment of inertia Iyy) that is greater than [the given value].

[0158] In many embodiments, the club head 500 has a head CG height 574 of less than approximately 0.20 inches, less than approximately 0.15 inches, less than approximately 0.10 inches, less than approximately 0.09 inches, less than approximately 0.08 inches, less than approximately 0.07 inches, less than approximately 0.06 inches, or less than approximately 0.05 inches. Furthermore, in many embodiments, the club head 500 includes a head CG height 574 having an absolute value of less than approximately 0.20 inches, less than approximately 0.15 inches, less than approximately 0.10 inches, less than approximately 0.09 inches, less than approximately 0.08 inches, less than approximately 0.07 inches, less than approximately 0.06 inches, or less than approximately 0.05 inches.

[0159] In many embodiments, the club head 500 includes a head CG depth 572 which is greater than approximately 1.2 inches, greater than approximately 1.3 inches, greater than approximately 1.4 inches, greater than approximately 1.5 inches, greater than approximately 1.6 inches, greater than approximately 1.7 inches, greater than approximately 1.8 inches, greater than approximately 1.9 inches, or greater than approximately 2.0 inches.

[0160] In some embodiments, the club head 500 may include a first performance characteristic of 0.56 or less, where the first performance characteristic is defined as the ratio between (a) the difference between 72 mm and the face height 544, and (b) the head CG depth 572. In these embodiments or other embodiments, the club head 500 may include a second performance characteristic of 425 cc or more, where the second performance characteristic is defined as the sum of (a) the volume of the club head 500, and (b) the ratio between the absolute values ​​of the head CG depth 572 and the head CG height 574. In some embodiments, the second performance characteristic may be 450 cc or more, 475 cc or more, 490 cc or more, 495 cc or more, 500 cc or more, 505 cc or more, or 510 cc or more.

[0161] A club head 500 with a reduced head CG height 574 can reduce the backspin of the golf ball at impact compared to a similar club head with a higher head CG height. In many embodiments, reducing backspin can increase both ball speed and flight distance to improve the performance of the club head. Furthermore, a club head 500 with an increased head CG depth 572 can increase the heel-toe moment of inertia compared to a similar club head with a head CG depth closer to the hitting surface. Increasing the heel-toe moment of inertia can increase the forgiveness of the club head at impact to improve the performance of the club head. Moreover, a club head 500 with an increased head CG depth 572 can increase the launch angle of the golf ball at impact by increasing the dynamic loft of the club head at impact compared to a similar club head with a head CG depth closer to the hitting surface.

[0162] A head CG height of 574 and / or head CG depth of 572 can be achieved by reducing the weight of the club head in various areas, thereby increasing the discretionary weight, and by changing the discretionary weight in strategic areas of the club head to shift the head CG lower and further back. Various means for reducing and repositioning the weight of the club head are described below. i. Thin region

[0163] In some embodiments, the head CG height 574 and / or head CG depth 572 can be achieved by thinning various areas of the club head 500 and removing excess weight. Removing the excess weight results in increased discretionary weight that can be strategically repositioned in areas of the club head 500 to achieve a desired low, rearward club head CG position.

[0164] In many embodiments, the club head 500 may have one or more thin areas. These thin areas may be similar to or identical to one or more thin areas 376 of the club head 300. One or more thin areas may be located on the striking surface 504, the body 502, or a combination of the striking surface 504 and the body 502. Furthermore, one or more thin areas may be located on any area of ​​the body 502, including the crown 516, sole 518, heel 520, toe 522, front end 508, back end 510, skirt 528, or any combination of the described locations. For example, in some embodiments, one or more thin areas may be located on the crown 516. In further examples, one or more thin areas may be located on a combination of the striking surface 504 and the crown 516. In further examples, one or more thin areas may be located on a combination of the striking surface 504, the crown 516, and the sole 518. In further examples, the entire body 502 and / or the entire striking surface 504 may include thin areas.

[0165] In embodiments where one or more thin areas are placed on the striking surface 504, the thickness of the striking surface 504 can vary, with a maximum striking surface thickness and a minimum striking surface thickness. In these embodiments, the minimum striking surface thickness may be less than 0.10 inches, less than 0.09 inches, less than 0.08 inches, less than 0.07 inches, less than 0.06 inches, less than 0.05 inches, less than 0.04 inches, or less than 0.03 inches. In these or other embodiments, the maximum striking surface thickness may be less than 0.20 inches, less than 0.19 inches, less than 0.18 inches, less than 0.17 inches, less than 0.16 inches, less than 0.15 inches, less than 0.14 inches, less than 0.13 inches, less than 0.12 inches, less than 0.11 inches, or less than 0.10 inches.

[0166] In embodiments where one or more thin regions are located on the body 502, the thin regions may include a thickness of less than approximately 0.020 inches. In other embodiments, the thin regions include thicknesses of less than 0.025 inches, less than 0.020 inches, less than 0.019 inches, less than 0.018 inches, less than 0.017 inches, less than 0.016 inches, less than 0.015 inches, less than 0.014 inches, less than 0.013 inches, less than 0.012 inches, or less than 0.010 inches. For example, the thin regions may include thicknesses of approximately 0.010 to 0.025 inches, approximately 0.013 to 0.020 inches, approximately 0.014 to 0.020 inches, approximately 0.015 to 0.020 inches, approximately 0.016 to 0.020 inches, approximately 0.017 to 0.020 inches, or approximately 0.018 to 0.020 inches.

[0167] In the illustrated embodiment, the thin area varies in shape and position and covers approximately 25% of the surface area of ​​the club head 500. In other embodiments, the thin area can cover approximately 20-30%, 15-35%, 15-25%, 10-25%, 15-30%, or 20-50% of the surface area of ​​the club head 500. Furthermore, in other embodiments, the thin area can cover up to 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50% of the surface area of ​​the club head 500.

[0168] In many embodiments, the crown 516 may include one or more thin regions such that approximately 51% of the crown's surface area is a thin region. In other embodiments, the crown 516 may include one or more thin regions such that up to 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, or 75% of the crown is a thin region. For example, in some embodiments, approximately 40–60% of the crown may be a thin region. In further examples, in other embodiments, approximately 50–100%, 40–80%, 35–65%, 30–70%, or 25–75% of the crown 516 may be a thin region. In some embodiments, the crown 516 may include one or more thin regions, each of which is tapered. In this exemplary embodiment, one or more thin regions of the crown 516 extend in the heel-toe direction, and each of the one or more thin regions has a decreasing thickness in the direction from the striking surface 504 toward the back end 510.

[0169] In many embodiments, the sole 518 may include one or more thin areas such that about 64% of the sole 518's surface area includes thin areas. In other embodiments, the sole 518 may include one or more thin areas such that up to 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90% of the sole includes thin areas. For example, in some embodiments, about 40–60% of the sole may include thin areas. In further examples, in other embodiments, about 50–100%, 40–80%, 35–65%, 30–70%, or 25–75% of the sole 518 may include thin areas.

[0170] Thin regions can include any shape, such as a circle, triangle, square, rectangle, oval, or any other polygon or shape having at least one curved surface. Furthermore, one or more thin regions can be the same shape as the remaining thin regions, or different in shape.

[0171] In many embodiments, the club head 500 having a thin area can be manufactured using centrifugal casting. In these embodiments, centrifugal casting allows the club head 500 to have thinner walls than a club head manufactured using conventional casting. In other embodiments, the portion of the club head 500 having a thin area can be manufactured using other suitable methods such as punching, forging, or machining. In embodiments in which the portion of the club head 500 having a thin area is manufactured using punching, forging, or machining, the portions of the club head 500 can be joined using epoxy, tape, welding, mechanical fasteners, or other suitable methods. ii. Optimized materials

[0172] In some embodiments, the striking surface 504 and / or the body 502 may include an optimized material having increased specific strength and / or increased specific flexibility. Specific flexibility is measured as the ratio of the yield strength to the modulus of elasticity of the optimized material. Increasing specific strength and / or specific flexibility allows for thinning of a portion of the club head while maintaining durability.

[0173] In some embodiments, the first material of the striking surface 504 may be an optimized material as described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 399,929, entitled “Golf Club Head Having Optimized Material Properties”. In these or other embodiments, the first material, including an optimized titanium alloy, has a strength of approximately 900,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (224 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 910,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (227 MPa / g / cm²) 3) or more, approximately 920,000PSI / lb / in 3 (229 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 930,000PSI / lb / in 3 (232 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 940,000PSI / lb / in 3 (234 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 950,000PSI / lb / in 3 (237 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 960,000PSI / lb / in 3 (239 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 970,000PSI / lb / in 3 (242 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 980,000PSI / lb / in 3 (244 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 990,000PSI / lb / in 3 (247 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,000,000PSI / lb / in 3 (249 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,050,000PSI / lb / in 3 (262 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,100,000PSI / lb / in 3 (274 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, or approximately 1,150,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (286 MPa / g / cm²) 3 It can have a specific strength of ) or higher.

[0174] Furthermore, in these or other embodiments, the first material comprising the optimized titanium alloy may have a specific flexibility of about 0.0075 or more, about 0.0080 or more, about 0.0085 or more, about 0.0090 or more, about 0.0091 or more, about 0.0092 or more, about 0.0093 or more, about 0.0094 or more, about 0.0095 or more, about 0.0096 or more, about 0.0097 or more, about 0.0098 or more, about 0.0099 or more, about 0.0100 or more, about 0.0105 or more, about 0.0110 or more, about 0.0115 or more, or about 0.0120 or more.

[0175] In these or other embodiments, the first material, including an optimized steel alloy, has a strength of approximately 650,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (162 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 700,000PSI / lb / in 3 (174 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 750,000PSI / lb / in 3 (187 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 800,000PSI / lb / in 3 (199 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 810,000PSI / lb / in 3 (202 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 820,000PSI / lb / in 3 (204 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 830,000PSI / lb / in 3 (207 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 840,000PSI / lb / in 3 (209 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 850,000PSI / lb / in 3 (212 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 900,000PSI / lb / in 3 (224 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 950,000PSI / lb / in 3 (237 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,000,000PSI / lb / in 3 (249 MPa / g / cm²)3 ), approximately 1,050,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (262 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,100,000PSI / lb / in 3 (274 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,115,000PSI / lb / in 3 (278 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, or approximately 1,120,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (279 MPa / g / cm²) 3 It can have a specific strength of ) or higher.

[0176] Furthermore, in these or other embodiments, the first material, including the optimized steel alloy, can have a specific flexibility of about 0.0060 or more, about 0.0065 or more, about 0.0070 or more, about 0.0075, about 0.0080 or more, about 0.0085 or more, about 0.0090 or more, about 0.0095 or more, about 0.0100 or more, about 0.0105 or more, about 0.0110 or more, about 0.0115 or more, about 0.0120 or more, about 0.0125 or more, about 0.0130 or more, about 0.0135 or more, about 0.0140 or more, about 0.0145 or more, or about 0.0150 or more.

[0177] In these embodiments, the increased specific strength and / or increased specific flexibility of the optimized first material allows for thinning of the striking surface 504 or a portion thereof, as described above, while maintaining durability. By thinning the striking surface 504, the weight of the striking surface can be reduced, thereby increasing the discretionary weight strategically placed in other areas of the club head 500, which in turn allows the head CG to be positioned lower and further back, and / or increases the moment of inertia of the club head.

[0178] In some embodiments, the second material of the body 502 may be an optimized material as described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 399,929, entitled “Golf Club Head Having Optimized Material Properties”. In these or other embodiments, the second material, including an optimized titanium alloy, has a strength of approximately 730,500 PSI / lb / in 3 (182 MPa / g / cm²) 3 It can have a specific strength of 650,000 PSI / lb / in². For example, the specific strength of the optimized titanium alloy is approximately 650,000 PSI / lb / in². 3 (162 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 700,000PSI / lb / in 3 (174 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ), approximately 750,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (187 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 800,000PSI / lb / in 3 (199 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ), approximately 850,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (212 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 900,000PSI / lb / in 3 (224 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 950,000PSI / lb / in 3 (237 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,000,000PSI / lb / in 3 (249 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,050,000PSI / lb / in 3 (262 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more. Or approximately 1,100,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (272 MPa / g / cm²) 3 It could be more than )

[0179] Furthermore, in these or other embodiments, the second material comprising the optimized titanium alloy may have a specific flexibility of about 0.0060 or more, about 0.0065 or more, about 0.0070 or more, about 0.0075, about 0.0080 or more, about 0.0085 or more, about 0.0090 or more, about 0.0095 or more, about 0.0100 or more, about 0.0105 or more, about 0.0110 or more, about 0.0115 or more, or about 0.0120 or more.

[0180] In these or other embodiments, the second material, including optimized steel, has a yield of approximately 500,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (125 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 510,000PSI / lb / in 3 (127 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 520,000PSI / lb / in 3 (130 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 530,000PSI / lb / in 3 (132 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 540,000PSI / lb / in 3 (135 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 550,000PSI / lb / in 3 (137 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 560,000PSI / lb / in 3 (139 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 570,000PSI / lb / in 3 (142 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 580,000PSI / lb / in 3 (144 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 590,000PSI / lb / in 3 (147 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 600,000PSI / lb / in 3 (149 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 625,000PSI / lb / in 3 (156 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 675,000PSI / lb / in 3(168 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 725,000PSI / lb / in 3 (181 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 775,000PSI / lb / in 3 (193 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 825,000PSI / lb / in 3 (205 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 875,000PSI / lb / in 3 (218 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 925,000PSI / lb / in 3 (230 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 975,000PSI / lb / in 3 (243 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,025,000PSI / lb / in 3 (255 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,075PSI / lb / in 3 (268 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ), or approximately 1,125,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (280 MPa / g / cm²) 3 It can have a specific strength of ) or higher.

[0181] Furthermore, in these or other embodiments, the second material, including the optimized steel, can have a specific flexibility of about 0.0060 or more, about 0.0062 or more, about 0.0064 or more, about 0.0066 or more, about 0.0068 or more, about 0.0070 or more, about 0.0072 or more, about 0.0076 or more, about 0.0080 or more, about 0.0084 or more, about 0.0088 or more, about 0.0092 or more, about 0.0096 or more, about 0.0100 or more, about 0.0105 or more, about 0.0110 or more, about 0.0115 or more, about 0.0120 or more, about 0.0125 or more, about 0.0130 or more, about 0.0135 or more, about 0.0140 or more, about 0.0145 or more, or about 0.0150 or more.

[0182] In these embodiments, the increased specific strength and / or increased specific flexibility of the optimized second material allows for thinning of the body 502 or any part thereof while maintaining durability. Thinning the body 502 can reduce the weight of the club head, thereby increasing the discretionary weight that can be strategically placed in other areas of the club head 500, which in turn allows the head CG to be positioned lower and further back, and / or increases the moment of inertia of the club head. iii. Removable weights

[0183] In some embodiments, the club head 500 may include one or more weight structures 580, which include one or more removable weights 582. The one or more weight structures 580 and / or one or more removable weights 582 can be positioned toward the sole 518 and back end 510, thereby allowing discretionary weights to be positioned closer to the sole 518 and back end 510 of the club head, achieving a low, rearward head CG position. In many embodiments, the one or more weight structures 580 are removably receptive to one or more removable weights 582. In these embodiments, one or more removable weights 582 can be coupled to the one or more weight structures 580 using any suitable method such as threaded fasteners, adhesives, magnets, snap-fits, or any other mechanism capable of securing one or more removable weights to the one or more weight structures.

[0184] The weight structure 580 and / or removable weight 582 can be positioned relative to a clock grid 2000 (shown in Figure 3) which can be aligned with the striking surface 504 when viewed from a top view. The clock grid includes at least the 12 o'clock, 3 o'clock, 4 o'clock, 5 o'clock, 6 o'clock, 7 o'clock, 8 o'clock, and 9 o'clock rays. For example, the clock grid 2000 includes the 12 o'clock ray 2012 aligned with the geometric center 540 of the striking surface 504. The 12 o'clock ray 2012 is orthogonal to the X'Y' plane. The center of the clock grid 2000 can be positioned midpoint between the front end 508 and back end 510 of the club head 500 along the 12 o'clock ray 2012. In the same or other examples, when viewed from a bottom view, the clock grid center point 2010 can be centered close to the geometric center point of the golf club head 500. The clock grid 2000 also includes a 3 o'clock radial 2003 extending toward the heel 520 and a 9 o'clock radial 2009 extending toward the toe 522 of the clubhead 500.

[0185] In this embodiment, the weight perimeter 584 of the weight structure 580 is positioned toward the backend 510 and is at least partially bounded between the 4 o'clock radiation 2004 and the 8 o'clock radiation 2008 of the clock grid 2000, while the removable weight 582 located within the weight structure 580 is positioned between the 5 o'clock radiation 2005 and the 7 o'clock radiation 2007. In examples like this, the weight perimeter 584 is completely enclosed between the 4 o'clock radiation 2004 and the 8 o'clock radiation 2008. In this example, the weight perimeter 584 is defined outside the club head 500, but there may be other examples in which the weight perimeter 584 extends inside the club head 500 or is defined within the club head 500. In some examples, the position of the weight structure 580 can be established over a wider area. For example, in such an example, the weight perimeter 584 of the weight structure 580 can be positioned toward a backend 510 that is at least partially bounded between the 4 o'clock radiation 2004 and the 9 o'clock radiation 2009 of the clock grid 2000, while the weight center 586 may be located between the 5 o'clock radiation 2005 and the 8 o'clock radiation 2008.

[0186] In this example, the weight structure 580 protrudes from the external contour of the sole 518 and is therefore at least partially external to allow for greater adjustment of the head CG 570. In some examples, the weight structure 580 may contain a mass of approximately 2 grams to approximately 50 grams and / or a volume of approximately 1 cc to approximately 30 cc. In other examples, the weight structure 580 may remain coplanar with the external contour of the body 502.

[0187] In many embodiments, the removable weight 582 may contain a mass of approximately 0.5 grams to approximately 30 grams and can be replaced with one or more other similar removable weights to adjust the position of the head CG 570. In the same or other examples, the weight center 586 may include at least one of the center of gravity of the removable weight 582 and / or the geometric center 582 of the removable weight. iv. Embedded weights

[0188] In some embodiments, the clubhead 500 may include one or more embedded weights to achieve a low, rearward head CG position by positioning discretionary weights on the sole 518, within the skirt 528, and / or near the back end 510 of the clubhead 500. One or more embedded weights of the clubhead 500 may be similar to or identical to one or more embedded weights 383 of the clubhead 300. In many embodiments, one or more embedded weights are permanently fixed to or within the clubhead 500. In these embodiments, the embedded weights may be similar to the high-density metal pieces (HDMP) described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 372,870, titled “Embedded High-Density Castings”.

[0189] In many embodiments, one or more embedded weights are positioned near the back end 510 of the club head 500. For example, the weight center of an embedded weight may be located between the 5 o'clock radiation 2005 and the 7 o'clock radiation 2007 of the clock grid 2000, or between the 5 o'clock radiation 2005 and the 8 o'clock radiation 2008. In many embodiments, one or more embedded weights may be positioned near the back end of the club head on the skirt, near the back end of the club head on the sole, or near the back end of the club head on both the skirt and the sole.

[0190] In many embodiments, the weight centers of one or more embedded weights are positioned within 0.10 inches, 0.20 inches, 0.30 inches, 0.40 inches, 0.50 inches, 0.60 inches, 0.70 inches, 0.80 inches, 0.90 inches, 1.0 inch, 1.1 inches, 1.2 inches, 1.3 inches, 1.4 inches, or 1.5 inches around the club head 500 when viewed from above. In these embodiments, the proximity of the embedded weights to the periphery of the club head 500 maximizes a low, rearward head CG position, crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx, and / or heel-toe moment of inertia Iyy.

[0191] In many embodiments, the weight centers of one or more embedded weights are positioned at a distance greater than 1.6 inches, greater than 1.7 inches, greater than 1.8 inches, greater than 1.9 inches, greater than 2.0 inches, greater than 2.1 inches, greater than 2.2 inches, greater than 2.3 inches, greater than 2.4 inches, greater than 2.5 inches, greater than 2.6 inches, greater than 2.7 inches, greater than 2.8 inches, greater than 2.9 inches, or greater than 3.0 inches from the head CG570.

[0192] In many embodiments, the weight centers of one or more embedded weights are positioned at a distance greater than 4.0 inches, greater than 4.1 inches, greater than 4.2 inches, greater than 4.3 inches, greater than 4.4 inches, greater than 4.5 inches, greater than 4.6 inches, greater than 4.7 inches, greater than 4.8 inches, greater than 4.9 inches, or greater than 5.0 inches from the geometric center 540 of the striking surface 504.

[0193] In many embodiments, one or more embedded weights may have a mass of 3.0 to 70 grams. For example, in some embodiments, one or more embedded weights may have a mass of 3.0 to 25 grams, 10 to 30 grams, 20 to 40 grams, 30 to 50 grams, 40 to 60 grams, or 50 to 70 grams. In embodiments where one or more embedded weights include two or more weights, each of the embedded weights may have the same or different masses.

