Golf club head with a grid pattern

Abstract

Described herein are embodiments of golf club heads having an internal lattice structure. The golf club heads can be iron-type or putter-type club heads. The lattice structure can have varying beam thicknesses that correlate to the effective density profile of the lattice. The effective density of the lattice structure can be 0 g / mm 3 to 0.0075g / mm 3 to achieve beneficial product of inertia values ​​for irons and forward CG positions for putters. For irons, the product of inertia Ixy is -40g in 2 The product of inertia Ixz can be -25g in 2 or less, thereby improving side spin for high and low face impacts. The lattice structure can concentrate mass in the high toe and low heel quadrants or regions of the iron to achieve higher product of inertia values. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application claims the benefits of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 078,257, filed on 14 September 2020, and incorporates its contents herein by reference.

[0002] This disclosure relates, in whole, to golf equipment, and more particularly to golf club heads for irons and putters, and to methods for manufacturing the same. [Background technology]

[0003] This specification describes iron-type and putter-type golf club heads. The forgiveness of an iron-type golf club head corresponds to the moment of inertia (MOI) value of the club head. A larger MOI improves shot accuracy for off-center hits to the club head face, especially hits closer to the heel or toe of the face. Furthermore, the off-axis moment of inertia value, often called the product of inertia (POI), affects the sidespin response for hits closer to the top rail or sole. Often, the body of an iron-type golf club head is formed from a single material with uniform density throughout. However, some iron designs increase the MOI by using multiple materials in a single head design or by attaching high-density weights around the club head. However, these means of positioning mass are limited in their ability to increase the MOI, approach the optimal POI, and preferably position the center of gravity (CG). In this field, there is a need for iron-type golf club heads that can achieve a high MOI for forgiveness and a desirable POI for the benefit of sidespin, without compromising durability in any way.

[0004] Similar to iron-type club heads, putters often feature a solid body formed from a single material. A putter's performance can be quantified by the horizontal launch angle, which correlates with the ball's offline movement during putting. The horizontal launch angle can be influenced by the position of the putter head's center of gravity (CG). Positioning the CG within the putter can be achieved by shifting mass. Shifting mass requires adding material to the periphery or removing material from the center. In this field, there is a need for iron-type golf club heads that can achieve a high MOI and a favorable CG position without compromising durability. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0005] [Figure 1] This is a front view showing an iron-type club head with a lattice structure according to one embodiment.

[0006] [Figure 2] Figure 1 is a rear view of the iron-type club head.

[0007] [Figure 3] Figure 1 is a toe-side view of an iron-type club head.

[0008] [Figure 4] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II of an iron-type club head, showing the lattice structure filling the internal cavity.

[0009] [Figure 5A] This figure shows a grid unit according to the first embodiment.

[0010] [Figure 5B] This figure shows a grid unit according to the second embodiment.

[0011] [Figure 5C] This figure shows a grid unit according to the third embodiment.

[0012] [Figure 6] This figure shows a graph correlating the beam thickness of a grid structure with the effective density of a grid structure, based on an embodiment of a grid made from stainless steel material.

[0013] [Figure 7] Figures 1 to 4 are front views showing iron-type club heads, specifying high-density and low-density regions.

[0014] [Figure 8] Figures 1 to 4 are top views showing iron-type club heads, specifying high-density and low-density regions.

[0015] [Figure 9] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line FF of an iron-type club head, showing the lattice structure filling the internal cavity.

[0016] [Figure 10A] This is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of the iron-type club head in Figure 2, showing the lattice structure filling the internal cavity along with the beam thickness range.

[0017] [Figure 10B] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of an iron-type club head, showing the lattice structure filling the internal cavity along with the beam thickness range.

[0018] [Figure 10C] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC of an iron-type club head, showing the lattice structure filling the internal cavity along with the beam thickness range.

[0019] [Figure 10D] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line DD of an iron-type club head, showing the lattice structure filling the internal cavity along with the beam thickness range.

[0020] [Figure 10E] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE of an iron-type club head, showing the lattice structure filling the internal cavity along with the beam thickness range.

[0021] [Figure 11] This is a toe-side view showing an iron-type club head with a lattice structure according to one embodiment.

[0022] [Figure 12] This is a cross-sectional view of the iron-type golf club head shown in Figure 11, taken along line II-II in Figure 11.

[0023] [Figure 13] This is a cross-sectional view of the iron-type golf club head shown in Figure 11, taken along line III-III in Figure 11.

[0024] [Figure 14] This is a cross-sectional view of the iron-type golf club head shown in Figure 11, taken along line IV-IV in Figure 11.

[0025] [Figure 15] This is a cross-sectional view of an iron-type golf club head shown in Figure 11, taken along the same line DD as in Figure 2, but in the opposite direction (i.e., a cross-sectional view seen from the toe side, not the heel side).

[0026] [Figure 16] Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of an iron-type golf club head, taken along the same line BB as in Figure 2, but in the opposite direction (i.e., a cross-sectional view seen from the toe side, not the heel side).

[0027] [Figure 17] This is a cross-sectional view showing an iron-type golf club head with a lattice structure according to one embodiment, taken along the line at the same position as line II in Figure 3.

[0028] [Figure 18] This is a cross-sectional view of an iron-type golf club head shown in Figure 17, taken along the same line DD as in Figure 2, but in the opposite direction (i.e., a cross-sectional view seen from the toe side, not the heel side).

[0029] [Figure 19] Figure 17 shows a cross-sectional view of an iron-type golf club head, taken along the same line BB as in Figure 2, but in the opposite direction (i.e., a cross-sectional view seen from the toe side, not the heel side).

[0030] [Figure 20] This is a cross-sectional view showing an iron-type golf club head with a lattice structure according to one embodiment, taken along the line at the same position as line II in Figure 3.

[0031] [Figure 21] Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of an iron-type golf club head, taken along the same line DD as in Figure 2, but in the opposite direction (i.e., a cross-sectional view seen from the toe side, not the heel side).

