scale

Abstract

To provide a leveling rod that can be easily vertically erected and allows only a level person to make the leveling rod vertically and autonomously stand at its predetermined position and measure a difference of elevation by a level.SOLUTION: A measurement method for measuring a difference of elevation according to the present invention uses a leveling rod formed to have a swing beam including a leveling target and a weight in a lower end, and a support stand erected and fixed in a predetermined inclination direction with a measurement point P as an inclination center, and swingably supporting the swing beam. The method includes, first, erecting and fixing the stand by matching the measurement point P of the stand with a measurement point X of a measurement symmetry plane and matching the inclination direction of the stand with a vertical direction indicated by the swing beam, and then, collimating the target to measure the difference of elevation of the measurement point X.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a leveling rod used for measuring height differences using a level, and relates to a leveling rod that can measure height differences at a set measurement point even if the measurement target location is an inclined surface or the like. [Background technology]

[0002] Levels such as automatic levels, electronic levels, and laser levels are used to measure ground elevation differences and to set up level floors or surface plates. Such levels are set at reference positions, and elevation differences are measured by aiming a staff set at a predetermined position. For this reason, it is important to identify the position of the staff set at the predetermined position and whether it is vertical, and various proposals have been made to perform accurate elevation differences.

[0003] For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a surveying target that is installed at a measurement point and has a reflector that reflects light emitted from a surveying instrument. The surveying target includes a support that supports the reflector and a centering means that is integrally attached to the support and positions the reflector relative to the measurement point. This surveying target allows the laser scanner to accurately detect the measurement point, even when used for surveying. It also allows workers to easily center the surveying target accurately and in a short amount of time.

[0004] Patent Document 2 proposes a staff that is collimated by a level, and that is provided with an inclination direction determination member on the surface directly facing the level, whose display changes in accordance with the inclination of the level with respect to the line of sight. With this staff, an operator on the staff side rocks the staff back and forth, and the smallest number that the operator who is collimating from the level can read is taken as the collimation height (waving method), and it is said that this staff can reliably pass through a position perpendicular to the line of sight.

[0005] Patent Document 3 proposes an electronic level that reads the scale of a staff that is swung back and forth at a predetermined cycle and automatically calculates the aiming position on the staff, and that is equipped with a notification means configured to notify a staff-side operator of the timing to sway the staff. With this electronic level, when measuring a difference in elevation using the waving method, the staff-side operator can sway the staff at the optimal timing simply by swaying the staff in accordance with the notified swing timing, so that the difference in elevation can be measured accurately without relying on the intuition or skill of the staff-side operator.

[0006] Meanwhile, a method has been proposed for measuring elevation differences with high accuracy by correcting measurements collimated with an electronic level using a staff inclination angle measurement means.For example, Patent Document 4 proposes a system for measuring floor smoothness, which includes a cylindrical staff that is placed on the floor to be measured, a light-receiving sensor provided on the outer surface of the staff, an inclination sensor that detects the inclination of the staff, a range sensor that is installed at a reference position away from the floor to be measured and that irradiates a laser beam horizontally and detects the light that hits the staff's light-receiving sensor and bounces back to obtain distance measurement data, and a calculation means that calculates the three-dimensional position of the floor on which the staff is placed based on the laser beam detection position detected by the light-receiving sensor, the distance measurement data obtained by the range sensor, and the inclination of the staff detected by the inclination sensor. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-220476 [Patent Document 2] JP 2017-44610 A [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-138745 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2018-185181 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] Elevation surveys and other similar tasks generally require at least two people, a level operator and a staff operator, but proposals have been made to reduce the burden on the staff operator. Specifically, the surveying target described in Patent Document 1 is provided with a centering means for positioning the reflector, and the staff operator can set the staff based on this centering means. The electronic levels described in Patent Documents 2 and 3 have the advantage that, when measuring elevation differences using the waving method, the staff operator's burden is reduced and no skill is required. The staff in the smoothness measurement system described in Patent Document 4 has an inclination sensor and is supported by an operator, but does not necessarily need to be held vertically.