[0194] In many embodiments, one or more embedded weights may include materials having a specific gravity between 10.0 and 22.0. For example, in many embodiments, one or more embedded weights may include materials having a specific gravity greater than 10.0, greater than 11.0, greater than 12.0, greater than 13.0, greater than 14.0, greater than 15.0, greater than 16.0, greater than 16.0, greater than 17.0, greater than 18.0, or greater than 19.0. In embodiments where one or more embedded weights include two or more weights, each of the embedded weights may include the same or different materials. v. Steep crown angle

[0195] In some embodiments, the golf club head 500 may further include a steep crown angle 588 to achieve a low rearward position of the head CG. The steep crown angle 588 positions the back end of the crown 516 toward the sole or the ground, thereby lowering the club head CG position.

[0196] The crown angle 588 is measured as the acute angle between the crown axis 1090 and the front surface 1020. In these embodiments, the crown axis 1090 is located within the cross-section of the club head as viewed along a plane perpendicular to the ground surface 1030 and the front surface 1020. The crown axis 1090 can be further described with reference to the upper transition boundary and the rear transition boundary.

[0197] The club head 500 includes an upper transition boundary extending from near the heel 520 to near the toe 522 between the front end 508 and the crown 516. The upper transition boundary includes a crown transition profile 590 as viewed from a side section taken along a plane perpendicular to the front surface 1020 and perpendicular to the ground surface 1030 when the club head 500 is in the address position. The side section can be taken at any point on the club head 500 from near the heel 520 to near the toe 522. The crown transition profile 590 defines a front radius of curvature 592 extending from the front end 508 of the club head 500 to the crown transition point 594, where the front end 508 of the club head 500 is the portion of the contour that deviates from the undulation and / or bulge range of the striking surface 504, and the crown transition point 594 indicates the change in curvature from the front radius of curvature 592 to the curvature of the crown 516. In some embodiments, the front radius of curvature 592 includes a single radius of curvature extending from the upper end 593 of the striking surface perimeter 542 near the crown 516 to the crown transition point 594, where the upper end 593 of the striking surface perimeter 542 near the crown 516 is the portion where the contour deviates from the undulation and / or bulging range of the striking surface 504, and the crown transition point 594 indicates a change in curvature from the front radius of curvature 592 to one or more different curvatures of the crown 516.

[0198] The clubhead 500 further includes a rear transition boundary extending between the crown 516 and the skirt 528 from near the heel 520 to near the toe 522. The rear transition boundary includes a rear transition profile 596 as viewed from a side section view taken along a plane perpendicular to the front surface 1020 and perpendicular to the ground surface 1030 when the clubhead 500 is in the address position. The section view can be taken at any point on the clubhead 500 from near the heel 520 to near the toe 522. The rear transition profile 596 defines a back radius of curvature 598 extending from the crown 516 to the skirt 528 of the clubhead 500. In many embodiments, the back radius of curvature 598 includes a single radius of curvature that transitions the crown 516 along the rear transition boundary to the skirt 528 of the clubhead 500. A first rear transition point 602 is located at the connection between the crown 516 and the rear transition boundary. The second rear transition point 603 is located at the connection point between the rear transition boundary of the club head 500 and the skirt 528.

[0199] The front radius of curvature 592 of the upper transition boundary may remain constant, or it may vary from near the heel 520 to near the toe 522 of the club head 500. Similarly, the back radius of curvature 598 of the rear transition boundary may remain constant, or it may vary from near the heel 520 to near the toe 522 of the club head 500.

[0200] The crown axis 1090 extends between the crown transition point 594 near the front end 508 of the club head 500 and the rear transition point 602 near the back end 510 of the club head 500. The crown angle 588 may remain constant or may vary from near the heel 520 to near the toe 522 of the club head 500. For example, the crown angle 588 may vary when the side cross-section is taken at different positions relative to the heel 520 and toe 522.

[0201] In the illustrated embodiment, the crown angle 588 near the toe 522 is approximately 72.25 degrees, the crown angle 588 near the heel 520 is approximately 64.5 degrees, and the crown angle 588 near the center of the golf club head is approximately 64.2 degrees. In many embodiments, the maximum crown angle 588 taken at any position from near the toe 522 to near the heel 520 is less than 79 degrees, less than approximately 78 degrees, less than approximately 77 degrees, less than approximately 76 degrees, less than approximately 75 degrees, less than approximately 74 degrees, less than approximately 73 degrees, less than approximately 72 degrees, less than approximately 71 degrees, less than approximately 70 degrees, less than approximately 69 degrees, or less than approximately 68 degrees. For example, in some embodiments, the maximum crown angle is between 50 and 79 degrees, 60 and 79 degrees, or 70 and 79 degrees.

[0202] In other embodiments, the crown angle 588 near the toe 522 of the club head 500 may be less than approximately 79 degrees, less than approximately 78 degrees, less than approximately 77 degrees, less than approximately 76 degrees, less than approximately 75 degrees, less than approximately 74 degrees, less than approximately 73 degrees, less than approximately 72 degrees, less than approximately 71 degrees, less than approximately 70 degrees, less than approximately 69 degrees, or less than approximately 68 degrees. For example, the crown angle 588 taken along a side cross-section positioned about 1.0 inch from the geometric center 540 of the striking surface 504 toward the toe 522 may be less than 79 degrees, less than 78 degrees, less than 77 degrees, 76 degrees, less than 75 degrees, less than 74 degrees, less than 73 degrees, less than 72 degrees, less than 71 degrees, less than 70 degrees, less than 69 degrees, or less than 68 degrees.

[0203] Furthermore, in other embodiments, the crown angle 588 near the heel 520 may be less than approximately 70 degrees, less than approximately 69 degrees, less than approximately 68 degrees, less than approximately 67 degrees, less than approximately 66 degrees, less than approximately 65 degrees, less than approximately 64 degrees, less than approximately 63 degrees, less than approximately 62 degrees, less than approximately 61 degrees, less than approximately 60 degrees, or less than approximately 59 degrees. For example, the crown angle 588 taken along a side cross-sectional view positioned about 1.0 inch from the geometric center 540 of the striking surface 504 toward the heel 520 may be less than approximately 70 degrees, less than approximately 69 degrees, less than approximately 68 degrees, less than approximately 67 degrees, less than approximately 66 degrees, less than approximately 65 degrees, less than approximately 64 degrees, less than approximately 63 degrees, less than approximately 62 degrees, less than approximately 61 degrees, less than approximately 60 degrees, or less than approximately 59 degrees.

[0204] Furthermore, in other embodiments, the crown angle 588 near the center of the club head 500 may be less than 75 degrees, less than 74 degrees, less than 73 degrees, less than 72 degrees, less than 71 degrees, less than approximately 70 degrees, less than approximately 69 degrees, less than approximately 68 degrees, less than approximately 67 degrees, less than approximately 66 degrees, less than approximately 65 degrees, less than approximately 64 degrees, less than approximately 63 degrees, less than approximately 62 degrees, less than approximately 61 degrees, less than approximately 60 degrees, or less than approximately 59 degrees. For example, the crown angle 588 taken along a side cross-section located approximately at the geometric center 540 of the striking surface 504 may be less than approximately 70 degrees, less than approximately 69 degrees, less than approximately 68 degrees, less than approximately 67 degrees, less than approximately 66 degrees, less than approximately 65 degrees, less than approximately 64 degrees, less than approximately 63 degrees, less than approximately 62 degrees, less than approximately 61 degrees, less than approximately 60 degrees, or less than approximately 59 degrees.

[0205] In many embodiments, reducing the crown angle 588 compared to the current clubhead produces a steeper crown or a crown positioned closer to the ground plane 1030 when the clubhead 500 is in the address position. Thus, reducing the crown angle 588 can result in a lower head CG position compared to a clubhead with a higher crown angle. vi. Hosel sleeve weight

[0206] In some embodiments, the head CG height 174 and / or head CG depth 172 can be achieved by reducing the mass of the hosel sleeve 534. Removing the excess weight from the hosel sleeve 534 allows the increased discretionary weight to be strategically redistributed in the area of ​​the club head 500 to achieve the desired low rearward club head CG position.

[0207] Reducing the mass of the hosel sleeve 534 can be achieved by thinning the sleeve wall, reducing the height of the hosel sleeve 534, reducing the diameter of the hosel sleeve 534, and / or introducing a gap in the wall of the hosel sleeve 534. In many embodiments, the mass of the hosel sleeve 534 may be less than 6 grams, less than 5.5 grams, less than 5.0 grams, less than 4.5 grams, or less than 4.0 grams. In many embodiments, a club head 500 with a reduced-mass hosel sleeve results in a lower (closer to the sole) and more rearward (closer to the backend) club head CG position than a similar club head with a heavier hosel sleeve. B. Air resistance

[0208] In many embodiments, the club head 500 includes a combination of a low, rearward CG position of the club head and an increased moment of inertia of the club head, along with reduced aerodynamic drag.

[0209] In many embodiments, the club head 500 experiences air resistance of less than approximately 1.3 lbf, less than 1.425 lbf, less than 1.2 lbf, less than 1.15 lbf, less than 1.1 lbf, less than 1.05 lbf, or less than 1.0 lbf when tested in a wind tunnel with a square face and a wind speed of 102 mph. In these or other embodiments, the club head 500 experiences air resistance of less than approximately 1.3 lbf, less than 1.425 lbf, less than 1.2 lbf, less than 1.15 lbf, less than 1.1 lbf, less than 1.05 lbf, or less than 1.0 lbf in computational fluid dynamics calculations with a square face and a wind speed of 102 mph. In these embodiments, the airflow experienced by the club head 500 with a square face is directed towards the striking surface 504 in a direction perpendicular to the X'Y' plane. As described below, a club head 500 with reduced air resistance can be achieved by various means. i. Crown angle and height

[0210] In some embodiments, reducing the crown angle 588 to form a steeper crown and a lower head CG position may result in an undesirable increase in aerodynamic drag because it increases the separation of airflow over the crown during the swing. To prevent the increase in drag associated with the decrease in crown angle 588, the maximum crown height 604 can be increased. The maximum crown height 604 is the maximum distance between the surface of the crown 516 and the crown axis 1090 as seen in any side cross-sectional view of the club head 500 along a plane parallel to the Y'Z' plane. In many embodiments, a larger maximum crown height 604 results in a crown 516 with greater curvature. The greater the curvature of the crown 516, the further the point of airflow separation during the swing moves behind the club head 500. In other words, greater curvature allows the airflow to remain in contact with the club head 500 for a longer distance along the crown 516 during the swing. Moving the point of airflow separation backward on the crown 516 reduces aerodynamic drag and increases the swing speed of the club head, which may increase the speed and distance of the ball.

[0211] In many embodiments, the maximum crown height 404 may be greater than approximately 0.20 inches (5 mm), greater than approximately 0.30 inches (7.5 mm), greater than approximately 0.40 inches (10 mm), greater than approximately 0.50 inches (12.5 mm), greater than approximately 0.60 inches (15 mm), greater than approximately 0.70 inches (17.5 mm), greater than approximately 0.80 inches (20 mm), greater than approximately 0.90 inches (22.5 mm), or greater than approximately 1.0 inch (25 mm). Furthermore, in other embodiments, the maximum crown height may be in the range of 0.20 inches (5 mm) to 0.60 inches (15 mm), 0.40 inches (10 mm) to 0.80 inches (20 mm), or 0.60 inches (15 mm) to 1.0 inch (25 mm). For example, in some embodiments, the maximum crown height 404 may be approximately 0.52 inches (13.3 mm), approximately 0.54 inches (13.8 mm), approximately 0.59 inches (15 mm), approximately 0.65 inches (16.5 mm), or approximately 0.79 inches (20 mm). ii. Transition Profile

[0212] In many embodiments, the transition profiles from the striking surface 504 to the crown 516, from the striking surface 504 to the sole 518, and / or from the crown 516 to the sole 518 along the back end 510 of the clubhead 500, affect the air resistance on the clubhead 500 during the swing.

[0213] In some embodiments, a club head 500 having an upper transition boundary defining a crown transition profile 590 and a rear transition boundary defining a rear transition profile 596 further includes a sole transition boundary defining a sole transition profile 610. The sole transition boundary extends between the front end 508 and the sole 518 from near the heel 520 to near the toe 522. The sole transition boundary includes the sole transition profile 610 as viewed from a side section view along a plane parallel to the Y'Z' plane. The side section view can be taken along any point on the club head 500 from near the heel 520 to near the toe 522. The sole transition profile 610 defines a sole radius of curvature 612 extending from the front end 508 of the club head 500 to a sole transition point 614, where the front end 508 of the club head 500 is the portion where the contour deviates from the undulation and / or bulge range of the striking surface 504, and the sole transition point 614 indicates a change in curvature from the radius of curvature 612 of the sole to the curvature of the sole 518. In some embodiments, the sole radius of curvature 612 includes a single radius of curvature extending from the bottom end 613 of the striking surface perimeter 542 near the sole 518 to the sole transition point 614, where the bottom end 613 of the striking surface perimeter 542 near the sole 518 is the portion where the contour deviates from the undulation and / or bulge range, and the sole transition point 614 indicates a change in curvature from the radius of curvature 612 of the sole to the curvature of the sole 614.

[0214] In many embodiments, the crown transition profile 590, the sole transition profile 610, and the rear transition profile 596 may be similar to the crown transition profile, sole transition profile, and rear transition profile described in U.S. Patent No. 15 / 233,486, entitled “Golf Club Head Having Transition Profiles for Reducing Aerodynamic Drag”. Furthermore, the front radius of curvature 592, the sole radius of curvature 612, and the back radius of curvature 398 may be similar to the first crown-side radius of curvature, the first sole-side radius of curvature, and the back radius of curvature described in U.S. Patent No. 15 / 233,486, entitled “Golf Club Head Having Transition Profiles for Reducing Aerodynamic Drag”.

[0215] In some embodiments, the front radius of curvature 592 may range from approximately 0.18 to 0.30 inches (0.46 to 0.76 cm). Furthermore, in other embodiments, the front radius of curvature 592 may be less than 0.40 inches (1.02 cm), less than 0.375 inches (0.95 cm), less than 0.35 inches (0.89 cm), less than 0.325 inches (0.83 cm), or less than 0.30 inches (0.76 cm). For example, the front radius of curvature 592 may be approximately 0.18 inches (0.46 cm), 0.20 inches (0.51 cm), 0.22 inches (0.66 cm), 0.24 inches (0.61 cm), 0.26 inches (0.66 cm), 0.28 inches (0.71 cm), or 0.30 inches (0.76 cm).

[0216] In some embodiments, the sole radius of curvature 612 may range from approximately 0.25 to 0.50 inches (0.76 to 1.27 cm). For example, the sole radius of curvature 612 may be less than approximately 0.5 inches (1.27 cm), less than approximately 0.475 inches (1.21 cm), less than approximately 0.45 inches (1.14 cm), less than approximately 0.425 inches (1.08 cm), or less than approximately 0.40 inches (1.02 cm). In further examples, the sole radius of curvature 612 may be approximately 0.30 inches (0.76 cm), 0.35 inches (0.89 cm), 0.40 inches (1.02 cm), 0.45 inches (1.14 cm), or 0.50 inches (1.27 cm).

[0217] In some embodiments, the back radius of curvature 598 may range from approximately 0.10 to 0.25 inches (0.25 to 0.64 cm). For example, the back radius of curvature 598 may be less than approximately 0.3 inches (0.76 cm), less than approximately 0.275 inches (0.70 cm), less than approximately 0.25 inches (0.64 cm), less than approximately 0.225 inches (0.57 cm), or less than approximately 0.20 inches (0.51 cm). In further examples, the back radius of curvature 598 may be approximately 0.10 inches (0.25 cm), 0.15 inches (0.38 cm), 0.20 inches (0.51 cm), or 0.25 inches (0.64 cm). iii. Turbulator

[0218] In some embodiments, the club head 500 may further include a plurality of turbulators 614, as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 536,753, granted December 17, 2013, now U.S. Patent No. 8,608,587, whose content is fully incorporated herein, and is titled “Golf Club Head with Turbulators and Method for Manufacturing a Golf Club Head.” In many embodiments, the plurality of turbulators 614 disturb the airflow, thereby creating small vortices or turbulence within the boundary layer, energizing the boundary layer and delaying the separation of airflow over the crown during the swing.

[0219] In some embodiments, multiple turbulators 614 may be adjacent to the crown transition point 794 of the club head 500. The multiple turbulators 614 project from the outer surface of the crown 516 and include a length extending between the front end 508 and the back end 510 of the club head 500, and a width extending from the heel 520 to the toe 522 of the club head 500. In many embodiments, the length of the multiple turbulators 614 is greater than the width. In some embodiments, the multiple turbulators 614 may have the same width. In some embodiments, the multiple turbulators 614 may have a varying height profile. In some embodiments, the multiple turbulators 614 may be taller towards the apex of the crown 516 compared to the front of the crown 516. In other embodiments, the multiple turbulators 614 may be taller towards the front of the crown 516 and shorter towards the apex of the crown 516. In other embodiments, the multiple turbulators 614 may have a constant height profile. Furthermore, in many embodiments, at least a portion of at least one turbulator is positioned between the striking surface 504 and the apex of the crown 516, and the spacing between adjacent turbulators is greater than the width of each adjacent turbulator. iv. Back Cavity

[0220] In some embodiments, the club head 500 may further include a cavity 620 located at the back end 510 and trailing edge 528 of the club head 500. In some embodiments, the cavity may be equivalent to a cavity 420 on the club head 300. Furthermore, the cavity is similar to the cavity described in U.S. Patent Application No. 14 / 882,092, entitled “Golf Club Head and Aerodynamic Features and Related Methods”. In many embodiments, the cavity 620 can break down vortices generated behind the golf club head 500 into smaller vortices, reducing the size of the turbulence and / or reducing drag. In some embodiments, by splitting the vortices into smaller vortices, a high-pressure region can be generated behind the golf club head 500. In some embodiments, this high-pressure region can push the golf club head 500 forward, reducing drag and / or improving the aerodynamic design of the golf club head 500. In many embodiments, the net effect of smaller vortices and reduced drag is an increase in the speed of the golf club head 500. This effect could increase the speed at which the golf ball leaves the clubface after impact, potentially increasing the ball's flight distance.

[0221] In many embodiments, the cavity 620 may include a rear wall 622 similar to the rear wall 422, oriented perpendicular to the X'Z' plane, and may further include a width 624 (similar to the depth 424 of the cavity 420) and a height 626 (similar to the height 426 of the cavity 420) measured in the direction from the heel 520 to the toe 522. The width of the cavity 620 may be about 1.0 inch (approximately 2.54 cm) to about 8 inches (approximately 20.32 cm), about 1.0 inch (approximately 2.54 cm) to about 2.25 inches (approximately 5.72 cm), or about 1.75 inches (approximately 4.5 cm) to about 2.25 inches (approximately 5.72 cm). For example, the width of the cavity 420 may be approximately 2.0 inches (5.08 cm), 3.0 inches (7.62 cm), 4.0 inches (10.16 cm), 5.0 inches (12.7 cm), 6.0 inches (15.24 cm), or 7.0 inches (17.78 cm). In some embodiments, the width of the cavity 620 may remain constant from near the top of the cavity 620 (towards the crown 516 of the club head 500) to near the bottom of the cavity 620 (towards the sole 518 of the club head 500). In other embodiments, the width of the cavity 620 may vary from near the top to near the bottom. In some embodiments, the width of the cavity may be largest near the top and smallest near the bottom. In other embodiments, the width of the cavity may vary according to an arbitrary contour. For example, in other embodiments, the width of the cavity can be longest at the top, bottom, center, or any other point extending from the top to the bottom of the cavity.

[0222] The depth 624 of cavity 620 can be approximately 0.025 inches (approximately 0.127 cm) to approximately 0.250 inches (approximately 0.635 cm), or approximately 0.025 inches (approximately 0.127 cm) to approximately 0.150 inches (approximately 0.381 cm). For example, the depth 624 of cavity 620 may be approximately 0.1 inches (approximately 0.254 cm), or approximately 0.05 inches (approximately 0.127 cm). In some embodiments, the depth of the cavity may remain constant between the heel and toe and / or between the top and bottom of the cavity. In other embodiments, the depth of the cavity may vary between the heel and toe and / or between the top and bottom of the cavity. For example, the depth of the cavity may be maximum near the heel, near the toe, near the crown, near the sole, near the center, or in any combination of the described locations.

[0223] The height 626 of the cavity 620 can be measured along the direction from the crown 516 to the sole 518. The height 626 of the cavity 620 may be approximately 0.19 inches (approximately 0.48 cm) to approximately 0.21 inches (approximately 0.53 cm). In some embodiments, the height 826 of the cavity 820 may be approximately 0.10 inches (approximately 0.25 cm) to approximately 0.50 inches (approximately 1.27 cm). In some embodiments, the height 626 of the cavity 620 may be approximately 0.10 inches (approximately 0.25 cm) to approximately 0.40 inches (approximately 1.02 cm). In some embodiments, the height 626 of the cavity 620 may be approximately 0.10 inches (approximately 0.25 cm) to approximately 0.30 inches (approximately 0.76 cm). In some embodiments, the height 626 of the cavity 620 may be about 0.10 inches (about 0.25 cm) to about 0.20 inches (about 0.51 cm). In some embodiments, the height of the cavity may remain constant between the heel and toe of the cavity. In other embodiments, the height of the cavity may vary between the heel and toe of the cavity. For example, the height of the cavity may be maximum near the heel, near the toe, near the center, or at any combination of the described locations. v. Hosel structure

[0224] In some embodiments, the hosel structure 530 may have a smaller outer diameter to reduce air resistance on the club head 500 during the swing compared to a similar club head having a larger diameter hosel structure. In many embodiments, the hosel structure 530 has an outer diameter of less than 0.545 inches. For example, the hosel structure 530 may have an outer diameter of less than 0.60 inches, less than 0.59 inches, less than 0.58 inches, less than 0.57 inches, less than 0.56 inches, less than 0.55 inches, less than 0.54 inches, less than 0.53 inches, less than 0.52 inches, less than 0.51 inches, or less than 0.50 inches. In many embodiments, the outer diameter of the hosel structure 530 is reduced while maintaining the adjustability of the loft angle and / or lie angle of the club head 500. vi. Projected area

[0225] In many embodiments, the club head 500 further includes a front projection area and a side projection area. The front projection area is the area of ​​the club head 500 visible from the front view and projected onto the X'Y' plane, as shown in Figure 1. The side projection area is the area of ​​the club head 500 visible from the side view and projected onto the Y'Z' plane.