[0032] [Figure 22] Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of an iron-type golf club head, taken along the same line BB as in Figure 2, but in the opposite direction (i.e., a cross-sectional view seen from the toe side, not the heel side).

[0033] [Figure 23A] This diagram illustrates the natural lofting rotation of the club head that occurs throughout the entire golf swing.

[0034] [Figure 23B] This diagram illustrates the natural closing rotation of the club head that occurs throughout the entire golf swing.

[0035] [Figure 23C]This diagram illustrates the natural downward rotation of the club head that occurs throughout the entire golf swing.

[0036] [Figure 24A] This figure shows the effect of a product of inertia Ixy greater than zero when a golf ball strikes the lower center of an iron-type club head as shown in Figure 1.

[0037] [Figure 24B] This figure shows the effect of a product of inertia Ixy greater than zero when a golf ball strikes the upper center of an iron-type club head as shown in Figure 1.

[0038] [Figure 25A] This figure shows the effect of a product of inertia Ixz less than zero when a golf ball strikes the lower center of an iron-type club head as shown in Figure 1.

[0039] [Figure 25B] This figure shows the effect of a product of inertia Ixz that is less than zero when a golf ball strikes the upper center of the iron-type club head shown in Figure 1.

[0040] [Figure 26A] For comparison, this figure shows the effect of a product of inertia Ixy greater than zero when a golf ball strikes the lower center of a driver-type club head.

[0041] [Figure 26B] For comparison, this figure shows the effect of a product of inertia Ixy greater than zero when a golf ball strikes the upper center of a driver-type club head.

[0042] [Figure 27] This graph shows the relationship between the vertical impact point and the sidespin caused by the natural rotation of the club head throughout the golf swing.

[0043] [Figure 28] This graph shows the relationship between the vertical impact position and the sidespin individually caused by the product of inertia Ixy (greater than zero) and the product of inertia Ixz (less than zero).

[0044] [Figure 29] This graph shows the relationship between the vertical impact position and the sidespin caused by the combination of inertia products Ixy and Ixz shown in Figure 28.

[0045] [Figure 30] This graph highlights the relationship between the vertical impact position and the sidespin individually caused by another product of inertia Ixy (greater than zero) and another product of inertia Ixz (less than zero).

[0046] [Figure 31] This graph shows the relationship between the vertical impact position and the sidespin generated by individual inertia product Ixy and inertia product Ixz that are less than zero, in a typical conventional club head.

[0047] [Figure 32] This is a graph showing the relationship between the vertical impact position and the sidespin caused by the combination of inertia products Ixy and Ixz shown in Figure 31.

[0048] [Figure 33] This is a top perspective view showing a putter-type golf club head with a lattice structure according to one embodiment.

[0049] [Figure 34] Figure 33 is a bottom perspective view showing the putter-type golf club head.

[0050] [Figure 35] Figure 33 is a top view showing a putter-type golf club head.

[0051] [Figure 36] Figure 33 is a front view showing the putter-type golf club head.

[0052] [Figure 37] Figure 33 is a rear view showing the putter-type golf club head.

[0053] [Figure 38] This is a cross-sectional view of the putter-type club head shown in Figure 33, taken along line KK.

[0054] [Figure 39] This is a cross-sectional view showing a putter-type club head with a lattice structure, taken along the same line KK as in Figure 33, according to another embodiment.

[0055] [Figure 40] This is a graphical representation showing the relationship between the vertical impact position and sidespin for a control club head and several exemplary iron-type club heads according to the present invention.

[0056] [Figure 41] This is a graphical representation showing the relationship between the horizontal impact position and the horizontal launch angle for a comparison club head and several exemplary putter-type club heads according to the present invention.

[0057] [Figure 42] This is a graphical representation showing the relationship between the horizontal impact position and sidespin for a comparison club head and several exemplary putter-type club heads according to the present invention.

[0058] [Figure 43] This is a graphical representation showing the relationship between the center of gravity and moment of inertia for a control club head and several exemplary putter-type club heads according to the present invention.

[0059] The golf club heads described herein feature a lattice structure that enables the golf club head to consistently achieve a high MOI value, a desirable POI value, and / or a beneficial CG position. The body of the golf club head may feature an internal cavity that can be occupied by a lattice structure that strategically distributes mass to reduce sidespin on high and low mis-hits with irons and to reduce horizontal launch angles on heel and toe mis-hits with putters.

[0060] In the case of the iron-type club heads described herein, the lattice structure can create a variable density profile within the cavity, occupying the internal cavity and distributing mass to achieve product of inertia (POI) values ​​of Ixy and Ixz that result in improvements of 15% to 50% and 5% to 45%, respectively, compared to similar club heads without a lattice structure. The variable density lattice structure makes it possible to increase or decrease mass in different quadrants or regions of the club head, thereby achieving desired asymmetry. More specifically, iron-type golf club heads can be weighted in the high-toe and low-heel regions by increasing the beam thickness of the lattice structure in those quadrants or regions. The beam thickness of each lattice unit correlates with the effective density of the lattice unit. In some designs, the beam thickness, and therefore the effective density, is varied in one or more of the sole-top rail direction and the front-to-back direction. The effective density profile of the lattice structure, across the internal cavity, results in a -10g·in mass in the club head. 2 -40g·in 2 The product of inertia of Ixy and -45g·in 2 -65g·in 2 The product of inertia value Ixz can be functionally achieved. These POI values ​​can reduce sidespin by up to 40% on mis-hits above and below the center of the impact face.

[0061] In the case of putter-type club heads described herein, particularly mallet and mid-mallet, the lattice structure can distribute mass forward and away from the baseline center of gravity (CG') where the center of gravity would be located without the lattice structure, by occupying at least a portion of the internal cavity. Part of the internal cavity can be the void of the lattice structure. This void can be defined as the central reference shape. By increasing the size of the central reference shape (void), the lattice structure can be pushed further toward the periphery of the club head, and thus the moment of inertia (MOI) value can be increased. By shifting the central reference shape (void) backward, more of the lattice structure and golf club head material can be positioned toward the face, and the center of gravity (CG) can be moved forward.