[0009] However, there is a need to further reduce the burden on the staff in height difference surveying by not requiring them to be highly skilled. There is also a need for a measurement method that allows for high-precision height difference surveying without being expensive. Essentially, height difference surveying can only be performed with the staff set up vertically in a predetermined position, making it possible to perform more accurate height difference surveying.

[0010] In view of the above-mentioned problems and demands of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a staff that can be easily set upright, and that allows a leveller alone to set the staff upright in a predetermined position and to measure elevation differences using a level. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] The staff according to the present invention is a staff having a level target and a pendulum equipped with a weight at the lower end, and a support stand for swingably supporting the pendulum, the support stand comprising a base, a spherical seat placed on the base, and a stand body erected on the spherical seat, the stand body having a rod support arm extending from the upper part of the stand body in a direction perpendicular to the center line S of the stand body to swingably support the pendulum, and a marker plate extending from the lower part of the stand body in a direction perpendicular to the center line S; and a stand shaft having a center line of the center line S, the stand shaft having an end member at its lower end which penetrates the base and whose end is engaged with a spherical smooth surface provided on the bottom side of the base, the end member tilting around a measuring point P provided on the bottom surface of the base as its tilting center, the marker plate having a vertical point M on its plate surface, the vertical point M and the support center C of the swing rod support part of the rod support arm being at an equal distance L from the center line S and being provided on the same plane which includes the center line S.

[0012] In the above invention, the support stand preferably has a compression spring that causes the stand body to press the spherical seat with a predetermined pressing force when the stand shaft is screwed into the support stand.

[0013] In addition, the marker plate preferably has a marking indicating a vertical point M, a circle centered on the vertical point M, and a horizontal axis la perpendicular to the center line S and a vertical axis ma perpendicular to the horizontal axis la, with the vertical point M as the origin.

[0014] Furthermore, it is preferable that the base has an origin at the point where a vertical line passing through measurement point P on the center line of the base intersects with the top surface of the base, and that the top surface of the base is provided with a mark indicating a horizontal axis lb that passes through the origin and is parallel to the center line of the base, and a vertical axis mc that is perpendicular to this, as well as a mark indicating auxiliary point Q, which is a point on the horizontal axis pr at a distance L from the origin, and a vertical axis mb that is perpendicular to the horizontal axis pr at auxiliary point Q.

[0015] The staff according to the present invention comprises a level target, a pendulum equipped with a weight at the bottom end, and a support stand that is fixed upright in a predetermined tilting direction with the measurement point P as the tilting center and supports the pendulum so that it can swing freely, and the support stand can have a marker plate that indicates the difference between the center line direction V1 of the support stand and the vertical direction V0 indicated by the pendulum. This makes it possible to configure a simple staff.

[0016] In the above-mentioned simple staff, the support stand can comprise a base having a measurement point P and fixed so that the measurement point P coincides with the measurement point X set at the location to be measured, a stand body having an end member that penetrates the base and engages with a spherical smooth surface provided on the underside of the base, and a fastening member that engages with a wedge surface provided on the upper side of the base to secure the stand body to the base.

[0017] Furthermore, the method for measuring elevation differences according to the present invention uses a level target, a pendulum rod equipped with a weight at its lower end, and a staff having a support stand that is fixed upright in a predetermined tilting direction with measurement point P as its tilting center and that supports the pendulum rod so that it can swing freely. First, measurement point P of the support stand is aligned with measurement point X of the location to be measured, and the tilting direction of the support stand is aligned with the vertical direction indicated by the pendulum, and the support stand is fixed upright, and then the target is sighted and the elevation difference at measurement point X is measured. [Effects of the Invention]