[0226] In many embodiments, the frontal projected area of ​​the club head 500 is 0.00400 m². 2 ~0.00700m 2 It can be between 0.00655 m². For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the front projected area of ​​the club head is 0.00655 m². 2 In other embodiments, the front projected area is 0.00400 m². 2 ~0.00665m 2 During that time, 0.00400m 2 ~0.00675m 2 During that time, 0.00400m 2 ~0.00685m 2 Between, or 0.00400m 2 ~0.00695m 2 It could be between these two points.

[0227] In many embodiments, the lateral projection area of ​​the club head 500 is 0.00500 m². 2 ~0.00650m 2 It can be between 0.00579 m². For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the lateral projection area of ​​the club head is 0.00579 m². 2 In other embodiments, the side projection area is 0.00545 m². 2 ~0.00565m 2 During the interval, 0.00535m 2 ~0.00575m 2 During the interval, 0.00525m 2 ~0.00585m 2 During the interval, 0.00515m 2 ~0.00595m 2 It could be between these two points. Balance of CCG position, moment of inertia, and air resistance.

[0228] In current golf club head designs, increasing or maximizing the moment of inertia and / or head CG position of the club head can negatively impact other performance characteristics of the club head, such as air resistance. The club head 500 described herein increases or maximizes the moment of inertia of the club head while simultaneously maintaining or reducing air resistance. Thus, the club head 500, which improves impact performance characteristics (e.g., spin, launch angle, ball speed, and forgiveness), also balances or improves swing performance characteristics (e.g., air resistance, ability to square the club head at impact, and swing speed).

[0229] In the clubhead 300 and 500 examples described below, the air resistance of the clubhead is measured using computational fluid dynamics simulations for the front end of the clubhead, which is square to the airflow at an air velocity of 102 miles per hour (mph). In other embodiments, air resistance can be measured using other methods, such as wind tunnel testing.

[0230] In many known golf club heads, increasing or maximizing the moment of inertia of the club head negatively impacts air resistance. Figures 10A-C show that for many known club heads with similar volume and / or loft angles as the club head 300 or club head 500, increasing the moment of inertia of the club head (to increase the tolerance of the club head) increases drag during the swing (thus decreasing swing speed and ball flight distance).

[0231] For example, as shown in Figure 10A, for many known club heads, the drag force increases as the moment of inertia around the x-axis increases. As a further example, referring to Figure 10B, for many known club heads, the drag force increases as the moment of inertia around the y-axis increases. As a further example, referring to Figure 10C for many known club heads, the drag force increases as the combined moment of inertia (i.e., the sum of the moment of inertia around the x-axis and the moment of inertia around the y-axis) increases.

[0232] The clubheads 300 and 500 described herein increase or maximize the moment of inertia of the clubhead while simultaneously maintaining or reducing air resistance, compared to known clubheads having similar volume and / or loft angles. Thus, the clubheads 300 and 500, having improved impact performance characteristics (e.g., spin, launch angle, ball speed, and forgiveness), also balance or improve swing performance characteristics (e.g., air resistance, ability to square the clubhead at impact, and swing speed).

[0233] In many embodiments, as shown in Figure 11, the club heads 300, 500 have a club head drag force (F) compared to known golf club heads having similar volume and / or loft angle. D One or more of the following relationships are satisfied such that the combined moment of inertia (Ixx+Iyy) of the club head increases while maintaining or reducing ).

number

number

number

[0234] For example, in many embodiments, the club heads 300 and 500 satisfy relation 3 and have a weight of 9000 g·cm². 2 It has a greater combined moment of inertia than [this value]. In other embodiments, the club heads 300 and 500 can satisfy relation 3, and 9010 g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9025g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9050g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9075g·cm 2 Larger than 10,000 g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10250g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10500g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10750g·cm 2 Larger than, or 11,000 g·cm 2 It can have a combined moment of inertia that is larger than that.

[0235] In further examples, in many embodiments, the club heads 300, 500 satisfy relation 3 and have an effect of less than 1.16 lbf. In other embodiments, the club heads 300, 500 can satisfy relation 3 and have a resistance of less than 1.15 lbf, less than 1.10 lbf, less than 1.00 lbf, less than 0.900 lbf, less than 0.800 lbf, less than 0.75 lbf, less than 0.700 lbf, less than 0.600 lbf, or less than 0.500 lbf.

[0236] In further examples, in many embodiments, the club heads 300 and 500 satisfy relation 4 and have a weight of 9000 g·cm². 2It has a larger combined moment of inertia than [this value]. In other embodiments, the club heads 300 and 500 can satisfy relation 4, and 9010 g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9025g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9050g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9075g·cm 2 Larger than 10,000 g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10250g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10500g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10750g·cm 2 Larger than, or 11,000 g·cm 2 It can have a combined moment of inertia that is larger than that.

[0237] In further examples, in many embodiments, the club heads 300, 500 satisfy relation 4 and have an effect of less than 1.16 lbf. In other embodiments, the club heads 300, 500 can satisfy relation 4 and have a resistance of less than 1.15 lbf, less than 1.10 lbf, less than 1.00 lbf, less than 0.900 lbf, less than 0.800 lbf, less than 0.75 lbf, less than 0.700 lbf, less than 0.600 lbf, or less than 0.500 lbf.

[0238] In further examples, in many embodiments, the club heads 300 and 500 satisfy relation 5 and have a weight of 9000 g·cm². 2 It has a greater combined moment of inertia than [this value]. In other embodiments, the club heads 300 and 500 can satisfy relation 5, and 9010 g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9025g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9050g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9075g·cm 2 Larger than 10,000 g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10250g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10500g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10750g·cm 2 Larger than, or 11,000 g·cm 2It can have a combined moment of inertia that is larger than that.

[0239] In further examples, in many embodiments, the club heads 300, 500 satisfy relation 5 and have an effect of less than 1.16 lbf. In other embodiments, the club heads 300, 500 can satisfy relation 5 and have a resistance of less than 1.15 lbf, less than 1.10 lbf, less than 1.00 lbf, less than 0.900 lbf, less than 0.800 lbf, less than 0.75 lbf, less than 0.700 lbf, less than 0.600 lbf, or less than 0.500 lbf. i. CG position and air resistance

[0240] In many known golf club heads, shifting the CG position further back to increase the launch angle of the golf ball and / or increase the inertia of the club head can negatively affect other performance characteristics of the club head, such as air resistance. Figure 12 shows that in many known club heads with similar volume and / or loft angles as club head 300 or club head 500, as the depth of the club head CG increases (to increase the forgiveness and / or launch angle of the club head), the drag during the swing increases (therefore decreasing swing speed and ball flight distance). For example, as shown in Figure 12, in many known club heads, as the depth of the head CG increases, the drag on the club head increases.

[0241] The clubheads 300 and 500 described herein increase or maximize the CG depth of the clubhead while simultaneously maintaining or reducing air resistance, compared to known clubheads having similar volume and / or loft angles. Thus, the clubheads 300 and 500, having improved impact performance characteristics (e.g., spin, launch angle, ball speed, and forgiveness), also balance or improve swing performance characteristics (e.g., air resistance, ability to square the clubhead at impact, and swing speed).

[0242] In many embodiments, as shown in Figure 13, the club heads 300 and 500 have a resistance (F) to the club head compared to known golf club heads. D While maintaining or reducing the head CG depth (CG), D The following conditions must be met such that ) increases:

number

number

number

[0243] For example, in many embodiments, the club heads 300, 500 satisfy relation 6 and have a head CG depth greater than 1.65 inches. In other embodiments, the club heads 300, 500 can satisfy relation 6 and have a head CG depth greater than 1.60 inches, greater than 1.62 inches, greater than 1.64 inches, greater than 1.68 inches, greater than 1.70 inches, greater than 1.72 inches, greater than 1.74 inches, greater than 1.76 inches, greater than 1.78 inches, greater than 1.80 inches, greater than 1.85 inches, or greater than 1.90 inches.

[0244] In further examples, in many embodiments, the club heads 300, 500 satisfy relation 6 and have an effect of less than 1.16 lbf. In other embodiments, the club heads 300, 500 can satisfy relation 6 and have a resistance of less than 1.15 lbf, less than 1.10 lbf, less than 1.00 lbf, less than 0.900 lbf, less than 0.800 lbf, less than 0.75 lbf, less than 0.700 lbf, less than 0.600 lbf, or less than 0.500 lbf.

[0245] In further examples, in many embodiments, the club heads 300 and 500 satisfy relation 7 and have a weight of 9000 g·cm². 2 It has a combined moment of inertia greater than or equal to . In other embodiments, the club heads 300, 500 can satisfy relation 7 and have a head CG depth greater than 1.60 inches, greater than 1.62 inches, greater than 1.64 inches, greater than 1.68 inches, greater than 1.70 inches, greater than 1.72 inches, greater than 1.74 inches, greater than 1.76 inches, greater than 1.78 inches, greater than 1.80 inches, greater than 1.85 inches, or greater than 1.90 inches.

[0246] In further examples, in many embodiments, the club heads 300, 500 satisfy relation 7 and have an effect of less than 1.16 lbf. In other embodiments, the club heads 300, 500 can satisfy relation 7 and have a resistance of less than 1.15 lbf, less than 1.10 lbf, less than 1.00 lbf, less than 0.900 lbf, less than 0.800 lbf, less than 0.75 lbf, less than 0.700 lbf, less than 0.600 lbf, or less than 0.500 lbf.

[0247] In further examples, in many embodiments, the club heads 300 and 500 satisfy relation 8 and 9000 g·cm 2 It has a combined moment of inertia greater than or equal to . In other embodiments, the club heads 300, 500 can satisfy relation 8 and have a head CG depth greater than 1.60 inches, greater than 1.62 inches, greater than 1.64 inches, greater than 1.68 inches, greater than 1.70 inches, greater than 1.72 inches, greater than 1.74 inches, greater than 1.76 inches, greater than 1.78 inches, greater than 1.80 inches, greater than 1.85 inches, or greater than 1.90 inches.

[0248] In further examples, in many embodiments, the club heads 300, 500 satisfy relation 8 and have an effect of less than 1.16 lbf. In other embodiments, the club heads 300, 500 can satisfy relation 8 and have a resistance of less than 1.15 lbf, less than 1.10 lbf, less than 1.00 lbf, less than 0.900 lbf, less than 0.800 lbf, less than 0.75 lbf, less than 0.700 lbf, less than 0.600 lbf, or less than 0.500 lbf. ii. Moment of inertia and CG depth

[0249] As shown in Figure 14, many known golf club heads have limited combined moment of inertia and / or head CG depth. For example, many known golf club heads with similar volume and / or loft angles as Clubhead 300 or Clubhead 500 have a head CG depth of less than 1.6 inches and 8900 g·cm². 2 It has a combined moment of inertia of less than . The clubheads 300, 500 described herein have a larger head CG depth and a larger combined moment of inertia than known clubheads having similar volume and / or loft angle, while simultaneously maintaining or reducing air resistance. Thus, the clubheads 300, 500, which have improved impact performance characteristics (e.g., spin, launch angle, ball speed, and forgiveness), also balance or improve swing performance characteristics (e.g., air resistance, ability to square the clubhead at impact, and swing speed).

[0250] For example, in many embodiments, club heads 300, 500 have a head CG depth greater than 1.65 inches and 9000 g·cm². 2It has a combined moment of inertia greater than . In other embodiments, the club heads 300, 500 can have a head CG depth greater than 1.60 inches, greater than 1.62 inches, greater than 1.64 inches, greater than 1.68 inches, greater than 1.70 inches, greater than 1.72 inches, greater than 1.74 inches, greater than 1.76 inches, greater than 1.78 inches, greater than 1.80 inches, greater than 1.85 inches, or greater than 1.90 inches. Furthermore, in other embodiments, the club heads 300, 500 have a combined moment of inertia of 9010 g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9025g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9050g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9075g·cm 2 Larger than 10,000 g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10250g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10500g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10750g·cm 2 Larger than, or 11,000 g·cm 2 It can have a combined moment of inertia that is larger than that. II. Fairway Wood Type Club Head

[0251] In another embodiment, the golf club head 700 may include a fairway wood type club head. In many embodiments, the club head 700 includes the same or similar parameters as the club head 100, and the parameters are described by a number that is the reference number of the club head 100 plus 600.

[0252] In many embodiments, the loft angle of the club head 700 is less than approximately 35 degrees, less than approximately 34 degrees, less than approximately 33 degrees, less than approximately 32 degrees, less than approximately 31 degrees, or less than approximately 30 degrees. Furthermore, in many embodiments, the loft angle of the club head 700 is greater than approximately 12 degrees, greater than approximately 13 degrees, greater than approximately 14 degrees, greater than approximately 15 degrees, greater than approximately 16 degrees, greater than approximately 17 degrees, greater than approximately 18 degrees, greater than approximately 19 degrees, or greater than approximately 20 degrees. For example, in some embodiments, the loft angle of the club head 700 may be between 12 and 35 degrees, between 15 and 35 degrees, between 20 and 35 degrees, or between 12 and 30 degrees.

[0253] In many embodiments, the volume of the club head 700 is less than approximately 400cc, less than approximately 375cc, less than approximately 350cc, less than approximately 325cc, less than approximately 300cc, less than approximately 275cc, less than approximately 275cc, less than approximately 250cc, less than approximately 225cc, or less than approximately 200cc. In some embodiments, the volume of the club head may be approximately 150cc-200cc, approximately 150cc-250cc, approximately 150cc-300cc, approximately 150cc-350cc, approximately 150cc-400cc, approximately 200cc-300cc, approximately 200cc-350cc, approximately 300cc-400cc, approximately 325cc-400cc, approximately 350cc-400cc, approximately 250cc-400cc, approximately 250-350cc, or approximately 275-375cc. In other embodiments, the golf club head 700 may include any type of golf club head having the loft angle and volume described herein.

[0254] In many embodiments, the length 762 of the club head 700 may be between 3.5 inches and 4.75 inches, between 4.0 inches and 4.85 inches, between 3.5 inches and 5.0 inches, or between 4.0 inches and 4.5 inches. In many embodiments, the depth 760 of the club head 700 is at least 0.70 inches less than the length 762 of the club head 700. For example, in many embodiments, the depth 760 of the club head 700 may be between 2.75 inches and 4.5 inches, between 3.0 inches and 4.0 inches, between 3.0 inches and 3.75 inches, or between 3.0 inches and 4.85 inches.

[0255] In many embodiments, the height 764 of the club head 700 is less than approximately 2.0 inches. In other embodiments, the height 764 of the club head 700 is less than 2.5 inches, less than 2.4 inches, less than 2.3 inches, less than 2.2 inches, less than 2.1 inches, less than 1.9 inches, or less than 1.8 inches. For example, in some embodiments, the height 764 of the club head 700 may be between 1.3 and 1.7 inches, between 1.5 and 2.0 inches, between 1.75 and 2.5 inches, between 1.75 and 2.0 inches, or between 2.0 and 2.5 inches. Furthermore, in many embodiments, the face height 744 of the club head may be between approximately 0.5 inches (12.7 mm) and approximately 2.0 inches (50.8 mm). Furthermore, in many embodiments, the club head 700 may contain a mass between 185 grams and 250 grams.

[0256] The clubhead 700 further includes a balance of various additional parameters such as head CG position, clubhead moment of inertia, and aerodynamic drag, providing both improved impact performance characteristics (e.g., spin, launch angle, velocity, forgiveness) and improved swing performance characteristics (e.g., air resistance, ability to square the clubhead at impact). In many embodiments, the balance of the parameters described below provides improved impact performance while maintaining or improving swing performance characteristics. Furthermore, in many embodiments, the balance of the parameters described below provides improved swing performance characteristics while maintaining or improving impact performance characteristics. A. Center of gravity and moment of inertia

[0257] In many embodiments, a low rearward clubhead CG and a high moment of inertia can be achieved by increasing and repositioning discretionary weights in the region of the clubhead where the distance from the head CG is greatest. As described above with respect to the head CG position, increased discretionary weights can be achieved by thinning the crown and / or using optimized materials. Repositioning discretionary weights to maximize the distance from the head CG can be achieved using removable weights, embedded weights, or a steep crown angle, as described above with respect to the head CG position.

[0258] In many embodiments, the club head 700 weighs approximately 1500 g·cm. 2 Larger than that, approximately 1600g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 1600g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 1650g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 1700g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 1750g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 1800g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 1850g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 1900g·cm 2Larger than that, approximately 1950g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 2000g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 2100g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 2200g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 2300g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 2400g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 2500g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 2600g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 2700g·cm 2 Larger than, or approximately 2800g·cm 2 Includes a crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx that is greater than or equal to.

[0259] In many embodiments, the club head 700 weighs approximately 3000 g·cm². 2 Larger than that, approximately 3100g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 3200g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 3250g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 3300g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 3400g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 3500g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 3600g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 3750g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 4000g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 4250g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 4500g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 4750g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 5000g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 5250g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 5500g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 5750g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 6000g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 6250g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 6500g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 6750g·cm 2Larger than, or approximately 7000g·cm 2 Includes a heel-toe moment of inertia Iyy that is greater than or equal to .

[0260] In many embodiments, the club head 700 has a weight of 4900 g·cm. 2 Larger than that, 4950g·cm 2 Larger than 5000g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5100g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5200g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5300g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5400g·cm 2 Larger than 5500g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5600g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5700g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5800g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5900g·cm 2 Larger than, or 6000g·cm 2 It includes a combined moment of inertia (i.e., the sum of the crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx and the heel-toe moment of inertia lyy) that is greater than .

[0261] In many embodiments, the club head 700 includes a head CG height 774 having an absolute value of less than approximately 0.50 inches, less than approximately 0.475 inches, less than approximately 0.45 inches, less than approximately 0.425 inches, less than approximately 0.40 inches, less than approximately 0.35 inches, less than approximately 0.30 inches, less than approximately 0.25 inches, less than approximately 0.20 inches, less than 0.15 inches, or less than 0.10 inches. Furthermore, in many embodiments, the club head 700 includes a head CG height 774 having an absolute value of less than approximately 0.50 inches, less than approximately 0.475 inches, less than approximately 0.45 inches, less than approximately 0.425 inches, less than approximately 0.40 inches, less than approximately 0.35 inches, less than approximately 0.30 inches, or less than approximately 0.25 inches.

[0262] In many embodiments, the club head 700 includes a head CG depth 772 that is greater than approximately 1.0 inch, greater than approximately 1.1 inch, greater than approximately 1.22 inch, greater than approximately 1.2 inch, greater than approximately 1.3 inch, greater than approximately 1.4 inch, greater than approximately 1.5 inch, greater than approximately 1.6 inch, greater than approximately 1.7 inch, or greater than approximately 1.8 inch.

[0263] A club head 700 with a reduced head CG height 774 can reduce the backspin of the golf ball at impact compared to a similar club head with a higher head CG height. In many embodiments, reducing backspin can increase both ball speed and flight distance to improve the performance of the club head. Furthermore, a club head 700 with an increased head CG depth 772 can increase the heel-toe moment of inertia compared to a similar club head with a head CG depth closer to the hitting surface. Increasing the heel-toe moment of inertia can increase the forgiveness of the club head at impact to improve the performance of the club head. Moreover, a club head 700 with an increased head CG depth 772 can increase the launch angle of the golf ball at impact by increasing the dynamic loft of the club head at impact compared to a similar club head with a head CG depth closer to the hitting surface.

[0264] A head CG height of 774 and / or head CG depth of 772 can be achieved by reducing the weight of the club head in various areas, thereby increasing the discretionary weight, and by changing the discretionary weight in strategic areas of the club head to shift the head CG lower and further back. Various means for reducing and repositioning the weight of the club head are described below. i. Thin region

[0265] In some embodiments, the head CG height 774 and / or head CG depth 772 can be achieved by thinning various areas of the club head and removing excess weight. Removing the excess weight results in increased discretionary weight that can be strategically repositioned in areas of the club head 700 to achieve a desired low, rearward club head CG position.

[0266] In many embodiments, the club head 700 may have one or more thin areas. One or more thin areas may be similar to or identical to one or more thin areas 376 of the club head 300, or one or more thin areas of the club head 500. One or more thin areas may be located on the striking surface 704, the body 702, or a combination of the striking surface 704 and the body 702. Furthermore, one or more thin areas may be located on any area of ​​the body 702, including the crown 716, sole 718, heel 720, toe 722, front end 708, back end 710, skirt 728, or any combination of the described locations. For example, in some embodiments, one or more thin areas may be located on the crown 716. In further examples, one or more thin areas may be located on a combination of the striking surface 704 and the crown 716. In further examples, one or more thin areas may be located on a combination of the striking surface 704, the crown 716, and the sole 718. In further examples, the entire body 702 and / or the entire striking surface 704 may include thin areas.