[0062] By using a grid structure to shift the center of gravity (CG) forward, the gearing effect for off-center impacts at the heel and toe is reduced. This reduction in gearing leads to a smaller horizontal launch angle and therefore straighter putts. For example, in a mallet-type club head, including a grid structure that pushes the CG forward towards the periphery of the club head (away from the CG) can reduce the magnitude of the horizontal launch angle compared to a similar mallet club head without a grid structure. Thus, the mallet and mid-mallet golf club heads described herein can achieve straighter putts by approaching the minimum horizontal launch angle of a blade-type putter while retaining the highly regarded feel, appearance, and sound quality of mallet and mid-mallet putters. Any of the putter-type club heads described herein can be designed to have a center of gravity position favorable to a particular type of putting stroke.

[0063] definition The term "striking face," as used herein, may refer to the front of the club head configured to strike a golf ball. The striking face may also be simply referred to as the "face."

[0064] The term “around the striking face” may, as used herein, refer to the edge of the striking face. The around the striking face may be located along the outer edge of the striking face, where the curvature deviates from the bulge and / or roll of the striking face.

[0065] When used herein, the term "face height" may refer to the distance measured parallel to the loft plane between the upper and lower edges of the striking face.

[0066] When used herein, the term “geometric center point” may refer to the geometric center point around the striking face, which lies at the midpoint of the face height of the striking face. In the same or other examples, the geometric center point may also be centered relative to a modified impact area, which may be defined by the area of ​​grooves on the striking face. Alternatively, the geometric center point of the striking face may be located according to the definition of a golf governing body such as the United States Golf Association (USGA). For example, the geometric center point of the striking face may be determined according to Section 6.1 of the USGA Golf Club Head Flexibility Measurement Procedure (USGA-TPX3004, Rev. 1.1.0, May 1, 2008) (available at http: / / www.usga.org / equipment / testing / protocols / Procedure-For-Measuring-The-Flexibility-Of-A-Golf-Club-Head / ) ("Flexibility Procedure").

[0067] The term "center" (or "face center") of the face, as used herein, can refer to a point on the face that is the projection of the center of gravity (CG), where the center and CG lie on a common line approximately perpendicular to the loft plane (as defined below). Shots impacting above the face center cause dynamic lofting. Shots impacting below the face center cause dynamic de-lofting.

[0068] As used herein, the term “central region” can refer to the region of the striking face located in front of and above the center of gravity (CG). In other words, a vertical line extending upward from the CG (along the Y-axis, as defined below) and a horizontal line extending forward from the CG toward the striking face (along the X-axis, as defined below) intersect the striking face at the boundary of the central region. The central region extends from the edge of the striking face near the toe to the opposite edge of the striking face near the heel.

[0069] When used herein, the term "ground" may refer to a reference plane associated with the surface on which the golf ball is placed.

[0070] When used herein, the term "loft plane" may refer to a reference plane tangent to the geometric center point of the striking face.

[0071] The term "loft angle," as used herein, may refer to the angle measured between the ground and the loft plane.

[0072] The term "lie angle," as used herein, may refer to the angle between the hosel axis, which extends through the hosel, and the ground. The lie angle is measured from the front view.

[0073] When used herein, the term "iron" may, in some embodiments, refer to an iron-type golf club head with a loft angle of less than approximately 50 degrees, less than approximately 49 degrees, less than approximately 48 degrees, less than approximately 47 degrees, less than approximately 46 degrees, less than approximately 45 degrees, less than approximately 44 degrees, less than approximately 43 degrees, less than approximately 42 degrees, less than approximately 41 degrees, or less than approximately 40 degrees. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the loft angle of the club head may be greater than 16 degrees, greater than 17 degrees, greater than 18 degrees, greater than 19 degrees, greater than 20 degrees, greater than 21 degrees, greater than 22 degrees, greater than 23 degrees, greater than 24 degrees, or greater than 25 degrees.

[0074] In many embodiments, such as game improvement irons or general irons, the volume of the club head is less than approximately 65cc, less than approximately 60cc, less than approximately 55cc, or less than approximately 50cc. In some embodiments, the volume of the club head is approximately 50cc to 60cc, approximately 51cc to 53cc, approximately 53cc to 55cc, approximately 55cc to 57cc, or approximately 57cc to 59cc.

[0075] In many embodiments, such as tour irons, the volume of the club head is less than approximately 45cc, less than approximately 40cc, less than approximately 35cc, or less than approximately 30cc. In some embodiments, the volume of the club head is approximately 31cc to 38cc (1.9 cubic inches to 2.3 cubic inches), approximately 31cc to 33cc, approximately 33cc to 35cc, approximately 35cc to 37cc, or approximately 37cc to 39cc.

[0076] In some embodiments, the irons may have a total mass between 180 grams and 260 grams, between 190 grams and 240 grams, between 200 grams and 230 grams, between 210 grams and 220 grams, or between 215 grams and 220 grams. In some embodiments, the total mass of the club head is 215 grams, 216 grams, 217 grams, 218 grams, 219 grams, or 220 grams.

[0077] The term "putter" can, in some embodiments, refer to a putter-type club head having a loft angle of less than 10 degrees. In many embodiments, the loft angle of the putter can be from 0 degrees to 5 degrees, from 0 degrees to 6 degrees, from 0 degrees to 7 degrees, or from 0 degrees to 8 degrees. For example, the loft angle of the club head can be less than 10 degrees, less than 9 degrees, less than 8 degrees, less than 7 degrees, less than 6 degrees, or less than 5 degrees. For example, further, the loft angle of the club head can be 0 degrees, 1 degree, 2 degrees, 3 degrees, 4 degrees, 5 degrees, 6 degrees, 7 degrees, 8 degrees, 9 degrees, or 10 degrees. The putter-type golf club head can be a blade-type putter, a mid-mallet-type putter, or a mallet-type putter. It should be understood that the principles and structures described for the mid-mallet-type putter are applicable to the blade-type putter and / or the mallet-type putter without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0078] In some embodiments, the putter can be a mid-mallet-type club head having a total mass between 320 grams and 400 grams, between 330 grams and 390 grams, between 340 grams and 380 grams, between 350 grams and 380 grams, or between 365 grams and 370 grams. In some embodiments, the total mass of the club head is 365 grams, 366 grams, 367 grams, 368 grams, 369 grams, or 370 grams.