[0018] The staff of the present invention can stand upright in a predetermined position without requiring any complicated adjustment mechanisms or operations to set the staff upright. This staff enables high-precision height difference surveying using a level, and allows the level operator to carry out the survey without a staff operator. Furthermore, even if the location to be measured is an inclined surface, the staff can carry out height difference surveying at the set measurement point. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0019] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for measuring the elevation difference at measurement point X according to the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a staff according to the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing details of the stand body portion of the staff shown in FIG. 2. [Figure 4] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing details of the support portion of the swing rod of the staff shown in FIG. 2, etc. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the staff according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] An embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. A measurement method for measuring the elevation difference at measurement point X set at measurement location GP according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1. This measurement method uses a level target and a pendulum rod with a weight at its lower end, as shown in FIG. 1, and a staff having a support stand that is fixed upright and tilted in a predetermined tilting direction with measurement point P as the tilting center, and that supports the pendulum rod so that it can swing freely. First, measurement point P on the support stand is aligned with measurement point X at the measurement location, and the tilting direction of the support stand is aligned with the vertical direction indicated by the pendulum rod, and the support stand is fixed upright. Next, the target is collimated to measure the elevation difference at measurement point X.

[0021] As shown in Figure 1, the support stand can be tilted around a measurement point P on the support stand and can be fixed upright in a predetermined tilting direction. For example, if the measurement target (ground) GP is an inclined surface, the staff is installed as shown by the solid line in Figure 1. The staff support stand supports the staff so that it can swing freely at the support center C of the staff support arm's staff support section, and the staff faces the vertical direction V0. At this time, the center line direction V1 of the support stand is tilted relative to the vertical direction V0, resulting in a misalignment. If the support stand is tilted so that the center line direction V1 and the vertical direction V0 become parallel in the plane containing them and the misalignment is eliminated, the staff will be perpendicular to the horizontal line HP, as shown by the dashed line in Figure 1. In this state, the elevation difference at measurement point X can be measured by aiming at a level target on the staff.

[0022] In this measurement method, a marker plate is attached to the staff support stand, extending parallel to the rod support arm, below the rod support arm. When the support stand is perpendicular to the horizontal line HP, the point where the center line of the pendulum rod (vertical direction V0) intersects with the marker plate is designated as vertical point M. Using the weight and vertical point M as an index, the support stand can be tilted so that the center line direction V1 of the support stand is parallel to the vertical direction V0. This measurement method eliminates the need to erect the pendulum rod on measurement point X, allowing the staff to be positioned in accordance with the measurement area where measurement point X is set. In the above-described staff, the center line of the support stand, the support center C, and vertical point M are on the same plane, and the distance L from support center C to the center line of the support stand is equal to the distance L from vertical point M to the center line of the support stand. The plane formed by the center line of the support stand, support center C, and vertical point M forms, in a sense, the reference plane of the staff. Distance L can be adjusted to match the measurement area of ​​measurement point X, enabling efficient measurements.

[0023] An example of a staff according to the present invention is shown in Figures 2 to 4. Figure 2 shows the overall structure of the staff, Figure 3 shows details of the staff support stand, and Figure 4 shows details of the support part of the pendulum rod. As shown in Figure 2, a staff 10 according to the present invention has a pendulum rod 15 and a support stand 11 that supports the pendulum rod 15 so that it can swing freely. The pendulum rod 15 has a level target 15a and a weight 16 at its lower end, and is supported by a rod support arm 115 that extends from the top of the support stand 11 (stand body 110). The pendulum rod 15 is always oriented in the vertical direction V0 due to the weight 16.

[0024] The wobble rod 15 is preferably a lightweight, cylindrical rod made of aluminum or other suitable material. The wobble rod 15 may be a one-piece structure, or it may be a split structure consisting of a wobble rod body 150, the upper part of which is supported by the rod support arm 115 and the lower end of which is removably fitted with a sinker 16, and a target 151 connected to the upper part of the wobble rod via a joint 153 (see FIGS. 2 and 4). This allows the desired target 151 or sinker 16 to be attached to the wobble rod 15. The target is provided with a measurement scale, and a mark 15b may be provided for easy recognition. The scale may be a bar code or a reflective surface that reflects light. This allows it to be used as a staff for an automatic level, electronic level, or laser level. In a wobble rod 15 having a target portion extending from the upper part of the rod support arm 115, a stable staff with minimal wobble in strong winds can be formed by appropriately balancing the length and weight of the upper and lower parts of the wobble rod 15 from the rod support arm 115. The scale can also be provided on the rod body 150.