[0267] In embodiments where one or more thin areas are placed on the striking surface 716, the thickness of the striking surface 704 can vary the maximum and minimum striking surface thickness. In these embodiments, the minimum striking surface thickness may be less than 0.10 inches, less than 0.09 inches, less than 0.08 inches, less than 0.07 inches, less than 0.06 inches, less than 0.05 inches, less than 0.04 inches, less than 0.03 inches, or less than 0.02 inches. In these or other embodiments, the maximum striking surface thickness may be less than 0.20 inches, less than 0.19 inches, less than 0.18 inches, less than 0.17 inches, less than 0.16 inches, less than 0.15 inches, less than 0.14 inches, less than 0.13 inches, less than 0.12 inches, less than 0.11 inches, or less than 0.10 inches.

[0268] In embodiments where one or more thin regions are located on the main body 302, the thin regions may include a thickness of less than approximately 0.022 inches. In other embodiments, the thin regions include thicknesses of less than 0.025 inches, less than 0.020 inches, less than 0.019 inches, less than 0.018 inches, less than 0.017 inches, less than 0.016 inches, less than 0.015 inches, less than 0.014 inches, less than 0.013 inches, less than 0.012 inches, or less than 0.010 inches. For example, the thin regions may include thicknesses of approximately 0.010 to 0.025 inches, approximately 0.013 to 0.022 inches, approximately 0.014 to 0.020 inches, approximately 0.015 to 0.020 inches, approximately 0.016 to 0.020 inches, approximately 0.017 to 0.020 inches, or approximately 0.018 to 0.020 inches.

[0269] In the illustrated embodiment, the thin area varies in shape and position and covers approximately 25% of the surface area of ​​the club head 700. In other embodiments, the thin area can cover approximately 20-30%, 15-35%, 15-25%, 10-25%, 15-30%, or 20-50% of the surface area of ​​the club head 700. Furthermore, in other embodiments, the thin area can cover up to 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50% of the surface area of ​​the club head 700.

[0270] In many embodiments, the crown 716 includes one or more thin regions such that approximately 51% of the crown's surface area is thin. In other embodiments, the crown 716 includes one or more thin regions such that up to 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90% of the crown is thin. For example, in some embodiments, approximately 40–60% of the crown can be thin. In further examples, in other embodiments, approximately 50–100%, 40–90%, 35–65%, 30–70%, or 25–75% of the crown can be thin. In some embodiments, the crown 716 may include one or more thin regions, each of which is tapered. In this exemplary embodiment, one or more thin regions of the crown 716 extend in the heel-toe direction, and each of the one or more thin regions has a decreasing thickness in the direction from the striking surface 704 toward the back end 710.

[0271] In many embodiments, the sole 718 includes one or more thin areas such that about 64% of the surface area of ​​the sole 718 includes thin areas. In other embodiments, the sole 718 may include one or more thin areas such that up to 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, or 90% of the sole 718 includes thin areas. For example, in some embodiments, about 40–60% of the sole 718 may include thin areas. In further examples, in other embodiments, about 50–100%, 40–90%, 35–65%, 30–70%, or 25–75% of the sole 718 may include thin areas.

[0272] Thin regions can include any shape, such as a circle, triangle, square, rectangle, oval, or any other polygon or shape having at least one curved surface. Furthermore, one or more thin regions can be the same shape as the remaining thin regions, or different in shape.

[0273] In many embodiments, the club head 700 having a thin area can be manufactured using centrifugal casting. In these embodiments, centrifugal casting allows the club head 700 to have thinner walls than a club head manufactured using conventional casting. In other embodiments, the portion of the club head 700 having a thin area can be manufactured using other suitable methods such as punching, forging, or machining. In embodiments in which the portion of the club head 700 having a thin area is manufactured using punching, forging, or machining, the portions of the club head 700 can be joined using epoxy, tape, welding, mechanical fasteners, or other suitable methods. ii. Optimized materials

[0274] In some embodiments, the striking surface 704 and / or the body 702 may include an optimized material having increased specific strength and / or increased specific flexibility. Specific flexibility is measured as the ratio of the yield strength to the modulus of elasticity of the optimized material. Increasing specific strength and / or specific flexibility allows for thinning of a portion of the club head while maintaining durability.

[0275] In some embodiments, the first material of the striking surface 704 may be an optimized material as described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 399,929, entitled “Golf Club Head Having Optimized Material Properties”. In these or other embodiments, the first material, including an optimized titanium alloy, has a strength of approximately 900,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (224 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 910,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (227 MPa / g / cm²) 3) or more, approximately 920,000PSI / lb / in 3 (229 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 930,000PSI / lb / in 3 (232 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 940,000PSI / lb / in 3 (234 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 950,000PSI / lb / in 3 (237 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 960,000PSI / lb / in 3 (239 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 970,000PSI / lb / in 3 (242 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 980,000PSI / lb / in 3 (244 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 990,000PSI / lb / in 3 (247 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,000,000PSI / lb / in 3 (249 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,050,000PSI / lb / in 3 (262 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,100,000PSI / lb / in 3 (274 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, or approximately 1,150,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (286 MPa / g / cm²) 3 It can have a specific strength of ) or higher.

[0276] Furthermore, in these or other embodiments, the first material comprising the optimized titanium alloy may have a specific flexibility of about 0.0075 or more, about 0.0080 or more, about 0.0085 or more, about 0.0090 or more, about 0.0091 or more, about 0.0092 or more, about 0.0093 or more, about 0.0094 or more, about 0.0095 or more, about 0.0096 or more, about 0.0097 or more, about 0.0098 or more, about 0.0099 or more, about 0.0100 or more, about 0.0105 or more, about 0.0110 or more, about 0.0115 or more, or about 0.0120 or more.

[0277] In these or other embodiments, the first material, including an optimized steel alloy, has a strength of approximately 650,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (162 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 700,000PSI / lb / in 3 (174 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 750,000PSI / lb / in 3 (187 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 800,000PSI / lb / in 3 (199 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 810,000PSI / lb / in 3 (202 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 820,000PSI / lb / in 3 (204 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 830,000PSI / lb / in 3 (207 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 840,000PSI / lb / in 3 (209 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 850,000PSI / lb / in 3 (212 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 900,000PSI / lb / in 3 (224 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 950,000PSI / lb / in 3 (237 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,000,000PSI / lb / in 3 (249 MPa / g / cm²)3 ), approximately 1,050,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (262 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,100,000PSI / lb / in 3 (274 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,115,000PSI / lb / in 3 (278 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, or approximately 1,120,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (279 MPa / g / cm²) 3 It can have a specific strength of ) or higher.

[0278] Furthermore, in these or other embodiments, the first material, including the optimized steel alloy, can have a specific flexibility of about 0.0060 or more, about 0.0065 or more, about 0.0070 or more, about 0.0075, about 0.0080 or more, about 0.0085 or more, about 0.0090 or more, about 0.0095 or more, about 0.0100 or more, about 0.0105 or more, about 0.0110 or more, about 0.0115 or more, about 0.0120 or more, about 0.0125 or more, about 0.0130 or more, about 0.0135 or more, about 0.0140 or more, about 0.0145 or more, or about 0.0150 or more.

[0279] In these embodiments, the increased specific strength and / or increased specific flexibility of the optimized first material allows for thinning of the striking surface 704 or a portion thereof, as described above, while maintaining durability. By thinning the striking surface 704, the weight of the striking surface 704 can be reduced, thereby increasing the discretionary weight that can be strategically placed in other areas of the club head 700, which in turn allows the head CG to be positioned lower and further back, and / or increases the moment of inertia of the club head.

[0280] In some embodiments, the second material of the body 702 may be an optimized material as described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 399,929, entitled “Golf Club Head Having Optimized Material Properties.” In these or other embodiments, the second material, including an optimized titanium alloy, has a strength of approximately 730,500 PSI / lb / in 3 (182 MPa / g / cm²) 3 It can have a specific strength of 650,000 PSI / lb / in². For example, the specific strength of the optimized titanium alloy is approximately 650,000 PSI / lb / in². 3 (162 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 700,000PSI / lb / in 3 (174 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ), approximately 750,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (187 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 800,000PSI / lb / in 3 (199 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ), approximately 850,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (212 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 900,000PSI / lb / in 3 (224 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 950,000PSI / lb / in 3 (237 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,000,000PSI / lb / in 3 (249 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,050,000PSI / lb / in 3 (262 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more. Or approximately 1,100,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (272 MPa / g / cm²) 3 It could be more than )

[0281] Furthermore, in these or other embodiments, the second material comprising the optimized titanium alloy may have a specific flexibility of about 0.0060 or more, about 0.0065 or more, about 0.0070 or more, about 0.0075, about 0.0080 or more, about 0.0085 or more, about 0.0090 or more, about 0.0095 or more, about 0.0100 or more, about 0.0105 or more, about 0.0110 or more, about 0.0115 or more, or about 0.0120 or more.

[0282] In these or other embodiments, the second material, including optimized steel, has a yield of approximately 500,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (125 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 510,000PSI / lb / in 3 (127 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 520,000PSI / lb / in 3 (130 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 530,000PSI / lb / in 3 (132 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 540,000PSI / lb / in 3 (135 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 550,000PSI / lb / in 3 (137 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 560,000PSI / lb / in 3 (139 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 570,000PSI / lb / in 3 (142 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 580,000PSI / lb / in 3 (144 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 590,000PSI / lb / in 3 (147 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 600,000PSI / lb / in 3 (149 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 625,000PSI / lb / in 3 (156 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 675,000PSI / lb / in 3(168 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 725,000PSI / lb / in 3 (181 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 775,000PSI / lb / in 3 (193 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 825,000PSI / lb / in 3 (205 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 875,000PSI / lb / in 3 (218 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 925,000PSI / lb / in 3 (230 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 975,000PSI / lb / in 3 (243 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,025,000PSI / lb / in 3 (255 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,075PSI / lb / in 3 (268 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ), or approximately 1,125,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (280 MPa / g / cm²) 3 It can have a specific strength of ) or higher.

[0283] Furthermore, in these or other embodiments, the second material, including the optimized steel, can have a specific flexibility of about 0.0060 or more, about 0.0062 or more, about 0.0064 or more, about 0.0066 or more, about 0.0068 or more, about 0.0070 or more, about 0.0072 or more, about 0.0076 or more, about 0.0080 or more, about 0.0084 or more, about 0.0088 or more, about 0.0092 or more, about 0.0096 or more, about 0.0100 or more, about 0.0105 or more, about 0.0110 or more, about 0.0115 or more, about 0.0120 or more, about 0.0125 or more, about 0.0130 or more, about 0.0135 or more, about 0.0140 or more, about 0.0145 or more, or about 0.0150 or more.

[0284] In these embodiments, the increased specific strength and / or increased specific flexibility of the optimized second material allows for thinning of the body 702 or any part thereof while maintaining durability. Thinning the body 702 can reduce the weight of the club head, thereby increasing the discretionary weight that can be strategically placed in other areas of the club head 700, which in turn allows the head CG to be positioned lower and further back, and / or increases the moment of inertia of the club head. iii. Removable weights

[0285] In some embodiments, the club head 700 may include one or more weight structures 780, which include one or more removable weights 782. The one or more weight structures 780 and / or one or more removable weights 782 can be positioned toward the sole 718 and back end 710, thereby allowing discretionary weights to be positioned closer to the sole 718 and back end 710 of the club head, achieving a low, rearward head CG position. In many embodiments, the one or more weight structures 780 are removably receptive to one or more removable weights 782. In these embodiments, one or more removable weights 782 can be coupled to the one or more weight structures 780 using any suitable method such as threaded fasteners, adhesives, magnets, snap-fits, or any other arbitrary mechanism capable of securing one or more removable weights to one or more weight structures.

[0286] The weight structure 780 and / or removable weight 782 can be positioned relative to a clock grid 2000 (shown in Figure 3) which can be aligned with the striking surface 704 when viewed from a top view. The clock grid includes at least the 12 o'clock, 3 o'clock, 4 o'clock, 5 o'clock, 6 o'clock, 7 o'clock, 8 o'clock, and 9 o'clock rays. For example, the clock grid 2000 includes the 12 o'clock ray 2012 aligned with the geometric center 740 of the striking surface 704. The 12 o'clock ray 2012 is orthogonal to the X'Y' plane. The center of the clock grid 2000 can be positioned midpoint between the front end 708 and the back end 710 of the club head 700 along the 12 o'clock ray 2012. In the same or other examples, when viewed from a bottom view, the center point of the clock grid 2010 can be centered close to the geometric center point of the golf club head 700. The clock grid 2000 also includes a 3 o'clock radial 2003 extending toward the heel 720 and a 9 o'clock radial 2009 extending toward the toe 722 of the clubhead 700.

[0287] In this embodiment, the weight perimeter 784 of the weight structure 780 is positioned toward the backend 710 and is at least partially bounded between the 4 o'clock radiation 2004 and the 8 o'clock radiation 2008 of the clock grid 2000, while the removable weight 782 located within the weight structure 780 is positioned between the 5 o'clock radiation 2005 and the 7 o'clock radiation 2007. In examples like this one, the weight perimeter 784 is completely enclosed between the 4 o'clock radiation 2004 and the 8 o'clock radiation 2008. In this example, the weight perimeter 784 is defined outside the clubhead 700, but there may be other examples in which the weight perimeter 784 extends inside the clubhead 700 or is defined inside the clubhead 700. In some examples, the position of the weight structure 780 can be established over a wider area. For example, in such an example, the weight perimeter 784 of the weight structure 780 can be positioned toward a back end that is at least partially bounded between the 4 o'clock radiation 2004 and the 9 o'clock radiation 2009 of the clock grid 2000, while the weight center 786 may be located between the 5 o'clock radiation 2005 and the 8 o'clock radiation 2008.

[0288] In this example, the weight structure 780 protrudes from the external contour of the sole 718 and is therefore at least partially external to allow for greater adjustment of the head CG770. In some examples, the weight structure 780 may contain a mass of approximately 2 grams to approximately 50 grams and / or a volume of approximately 1 cc to approximately 30 cc. In other examples, the weight structure 780 may remain coplanar with the external contour of the body 702.

[0289] In many embodiments, the removable weight 782 may contain a mass of approximately 0.5 grams to approximately 30 grams and can be replaced with one or more other similar removable weights to adjust the position of the head CG770. In the same or other examples, the weight center 786 may include at least one of the center of gravity of the removable weight 782 and / or the geometric center 782 of the removable weight. iv. Embedded weights

[0290] In some embodiments, the clubhead 700 may include one or more embedded weights to achieve a low, rearward head CG position by positioning discretionary weights on the sole 718, within the skirt 728, and / or near the back end 710 of the clubhead 700. One or more embedded weights of the clubhead 700 may be similar to or identical to one or more embedded weights 383 of the clubhead 300, or one or more embedded weights of the clubhead 500. In many embodiments, one or more embedded weights are permanently fixed to or within the clubhead 700. In these embodiments, the embedded weights may be similar to the high-density metal pieces (HDMP) described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 372,870, titled “Embedded High-Density Castings”.

[0291] In many embodiments, one or more embedded weights are positioned near the back end 710 of the club head. For example, the weight center of an embedded weight may be located between the 5 o'clock radiation 2005 and the 8 o'clock radiation 2008 of the clock grid 2000. In many embodiments, one or more embedded weights may be positioned near the back end 710 of the club head 700 on the skirt 728, near the back end 710 of the club head 700 on the sole 718, or near the back end 710 of the club head 700 on both the skirt 728 and the sole 718.

[0292] In many embodiments, the weight centers of one or more embedded weights are positioned within 0.10 inches, 0.20 inches, 0.30 inches, 0.40 inches, 0.50 inches, 0.60 inches, 0.70 inches, 0.80 inches, 0.90 inches, 1.0 inch, 1.1 inches, 1.2 inches, 1.3 inches, 1.4 inches, or 1.5 inches around the club head 700 when viewed from above. In these embodiments, the proximity of the embedded weights to the periphery of the club head 700 maximizes a low, rearward head CG position, crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx, and / or heel-toe moment of inertia Iyy.

[0293] In many embodiments, the weight centers of one or more embedded weights are positioned at a distance greater than 1.6 inches, greater than 1.7 inches, greater than 1.8 inches, greater than 1.9 inches, greater than 2.0 inches, greater than 2.1 inches, greater than 2.2 inches, greater than 2.3 inches, greater than 2.4 inches, greater than 2.5 inches, greater than 2.6 inches, greater than 2.7 inches, greater than 2.8 inches, greater than 2.9 inches, or greater than 3.0 inches from the head CG770.

[0294] In many embodiments, the weight centers of one or more embedded weights are positioned at a distance greater than 4.0 inches, greater than 4.1 inches, greater than 4.2 inches, greater than 4.3 inches, greater than 4.4 inches, greater than 4.5 inches, greater than 4.6 inches, greater than 4.7 inches, greater than 4.8 inches, greater than 4.9 inches, or greater than 5.0 inches from the geometric center 740 of the striking surface 704.

[0295] In many embodiments, one or more embedded weights may have a mass of 3.0 to 90 grams. For example, in some embodiments, one or more embedded weights may have a mass of 3.0 to 25 grams, 10 to 40 grams, 20 to 50 grams, 30 to 60 grams, 40 to 70 grams, 50 to 80 grams, or 60 to 90 grams. In embodiments where one or more embedded weights include two or more weights, each of the embedded weights may have the same or different masses.

[0296] In many embodiments, one or more embedded weights may include materials having a specific gravity between 10.0 and 22.0. For example, in many embodiments, one or more embedded weights may include materials having a specific gravity greater than 10.0, greater than 11.0, greater than 12.0, greater than 13.0, greater than 14.0, greater than 15.0, greater than 16.0, greater than 16.0, greater than 17.0, greater than 18.0, or greater than 19.0. In embodiments where one or more embedded weights include two or more weights, each of the embedded weights may include the same or different materials. v. Steep crown angle

[0297] In some embodiments, the golf club head 700 may further include a steep crown angle 788 to achieve a low, rearward position of the head CG. The steep crown angle 788 positions the back end of the crown 716 toward the sole 718 or the ground, thereby lowering the club head CG position.

[0298] The crown angle 788 is measured as the acute angle between the crown axis 1090 and the front surface 1020. In these embodiments, the crown axis 1090 is located within the cross-section of the club head 700 as viewed along a plane perpendicular to the ground surface 1030 and the front surface 1020. The crown axis 1090 can be further described with reference to the upper transition boundary and the rear transition boundary.

[0299] The club head 700 includes an upper transition boundary extending from near the heel 720 to near the toe 722 between the front end 708 and the crown 716. The upper transition boundary includes a crown transition profile 790 as viewed from a side section taken along a plane perpendicular to the front surface 1020 and perpendicular to the contact surface 1030 when the club head 700 is in the address position. The side section can be taken at any point on the club head 700 from near the heel 720 to near the toe 722. The crown transition profile 790 defines a front radius of curvature 792 extending from the front end 708 of the club head 700 to the crown transition point 794, where the front end 708 of the club head 700 is the portion of the contour that deviates from the undulation and / or bulge range of the striking surface 704, and the crown transition point 794 indicates the change in curvature from the front radius of curvature 792 to the curvature of the crown 716. In some embodiments, the front radius of curvature 792 includes a single radius of curvature extending from the upper end 793 of the striking surface perimeter 742 near the crown 716 to the crown transition point 794, where the upper end 793 of the striking surface perimeter 742 near the crown 716 is the portion where the contour deviates from the undulation and / or bulging range of the striking surface 704, and the crown transition point 794 indicates a change in curvature from the front radius of curvature 792 to one or more curvatures of the crown 716.

[0300] The clubhead 700 further includes a rear transition boundary extending between the crown 716 and the skirt 728 from near the heel 720 to near the toe 722. The rear transition boundary includes a rear transition profile 796 as viewed from a side section view taken along a plane perpendicular to the front surface 1020 and perpendicular to the ground surface 1030 when the clubhead 700 is in the address position. The section view can be taken at any point on the clubhead 700 from near the heel 720 to near the toe 722. The rear transition profile 796 defines a back radius of curvature 798 extending along the rear transition boundary from the crown 716 to the skirt 728 of the clubhead 700. In many embodiments, the back radius of curvature 798 includes a single radius of curvature that transitions to the skirt 728 of the clubhead 700. A first rear transition point 802 is located at the connection between the crown 716 and the rear transition boundary. The second rear transition point 803 is located at the connection between the rear transition boundary of the club head 700 and the skirt 728.

[0301] The front radius of curvature of the upper transition boundary, 792, may remain constant, or it may vary from near the heel 520 to near the toe 522 of the club head 700. Similarly, the back radius of curvature of the rear transition boundary, 798, may remain constant, or it may vary from near the heel 720 to near the toe 722 of the club head 700.

[0302] The crown axis 1090 extends between the crown transition point 794 near the front end 708 of the club head 700 and the rear transition point 802 near the back end 710 of the club head 700. The crown angle 788 may remain constant or may vary from near the heel 720 to near the toe 722 of the club head 700. For example, the crown angle 788 may vary when the side cross-section is taken at different positions relative to the heel 720 and toe 722.