[0079] The term "golf club head" as used herein can refer to a golf club element having a face, a sole, a crown or top rail, a toe end, and a heel end. The golf club head can also have an outer surface and an inner surface. The inner surface defines the boundary of an internal cavity or hollow portion. The lattice structures and benefits described herein with respect to the golf club head are not intended to be applicable to wood-type club heads such as driver, fairway, or hybrid-type golf club heads.

[0080] The golf club head has a coordinate system centered on the center of gravity. The coordinate system has an X-axis, a Y-axis, and a Z-axis. The X-axis extends in the heel-to-toe direction. The X-axis is positive toward the heel and negative toward the toe. The Y-axis extends in the sole-to-crown direction and is orthogonal to both the Z-axis and the X-axis. The Y-axis is positive toward the crown and negative toward the sole. The Z-axis extends parallel to the ground in the front-to-back direction and is orthogonal to both the X-axis and the Y-axis. The Z-axis is positive toward the front and negative toward the back.

[0081] The golf club head further has a second coordinate system centered on an origin near the leading edge of the striking face. The origin is located where the loft plane intersects the ground. The origin is also within a vertical front-to-back plane that intersects the geometric center point of the striking face and is perpendicular to the ground. This secondary coordinate system has an X'-axis, a Y'-axis, and a Z'-axis. The X'-axis extends in the heel-to-toe direction and is positive toward the heel end of the club head. The Y'-axis extends in the sole-to-crown (or sole-to-top rail) direction and is positive toward the crown (or top rail). The Z'-axis extends in the front-to-back direction and is positive toward the front.

[0082] The term "moment of inertia" (hereinafter, "MOI") can refer to a value measured about the CG. The term "Ixx" can refer to the MOI measured in the heel-to-toe direction parallel to the X-axis. The term "Iyy" can refer to the MOI measured in the sole-to-top rail (or sole-to-crown) direction parallel to the Y-axis. The term "Izz" can refer to the MOI measured in the front-to-back direction parallel to the Z-axis. The MOI values Ixx, Iyy, and Izz determine how much off-center impact with a golf ball the club head can tolerate.

[0083] The term "product of inertia" (hereinafter referred to as "POI") allows us to relate the symmetry of a golf club head around a first axis to the symmetry of the club head around a second axis. As the magnitude of the product of inertia around the two axes approaches zero, the golf club head becomes symmetrically balanced, and the likelihood of the golf club head rotating simultaneously around each of those axes decreases. The product of inertia can have either a positive or negative value. In the case of a positive product of inertia, a positive rotation of the golf club head around the first axis creates a negative rotation of the golf club head around the second axis. Conversely, in the case of a negative product of inertia, a positive rotation of the golf club head around the first axis creates a positive rotation of the golf club head around the second axis.

[0084] The terms “preferred POI,” “desired POI,” or “improved POI” may refer to one or more product of inertia values ​​of a club head that approach the target POI when compared to a control club head with similar characteristics but without a grid structure.

[0085] A golf club head can be divided into high toe quadrants, low toe quadrants, high heel quadrants, and low heel quadrants. The quadrants are divided by the X and Y axes from the front view and extend backward in a direction perpendicular to the loft plane. Specifically, the term "high toe quadrant" refers to the portion of the golf club head where the X axis is negative and the Y axis is positive. The term "low toe quadrant" refers to the portion of the golf club head where the X axis is negative and the Y axis is negative. The term "high heel quadrant" refers to the portion of the golf club head where the X axis is positive and the Y axis is positive. The term "low heel quadrant" refers to the portion of the golf club head where the X axis is positive and the Y axis is negative. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0086] This specification describes the solid portion of the body. The effective density of the lattice structure can vary or remain constant across different regions of the golf club head. A varying density profile can be achieved by changing the beam thickness of the unit scaffolding within each lattice unit. The lattice structure can be used in either iron-type or putter-type golf club heads. In some iron-type golf club heads, the lattice structure density profile can be designed to add mass to the high toe and low heel quadrants or regions and reduce mass in the low toe and high heel quadrants or regions. Similarly, in some irons, the lattice structure density profile can be designed to add mass to the front toe and rear heel and reduce mass in the rear toe and front heel quadrants or regions. By distributing mass using the lattice structure, specific product of inertia values ​​can be achieved that improve spin characteristics on high and low mis-hits.

[0087] In some putter-type golf club heads, the lattice structure can be designed to add mass around the body and remove mass from the center of the body. The internal cavity can be partially or completely lattice-like. In partially lattice-like embodiments, the lattice structure can be excluded from the central reference shape, pushing the mass toward the periphery of the club head. In addition, the lattice structure can be used to remove mass from the rear of the club head, shifting the center of gravity forward compared to a similar putter head without a lattice structure. A putter head with a forward-positioned center of gravity (CG) can exhibit a smaller horizontal launch angle than a putter head with a rearward-positioned CG. In particular, a mallet or mid-mallet putter head with a forward-positioned CG can exhibit performance closer to a blade-type putter than a mallet or mid-mallet without a lattice structure. Therefore, the lattice structures described herein can be incorporated into mallet or mid-mallet type putter heads to create a putter head that has the look, feel, and sound of a mallet or mid-mallet while having the desirable performance benefits similar to a blade-type putter.

[0088] The following describes the lattice structure, followed by embodiments of irons and putters incorporating the lattice structure. The performance benefits achieved by including the lattice structure differ between iron-type and putter-type club heads. However, the ability to strategically redistribute mass through the lattice structure is common to all the exemplary golf club heads described below.