[0025] The support stand 11 includes a base 12, a spherical seat 13 placed on the base, and a stand body 110 erected on the spherical seat. The stand body 110 includes a rod support arm 115 extending from the upper part of the stand body in a direction perpendicular to the center line S of the stand body 110 to swingably support a swing rod 15, and a marker plate 116 extending from the lower part of the stand body in a direction perpendicular to the center line S. The stand body 110 also includes a stand shaft 14 having an upper end threadedly connected to a tightening nut 145 that presses against the upper end of the stand body 110, a lower end that penetrates the base 12, and an end member 141 that engages with a spherical smooth surface 12a on the bottom of the base 12, and a center line that coincides with the center line S (FIGS. 2 and 3). The end member 141 tilts around a measurement point P located on the bottom of the base 12. The end member 141 can be detached via a nut 142 on the stand shaft 14. The stand shaft 14 and the stand main body 110 can be attached to or detached from the base 12 via this end member 141. Tilting refers to changing (inclining) the direction of the center line of the stand shaft 14, etc.

[0026] As shown in FIG. 3 , the stand body 110 and stand shaft 14 of the support stand 11 share a center line S. Due to spherical sliding on the spherical smooth surface 12a of the end member 141, the stand body 110 tilts around a measurement point P located on the bottom surface of the base 12. In other words, the center lines of the stand body 110, stand shaft 14, and support stand 11 coincide with the center line S. The stand body 110 is disposed on a spherical seat 13 and tilts in a predetermined direction. To tilt the stand body 110 in a predetermined direction and to secure it upright on the base 12, it is preferable to provide a compression spring 136 so that the stand body 110 presses the spherical seat 13 with a predetermined pressure. In this case, it is preferable that the stand body 110 presses the spherical seat 13 via a spring seat 135, as shown in FIG. 3 . The spring seat 135 serves as a seat surface for the compression spring 136 and also functions as an engagement portion between the stand body 110 and the spherical seat 13 by fitting the lower end of the stand body 110 therein.

[0027] To assemble the support stand 11, first secure the nut 137 at an appropriate position on the stand shaft 14 to ensure the compression allowance of the compression spring 136. Next, with the support stand 11 without the end member 141, the lower end of the stand shaft 14 is inserted through the spring seat 135, spherical seat 13, and base 12, and the end member 141 is screwed onto the nut 142. At this time, the end member 141 is tightened so that the staff 10 with the pendulum rod 15 attached to the support stand 11 can stand on its own. Finally, tilt the support stand 11 in the specified direction, adjust the clamping nut 145 to fix the staff 10 on the measurement point, and then measure the elevation difference. The adjustment amount of the clamping nut 145 should be one to two pitches. The independence or tiltability of the staff 10 can be adjusted by adjusting the height position of the nut 137 and the amount of screwing in of the end member 141 or stand shaft 14 (clamping nut 145).

[0028] FIG. 4(a) shows the details of the part of the split-type swing rod 15 where the swing rod 15 is supported by the rod support arm 115 of the stand main body 110. The rod support arm 115 has a spherical joint 115a, which can support the swing rod 15 so that it can swing freely. A rod-end spherical plain bearing can be used for the spherical joint 115a. As described above, the swing rod 15 of this example has the lower swing rod main body 150 and the upper target 151 connected via the joint 153 and lock nut 155. The center of the joint 153 is supported by the spherical joint 115a. The swing rod 15 swings around the support center C of the spherical joint 115a.