[0303] In many embodiments, the maximum crown angle 788 taken at any position from near the toe 722 to near the heel 720 is less than 79 degrees, less than about 95 degrees, less than about 93 degrees, less than about 91 degrees, less than about 89 degrees, less than about 87 degrees, less than about 85 degrees, less than about 83 degrees, less than about 81 degrees, less than about 79 degrees, less than about 77 degrees, or less than about 75 degrees. For example, in some embodiments, the maximum crown angle is between 65 and 95 degrees, 65 and 90 degrees, or 65 and 85 degrees.

[0304] In many embodiments, reducing the crown angle 788 compared to the current clubhead produces a steeper crown or a crown positioned closer to the ground plane 1030 when the clubhead 700 is in the address position. Thus, reducing the crown angle 788 can result in a lower head CG position compared to a clubhead with a higher crown angle. vi. Hosel sleeve weight

[0305] In some embodiments, the head CG height 774 and / or head CG depth 772 can be achieved by reducing the mass of the hosel sleeve 734. Removing the excess weight from the hosel sleeve 734 allows the increased discretionary weight to be strategically redistributed in the area of ​​the club head 700 to achieve the desired low, rearward club head CG position.

[0306] Reducing the mass of the hosel sleeve 734 can be achieved by thinning the sleeve wall, reducing the height of the hosel sleeve 734, reducing the diameter of the hosel sleeve 734, and / or introducing voids in the wall of the hosel sleeve 734. In many embodiments, the mass of the hosel sleeve 734 may be less than 6 grams, less than 5.5 grams, less than 5.0 grams, less than 4.5 grams, or less than 4.0 grams. In many embodiments, a clubhead 700 with a reduced-mass hosel sleeve results in a lower (closer to the sole) and more rearward (closer to the backend) clubhead CG position than a similar clubhead with a heavier hosel sleeve. B. Air resistance

[0307] In many embodiments, the club head 700 includes a combination of a low, rearward CG position of the club head and an increased moment of inertia of the club head, along with reduced aerodynamic drag.

[0308] In many embodiments, the club head 700 experiences air resistance of less than approximately 1.25 lbf, less than 1.0 lbf, less than 0.95 lbf, less than 0.90 lbf, less than 0.85 lbf, less than 0.83 lbf, or less than 0.80 lbf when tested in a wind tunnel with a square face and a wind speed of 98 mph. In these or other embodiments, the club head 700 experiences air resistance of less than approximately 1.25 lbf, less than 1.0 lbf, less than 0.95 lbf, less than 0.90 lbf, less than 0.85 lbf, less than 0.83 lbf, or less than 0.80 lbf in computational fluid dynamics calculations with a square face and a wind speed of 98 mph. In these embodiments, the airflow experienced by the club head 700 with a square face is directed towards the striking surface 704 in a direction perpendicular to the X'Y' plane. As described below, a clubhead 700 with reduced air resistance can be achieved by various means. i. Crown angle and height

[0309] In some embodiments, reducing the crown angle 788 to form a steeper crown and a lower head CG position can lead to an undesirable increase in aerodynamic drag because it increases the separation of airflow over the crown during the swing. To prevent the increase in drag associated with the decrease in crown angle 788, the maximum crown height 804 can be increased. The maximum crown height 804 is the maximum distance between the surface of the crown 716 and the crown axis 1090 as seen in any side cross-sectional view of the clubhead 700 along a plane parallel to the Y'Z' plane. In many embodiments, a larger maximum crown height 804 results in a crown 716 with greater curvature. The greater the curvature of the crown 716, the further the point of airflow separation during the swing moves behind the clubhead 700. In other words, greater curvature allows the airflow to remain in contact with the clubhead 700 for a longer distance along the crown 716 during the swing. Moving the point of airflow separation backward on the crown 716 reduces aerodynamic drag and increases the swing speed of the clubhead, which can in turn increase the speed and distance of the ball.

[0310] In many embodiments, the maximum crown height 804 can be greater than approximately 0.10 inches (2.5 mm), greater than approximately 0.20 inches (5 mm), greater than approximately 0.30 inches (7.5 mm), or greater than approximately 0.40 inches (10 mm). Furthermore, in other embodiments, the maximum crown height 804 may be in the range of 0.10 inches (2.5 mm) to 0.40 inches (10 mm), 0.10 inches (2.5 mm) to 0.60 inches (15 mm), or 0.20 inches (5 mm) to 0.60 inches (15 mm). For example, in some embodiments, the maximum crown height 804 may be approximately 0.20 inches (5 mm), approximately 0.24 inches (6 mm), approximately 0.28 inches (7 mm), approximately 0.31 inches (8 mm), or approximately 0.35 inches (9 mm). ii. Transition Profile

[0311] In many embodiments, the transition profiles from the striking surface 704 to the crown 716, from the striking surface 704 to the sole 718, and / or from the crown 716 to the sole 718 along the back end 710 of the clubhead 700, affect the air resistance on the clubhead 700 during the swing.

[0312] In some embodiments, a club head 700 having an upper transition boundary defining a crown transition profile 790 and a rear transition boundary defining a rear transition profile 796 further includes a sole transition boundary defining a sole transition profile 810. The sole transition boundary extends between the front end 708 and the sole 718 from near the heel 720 to near the toe 722. The sole transition boundary includes the sole transition profile 810 as viewed from a side section view along a plane parallel to the Y'Z' plane. The side section view can be taken at any point on the club head 700 from near the heel 720 to near the toe 722. The sole transition profile 810 defines a sole radius of curvature 812 extending from the front end 708 of the club head 700 to a sole transition point 814, where the front end 708 of the club head 700 is the portion where the contour deviates from the undulation and / or bulge range of the striking surface 704, and the sole transition point 814 indicates a change in curvature from the radius of curvature 812 of the sole to the curvature of the sole 718. In some embodiments, the sole radius of curvature 812 includes a single radius of curvature extending from the bottom end 813 of the striking surface perimeter 742 near the sole 718 to the sole transition point 814, where the bottom end 813 of the striking surface perimeter 742 near the sole 718 is the portion where the contour deviates from the undulation and / or bulge range, and the sole transition point 814 indicates a change in curvature from the radius of curvature 812 of the sole to the curvature of the sole 814.

[0313] In many embodiments, the crown transition profile 790, the sole transition profile 810, and the rear transition profile 796 may be similar to the crown transition profile, sole transition profile, and rear transition profile described in U.S. Patent No. 15 / 233,486, entitled “Golf Club Head Having Transition Profiles for Reducing Aerodynamic Drag”. Furthermore, the front radius of curvature 792, the sole radius of curvature 812, and the back radius of curvature 798 may be similar to the first crown-side radius of curvature, the first sole-side radius of curvature, and the back radius of curvature described in U.S. Patent No. 15 / 233,486, entitled “Golf Club Head Having Transition Profiles for Reducing Aerodynamic Drag”.

[0314] In some embodiments, the front radius of curvature 792 may range from approximately 0.10 to 0.50 inches (0.25 to 1.27 cm). Furthermore, in other embodiments, the front radius of curvature 792 may be less than 0.40 inches (1.02 cm), less than 0.375 inches (0.95 cm), less than 0.35 inches (0.89 cm), less than 0.325 inches (0.83 cm), or less than 0.30 inches (0.76 cm). For example, the front radius of curvature 792 may be approximately 0.18 inches (0.46 cm), 0.20 inches (0.51 cm), 0.22 inches (0.66 cm), 0.24 inches (0.61 cm), 0.26 inches (0.66 cm), 0.28 inches (0.71 cm), or 0.30 inches (0.76 cm).

[0315] In some embodiments, the sole curvature radius 812 may range from about 0.05 to 0.25 inches (0.13 to 0.64 cm). For example, the sole curvature radius 812 may be less than about 0.3 inches (0.76 cm), less than about 0.275 inches (0.70 cm), less than about 0.25 inches (0.64 cm), less than about 0.2 inches (0.51 cm), less than about 0.15 inches (0.38 cm), or less than about 0.1 inches (0.25 cm). In further examples, the sole curvature radius 812 may be about 0.10 inches (0.25 cm), 0.15 inches (0.38 cm), 0.20 inches (0.51 cm), or 0.25 inches (0.64 cm).

[0316] In some embodiments, the back radius of curvature 798 may range from approximately 0.10 to 0.25 inches (0.25 to 0.64 cm). For example, the back radius of curvature 798 may be less than approximately 0.3 inches (0.76 cm), less than approximately 0.275 inches (0.70 cm), less than approximately 0.25 inches (0.64 cm), less than approximately 0.225 inches (0.57 cm), or less than approximately 0.20 inches (0.51 cm). In further examples, the back radius of curvature 798 may be approximately 0.10 inches (0.25 cm), 0.15 inches (0.38 cm), 0.20 inches (0.51 cm), or 0.25 inches (0.64 cm). iii. Turbulator

[0317] In some embodiments, the club head 700 may further include a plurality of turbulators 814, as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 536,753, granted December 17, 2013, now U.S. Patent No. 8,608,587, whose content is fully incorporated herein, and is titled “Golf Club Head with Turbulator and Method for Manufacturing a Golf Club Head.” In many embodiments, the plurality of turbulators 814 disturb the airflow, thereby creating small vortices or turbulence within the boundary layer, energizing the boundary layer and delaying the separation of airflow over the crown during the swing.

[0318] In some embodiments, multiple turbulators 614 may be adjacent to the crown transition point 994 of the club head 700. Multiple turbulators 814 project from the outer surface of the crown 716 and include a length extending between the front end 708 and the back end 710 of the club head 700, and a width extending from the heel 720 to the toe 722 of the club head 700. In many embodiments, the length of multiple turbulators 814 is greater than the width. In some embodiments, multiple turbulators 814 may have the same width. In some embodiments, multiple turbulators 814 may have a varying height profile. In some embodiments, multiple turbulators 814 may be taller towards the apex of the crown 716 compared to the front of the crown 716. In other embodiments, multiple turbulators 814 may be taller towards the front of the crown 716 and shorter towards the apex of the crown 716. In other embodiments, multiple turbulators 814 may have a constant height profile. Furthermore, in many embodiments, at least a portion of at least one turbulator is positioned between the striking surface and the apex of the crown 716, and the spacing between adjacent turbulators is greater than the width of each adjacent turbulator. iv. Back Cavity

[0319] In some embodiments, the club head 700 may further include a cavity 820 located at the back end 710 and trailing edge 728 of the club head 700. In some embodiments, the cavity 820 may be equivalent to a cavity 420 on the club head 300 or a cavity 620 on the club head 500. Furthermore, the cavity is similar to the cavity described in U.S. Patent Application No. 14 / 882,092, entitled “Golf Club Head and Aerodynamic Features and Related Methods”. In many embodiments, the cavity 820 can break down vortices generated behind the golf club head 700 into smaller vortices, reducing the size of the turbulence and / or reducing drag. In some embodiments, by splitting the vortices into smaller vortices, a high-pressure region can be generated behind the golf club head 700. In some embodiments, this high-pressure region can push the golf club head 700 forward, reducing drag and / or improving the aerodynamic design of the golf club head 700. In many embodiments, the net effect of smaller vortices and reduced drag is an increase in the speed of the golf club head 700. This effect can result in the golf ball leaving the clubface 704 faster after impact, potentially increasing the ball's flight distance.

[0320] In many embodiments, the cavity 820 may include a rear wall 822 oriented perpendicular to the X'Z' plane, and may further include a width, depth 824, and height 826 measured in the direction from heel 720 to toe 722. The width of the cavity 820 may be about 1.0 inch (approximately 2.54 cm) to about 8 inches (approximately 20.32 cm), about 1.0 inch (approximately 2.54 cm) to about 2.25 inches (approximately 5.72 cm), or about 1.75 inches (approximately 4.5 cm) to about 2.25 inches (approximately 5.72 cm). For example, the width of the cavity 420 may be about 2.0 inches (5.08 cm), 3.0 inches (7.62 cm), 4.0 inches (10.16 cm), 5.0 inches (12.7 cm), 6.0 inches (15.24 cm), or 7.0 inches (17.78 cm). In some embodiments, the width of the cavity 820 may remain constant from near the top of the cavity 820 (towards the crown 716 of the club head 700) to near the bottom of the cavity 820 (towards the sole 718 of the club head 700). In other embodiments, the width of the cavity 820 may vary from near the top to near the bottom. In the embodiment shown in Figure 8, the width of the cavity 820 may be greatest near the top and smallest near the bottom. In other embodiments, the width of the cavity 820 may vary according to an arbitrary contour. For example, in other embodiments, the width of the cavity 820 may be longest at the top, bottom, center, or any other arbitrary position extending from the top to the bottom of the cavity.

[0321] The depth 824 of the cavity 820 can be approximately 0.025 inches (approximately 0.127 cm) to approximately 0.250 inches (approximately 0.635 cm), or approximately 0.025 inches (approximately 0.127 cm) to approximately 0.150 inches (approximately 0.381 cm). For example, the depth 824 of the cavity 820 may be approximately 0.1 inches (approximately 0.254 cm), or approximately 0.05 inches (approximately 0.127 cm). In some embodiments, the depth of the cavity 820 may remain constant between the heel and toe and / or between the top and bottom of the cavity 820. In other embodiments, the depth of the cavity 820 may vary between the heel and toe and / or between the top and bottom of the cavity 820. For example, the depth of the cavity 820 can be maximized near the heel, near the toe, near the crown, near the sole, near the center, or in any combination of the locations listed.

[0322] The height 826 of the cavity 820 can be measured along the direction from the crown 716 to the sole 718. The height 826 of the cavity 820 may be approximately 0.19 inches (approximately 0.48 cm) to approximately 0.21 inches (approximately 0.53 cm). In some embodiments, the height 826 of the cavity 820 may be approximately 0.10 inches (approximately 0.25 cm) to approximately 0.50 inches (approximately 1.27 cm). In some embodiments, the height 826 of the cavity 820 may be approximately 0.10 inches (approximately 0.25 cm) to approximately 0.40 inches (approximately 1.02 cm). In some embodiments, the height 826 of the cavity 820 may be approximately 0.10 inches (approximately 0.25 cm) to approximately 0.30 inches (approximately 0.76 cm). In some embodiments, the height 826 of the cavity 820 may be approximately 0.10 inches (approximately 0.25 cm) to approximately 0.20 inches (approximately 0.51 cm). In some embodiments, the height 826 of the cavity 820 may remain constant between the heel and toe of the cavity 820. In other embodiments, the height 826 of the cavity 820 may vary between the heel and toe of the cavity 820. For example, the height 826 of the cavity 820 may be maximum near the heel, near the toe, near the center, or at any combination of the described locations. v. Hosel structure

[0323] In some embodiments, the hosel structure 730 may have a smaller outer diameter to reduce air resistance on the club head 700 during the swing compared to a similar club head having a larger diameter hosel structure. In many embodiments, the hosel structure 730 has an outer diameter of less than 0.545 inches. For example, the hosel structure 730 may have an outer diameter of less than 0.60 inches, less than 0.59 inches, less than 0.58 inches, less than 0.57 inches, less than 0.56 inches, less than 0.55 inches, less than 0.54 inches, less than 0.53 inches, less than 0.52 inches, less than 0.51 inches, or less than 0.50 inches. In many embodiments, the outer diameter of the hosel structure 730 is reduced while maintaining the adjustability of the loft angle and / or lie angle of the club head 700. Balance of CCG position, moment of inertia, and air resistance.

[0324] In current golf club head design, increasing or maximizing the moment of inertia of a club head can negatively impact other performance characteristics of the club head, such as air resistance. The club head 700 described herein increases or maximizes the moment of inertia of the club head while simultaneously maintaining or reducing air resistance. Therefore, the club head 700, which improves impact performance characteristics (e.g., spin, launch angle, ball speed, and forgiveness), also balances or improves swing performance characteristics (e.g., air resistance, ability to square the club head at impact, and swing speed).

[0325] In the example of the Clubhead 700 described below, the aerodynamic drag of the clubhead is measured using computational fluid dynamics simulations for the front end of the clubhead, which is square to the airflow at an air velocity of 102 miles per hour (mph). In other embodiments, aerodynamic drag can be measured using other methods, such as wind tunnel testing.

[0326] In many known golf club heads, increasing or maximizing the moment of inertia of the club head negatively impacts air resistance. Figures 23A-C show that for many known club heads with similar volume and / or loft angles to Club Head 700, as the moment of inertia of the club head increases (to increase the tolerance of the club head), drag during the swing increases (thus decreasing swing speed and ball flight distance).

[0327] For example, as shown in Figure 23A, for many known club heads, the drag force increases as the moment of inertia around the x-axis increases. As a further example, referring to Figure 23B, for many known club heads, the drag force increases as the moment of inertia around the y-axis increases. As a further example, referring to Figure 23C for many known club heads, the drag force increases as the combined moment of inertia (i.e., the sum of the moment of inertia around the x-axis and the moment of inertia around the y-axis) increases.

[0328] The clubhead 700 described herein increases or maximizes the moment of inertia of the clubhead while simultaneously maintaining or reducing aerodynamic drag, compared to known clubheads having similar volume and / or loft angle. Thus, the clubhead 700, having improved impact performance characteristics (e.g., spin, launch angle, ball speed, and forgiveness), also balances or improves swing performance characteristics (e.g., air resistance, ability to square the clubhead at impact, and swing speed).

[0329] In many embodiments, as shown in Figure 24, the club head 700 has a resistance (F) compared to known golf club heads having similar volume and / or loft angle. D One or more of the following relationships are satisfied such that the combined moment of inertia (Ixx+Iyy) of the club head increases while maintaining or reducing ).

number

number

[0330] For example, in many embodiments, the club head 700 satisfies relation 9. In other embodiments, the club head 700 can satisfy relation 9 and have a weight of 4900 g·cm. 2 Larger than 5000g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5100g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5200g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5300g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5400g·cm 2 Larger than 5500g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5600g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5700g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5800g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5900g·cm 2 Larger than, or 6000g·cm 2 It can have a combined moment of inertia greater than or equal to. In yet another embodiment, the club head 700 can satisfy relation 9 and have a drag of less than 1.25 lbf, less than 1.0 lbf, less than 0.95 lbf, less than 0.90 lbf, less than 0.850 lbf, less than 0.83 lbf, or less than 0.80 lbf.

[0331] In further examples, in many embodiments, the club head 700 satisfies relation 10. In other embodiments, the club head 700 can satisfy relation 10 and have a weight of 4900 g·cm. 2 Larger than 5000g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5100g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5200g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5300g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5400g·cm 2 Larger than 5500g·cm2 Larger than that, 5600g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5700g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5800g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5900g·cm 2 Larger than, or 6000g·cm 2 It can have a combined moment of inertia greater than or equal to. In yet another embodiment, the club head 700 can satisfy relation 10 and have a drag of less than 1.25 lbf, less than 1.0 lbf, less than 0.95 lbf, less than 0.90 lbf, less than 0.850 lbf, less than 0.83 lbf, or less than 0.80 lbf. i. CG position and aerodynamic drag

[0332] In many known golf club heads, shifting the CG position further back to increase the launch angle of the golf ball and / or increase the inertia of the club head can negatively affect other performance characteristics of the club head, such as air resistance. Figure 25 shows that in many known club heads with similar volume and / or loft angles as club head 700, as the depth of the club head CG increases (to increase the forgiveness and / or launch angle of the club head), the drag during the swing increases (therefore decreasing swing speed and ball flight distance). For example, as shown in Figure 25, in many known club heads, as the depth of the head CG increases, the drag on the club head increases.

[0333] The clubhead 700 described herein increases or maximizes the CG depth of the clubhead while simultaneously maintaining or reducing air resistance, compared to known clubheads having similar volume and / or loft angle. Thus, the clubhead 700, having improved impact performance characteristics (e.g., spin, launch angle, ball speed, and forgiveness), also balances or improves swing performance characteristics (e.g., air resistance, ability to square the clubhead at impact, and swing speed).

[0334] In many embodiments, as shown in Figure 26, the club head 700 has a resistance (F) to the club head compared to known golf club heads having similar volume and / or loft angle. D While maintaining or reducing the head CG depth (CG), D The following conditions must be met such that ) increases:

number

number

[0335] For example, in many embodiments, the club head 700 satisfies relation 11. In other embodiments, the club head 700 can satisfy relation 11 and have a head CG depth greater than 1.1 inches, greater than 1.2 inches, greater than 1.3 inches, greater than 1.4 inches, greater than 1.5 inches, greater than 1.6 inches, greater than 1.7 inches, or greater than 1.8 inches. Furthermore, in other embodiments, the club head 700 can satisfy relation 11 and have a drag less than 1.25 lbf, less than 1.0 lbf, less than 0.95 lbf, less than 0.90 lbf, less than 0.85 lbf, less than 0.83 lbf, or less than 0.80 lbf.