[0089] lattice structure As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the golf club head 100 may have a grid structure 130 within its internal cavity 120. The grid structure 130 can be used either to add mass to a portion of the club head 100 or to remove mass from it. For example, the grid structure 130 can be constructed within the internal cavity 120 to add arbitrary mass at a specific location, or the grid structure 130 can replace or remove mass, which is typically located in a specific peripheral area of ​​the golf club head 100, such as the low toe 175. In some embodiments, the grid structure 130 occupies at least partially the internal cavity 120. The grid structure 130 can be divided into a plurality of grid units 134. Each grid unit 134 is a designated area within the grid structure 130. The plurality of grid units 134 together form the grid structure 130. Each grid unit 134 can be formed by a unit scaffold 136 surrounded by an open space 138. The unit scaffolding 136 may be a material or structural part within the lattice unit 134. The unit scaffolding 136 may have one or more beams 137 that are connected or intersect to form a support shape.

[0090] The grid structure 130 may also be called a grid array, structural array, gridwork, mesh, framework, skeleton, or internal grid. The grid structure 130 can occupy a grid-like region. The grid structure 130 (or grid-like region) may have a total grid volume and a filling volume. The total grid volume is the volume occupied by the grid 130, more specifically, the volume whose boundaries are defined by the surface defined by the outermost points 135 (or beam ends) of the grid structure 130. In other words, the grid structure 130 (or grid-like region) covers, occupies, or extends over the entire total grid volume. The total grid volume may include empty space 138. The grid structure 130 (or grid-like region) can cover between 20% and 100% of the internal cavity 120 volume. In some embodiments, the lattice structure 130 (or lattice region) covers 20% to 30%, 30% to 40%, 40% to 50%, 50% to 60%, 60% to 70%, 70% to 80%, 80% to 90%, or 90% to 100% of the internal cavity 120 volume. In some embodiments, the total lattice volume can be 0 cubic inches to 4 cubic inches (0 cubic centimeters (cc) to 65.5 cc). The total grid volume can be 0 cubic inches to 1 cubic inch (0 cubic centimeters (cc) to 16.4 cc), 1 cubic inch to 2 cubic inches (16.4 cc to 32.8 cc), 2 cubic inches to 2.5 cubic inches (32.8 cc to 41.0 cc), 2.5 cubic inches to 3.0 cubic inches (41.0 cc to 49.2 cc), or 3.0 cubic inches to 4.0 cubic inches (49.2 cc to 65.58 cc). In some embodiments, the total grid volume can be approximately 2.6 cubic inches (42.6 cc).

[0091] The filling volume is the volume occupied by the unit scaffolds 136 of the plurality of lattice units 134 (i.e., excluding the empty space 138). The filling volume can be from about 5% to 90% of the total lattice volume. In other words, the unit scaffolds 136 can occupy from about 5% to 90% of the total lattice volume. In some embodiments, the filling volume can be from about 20% to 80%, about 30% to 70%, about 40% to 60%, about 5% to 15%, about 5% to 20%, about 5% to 30%, about 5% to 40%, about 5% to 50%, or about 45% to 75% of the total lattice volume.

[0092] The effective density of the lattice structure 130 (or the lattice-like region) can be equal to the value obtained by dividing the total mass of the unit scaffolds 136 by the total lattice volume. The effective density is determined by the beam thickness of the unit scaffolds. As will be described later, the thicker the beam thickness, the higher the effective density. The effective density is lower than the material density of the unit scaffolds 136. The effective density of the lattice structure 130 is from 0 g / mm 3 to 0.0075 g / mm 3 and can be in the range. In some embodiments, the effective density is from 0 g / mm 3 to 0.001 g / mm 3 , between 0.001 g / mm 3 and 0.002 g / mm 3 , between 0.002 g / mm 3 and 0.003 g / mm 3 , between 0.003 g / mm 3 and 0.004 g / mm 3 , between 0.004 g / mm 3 and 0.005 g / mm 3 , between 0.005 g / mm 3 and 0.006 g / mm 3 , between 0.006 g / mm 3 and 0.007 g / mm 3 , between 0.007 g / mm 3 and 0.0075 g / mm 3 , between 0 g / mm 3 and 0.004 g / mm 3 , between 0.002 g / mm 3From 0.006 g / mm 3 Between, or 0.004 g / mm 3 From 0.0075 g / mm 3 It can be in the range between these. The effective density of the grid structure 130 can be related to the beam thickness of the unit scaffolding, as described below.

[0093] The grid structure 130 may have an effective density profile. The effective density may be constant (and uniform) or vary (and be non-uniform) throughout the grid structure 130. In some embodiments, the effective density may vary radially. For example, the effective density may increase as the distance from the CG increases. In some embodiments, the effective density may vary in only one direction. For example, the grid structure effective density may vary in one of the following directions: heel-toe (parallel to the X-axis), front-to-back (parallel to the Z-axis), or up-and-down (parallel to the Y-axis). In some embodiments, the density profile may vary in a single direction, which is a combination of two or more of the heel-toe, front-to-back, or up-and-down directions. In other embodiments, the effective density may vary in two or more directions. Furthermore, the grid structure effective density may vary linearly or non-linearly. In some embodiments, the grid structure effective density may vary linearly in a first direction and non-linearly in a second direction.

[0094] In some embodiments, the effective density is approximately 0.0005 g·mm³. 3 / cm to 0.0015g·mm 3 / cm (approximately 0.0013g·mm) 3 Approximately 0.0038g·mm per inch 3 It can vary at an average rate (per inch). For example, the effective density is approximately 0.001 g·mm². 3 / cm(approx. 0.0025g mm 3 It can change at an average rate (per inch).

[0095] beam Referring to Figures 5A to 5C, each grid unit 134 of the multiple grid units may have a nodal network 140. The nodal network 140 may have a node 142 and multiple beams 137 (or rods) connected to the node 142. In other words, each unit scaffold 136 (similar to the nodal network 140) may be formed by multiple beams 137.