[0029] 1 and 4(b), the marker plate 116 is provided so as to protrude from the lower part of the stand main body 110 in a direction perpendicular to the center line S of the stand main body 110 or the support stand 11, and is provided parallel to the rod support arm 115. On the surface of the marker plate 116, it is preferable to provide a marking at a position distance L from the center line S, which indicates a vertical point M, a circle centered at the vertical point M, and a horizontal axis la that is perpendicular to the center line S and has the vertical point M as its origin, and a vertical axis ma that is perpendicular to the horizontal axis la. The marker plate 116 can be configured so that a display unit 116b is detachably provided on a support arm 116a that protrudes from the support stand 110, and it is preferable that the display unit 116b is transparent so that the top surface of the base 12 can be seen through.

[0030] The vertical point M of the marker plate 116, the center line S of the support stand, and the support center C of the pendulum rod support part of the rod support arm 115 form the reference plane of the staff. When the center line S is perpendicular to the horizontal line HP, the support center C of the pendulum rod support part and the vertical point M are on a vertical line passing through the support center C. In other words, the direction and degree of tilt of the support stand can be detected based on the position of the tip of the weight 16 of the pendulum rod 15 relative to the vertical point M (deviation from the vertical point M). If the display unit 116b of the marker plate 116 is transparent, the relationship between the auxiliary point Q provided on the base 12 (described below) and the vertical point M (degree and direction of deviation from the vertical direction) can be detected. In this case, the marker plate 116 needs to be provided at an appropriate position and height relative to the base 12 of the support stand 11.

[0031] A measurement point P is provided on the bottom surface of the base 12 (FIGS. 2 and 3), and the support stand 11 tilts around the measurement point P. This measurement point P is located at the intersection of the center line of the base 12 and the center line S of the support stand 11. As shown in FIG. 4(c), the top surface of the base 12 should be provided with a marking indicating a horizontal axis lb that passes through the origin and is parallel to the center line of the base 12, a vertical axis mc that is perpendicular to the horizontal axis lb, and an auxiliary point Q that is a point on the horizontal axis pr at a distance L from the origin, and a vertical axis mb that is perpendicular to the horizontal axis lb at the auxiliary point Q. This allows the location of the measurement point P located on the bottom surface of the base to be estimated. Although the measurement point P is a design point, a marking indicating the measurement point P may also be provided.

[0032] The above describes the staff according to the present invention, but the staff according to the present invention may have the configuration shown in FIG. 5. Such a staff can be lightweight and simple. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, this staff 10 includes a level target 30a and a pendulum rod 30 equipped with a weight 30b at its lower end, and a support stand 20 that is fixed in an upright position in a predetermined tilting direction with measurement point P as its tilting center and supports the pendulum rod 30 so that it can swing freely. The support stand 20 has a marker plate 20b that indicates the deviation between the center line direction V1 of the support stand and the vertical direction V0 indicated by the pendulum rod 30. In this staff 10, the support stand 20 is tilted so that the deviation between the center line direction V1 of the support stand indicated by the marker plate 20b and the vertical direction V0 of the pendulum rod 30 is eliminated. That is, the support stand 20 is tilted so that it is perpendicular to the horizontal line HP and then fixed in an upright position. Then, the elevation difference at measurement point P (measurement point X) is measured by sighting the target 30a.

[0033] In this type of staff, the support stand 20 supports the pendulum rod 30 so that it can swing freely, as described above, and is fixed upright in a predetermined tilting direction with the measurement point P as the tilting center. The support stand 20 is preferably configured as follows. Specifically, the support stand 20 has a base 22 that has the measurement point P and is fixed so that the measurement point P coincides with the measurement point X set at the measurement target location 50; a stand body 21 that has an end member 20c that penetrates the base 22 and engages with a spherical smooth surface 22a on the underside of the base 22; and a fastening member 23 that engages with a wedge surface 22b on the upper side of the base 22 to secure the stand body 21 to the base 22. The stand body 21 has a rod support portion 20a that swingably supports the pendulum rod 30 and a marker plate portion 20b. The fastening member 23 may have a wedge portion 23a that engages with the wedge surface 22b and a nut portion 23b that moves it back and forth and fixes it relative to the stand body 21. It is preferable to provide a vertical point M on the marker plate portion 20b that indicates the vertical direction V0 when the support stand 20 is perpendicular to the horizontal line. In such a staff, the center line of the support stand 20 (stand body 21), the support center C of the swing rod 30 of the rod support portion 20a, and the vertical point M form the reference construction plane of the staff. Furthermore, the method of erecting and fixing the stand body 21 in a predetermined tilting direction is not limited to the above-mentioned engagement method using a wedge surface and a wedge portion, and other methods may be used. [Explanation of symbols]