[0336] In further examples, in many embodiments, the club head 700 satisfies relation 12. In other embodiments, the club head 700 can satisfy relation 7 and have a head CG depth greater than 1.1 inches, greater than 1.2 inches, greater than 1.3 inches, greater than 1.4 inches, greater than 1.5 inches, greater than 1.6 inches, greater than 1.7 inches, or greater than 1.8 inches. Furthermore, in other embodiments, the club head 700 can satisfy relation 12 and have a drag less than 1.25 lbf, less than 1.0 lbf, less than 0.95 lbf, less than 0.90 lbf, less than 0.85 lbf, less than 0.83 lbf, or less than 0.80 lbf. In further examples, in many embodiments, the club heads 300, 500 satisfy relation 7 and have a drag less than 1.16 lbf. ii. Moment of inertia and CG depth

[0337] As shown in Figure 27, many known golf club heads have limited combined moment of inertia and / or head CG depth. For example, many known golf club heads with similar volume and / or loft angle to Club Head 700 have a head CG depth of less than 1.2 inches and 5000 g·cm². 2 It has a combined moment of inertia of less than . The club head 700 described herein has a larger head CG depth and a larger combined moment of inertia than known club heads having similar volume and / or loft angle, while simultaneously maintaining or reducing air resistance. Thus, the club heads 300, 500, which have improved impact performance characteristics (e.g., spin, launch angle, ball speed, and forgiveness), also balance or improve swing performance characteristics (e.g., air resistance, ability to square the club head at impact, and swing speed).

[0338] For example, in many embodiments, the club head 700 has a head CG depth greater than 1.22 inches and a 5000 g·cm² head. 2It has a combined moment of inertia greater than . In other embodiments, club heads 300, 500 can have a head CG depth greater than 1.1 inches, greater than 1.2 inches, greater than 1.3 inches, greater than 1.4 inches, greater than 1.5 inches, greater than 1.6 inches, greater than 1.7 inches, or greater than 1.8 inches. Furthermore, in other embodiments, club head 700 has a combined moment of inertia of 5000 g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5100g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5200g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5300g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5400g·cm 2 Larger than 5500g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5600g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5700g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5800g·cm 2 Larger than that, 5900g·cm 2 Larger than, or 6000g·cm 2 It can have a combined moment of inertia that is larger than that. IV. Hybrid Type Club Heads

[0339] According to another embodiment, the golf club head 900 may include a hybrid type club head. In many embodiments, the club head 900 includes the same or similar parameters as the club head 100, and the parameters are described by a number that is the reference number of the club head 100 plus 800.

[0340] In many embodiments, the loft angle of the club head 900 is less than approximately 40 degrees, less than approximately 39 degrees, less than approximately 38 degrees, less than approximately 37 degrees, less than approximately 36 degrees, less than approximately 35 degrees, less than approximately 34 degrees, less than approximately 33 degrees, less than approximately 32 degrees, less than approximately 31 degrees, or less than approximately 30 degrees. Furthermore, in many embodiments, the loft angle of the club head 900 is greater than approximately 16 degrees, greater than approximately 17 degrees, greater than approximately 18 degrees, greater than approximately 19 degrees, greater than approximately 20 degrees, greater than approximately 21 degrees, greater than approximately 22 degrees, greater than approximately 23 degrees, greater than approximately 24 degrees, or greater than approximately 25 degrees.

[0341] In many embodiments, the volume of the club head 900 is less than about 200cc, less than about 175cc, less than about 150cc, less than about 125cc, less than about 100cc, or less than about 75cc. In some embodiments, the volume of the club head may be about 100cc to 150cc, about 75cc to 150cc, about 100cc to 125cc, about 75cc to 100cc, or about 75cc to 125cc. In other embodiments, the golf club head 900 may include any type of golf club head having the loft angles and volumes described herein.

[0342] In many embodiments, the length 962 of the club head 900 is between 3.5 inches and 4.5 inches, between 3.75 inches and 4.75 inches, or between 3.5 inches and 4.75 inches. In other embodiments, the length 962 of the club head 900 is less than 4.5 inches, less than 4.4 inches, less than 4.3 inches, less than 4.2 inches, less than 4.1 inches, or less than 4.0 inches.

[0343] In many embodiments, the depth 960 of the club head 900 is at least 0.70 inches less than the length 962 of the club head 900. In many embodiments, the depth 960 of the club head 900 is between 2.0 inches and 3.0 inches, between 2.0 inches and 2.75 inches, or between 2.0 inches and 2.5 inches. In other embodiments, the depth 960 of the club head 900 is less than 3.0 inches, less than 2.9 inches, less than 2.8 inches, less than 2.7 inches, less than 2.6 inches, less than 2.5 inches, less than 2.4 inches, less than 2.3 inches, less than 2.2 inches, less than 2.1 inches, or less than 2.0 inches.

[0344] In many embodiments, the height 964 of the club head 900 is less than approximately 1.75 inches. In other embodiments, the height 964 of the club head 900 is less than 2.0 inches, less than 1.9 inches, less than 1.8 inches, less than 1.7 inches, less than 1.6 inches, or less than 1.5 inches. For example, in some embodiments, the height of the club head 900 may be 1.5 to 1.75 inches, 1.0 to 1.75 inches, 1.5 to 2.0 inches, or 1.25 to 1.75 inches.

[0345] The clubhead 900 further includes a balance of various additional parameters such as head CG position, clubhead moment of inertia, and aerodynamic drag, providing both improved impact performance characteristics (e.g., spin, launch angle, velocity, forgiveness) and improved swing performance characteristics (e.g., air resistance, ability to square the clubhead at impact). In many embodiments, the balance of the parameters described below provides improved impact performance while maintaining or improving swing performance characteristics. Furthermore, in many embodiments, the balance of the parameters described below provides improved swing performance characteristics while maintaining or improving impact performance characteristics. A. Center of gravity and moment of inertia

[0346] In many embodiments, a low rearward clubhead CG and a high moment of inertia can be achieved by increasing and repositioning discretionary weights in the region of the clubhead where the distance from the head CG is greatest. As described above with respect to the head CG position, increased discretionary weights can be achieved by thinning the crown and / or using optimized materials. Repositioning discretionary weights to maximize the distance from the head CG can be achieved using removable weights, embedded weights, or a steep crown angle, as described above with respect to the head CG position.

[0347] In many embodiments, the club head 900 weighs approximately 3000 g·cm². 2 Larger than that, approximately 3250g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 3500g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 3750g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 4000g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 4250g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 4500g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 4750g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 5000g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 5250g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 5500g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 5750g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 6000g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 6250g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 6500g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 6750g·cm 2 Larger than, or approximately 7000g·cm 2 Includes a crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx that is greater than or equal to.

[0348] In many embodiments, the club head 900 weighs approximately 5000 g·cm. 2 Larger than that, approximately 5250g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 5500g·cm2 Larger than that, approximately 5750g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 6000g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 6250g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 6500g·cm 2 Larger than that, approximately 6750g·cm 2 Larger than, or approximately 7000g·cm 2 Includes a heel-toe moment of inertia Iyy that is greater than or equal to .

[0349] In many embodiments, the club head 900 has a weight of 8000 g·cm². 2 Larger than that, 8500g·cm 2 Larger than that, 8750g·cm 2 Larger than 9000g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9250g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9500g·cm 2 Larger than that, 9750g·cm 2 Larger than 10,000 g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10250g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10500g·cm 2 Larger than that, 10750g·cm 2 Larger than 11,000 g·cm 2 Larger than that, 11250g·cm 2 Larger than that, 1100g·cm 2 Larger than that, 11750g·cm 2 Larger than, or 12000g·cm 2 This includes a combined moment of inertia (i.e., the sum of the crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx and the heel-toe moment of inertia lyy) that is greater than or equal to .

[0350] In many embodiments, the club head 900 has a head CG height 974 of less than approximately 0.20 inches, less than approximately 0.15 inches, less than approximately 0.10 inches, less than approximately 0.09 inches, less than approximately 0.08 inches, less than approximately 0.07 inches, less than approximately 0.06 inches, or less than approximately 0.05 inches. Furthermore, in many embodiments, the club head 900 includes a head CG height 974 having an absolute value of less than approximately 0.20 inches, less than approximately 0.15 inches, less than approximately 0.10 inches, less than approximately 0.09 inches, less than approximately 0.08 inches, less than approximately 0.07 inches, less than approximately 0.06 inches, or less than approximately 0.05 inches.

[0351] Furthermore, in many embodiments, the club head 900 includes a head CG depth 972 that is greater than approximately 0.75 inches, greater than approximately 0.80 inches, greater than approximately 0.85 inches, greater than approximately 0.90 inches, greater than approximately 0.95 inches, or greater than approximately 0.10 inches.

[0352] A club head 900 with a reduced head CG height 974 can reduce the backspin of the golf ball at impact compared to a similar club head with a higher head CG height. In many embodiments, reducing backspin can increase both ball speed and flight distance to improve the performance of the club head. Furthermore, a club head 900 with an increased head CG depth 972 can increase the heel-toe moment of inertia compared to a similar club head with a head CG depth closer to the hitting surface. Increasing the heel-toe moment of inertia can increase the forgiveness of the club head at impact to improve the performance of the club head. Moreover, a club head 900 with an increased head CG depth 973 can increase the launch angle of the golf ball at impact by increasing the dynamic loft of the club head at impact compared to a similar club head with a head CG depth closer to the hitting surface.

[0353] A head CG height of 974 and / or head CG depth of 972 can be achieved by reducing the weight of the club head in various areas, thereby increasing the discretionary weight, and changing the discretionary weight in strategic areas of the club head to shift the head CG lower and further back. Various means for reducing and repositioning the weight of the club head are described below. i. Thin region

[0354] In some embodiments, the head CG height 974 and / or head CG depth 972 can be achieved by thinning various areas of the club head and removing excess weight. Removing the excess weight results in increased discretionary weight that can be strategically repositioned in the area of ​​the club head 900 to achieve a desired low, rearward club head CG position.

[0355] In many embodiments, the club head 900 may have one or more thin areas. One or more thin areas may be similar to or identical to one or more thin areas 376 of the club head 300, or one or more thin areas of the club heads 500, 700. One or more thin areas may be located on the striking surface 904, the body 902, or a combination of the striking surface 904 and the body 902. Furthermore, one or more thin areas may be located on any area of ​​the body 902, including the crown 916, sole 918, heel 920, toe 922, front end 908, back end 910, skirt 928, or any combination of the described locations. For example, in some embodiments, one or more thin areas may be located on the crown 916. In further examples, one or more thin areas may be located on a combination of the striking surface 904 and the crown 916. In further examples, one or more thin areas may be located on a combination of the striking surface 904, the crown 916, and the sole 918. In further examples, the entire body 902 and / or the entire striking surface 904 may include thin areas.

[0356] In embodiments where one or more thin areas are placed on the striking surface 904, the thickness of the striking surface 904 can vary, with a maximum striking surface thickness and a minimum striking surface thickness. In these embodiments, the minimum striking surface thickness may be less than 0.10 inches, less than 0.09 inches, less than 0.08 inches, less than 0.07 inches, less than 0.06 inches, less than 0.05 inches, less than 0.04 inches, less than 0.03 inches, or less than 0.02 inches. In these or other embodiments, the maximum striking surface thickness may be less than 0.20 inches, less than 0.19 inches, less than 0.18 inches, less than 0.17 inches, less than 0.16 inches, less than 0.15 inches, less than 0.14 inches, less than 0.13 inches, less than 0.12 inches, less than 0.11 inches, or less than 0.10 inches.

[0357] In embodiments where one or more thin regions are located on the main body 902, the thin regions may include a thickness of less than approximately 0.022 inches. In other embodiments, the thin regions include thicknesses of less than 0.025 inches, less than 0.020 inches, less than 0.019 inches, less than 0.018 inches, less than 0.017 inches, less than 0.016 inches, less than 0.015 inches, less than 0.014 inches, less than 0.013 inches, less than 0.012 inches, or less than 0.010 inches. For example, the thin regions may include thicknesses of approximately 0.010 to 0.025 inches, approximately 0.013 to 0.022 inches, approximately 0.014 to 0.020 inches, approximately 0.015 to 0.020 inches, approximately 0.016 to 0.020 inches, approximately 0.017 to 0.020 inches, or approximately 0.018 to 0.020 inches.

[0358] In the illustrated embodiment, the thin area differs in shape and position, covering approximately 25% of the surface area of ​​the club head 900. In other embodiments, the thin area can cover approximately 20-30%, 15-35%, 15-25%, 10-25%, 15-30%, or 20-50% of the surface area of ​​the club head 900. Furthermore, in other embodiments, the thin area can cover up to 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50% of the surface area of ​​the club head 900.

[0359] In many embodiments, the crown 916 includes one or more thin regions such that approximately 51% of the crown's surface area is thin. In other embodiments, the crown 916 includes one or more thin regions such that up to 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, or 75% of the crown is thin. For example, in some embodiments, approximately 40–60% of the crown 916 can be thin. In further examples, in other embodiments, approximately 35–65%, 30–70%, or 25–75% of the crown 916 can be thin. In some embodiments, the crown 916 can include one or more thin regions, each of which is tapered. In this exemplary embodiment, one or more thin regions of the crown 916 extend in the heel-toe direction, and each of the one or more thin regions has a decreasing thickness in the direction from the striking surface 904 toward the back end 910.

[0360] In many embodiments, the sole 918 includes one or more thin areas such that about 64% of the surface area of ​​the sole 918 includes thin areas. In other embodiments, the sole 918 may include one or more thin areas such that up to 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, or 75% of the sole 918 includes thin areas. For example, in some embodiments, about 40–60% of the sole 918 may include thin areas. In further examples, in other embodiments, about 35–65%, or about 30–70%, or about 25–75% of the sole 918 may include thin areas.

[0361] Thin regions can include any shape, such as a circle, triangle, square, rectangle, oval, or any other polygon or shape having at least one curved surface. Furthermore, one or more thin regions can be the same shape as the remaining thin regions, or different in shape.

[0362] In many embodiments, the club head 900 having a thin area can be manufactured using centrifugal casting. In these embodiments, centrifugal casting allows the club head 900 to have thinner walls than club heads manufactured using conventional casting. In other embodiments, the portion of the club head 900 having a thin area can be manufactured using other suitable methods such as punching, forging, or machining. In embodiments in which the portion of the club head 900 having a thin area is manufactured using punching, forging, or machining, the portions of the club head 900 can be joined using epoxy, tape, welding, mechanical fasteners, or other suitable methods. ii. Optimized materials

[0363] In some embodiments, the striking surface 904 and / or the body 902 may include an optimized material having increased specific strength and / or increased specific flexibility. Specific flexibility is measured as the ratio of the yield strength to the modulus of elasticity of the optimized material. Increasing specific strength and / or specific flexibility allows for thinning of a portion of the club head while maintaining durability.

[0364] In some embodiments, the first material of the striking surface 904 may be an optimized material as described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 399,929, entitled “Golf Club Head Having Optimized Material Properties”. In these or other embodiments, the first material, including an optimized titanium alloy, has a strength of approximately 900,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (224 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 910,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (227 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 920,000PSI / lb / in 3 (229 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 930,000PSI / lb / in 3 (232 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 940,000PSI / lb / in 3 (234 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 950,000PSI / lb / in 3 (237 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 960,000PSI / lb / in 3 (239 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 970,000PSI / lb / in 3 (242 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 980,000PSI / lb / in 3 (244 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 990,000PSI / lb / in 3 (247 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,000,000PSI / lb / in 3 (249 MPa / g / cm²) 3) or more, approximately 1,050,000PSI / lb / in 3 (262 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,100,000PSI / lb / in 3 (274 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, or approximately 1,150,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (286 MPa / g / cm²) 3 It can have a specific strength of ) or higher.

[0365] Furthermore, in these or other embodiments, the first material comprising the optimized titanium alloy may have a specific flexibility of about 0.0075 or more, about 0.0080 or more, about 0.0085 or more, about 0.0090 or more, about 0.0091 or more, about 0.0092 or more, about 0.0093 or more, about 0.0094 or more, about 0.0095 or more, about 0.0096 or more, about 0.0097 or more, about 0.0098 or more, about 0.0099 or more, about 0.0100 or more, about 0.0105 or more, about 0.0110 or more, about 0.0115 or more, or about 0.0120 or more.

[0366] In these or other embodiments, the first material, including an optimized steel alloy, has a strength of approximately 650,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (162 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 700,000PSI / lb / in 3 (174 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 750,000PSI / lb / in 3 (187 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 800,000PSI / lb / in 3 (199 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 810,000PSI / lb / in 3 (202 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 820,000PSI / lb / in 3 (204 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 830,000PSI / lb / in 3 (207 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 840,000PSI / lb / in 3(209 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 850,000PSI / lb / in 3 (212 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 900,000PSI / lb / in 3 (224 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 950,000PSI / lb / in 3 (237 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,000,000PSI / lb / in 3 (249 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ), approximately 1,050,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (262 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,100,000PSI / lb / in 3 (274 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,115,000PSI / lb / in 3 (278 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, or approximately 1,120,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (279 MPa / g / cm²) 3 It can have a specific strength of ) or higher.

[0367] Furthermore, in these or other embodiments, the first material, including the optimized steel alloy, can have a specific flexibility of about 0.0060 or more, about 0.0065 or more, about 0.0070 or more, about 0.0075, about 0.0080 or more, about 0.0085 or more, about 0.0090 or more, about 0.0095 or more, about 0.0100 or more, about 0.0105 or more, about 0.0110 or more, about 0.0115 or more, about 0.0120 or more, about 0.0125 or more, about 0.0130 or more, about 0.0135 or more, about 0.0140 or more, about 0.0145 or more, or about 0.0150 or more.

[0368] In these embodiments, the increased specific strength and / or increased specific flexibility of the optimized first material allows for thinning of the striking surface 904 or a portion thereof, as described above, while maintaining durability. By thinning the striking surface 904, the weight of the striking surface 904 can be reduced, thereby increasing the discretionary weight that can be strategically placed in other areas of the club head 900, which in turn allows the head CG to be positioned lower and further back, and / or increases the moment of inertia of the club head.

[0369] In some embodiments, the second material of the body 902 may be an optimized material as described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 399,929, entitled “Golf Club Head Having Optimized Material Properties”. In these or other embodiments, the second material, including an optimized titanium alloy, has a strength of approximately 730,500 PSI / lb / in 3 (182 MPa / g / cm²) 3 It can have a specific strength of 650,000 PSI / lb / in². For example, the specific strength of the optimized titanium alloy is approximately 650,000 PSI / lb / in². 3 (162 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 700,000PSI / lb / in 3 (174 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ), approximately 750,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (187 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 800,000PSI / lb / in 3 (199 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ), approximately 850,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (212 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 900,000PSI / lb / in 3 (224 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 950,000PSI / lb / in 3 (237 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,000,000PSI / lb / in 3 (249 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,050,000PSI / lb / in 3(262 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more. Or approximately 1,100,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (272 MPa / g / cm²) 3 It could be more than )

[0370] Furthermore, in these or other embodiments, the second material comprising the optimized titanium alloy may have a specific flexibility of about 0.0060 or more, about 0.0065 or more, about 0.0070 or more, about 0.0075, about 0.0080 or more, about 0.0085 or more, about 0.0090 or more, about 0.0095 or more, about 0.0100 or more, about 0.0105 or more, about 0.0110 or more, about 0.0115 or more, or about 0.0120 or more.

[0371] In these or other embodiments, the second material, including optimized steel, has a yield of approximately 500,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (125 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 510,000PSI / lb / in 3 (127 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 520,000PSI / lb / in 3 (130 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 530,000PSI / lb / in 3 (132 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 540,000PSI / lb / in 3 (135 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 550,000PSI / lb / in 3 (137 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 560,000PSI / lb / in 3 (139 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 570,000PSI / lb / in 3 (142 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 580,000PSI / lb / in 3 (144 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 590,000PSI / lb / in 3 (147 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 600,000PSI / lb / in3 (149 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 625,000PSI / lb / in 3 (156 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 675,000PSI / lb / in 3 (168 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 725,000PSI / lb / in 3 (181 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 775,000PSI / lb / in 3 (193 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 825,000PSI / lb / in 3 (205 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 875,000PSI / lb / in 3 (218 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 925,000PSI / lb / in 3 (230 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 975,000PSI / lb / in 3 (243 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,025,000PSI / lb / in 3 (255 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ) or more, approximately 1,075PSI / lb / in 3 (268 MPa / g / cm²) 3 ), or approximately 1,125,000 PSI / lb / in 3 (280 MPa / g / cm²) 3 It can have a specific strength of ) or higher.

[0372] Furthermore, in these or other embodiments, the second material, including the optimized steel, can have a specific flexibility of about 0.0060 or more, about 0.0062 or more, about 0.0064 or more, about 0.0066 or more, about 0.0068 or more, about 0.0070 or more, about 0.0072 or more, about 0.0076 or more, about 0.0080 or more, about 0.0084 or more, about 0.0088 or more, about 0.0092 or more, about 0.0096 or more, about 0.0100 or more, about 0.0105 or more, about 0.0110 or more, about 0.0115 or more, about 0.0120 or more, about 0.0125 or more, about 0.0130 or more, about 0.0135 or more, about 0.0140 or more, about 0.0145 or more, or about 0.0150 or more.

[0373] In these embodiments, the increased specific strength and / or increased specific flexibility of the optimized second material allows for thinning of the body 902 or any part thereof while maintaining durability. Thinning the body 902 can reduce the weight of the club head, thereby increasing the discretionary weight that can be strategically placed in other areas of the club head 900, which in turn allows the head CG to be positioned lower and further back, and / or increases the moment of inertia of the club head. iii. Removable weights

[0374] In some embodiments, the club head 900 may include one or more weight structures 980, each containing one or more removable weights 982. The one or more weight structures 980 and / or one or more removable weights 982 can be positioned toward the sole 918 and back end 910, thereby allowing discretionary weights to be positioned closer to the sole 918 and back end 910 of the club head, achieving a low, rearward head CG position. In many embodiments, the one or more weight structures 980 are detachably receptive to one or more removable weights 982. In these embodiments, one or more removable weights 982 can be coupled to the one or more weight structures 980 using any suitable method such as threaded fasteners, adhesives, magnets, snap-fits, or any other mechanism capable of securing one or more removable weights to one or more weight structures.