[0096] The beams 137 of each unit scaffold 136 can form geometric structures including, but not limited to, simple cubes, body-centered cubes, face-centered cubes, cylinders, multiple cylinders, diamonds, fluorite, octets, truncated cubes, truncated octahedra, Kelvin cells, isotrusses, concave polygons, Weir-Phelans, triangular honeycombs, revolutionary triangular honeycombs, hexagonal honeycombs, concave polygonal honeycombs, revolutionary square honeycombs, square honeycombs, face-centered cubic foam, body-centered cubic foam, simple cubic foam, hexagonal prism diamonds, hexagonal prism edges, hexagonal prism vertex centroids, hexagonal prism central axis edges, hexagonal prism Rabes phases, trioctahedral vertex centroids, and octahedral vertex centroids.

[0097] The fluorite structure comprises interconnected beams 137 arranged as shown in Figure 5A. The concave polygonal structure comprises interconnected beams 137 arranged as shown in Figure 5B. The diamond structure comprises interconnected beams 137 arranged as shown in Figure 5C. In other embodiments, the unit scaffolding 136 may have other geometric structures and / or beam arrangements. The outermost beam ends 135 of each unit scaffolding 136 may be configured to connect integrally with adjacent unit scaffolding.

[0098] Referring to Figures 5A to 5C, one or more beams 137 may each have a beam thickness 144 (which is the beam diameter of a cylindrical beam). The beam thickness 144 can be in the range of 0 mm to 5 mm. In some embodiments, the beam thickness 144 can be between 0 mm and 1 mm, between 1 mm and 2 mm, between 2 mm and 3 mm, between 3 mm and 4 mm, or between 4 mm and 5 mm. In embodiments having a constant effective density profile, the beam thickness 144 can be constant (or uniform) throughout the grid structure 130.

[0099] Referring to the graph in Figure 6, the beam thickness 144 can be correlated with the effective density of the lattice structure 130. For example, a beam thickness 144 of 1 mm or less corresponds to 0.001 g / mm². 3 It can correlate to an effective density of less than 0.002 g / mm². As a further example, a beam thickness of 144 mm from 2 mm to 3 mm corresponds to 0.002 g / mm². 3 From 0.005 g / mm 3 It can correlate with the effective density within the range. In the graphed correlation in Figure 6, the solid cube of the club head material is stainless steel, and it is approximately 0.0078 g / mm³. 3 It can have a density of . In embodiments of different club head materials and material densities, the correlation between beam thickness 144 and effective density follows a similar trend, although the numerical values ​​may differ from those in the graph of Figure 6.

[0100] In embodiments where the effective density profile varies, the beam thickness 144 can vary throughout the lattice structure 130. In some embodiments, the beam thickness 144 can increase by about 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, or 10-fold in any direction across the lattice structure 130. In some embodiments, the beam thickness 144 can increase by about 0% to 50%, 50% to 100%, 100% to 200%, 200% to 300%, 300% to 400%, 400% to 500%, 500% to 600%, 600% to 700%, 700% to 800%, 800% to 900%, or 900% to 1000% in any direction across the lattice structure 130. In some embodiments, the beam thickness 144 increases by the same amount in all directions. In other embodiments, the beam thickness 144 increases by different amounts in some directions.

[0101] Unit scaffolding The plurality of beams 144 can form unit footings 136. Each lattice unit 134 of the plurality of lattice units can include a unit footing 136. The unit footing 136 may also be referred to as a unit structure, unit skeleton, or unit frame. The unit footing 136 is a structural part of each lattice unit 134. The unit footing 136 supports the stress and load applied to the lattice structure 130. The remainder of each lattice unit 134 is a void, empty space, and / or a portion without structural material. The portion of the lattice unit 134 without the unit footing 136 may be referred to as a unit void 138. The volume occupied by the unit footing 136 determines the effective density of each lattice unit 134 as compared to the volume of the unit void 138. The effective density of the lattice unit 134 can vary within different portions of the lattice region. The varying effective density of the lattice unit 134 enables mass concentration towards the perimeter of the club head 100. Since the plurality of lattice units 134 constitute the lattice structure 130, the overall effective density profile of the lattice structure 130 is determined by the density of the individual lattice units 134.

[0102] Grid unit The lattice structure 130 may comprise a plurality of lattice units 134. Each lattice unit 134 may comprise a unit scaffold 136 formed by a plurality of beams 137 and a unit gap 138. The unit gap 138 may often be an empty space surrounding the unit scaffold 136. The plurality of lattice units 134 may have any shape that can be arranged in a three-dimensional mosaic, such as a cube (most common), a rhombic dodecahedron, a truncated octahedron, a triangular prism, a quadrilateral prism, a hexagonal prism, or any other suitable plesiohedron (shape-filling polyhedron).

[0103] Similar to the entire grid structure 130 (or grid region), each grid unit 134 has a total unit volume and a filling unit volume. The total unit volume is the volume occupied by the grid unit 134. Each grid unit 134 can have a total unit volume between approximately 0.007 cubic inches and 1.700 cubic inches. In some embodiments, each grid unit 134 is between approximately 0.007 cubic inches and 0.010 cubic inches, between approximately 0.010 cubic inches and 0.050 cubic inches, between approximately 0.050 cubic inches and 0.100 cubic inches, between approximately 0.100 cubic inches and 0.150 cubic inches, between approximately 0.150 cubic inches and 0.200 cubic inches, between approximately 0.200 cubic inches and 0.300 cubic inches, between approximately 0.300 cubic inches and 0.400 cubic inches, between approximately 0.400 cubic inches and 0.500 cubic inches, between approximately 0.500 cubic inches and 0.600 cubic inches, and approximately 0.600 cubic inches. The total unit volume can be between 0.700 cubic inches, between approximately 0.700 cubic inches and 0.800 cubic inches, between approximately 0.800 cubic inches and 0.900 cubic inches, between approximately 0.900 cubic inches and 1.000 cubic inches, between approximately 1.0 cubic inches and 1.1 cubic inches, between approximately 1.1 cubic inches and 1.2 cubic inches, between approximately 1.2 cubic inches and 1.3 cubic inches, between approximately 1.3 cubic inches and 1.4 cubic inches, between approximately 1.4 cubic inches and 1.5 cubic inches, between approximately 1.5 cubic inches and 1.6 cubic inches, or between approximately 1.6 cubic inches and 1.7 cubic inches. The total unit volume of the grid unit 134 can affect the support strength and weight of the grid structure 130. The total unit volume determines the number of grid units 134 in a plurality of grid units.