[0034] 10 Leveling rod 11 Support stand 110 Stand body 115 Rod support arm 116 Marker Board 12 Foundation 13 Spherical seat 135 Spring seat 136 Compression spring 137 Nut 14 Stand axis 141 End member 142 Nut 145 Clamping nut 15 Fishing Rod 150 Swivel rod body 151 Target 153 Joints 155 Locking nut 16 weight 20 Support Stand 21 Stand body 22 Foundation 23 Fastening member 30 Sharp Rod 50 measurement points

Claims

1. A staff having a target for leveling, a swing rod having a weight at the lower end, and a support stand that supports the swing rod so that it can swing freely, The support stand comprises a base, a spherical seat placed on the base, a stand body erected on the spherical seat, the stand body having a rod support arm extending from the top of the stand body in a direction perpendicular to the center line S of the stand body and supporting the swing rod so that it can swing freely, and a marker plate extending from the bottom of the stand body in a direction perpendicular to the center line S, and a stand shaft having an upper end threadedly connected to a tightening nut that presses the upper end of the stand body and a lower end that penetrates the base and has an end member that engages with a spherical smooth surface provided on the bottom side of the base, and whose center line is the center line S, The end member tilts around a measurement point P provided on the bottom surface of the base as a tilting center, The marker plate has a vertical point M on its plate surface, and the vertical point M and the support center C of the swing rod support part of the rod support arm are at the same distance L from the center line S and are arranged on the same plane including the center line S.

2. 2. The staff according to claim 1, wherein the support stand has a compression spring that presses the spherical seat with a predetermined pressing force when the stand shaft is screwed into the support stand.

3. 3. The staff according to claim 1, wherein the marker plate is provided with a marking indicating a vertical point M, a circle centered at the vertical point M, and a horizontal axis la perpendicular to the center line S and a vertical axis ma perpendicular to the horizontal axis la, with the vertical point M as the origin.

4. 4. A staff according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the base has an origin at the point where a vertical line passing through a measurement point P on the center line of the base intersects with the top surface of the base, and is provided on the top surface of the base with a mark indicating a horizontal axis lb that passes through the origin and is parallel to the center line of the base and a vertical axis mc that is perpendicular to the horizontal axis lb, and a mark indicating an auxiliary point Q that is a point on the horizontal axis lb at a distance L from the origin and a vertical axis mb that is perpendicular to the horizontal axis lb at auxiliary point Q.

5. A staff having a level target and a pendulum rod with a weight integrally attached to its lower end, and a support stand that is fixed upright in a predetermined tilting direction with a measurement point P in a measurement area as the tilting center and supports the pendulum rod so that it can swing freely, The swing rod is supported by a rod support part that extends in a direction perpendicular to the center line of the support stand, and is swingably supported by the rod support part.

6. The staff described in claim 5, characterized in that the support stand comprises: a base having a measurement point P and fixed so that the measurement point P coincides with a measurement point X set at the measurement location; a stand body having an end member that penetrates the base and engages with a spherical smooth surface provided on the underside of the base; and a fastening member that engages with a wedge surface provided on the upper side of the base to secure the stand body to the base.

7. Using the measuring rod described in claim 1 or 5, first, a support stand is placed on measurement point P of the measurement target area, and the support stand is tilted so that the vertical direction indicated by the swing rod is on measurement point X of the height measurement target, and the support stand is fixed upright while maintaining that state; Then, the measurement method involves sighting the target of the swing rod and measuring the elevation difference of the measurement point X.

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