[0375] The weight structure 980 and / or removable weight 982 can be positioned relative to a clock grid 2000 (shown in Figure 3) which can be aligned with the striking surface 904 when viewed from a top view. The clock grid includes at least the 12 o'clock, 3 o'clock, 4 o'clock, 5 o'clock, 6 o'clock, 7 o'clock, 8 o'clock, and 9 o'clock rays. For example, the clock grid 2000 includes the 12 o'clock ray 2012 aligned with the geometric center 940 of the striking surface 904. The 12 o'clock ray 2012 is orthogonal to the X'Y' plane. The center of the clock grid 2000 can be positioned midpoint between the front end 908 and the back end 910 of the club head 900 along the 12 o'clock ray 2012. In the same or other examples, when viewed from a bottom view, the center point of the clock grid 2010 can be centered close to the geometric center point of the golf club head 900. The clock grid 2000 also includes a 3 o'clock radial 2003 extending toward the heel 920 and a 9 o'clock radial 2009 extending toward the toe 922 of the clubhead 900.

[0376] In this embodiment, the weight perimeter 984 of the weight structure 980 is positioned toward the backend 910 and is at least partially bounded between the 4 o'clock radiation 2004 and the 8 o'clock radiation 2008 of the clock grid 2000, while the removable weight 982 located within the weight structure 980 is positioned between the 5 o'clock radiation 2005 and the 7 o'clock radiation 2007. In examples like this one, the weight perimeter 984 is completely enclosed between the 4 o'clock radiation 2004 and the 8 o'clock radiation 2008. In this example, the weight perimeter 984 is defined outside the club head 900, but there may be other examples in which the weight perimeter 984 extends inside the club head 900 or is defined inside the club head 900. In some examples, the position of the weight structure 980 can be established over a wider area. For example, in such an example, the weight perimeter 984 of the weight structure 980 can be positioned toward a backend that is at least partially bounded between the 4 o'clock radiation 2004 and the 9 o'clock radiation 2009 of the clock grid 2000, while the weight center 986 may be located between the 5 o'clock radiation 2005 and the 8 o'clock radiation 2008.

[0377] In this example, the weight structure 980 protrudes from the external contour of the sole 918 and is therefore at least partially external to allow for greater adjustment of the head CG770. In some examples, the weight structure 980 may contain a mass of approximately 2 grams to approximately 50 grams and / or a volume of approximately 1 cc to approximately 30 cc. In other examples, the weight structure 980 may remain coplanar with the external contour of the body 902.

[0378] In many embodiments, the removable weight 982 may contain a mass of approximately 0.5 grams to approximately 30 grams and can be replaced with one or more other similar removable weights to adjust the position of the head CG970. In the same or other examples, the weight center 986 may include at least one of the center of gravity of the removable weight 982 and / or the geometric center 982 of the removable weight. iv. Embedded weights

[0379] In some embodiments, the clubhead 900 may include one or more embedded weights to achieve a low, rearward head CG position by positioning discretionary weights on the sole 918, within the skirt 928, and / or near the back end 910 of the clubhead 900. One or more embedded weights of the clubhead 900 may be similar to or identical to one or more embedded weights 383 of the clubhead 300, one or more embedded weights of the clubhead 500, or one or more embedded weights of the clubhead 700. In many embodiments, one or more embedded weights are permanently fixed to or within the clubhead 900. In these embodiments, the embedded weights may be similar to the high-density metal pieces (HDMP) described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 372,870, titled “Embedded High-Density Castings”.

[0380] In many embodiments, one or more embedded weights are positioned near the back end 910 of the club head 900. For example, the weight center of an embedded weight may be located between the 5 o'clock radiation 2005 and the 7 o'clock radiation 2007 of the clock grid 2000, or between the 5 o'clock radiation 2005 and the 8 o'clock radiation 2008. In many embodiments, one or more embedded weights may be positioned near the back end 910 of the club head 900 on the skirt 928, near the back end 910 of the club head 900 on the sole 918, or near the back end 910 of the club head 900 on both the skirt 928 and the sole 918.

[0381] In many embodiments, the weight centers of one or more embedded weights are positioned within 0.10 inches, 0.20 inches, 0.30 inches, 0.40 inches, 0.50 inches, 0.60 inches, 0.70 inches, 0.80 inches, 0.90 inches, 1.0 inch, 1.1 inches, 1.2 inches, 1.3 inches, 1.4 inches, or 1.5 inches around the club head 900 when viewed from above. In these embodiments, the proximity of the embedded weights to the periphery of the club head 900 maximizes a low, rearward head CG position, crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx, and / or heel-toe moment of inertia Iyy.

[0382] In many embodiments, the weight centers of one or more embedded weights are positioned at a distance greater than 1.6 inches, greater than 1.7 inches, greater than 1.8 inches, greater than 1.9 inches, greater than 2.0 inches, greater than 2.1 inches, greater than 2.2 inches, greater than 2.3 inches, greater than 2.4 inches, greater than 2.5 inches, greater than 2.6 inches, greater than 2.7 inches, greater than 2.8 inches, greater than 2.9 inches, or greater than 3.0 inches from the head CG970.

[0383] In many embodiments, the weight centers of one or more embedded weights are positioned at a distance greater than 4.0 inches, greater than 4.1 inches, greater than 4.2 inches, greater than 4.3 inches, greater than 4.4 inches, greater than 4.5 inches, greater than 4.6 inches, greater than 4.7 inches, greater than 4.8 inches, greater than 4.9 inches, or greater than 5.0 inches from the geometric center 940 of the striking surface 904.

[0384] In many embodiments, one or more embedded weights may have a mass of 3.0 to 120 grams. For example, in some embodiments, one or more embedded weights may have a mass of 3.0 to 25 grams, 10 to 40 grams, 20 to 50 grams, 30 to 60 grams, 40 to 70 grams, 50 to 80 grams, 60 to 90 grams, 70 to 100 grams, 80 to 120 grams, or 90 to 120 grams. In embodiments in which one or more embedded weights include two or more weights, each of the embedded weights may have the same or different masses.

[0385] In many embodiments, one or more embedded weights may include materials having a specific gravity between 10.0 and 22.0. For example, in many embodiments, one or more embedded weights may include materials having a specific gravity greater than 10.0, greater than 11.0, greater than 12.0, greater than 13.0, greater than 14.0, greater than 15.0, greater than 16.0, greater than 16.0, greater than 17.0, greater than 18.0, or greater than 19.0. In embodiments where one or more embedded weights include two or more weights, each of the embedded weights may include the same or different materials. v. Steep crown angle

[0386] In some embodiments, the golf club head 900 may further include a steep crown angle 988 to achieve a low, rearward position of the head CG. The steep crown angle 988 positions the back end of the crown 916 toward the sole 918 or the ground, thereby lowering the club head CG position.

[0387] The crown angle 988 is measured as the acute angle between the crown axis 1090 and the front surface 1020. In these embodiments, the crown axis is located within the cross-section of the club head as viewed along a plane perpendicular to the ground surface 1030 and the front surface 1020. The crown axis 1090 can be further described with reference to the upper transition boundary and the rear transition boundary.

[0388] The club head 900 includes an upper transition boundary extending from near the heel 920 to near the toe 922 between the front end 908 and the crown 916. The upper transition boundary includes a crown transition profile 990 as viewed from a side section taken along a plane perpendicular to the front surface 1020 and perpendicular to the ground surface 1030 when the club head 900 is in the address position. The side section can be taken at any point on the club head 900 from near the heel 920 to near the toe 922. The crown transition profile 990 defines a front radius of curvature 992 extending from the front end 908 of the club head 900 to the crown transition point 994, where the front end 908 of the club head 900 is the portion of the contour that deviates from the undulation and / or bulge range of the striking surface 904, and the crown transition point 994 indicates the change in curvature from the front radius of curvature 992 to the curvature of the crown 916. In some embodiments, the front radius of curvature 992 includes a single radius of curvature extending from the upper end 993 of the striking surface perimeter 942 near the crown 916 to the crown transition point 994, where the upper end 993 of the striking surface perimeter 942 near the crown 916 is the portion where the contour deviates from the undulation and / or bulging range of the striking surface 904, and the crown transition point 994 indicates a change in curvature from the front radius of curvature 992 to one or more curvatures of the crown 916.

[0389] The clubhead 900 further includes a rear transition boundary extending between the crown 916 and the skirt 928 from near the heel 920 to near the toe 922. The rear transition boundary includes a rear transition profile 996 as viewed from a side section view taken along a plane perpendicular to the front surface 1020 and perpendicular to the ground surface 1030 when the clubhead 900 is in the address position. The section view can be taken at any point on the clubhead 900 from near the heel 920 to near the toe 922. The rear transition profile 996 defines a back radius of curvature 998 extending from the crown 916 to the skirt 928 of the clubhead 900. In many embodiments, the back radius of curvature 998 includes a single radius of curvature that transitions along the rear transition boundary to the skirt 928 of the clubhead 900. A first rear transition point 1002 is located at the connection between the crown 916 and the rear transition boundary. The second rear transition point 1003 is located at the connection point between the rear transition boundary of the club head 900 and the skirt 928.

[0390] The front radius of curvature 992 of the upper transition boundary may remain constant, or it may vary from near the heel 920 to near the toe 922 of the club head 900. Similarly, the back radius of curvature 998 of the rear transition boundary may remain constant, or it may vary from near the heel 920 to near the toe 922 of the club head 900.

[0391] The crown axis 1090 extends between the crown transition point 994 near the front end 908 of the club head 900 and the rear transition point 1002 near the back end 910 of the club head 900. The crown angle 988 may remain constant or may vary from near the heel 920 to near the toe 922 of the club head 900. For example, the crown angle 988 may vary when the side cross-section is taken at different positions relative to the heel 920 and toe 922.

[0392] In many embodiments, reducing the crown angle 988 compared to the current clubhead produces a steeper crown or a crown positioned closer to the ground plane when the clubhead is in the address position. Thus, reducing the crown angle 988 can result in a lower head CG position compared to a clubhead with a higher crown angle. vi. Hosel sleeve weight

[0393] In some embodiments, the head CG height 974 and / or head CG depth 972 can be achieved by reducing the mass of the hosel sleeve 934. Removing the excess weight from the hosel sleeve 934 allows the increased discretionary weight to be strategically redistributed in the area of ​​the club head 900 to achieve the desired low rearward club head CG position.

[0394] Reducing the mass of the hosel sleeve 934 can be achieved by thinning the sleeve wall, reducing the height of the hosel sleeve 934, reducing the diameter of the hosel sleeve 934, and / or introducing voids in the wall of the hosel sleeve 934. In many embodiments, the mass of the hosel sleeve 934 may be less than 6 grams, less than 5.5 grams, less than 5.0 grams, less than 4.5 grams, or less than 4.0 grams. In many embodiments, a clubhead 900 with a reduced-mass hosel sleeve results in a lower (closer to the sole) and more rearward (closer to the backend) clubhead CG position than a similar clubhead with a heavier hosel sleeve. B. Air resistance

[0395] In many embodiments, the club head 900 includes a combination of a low, rearward CG position of the club head and an increased moment of inertia of the club head, along with reduced aerodynamic drag.

[0396] In many embodiments, the club head 900 experiences air resistance of less than approximately 1.0 lbf, less than 0.90 lbf, less than 0.80 lbf, less than 0.75 lbf, less than 0.70 lbf, less than 0.65 lbf, or less than 0.60 lbf when tested in a wind tunnel with a square face and a wind speed of 95 mph. In these or other embodiments, the club head 900 experiences air resistance of less than approximately 1.0 lbf, less than 0.90 lbf, less than 0.80 lbf, less than 0.75 lbf, less than 0.70 lbf, less than 0.65 lbf, or less than 0.60 lbf in computational fluid dynamics calculations with a square face and a wind speed of 95 mph. In these embodiments, the airflow experienced by the club head 900 with a square face is directed towards the striking surface 904 in a direction perpendicular to the X'Y' plane. As described below, a clubhead 900 with reduced air resistance can be achieved by various means. i. Crown angle and height

[0397] In some embodiments, reducing the crown angle 988 to form a steeper crown and a lower head CG position can lead to an undesirable increase in aerodynamic drag because it increases the separation of airflow over the crown during the swing. To prevent the increase in drag associated with the decrease in crown angle 988, the maximum crown height 1004 can be increased. The maximum crown height 1004 is the maximum distance between the crown 916 and the crown axis 1090 as seen in any side cross-sectional view of the club head along a plane parallel to the Y'Z' plane. In many embodiments, a larger maximum crown height 1004 results in a crown 916 with greater curvature. The greater the curvature of the crown 916, the further the point of airflow separation during the swing moves behind the club head 900. In other words, greater curvature allows the airflow to remain in contact with the club head 900 for a longer distance along the crown 916 during the swing. Moving the point of airflow separation backward on the crown 916 reduces aerodynamic drag and increases the swing speed of the club head, which can in turn increase the speed and distance of the ball. ii. Transition Profile

[0398] In many embodiments, the transition profiles from the striking surface 904 to the crown 916, from the striking surface 904 to the sole 918, and / or from the crown 916 to the sole 918 along the back end 910 of the clubhead 900, affect the aerodynamic drag on the clubhead 900 during the swing.

[0399] In some embodiments, a club head 900 having an upper transition boundary defining a crown transition profile 990 and a rear transition boundary defining a rear transition profile 996 further includes a sole transition boundary defining a sole transition profile 1010. The sole transition boundary extends between the front end 908 and the sole 918 from near the heel 920 to near the toe 922. The sole transition boundary includes the sole transition profile 1010 as viewed from a side section view along a plane parallel to the Y'Z' plane. The side section view can be taken at any point on the club head 900 from near the heel 920 to near the toe 922. The sole transition profile 1010 defines a sole radius of curvature 1012 extending from the front end 908 of the club head 900 to a sole transition point 1014, where the front end 908 of the club head 900 is the portion where the contour deviates from the undulation and / or bulge range of the striking surface 904, and the sole transition point 1014 indicates a change in curvature from the radius of curvature 1012 of the sole to the curvature of the sole 918. In some embodiments, the sole radius of curvature 1012 includes a single radius of curvature extending from the bottom end 1013 of the striking surface perimeter 942 near the sole 918 to the sole transition point 1014, where the bottom end 1013 of the striking surface perimeter 942 near the sole 918 is the portion where the contour deviates from the undulation and / or bulge range, and the sole transition point 1014 indicates a change in curvature from the radius of curvature 1012 of the sole to the curvature of the sole 1014.

[0400] In many embodiments, the crown transition profile 990, the sole transition profile 1010, and the rear transition profile 996 may be similar to the crown transition profile, sole transition profile, and rear transition profile described in U.S. Patent No. 15 / 233,486, entitled “Golf Club Head Having Transition Profiles for Reducing Aerodynamic Drag”. Furthermore, the front radius of curvature 992, the sole radius of curvature 1012, and the back radius of curvature 998 may be similar to the first crown-side radius of curvature, the first sole-side radius of curvature, and the back radius of curvature described in U.S. Patent No. 15 / 233,486, entitled “Golf Club Head Having Transition Profiles for Reducing Aerodynamic Drag”. iii. Turbulator

[0401] In some embodiments, the club head 900 may further include a plurality of turbulators 914, as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 536,753, granted December 17, 2013, now U.S. Patent No. 8,608,587, whose content is fully incorporated herein, and is titled “Golf Club Head with Turbulator and Method for Manufacturing a Golf Club Head”. In many embodiments, the plurality of turbulators 914 disturb the airflow, thereby creating small vortices or turbulence within the boundary layer, energizing the boundary layer and delaying the separation of airflow over the crown during the swing.

[0402] In some embodiments, multiple turbulators 614 may be adjacent to the crown transition point 394 of the club head 900. The multiple turbulators 914 project from the outer surface of the crown 916 and include a length extending between the front end 908 and the back end 910 of the club head 900, and a width extending from the heel 920 to the toe 922 of the club head 900. In many embodiments, the length of the multiple turbulators 914 is greater than the width. In some embodiments, the multiple turbulators 914 may have the same width. In some embodiments, the multiple turbulators 914 may have a varying height profile. In some embodiments, the multiple turbulators 914 may be taller towards the apex of the crown 916 compared to the front of the crown 916. In other embodiments, the multiple turbulators 914 may be taller towards the front of the crown 916 and shorter towards the apex of the crown 916. In other embodiments, the multiple turbulators 914 may have a constant height profile. Furthermore, in many embodiments, at least a portion of at least one turbulator is positioned between the striking surface and the apex of the crown 916, and the spacing between adjacent turbulators is greater than the width of each adjacent turbulator. iv. Back Cavity

[0403] In some embodiments, the club head 900 is located at the back-end 910 and trailing edge 928 of the club head 900 and may further include a cavity 1020 similar to the cavity described in U.S. Patent Application No. 14 / 882,092, entitled “Golf Club Head and Aerodynamic Features and Related Methods”. In many embodiments, the cavity 1024 can break down the vortices generated behind the golf club head 900 into smaller vortices, reducing the size of the turbulence and / or reducing drag. In some embodiments, by splitting the vortices into smaller vortices, a high-pressure region can be generated behind the golf club head 900. In some embodiments, this high-pressure region can push the golf club head 900 forward, reducing drag and / or improving the aerodynamic design of the golf club head 900. In many embodiments, the net effect of smaller vortices and reduced drag is an increase in the speed of the golf club head 900. This effect can result in the golf ball leaving the clubface faster after impact, potentially increasing the ball's flight distance.

[0404] In many embodiments, the cavity 1020 includes a rear wall 1022 oriented perpendicular to the X'Z' plane, and further includes a width, depth 1024, and height 1026 measured in the direction from heel 920 to toe 922. v. Hosel structure

[0405] In some embodiments, the hosel structure 930 may have a smaller outer diameter to reduce air resistance on the clubhead 900 during the swing compared to a similar clubhead having a larger diameter hosel structure. In many embodiments, the hosel structure 930 has an outer diameter of less than 0.553 inches. For example, the hosel structure 930 may have an outer diameter of less than 0.60 inches, less than 0.59 inches, less than 0.58 inches, less than 0.57 inches, less than 0.56 inches, less than 0.55 inches, less than 0.54 inches, less than 0.53 inches, less than 0.52 inches, less than 0.51 inches, or less than 0.50 inches. In many embodiments, the outer diameter of the hosel structure 930 is reduced while maintaining the adjustability of the loft angle and / or lie angle of the clubhead 900. Balance of CCG position, moment of inertia, and air resistance.

[0406] In current golf club head designs, increasing or maximizing the moment of inertia of a club head can negatively impact other performance characteristics of the club head, such as air resistance. The club head 900 described herein increases or maximizes the moment of inertia of the club head while simultaneously maintaining or reducing air resistance. Therefore, the club head 900, which improves impact performance characteristics (e.g., spin, launch angle, ball speed, and forgiveness), also balances or improves swing performance characteristics (e.g., air resistance, ability to square the club head at impact, and swing speed). V. Manufacturing method

[0407] In many embodiments, a method for forming the club head 100 may include the steps of forming the body 102, forming the striking surface 104, and joining the striking surface 104 to the body 102 to form the club head 100. In many embodiments, forming the body 102 may consist of casting, 3D printing, machining, or any other suitable method for forming the body 102. In some embodiments, the body may be formed as a single piece. In other embodiments, the body 102 may be formed from a plurality of components joined together to form the body 102.

[0408] In many embodiments, forming the striking surface 104 may consist of machining, 3D printing, casting, or other methods. In many embodiments, joining the striking surface 104 to the body 102 may be achieved by welding, mechanical fastening, or any other suitable method for joining the striking surface 104 to the body 102. VI. Example

[0409] (Example 1) Described herein is an exemplary golf club head 300 having a capacity of 466 cc, a depth of 4.81 inches 360, a length of 4.88 inches 362, and a height of 2.65 inches 364. The exemplary club head 300 includes several thin areas 376 on the crown 316, which comprise 57% of the surface area of ​​the crown 316 and have a minimum thickness of 0.013 inches. The exemplary club head 300 further includes a crown angle of 68.6 degrees 388 and a crown angle height of 0.522 inches 404.

[0410] The exemplary club head 300 includes an embedded weight 383 containing tungsten having a specific gravity between 14 and 15 and a mass of 14.5 grams. In this example, the distance from the weight center 387 of the embedded weight 383 to the circumference of the club head 300 is 0.183 inches when viewed from a top or bottom view. Furthermore, in this example, the distance from the weight center 387 to the head CG 370 is 2.67 inches, and the distance from the weight center 387 to the geometric center 340 of the striking surface 304 is 4.58 inches. The exemplary club head 300 further includes a weight structure 380 that houses a removable weight 382. In this example, the weight structure 380 protrudes at least partially from the outer contour of the sole 318. Furthermore, the exemplary club head 300 also includes a hosel sleeve 334 having a mass of 4.5 grams.