[0104] The filling unit volume is the volume occupied by the unit scaffolding 136. The filling unit volume can be 5% to 95% of the total unit volume. In some embodiments, the filling unit volume can be about 20% to 80%, about 30% to 70%, about 40% to 60%, about 5% to 15%, about 5% to 20%, about 5% to 30%, about 5% to 40%, about 5% to 50%, or about 45% to 75% of the total unit volume. The ratio of the filling unit volume to the total unit volume can vary between grid structures 134 within the same grid structure 130 (or grid region).

[0105] The plurality of grid units 134 can comprise 2 to 600 grid units 134. In some embodiments, the plurality of grid units 134 can comprise 2 to 10, 4 to 8, 5 to 8, 5 to 10, 10 to 20, 10 to 50, 50 to 100, 100 to 150, 150 to 200, 200 to 250, 250 to 300, 300 to 350, 350 to 400, 400 to 450, 450 to 500, 500 to 550, or 550 to 600 grid units 134. In some embodiments, the plurality of grid units can comprise more than 10, more than 20, more than 50, more than 100, more than 200, more than 300, more than 400, or more than 500. The number of grid units 134 can affect the support strength, weight, and manufacturability of the grid structure 130.

[0106] In some embodiments, each of the multiple grid units 134 may have a side length (not shown) ranging from 5 mm to 30 mm (0.197 inches to 1.181 inches). In some embodiments, each grid unit 134 may have a side length ranging from 5 mm to 10 mm, 10 mm to 15 mm, 15 mm to 20 mm, 20 mm to 25 mm, or 25 mm to 30 mm. In some embodiments, each grid unit 134 may have a measured side length of 8 mm or less (approximately 0.31 inches), 10 mm or less (approximately 0.39 inches), 12 mm or less (approximately 0.47 inches), 14 mm or less (approximately 0.55 inches), 16 mm or less (approximately 0.63 inches), 18 mm or less (approximately 0.71 inches), 20 mm or less (approximately 0.79 inches), 25 mm or less (approximately 0.98 inches), or 30 mm or less (approximately 1.18 inches). In a cubic lattice unit 134, the side lengths are equal within the three-dimensional (3D) shape. In other shapes, the side lengths can be different.

[0107] Ultralight filler In some embodiments, the unit voids 138 of each grid unit 134 can be filled with an ultralight filler. In other words, the ultralight filler can surround or fill around the unit scaffolding 136. The ultralight filler can be a polymer resin, foam, rubber, absorbent material, or any other low-density filler material.

[0108] Standard shape without grid Referring to Figure 38, in some embodiments where the internal cavity 520 is only partially filled with the grid structure 530, the reference shape 550 within the internal cavity 520 can be one without the grid structure 530. This reference shape 550 (a gap or void in the grid) is often the center, with the mass removed from the center of the golf club head, thereby increasing the weighting around the periphery. In some embodiments, the central reference shape 550 can be formed around a central reference point 552. The central reference point 552 can be at the geometric center (centroid) of the central reference shape 550. In some embodiments, the central reference point 552 can be located within the internal cavity 520, within the face 504, or behind the face 504 and in front of the boundary wall 525. The position of the central reference point 552 defines the position of the central reference shape 550 and subsequently the position of the grid structure 530.

[0109] Referring to Figures 35 and 38, in some embodiments, the central reference point 552 can be positioned at the baseline centroid (CG') of the club head 500. As a result, the central reference shape 550 can also be positioned around the baseline CG (CG') of the club head 500. By placing the grid structure around the CG, the MOI can be increased without moving the CG of the club head 500. However, in many embodiments, the central reference point 552 can be offset from the CG by including the grid structure 530, thereby intentionally altering the CG position.

[0110] The lattice structure 530 can extend radially or in a grid pattern, away from the central reference point 552 and toward the periphery of the club head 500. In embodiments having a non-uniform lattice structure density, the density profile of the lattice structure 530 can be varied with respect to the distance from the central reference point 552.

[0111] The central reference shape 550 can be spherical, cylindrical, polyhedron, prism, cube, or any other three-dimensional shape. The central reference shape 550 may include an interface 554 that defines the volume boundary of the central reference shape 550. The interface 554 of the central reference shape 550 can form the inner boundary of the lattice region 530. In embodiments having a non-uniform lattice structure density, the density profile of the lattice structure 530 can be varied with respect to the distance from the central reference shape 550. The MOI of the club head 500 is increased by excluding the lattice structure 530 from the central reference shape 550 and / or by optionally changing the lattice structure density profile.

[0112] As the central reference shape 550 increases, the volume of the lattice structure 530 decreases. Furthermore, a larger central reference shape 550 allows the lattice structure 530 (and its inherent mass) to concentrate near or adjacent to the periphery of the club head 500, thereby increasing the MOI of the entire club head. In embodiments where the central reference shape 550 is spherical, the central reference sphere 550 can have a variety of diameter values. In some embodiments, the central reference shape 550 can have a diameter ranging from 0 inches to 3.0 inches (7.62 centimeters). In some embodiments, the central reference shape diameter is 0 inches to 1.5 inches (3.81 cm), 1.5 inches (3.81 cm) to 3.0 inches (7.62 cm), 0 inches to 1.0 inch (2.54 cm), 1.0 inch (2.54 cm) to 2.0 inches (5.08 cm), 2.0 inches (5.08 cm) to 3.0 inches (7.62 cm), 0.5 inches (1.27 cm) to 1.5 inches (3.81 cm), 0 inches The dimensions can range from 1.5 inches (1.27 centimeters) to 1.0 inch (2.54 centimeters), from 1.0 inch (2.54 centimeters) to 1.5 inches (3.81 centimeters), from 1.5 inches (3.81 centimeters) to 2.0 inches (5.08 centimeters), from 2.0 inches (5.08 centimeters) to 2.5 inches (6.35 centimeters), or from 2.5 inches (6.35 centimeters) to 3.0 inches (7.62 centimeters). While embodiments in Figures 35 and 38 illustrate putter-type club heads, the described grid structure 130 is also applicable to iron-type club heads.