[0411] As a result of the parameters described above and / or additional parameters, the exemplary club head 300 includes a head CG depth of 1.87 inches 372 and a head CG height of 0.083 inches 374. Furthermore, as a result of the parameters described above and / or additional parameters, the exemplary club head 300 has a weight of 4258 g·cm². 2 Crown-Round sole moment of inertia Ixx, 5710 g·cm 2 The heel-toe moment of inertia is 1yy, and 9968 g·cm². 2 This includes the combined moment of inertia Ixx+lyy.

[0412] The exemplary clubhead 300 further includes a front radius of curvature of 0.24 inches 392, a sole radius of curvature of 0.30 inches 412, and a back radius of curvature of 0.20 inches 398. Furthermore, the exemplary clubhead 300 has a length of 6.73 inches. 2 (0.00434m 2 ) Front projected area: 8.73 in 2 (0.00563m 2This includes the hosel structure 330 with a lateral projected area and outer diameter of 0.54 inches. As a result of these and / or additional parameters, the exemplary clubhead 300 has an air resistance of 0.95 lbf when calculated using computational fluid dynamics against a square plane at an air velocity of 102 miles per hour (mph).

[0413] (Example 2) Described herein is an exemplary golf club head 500 having a capacity of 445 cc, a depth of 4.64 inches 560, a length of 4.77 inches 562, and a height of 2.66 inches 564. The exemplary club head 500 includes several thin areas 576 on the crown 316, which comprise 55% of the surface area of ​​the crown 516 and have a minimum thickness of 0.013 inches. The exemplary club head 500 further includes a crown angle of 70.0 degrees 588 and a crown angle height of 0.543 inches 604.

[0414] The exemplary club head 500 includes an embedded weight 583 containing tungsten having a specific gravity between 15 and 17 and a mass of 7 grams. In this example, the distance from the weight center 587 of the embedded weight 583 to the circumference of the club head 500 is 0.274 inches when viewed from a top or bottom view. Furthermore, in this example, the distance from the weight center 587 to the head CG 570 is 2.58 inches, and the distance from the weight center 587 to the geometric center 540 of the striking surface 504 is 4.31 inches. The exemplary club head 500 further includes a weight structure 580 that houses a removable weight 582. In this example, the weight structure 580 protrudes at least partially from the outer contour of the sole 518. Furthermore, the exemplary club head 500 also includes a hosel sleeve 534 having a mass of 4.5 grams.

[0415] As a result of the parameters described above and / or additional parameters, the exemplary club head 500 includes a head CG depth of 1.70 inches 572 and a head CG height of 0.113 inches 574. Furthermore, as a result of the parameters described above and / or additional parameters, the exemplary club head 500 has a weight of 3768 g·cm². 2 Crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx, 5379 g·cm 2 The heel-toe moment of inertia is Iyy, and it is 9147 g·cm. 2 This includes the combined moment of inertia Ixx+lyy.

[0416] The exemplary clubhead 500 further includes a front radius of curvature of 0.24 inches 592, a sole radius of curvature of 0.30 inches 612, and a back radius of curvature of 0.20 inches 598. Furthermore, the exemplary clubhead 500 is 6.40 in 2 (0.00413m 2 ) Frontal projected area, 8.18 in 2 (0.00528m 2 The exemplary club head 500 includes a hosel structure 530 with a lateral projected area and an outer diameter of 0.54 inches. Furthermore, the exemplary club head 500 also includes a back cavity 620 having a length of 1.7 inches, a height of 0.215 inches 626, and a depth of 0.75 inches 624. As a result of these parameters and / or additional parameters, the exemplary club head 500 has an air resistance of 0.83 lbf when calculated using computational fluid dynamics against a square plane at an air velocity of 102 miles per hour (mph).

[0417] The replacement of one or more claimed elements constitutes a reconstruction, not a repair. Furthermore, benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described in relation to specific embodiments. However, benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any elements that may produce or make more apparent any benefits, advantages, or solutions should not be construed as essential, necessary, or indispensable features or elements of such claims.

[0418] The rules of golf may change from time to time (for example, new rules may be applied or old rules may be repealed or modified by the golf standards body and / or governing bodies such as the United States Golf Association (USGA) and the Royal and Advanced Golf Association (R&A)), and the golf equipment relating to the apparatus, methods and / or products disclosed herein may or may not conform to the rules of golf at any time. Accordingly, the golf equipment relating to the apparatus, methods and / or products disclosed herein may be advertised, offered for sale and / or sold as conforming or non-conforming golf equipment. The apparatus, methods and / or products disclosed herein are not limited in this respect.

[0419] While the above embodiments may be described in relation to driver-type golf clubs, the apparatus, methods, and articles described herein can also be applied to other types of golf clubs, such as fairway wood-type golf clubs, hybrid-type golf clubs, iron-type golf clubs, wedge-type golf clubs, or putter-type golf clubs. Alternatively, the apparatus, methods, and articles described herein can also be applied to other types of sports equipment, such as hockey sticks, tennis rackets, fishing rods, ski poles, etc.

[0420] Furthermore, embodiments and limitations disclosed herein are not available to the public under the principle of public ownership if (1) embodiments and / or limitations are not expressly claimed in the claims and (2) are potential equivalents of obvious elements and / or limitations of the claims under the doctrine of equivalents.

[0421] Various features and advantages of this disclosure are described in the following claims.

Claims

1. A hollow golf club head, A body having a front end, a back end opposite the front end, a crown, a sole opposite the crown, a heel, a toe opposite the heel, a skirt adjacent to the crown and the sole, and a hosel structure having a hosel axis extending through the center of the hole, The striking surface is located at the front end and defines the geometric center, wherein the loft plane is tangent to the geometric center, and the head depth plane passes through the geometric center from the heel to the toe and is perpendicular to the loft plane. The loft angle of the club head is less than 16 degrees. The head center of gravity of the club head is located at the head CG depth from the loft plane, measured in a direction perpendicular to the loft plane, and at the head CG height from the head depth plane, measured in a direction perpendicular to the head depth plane. The head CG depth is greater than 1.2 inches. The head CG height is less than 0.20 inches. The crown-sole moment of inertia is 3000 g·cm. ２ Larger than, The heel-toe moment of inertia is 5000 g·cm. ２ Larger than, A golf club head in which, when subjected to a wind of 102 mph in a direction perpendicular to a plane that passes through the geometric center of the striking surface, is parallel to the hosel axis, and extends from the loft plane at the position of the loft angle, the club head experiences a drag force of less than 1.4 lbf.

2. The golf club head according to claim 1, wherein when subjected to a wind with a speed of 102 mph in a direction perpendicular to a plane that passes through the geometric center of the striking surface, is parallel to the hosel axis, and extends from the loft plane at the position of the loft angle, the club head experiences a drag force of less than 1.15 lbf.

3. The golf club head according to claim 1, further comprising one or more thin regions on the main body having a thickness of less than 0.02 inches.

4. The golf club head according to claim 1, further comprising embedded weights including weight centers positioned at one or more of the following locations. (a) A position within 0.5 inches of the club head. (b) A position greater than 2.2 inches from the head's center of gravity. (c) A position greater than 4.0 inches from the geometric center of the striking surface.

5. Front radius of curvature between 0.18 and 0.30 inches, It also features a back radius of curvature, The front radius of curvature extends from the upper end of the striking surface to the crown transition point, and the crown transition point indicates a change in curvature from the front radius of curvature to a different curvature of the crown. The golf club head according to claim 1, wherein the back radius of curvature extends along a rear transition boundary from a first rear transition point to a second rear transition point between the crown and the skirt of the club head, the first rear transition point is located at the connection between the crown and the rear transition boundary, and the second rear transition point is located at the connection between the rear transition boundary and the skirt of the club head.

6. Crown angle less than 79 degrees, It also features a maximum crown height greater than 0.50 inches, The crown angle is measured as the acute angle between the front surface and the crown axis. The crown axis extends through the crown transition point and the rear transition point of the club head, The golf club head according to claim 5, wherein the maximum crown height is measured as the maximum distance between the surface of the crown and the crown axis.

7. A hollow golf club head, A body having a front end, a back end opposite the front end, a crown, a sole opposite the crown, a heel, a toe opposite the heel, a skirt adjacent to the crown and the sole, and a hosel structure having a hosel axis extending through the center of the hole, The striking surface is located at the front end and defines the geometric center, wherein the loft plane is tangent to the geometric center, and the head depth plane passes through the geometric center from the heel to the toe and is perpendicular to the loft plane. The loft angle of the club head is less than 16 degrees. The head center of gravity of the club head is located at the head CG depth from the loft plane, measured in a direction perpendicular to the loft plane, and at the head CG height from the head depth plane, measured in a direction perpendicular to the head depth plane. When the club head is subjected to a wind with a speed of 102 mph in a direction perpendicular to the plane that passes through the geometric center of the striking surface, is parallel to the hosel axis, and extends from the loft plane at the position of the loft angle, the club head is subjected to a drag force F Ｄ Having experienced, The club head has a crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx, a heel-toe moment of inertia Iyy, and a combined moment of inertia Ixx + Iyy, which is measured as the sum of the crown-sole moment of inertia and the heel-toe moment of inertia. The aforementioned club head is a golf club head that satisfies relation A and one or more of relation B and relation C. Relationship A: (F Ｄ +2.7) / (0.0005(Ixx+Iyy))<1 Relationship B: F Ｄ <1.15 lbf Relationship C: Ixx + Iyy > 9000 g·cm ２

8. The golf club head according to claim 7, wherein the club head further satisfies relation D. Relationship D: (F Ｄ +3.8) / (0.0005(Ixx+Iyy))<1

9. The golf club head according to claim 7, wherein the head CG depth is greater than 1.2 inches.

10. The golf club head according to claim 7, further comprising one or more thin regions on the main body having a thickness of less than 0.02 inches.

11. The golf club head according to claim 7, further comprising embedded weights including weight centers positioned at one or more of the following locations. (a) A position within 0.5 inches of the club head. (b) A position greater than 2.2 inches from the head's center of gravity. (c) A position greater than 4.0 inches from the geometric center of the striking surface.

12. Front radius of curvature between 0.18 and 0.30 inches, It also features a back radius of curvature, The front radius of curvature extends from the upper end of the striking surface to the crown transition point, and the crown transition point indicates a change in curvature from the front radius of curvature to a different curvature of the crown. The golf club head according to claim 7, wherein the back radius of curvature extends along a rear transition boundary from a first rear transition point to a second rear transition point between the crown and the skirt of the club head, the first rear transition point is located at the connection point between the crown and the rear transition boundary, and the second rear transition point is located at the connection point between the rear transition boundary and the skirt of the club head.

13. Crown angle less than 79 degrees, It also features a maximum crown height greater than 0.50 inches, The crown angle is measured as the acute angle between the front surface and the crown axis. The crown axis extends through the crown transition point and the rear transition point of the club head, The golf club head according to claim 5, wherein the maximum crown height is measured as the maximum distance between the surface of the crown and the crown axis.

14. A hollow golf club head, A body having a front end, a back end opposite the front end, a crown, a sole opposite the crown, a heel, a toe opposite the heel, a skirt adjacent to the crown and the sole, and a hosel structure having a hosel axis extending through the center of the hole, The striking surface is located at the front end and defines the geometric center, wherein the loft plane is tangent to the geometric center, and the head depth plane passes through the geometric center from the heel to the toe and is perpendicular to the loft plane. The loft angle of the club head is less than 16 degrees. The head center of gravity of the club head is located at the head CG depth from the loft plane, measured in a direction perpendicular to the loft plane, and at the head CG height from the head depth plane, measured in a direction perpendicular to the head depth plane. When the club head is subjected to a wind with a speed of 102 mph in a direction perpendicular to the plane that passes through the geometric center of the striking surface, is parallel to the hosel axis, and extends from the loft plane at the position of the loft angle, the club head is subjected to a drag force F Ｄ Having experienced, The club head has a crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx, a heel-toe moment of inertia Iyy, and a combined moment of inertia Ixx + Iyy, which is measured as the sum of the crown-sole moment of inertia and the heel-toe moment of inertia. The aforementioned club head is a golf club head that satisfies relation A and one or more of relation B and relation C. Relationship A: (F Ｄ + 1.9) / (2.1 (head CG depth)) < 1 Relationship B: F Ｄ <1.15 lbf Relationship C: Head CG depth > 1.65 inches

15. The golf club head according to claim 14, wherein the club head further satisfies relation D. Relationship D: (F Ｄ +2.8) / (2.1 (head CG depth)) < 1

16. The aforementioned combined moment is 9000 g·cm ２ A golf club head larger than that of claim 14.

17. The golf club head according to claim 14, further comprising one or more thin regions on the main body having a thickness of less than 0.02 inches.

18. The golf club head according to claim 14, further comprising embedded weights including weight centers positioned at one or more of the following locations. (a) A position within 0.5 inches of the club head. (b) A position greater than 2.2 inches from the head's center of gravity. (c) A position greater than 4.0 inches from the geometric center of the striking surface.

19. Front radius of curvature between 0.18 and 0.30 inches, It also features a back radius of curvature, The front radius of curvature extends from the upper end of the striking surface to the crown transition point, and the crown transition point indicates a change in curvature from the front radius of curvature to a different curvature of the crown. The golf club head according to claim 14, wherein the back radius of curvature extends along a rear transition boundary from a first rear transition point to a second rear transition point between the crown and the skirt of the club head, the first rear transition point is located at the connection between the crown and the rear transition boundary, and the second rear transition point is located at the connection between the rear transition boundary and the skirt of the club head.

20. Crown angle less than 79 degrees, It also features a maximum crown height greater than 0.50 inches, The crown angle is measured as the acute angle between the front surface and the crown axis. The crown axis extends through the crown transition point and the rear transition point of the club head, The golf club head according to claim 19, wherein the maximum crown height is measured as the maximum distance between the surface of the crown and the crown axis.

21. A hollow golf club head, A body having a front end, a back end opposite the front end, a crown, a sole opposite the crown, a heel, a toe opposite the heel, a skirt adjacent to the crown and the sole, and a hosel structure having a hosel axis extending through the center of the hole, The striking surface is located at the front end and defines the geometric center, wherein the loft plane is tangent to the geometric center, and the head depth plane passes through the geometric center from the heel to the toe and is perpendicular to the loft plane. The volume of the club head is between 150 cubic centimeters and 400 cubic centimeters. The loft angle of the aforementioned club head is between 12 degrees and 35 degrees. The head center of gravity of the club head is located at the head CG depth from the loft plane, measured in a direction perpendicular to the loft plane, and at the head CG height from the head depth plane, measured in a direction perpendicular to the head depth plane. The head CG depth is greater than 1.0 inch. The head CG height is less than 0.20 inches. The crown-sole moment of inertia is 1600 g·cm. ２ Larger than, The heel-toe moment of inertia is 3100 g·cm. ２ Larger than, A golf club head in which, when subjected to a wind of 98 mph in a direction perpendicular to a plane that passes through the geometric center of the striking surface, is parallel to the hosel axis, and extends from the loft plane at the position of the loft angle, the club head experiences a drag force of less than 1.0 lbf.

22. The head CG height is less than 0.15 inches, The golf club head according to claim 21, wherein the head CG depth is greater than 1.2 inches.

23. The golf club head according to claim 21, further comprising one or more thin regions on the main body having a thickness of less than 0.02 inches.

24. A clock grid including at least radiation at 12 o'clock, 3 o'clock, 4 o'clock, 5 o'clock, 8 o'clock, and 9 o'clock, The club head is further provided with a weight structure having a weight surrounding and a removable weight, which is positioned toward the sole and the back end of the club head. The 12 o'clock radiation is aligned with the geometric center of the striking surface, and the center of the front clock grid is at the midpoint between the front front end and front back end of the clubhead along the 12 o'clock radiation. The radiation at 3 o'clock extends toward the heel of the club head, The golf club head according to claim 21, wherein the radiation at 9 o'clock extends toward the toe of the club head.

25. The golf club head according to claim 24, wherein the weight structure protrudes from the outer contour of the sole.

26. The golf club head according to claim 24, wherein the weight structure has a removable weight having a weight center located between the 5 o'clock radiation and the 8 o'clock radiation of the clock grid.

27. A hollow golf club head, A body having a front end, a back end opposite the front end, a crown, a sole opposite the crown, a heel, a toe opposite the heel, a skirt adjacent to the crown and the sole, and a hosel structure having a hosel axis extending through the center of the hole, The striking surface is located at the front end and defines the geometric center, wherein the loft plane is tangent to the geometric center, and the head depth plane passes through the geometric center from the heel to the toe and is perpendicular to the loft plane. The loft angle of the aforementioned club head is between 12 degrees and 35 degrees. The head center of gravity of the club head is located at the head CG depth from the loft plane, measured in a direction perpendicular to the loft plane, and at the head CG height from the head depth plane, measured in a direction perpendicular to the head depth plane. When the club head is subjected to a wind of 98 mph in a direction perpendicular to the plane that passes through the geometric center of the striking surface, is parallel to the hosel axis, and extends from the loft plane at the position of the loft angle, the club head is subjected to a drag force F Ｄ Having experienced, The club head has a crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx, a heel-toe moment of inertia Iyy, and a combined moment of inertia Ixx + Iyy, which is measured as the sum of the crown-sole moment of inertia and the heel-toe moment of inertia. The aforementioned club head is a golf club head that satisfies relation A and one or more of relation B and relation C. Relationship D: (F Ｄ +0.3) / (0.0002(Ixx+Iyy))<1 Relationship E: F Ｄ <1.0 lbf Relationship F: Ixx + Iyy > 5000 g·cm ２

28. The golf club head according to claim 27, wherein the club head further satisfies relation D. Relationship E: (F Ｄ +0.4) / (0.0002(Ixx+Iyy))<1

29. The head CG depth is greater than 1.0 inch. The golf club head according to claim 27, wherein the head CG height is less than 0.20 inches.

30. The golf club head according to claim 27, further comprising one or more thin regions on the main body having a thickness of less than 0.02 inches.

31. A clock grid including at least radiation at 12 o'clock, 3 o'clock, 4 o'clock, 5 o'clock, 8 o'clock, and 9 o'clock, The club head is further provided with a weight structure having a weight surrounding and a removable weight, which is positioned toward the sole and the back end of the club head. The 12 o'clock radiation is aligned with the geometric center of the striking surface, and the center of the front clock grid is at the midpoint between the front front end and front back end of the clubhead along the 12 o'clock radiation. The radiation at 3 o'clock extends toward the heel of the club head, The golf club head according to claim 27, wherein the radiation at 9 o'clock extends toward the toe of the club head.

32. The golf club head according to claim 31, wherein the weight structure protrudes from the outer contour of the sole.

33. The golf club head according to claim 31, wherein the weight structure has a removable weight having a weight center located between the 5 o'clock radiation and the 8 o'clock radiation of the clock grid.

34. A hollow golf club head, A body having a front end, a back end opposite the front end, a crown, a sole opposite the crown, a heel, a toe opposite the heel, a skirt adjacent to the crown and the sole, and a hosel structure having a hosel axis extending through the center of the hole, The striking surface is located at the front end and defines the geometric center, wherein the loft plane is tangent to the geometric center, and the head depth plane passes through the geometric center from the heel to the toe and is perpendicular to the loft plane. The loft angle of the aforementioned club head is between 12 degrees and 35 degrees. The head center of gravity of the club head is located at the head CG depth from the loft plane, measured in a direction perpendicular to the loft plane, and at the head CG height from the head depth plane, measured in a direction perpendicular to the head depth plane. When the club head is subjected to a wind of 98 mph in a direction perpendicular to the plane that passes through the geometric center of the striking surface, is parallel to the hosel axis, and extends from the loft plane at the position of the loft angle, the club head is subjected to a drag force F Ｄ Having experienced, The club head has a crown-sole moment of inertia Ixx, a heel-toe moment of inertia Iyy, and a combined moment of inertia Ixx + Iyy, which is measured as the sum of the crown-sole moment of inertia and the heel-toe moment of inertia. The aforementioned club head is a golf club head that satisfies relation A and one or more of relation B and relation C. Relationship D: (F Ｄ +1.65) / (2 (head CG depth)) < 1 Relationship E: F Ｄ <1.0 lbf Relationship F: Head CG depth > 1.0 inch

35. The golf club head according to claim 34, wherein the club head further satisfies relation D. Relationship E: (F Ｄ +1.8) / (2 (head CG depth)) < 1

36. The aforementioned combined moment of inertia is 5000 g·cm ２ A golf club head larger than that of claim 34.

37. The golf club head according to claim 34, further comprising one or more thin regions on the main body having a thickness of less than 0.02 inches.

38. A clock grid including at least radiation at 12 o'clock, 3 o'clock, 4 o'clock, 5 o'clock, 8 o'clock, and 9 o'clock, The club head is further provided with a weight structure having a weight surrounding and a removable weight, which is positioned toward the sole and the back end of the club head. The 12 o'clock radiation is aligned with the geometric center of the striking surface, and the center of the front clock grid is at the midpoint between the front front end and front back end of the clubhead along the 12 o'clock radiation. The radiation at 3 o'clock extends toward the heel of the club head, The golf club head according to claim 34, wherein the radiation at 9 o'clock extends toward the toe of the club head.

39. The golf club head according to claim 38, wherein the weight structure protrudes from the outer contour of the sole.

40. The golf club head according to claim 38, wherein the weight structure has a removable weight having a weight center located between the 5 o'clock radiation and the 8 o'clock radiation of the clock grid.

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