[0113] material The golf club head 100 comprises a face material and a body material. In most embodiments, the striking face 104 comprises the face material and the body comprises the body material. In most embodiments, the face material is different from the body material, but in some embodiments, the face material may be the same as the body material. In some embodiments, the body may include multiple metal materials.

[0114] The face material and body material may include metal alloys such as titanium alloys, steel alloys, aluminum alloys, amorphous metal alloys, or any other metal or metal alloy. Examples of steel or steel alloys include, but are not limited to, stainless steel, stainless steel alloys, C300, C350, Ni (nickel)-Co (cobalt)-Cr (chromium)-steel alloys, 8620 alloy steel, S25C steel, 303SS, 17-4SS, carbon steel, maraging steel, 565 steel, AISI type 304 stainless steel, and AISI type 630 stainless steel. Examples of titanium alloys include, but are not limited to, Ti-6-4, Ti-3-8-6-4-4, Ti-10-2-3, Ti15-3-3-3, Ti15-5-3, Ti185, Ti6-6-2, Ti-7s, Ti-9s, Ti-92, and Ti-8-1-1 titanium alloys.

[0115] Iron As described above, the lattice structure 130 can be used in an iron-type golf club head 100 to optimize one or more mass properties of the club head 100, including an increase in moment of inertia (MOI), an increase in product of inertia (POI), and positioning of the CG. Below, various embodiments of iron-type golf club heads with a lattice structure that improve the product of inertia and reduce sidespin on high or low mis-hits by up to 40% will be described. Each embodiment of the club head 100 may comprise a face 104, a sole 110, a top rail 108, a toe end 112, a heel end 114, a hosel 105, an outer surface 122, and an inner surface 124. The inner surface 124 defines the boundary of the internal cavity 120 (or hollow portion). The internal cavity 120 may be entirely latticed so that the lattice structure 130 completely occupies it. Subsequent embodiments of the iron-type club heads 200, 300, and 400 may have similar characteristics to the first embodiment of the iron-type club head 100, but labeled in the numbering scheme of 200, 300, or 400 (i.e., club head 200 includes a striking face 204, a sole 210, a top rail 208, etc.). The various club head embodiments 100, 200, 300, and 400 are similar except for the arrangement of the lattice structure 130, specifically the effective density profile of each particular lattice structure 130, and other features relating to the redistribution of mass.

[0116] Referring to Figures 7 and 8, in many embodiments, the lattice structure 130 is positioned on the iron-type club head 100 to provide a high effective density high toe region 180 and low heel region 183, as well as a low effective density low toe region 181 and high heel region 182. Similarly, in many embodiments, the lattice structure 130 can be positioned on the iron-type club head 100 to provide a high effective density rear toe region 189 and front heel region 190, as well as a low effective density front toe region 188 and rear heel region 191. These particular arrangements increase the product of inertia (POI), thereby reducing undesirable sidespin by up to 40% on shots that strike above or below the center 116 of the striking face 104. Referring to Figures 7 and 8, various high and / or low regions of the club head 100 can be provided as additional mass regions, where mass is added to the region by including the lattice structure 130, and other high and / or low regions can be provided as reduced mass regions, where the mass is reduced by taking out specific peripheral portions of the club head 100 (i.e., replacing the previously solid material with the lattice structure 130, which has a lower effective density). By adding mass in specific high and / or low regions and reducing mass in other regions, a club head 100 with desirable asymmetry and improved point of interest (POI) is achieved.

[0117] Referring to Figure 7, the iron-type club head 100 comprises a high-toe region 180, a low-toe region 181, a high-heel region 182, and a low-heel region 183, which provide potential areas of the club head 100 where mass can be increased or decreased. The high-toe region 180 may be located within the high-toe quadrant 174, with a boundary defined between the high-toe boundary line 184 and the periphery of the club head 100. The low-toe region 181 may be located within the low-toe quadrant 175, with a boundary defined between the low-toe boundary line 185 and the periphery of the club head 100. The high-heel region 182 may be located within the high-heel quadrant 176, with a boundary defined between the high-heel boundary line 186 and the periphery of the club head 100. The low-heel region 183 may be located within the low-heel quadrant 177, with a boundary defined between the low-heel boundary line 187 and the periphery of the club head 100. Each region is positioned around the club head 100 and separated from the CG in order to preserve the surrounding weighting and MOI as mass is added to or removed from the various regions.

[0118] As described above, the high toe boundary line 184, the low toe boundary line 185, the high heel boundary line 186, and the low heel boundary line 187 define the boundaries of the high toe region 181, the low toe region 182, the high heel region 183, and the low heel region 184, respectively. In the embodiment of Figure 7, the high toe boundary line 184 and the low heel boundary line 187 are defined by the following equations with respect to their positions along the x-axis 1050 and the y-axis 1060.

number

number

[0119] In other embodiments, the shape and / or size of various regions can vary. For example, the factors having the values ​​of "0.35" and "-0.35" in the above formula can take on various values, as long as the resulting region remains suitable for improving the POI by creating a desirable asymmetry and increasing or removing mass in such region. In other words, the boundary can be more or less sharply curved. The overall design of the club head 100 can influence the optimal region for improving the POI by adding or removing mass.

[0120] The points of interest (POIs) (hereinafter, "Ixy") of the iron-type club head 100 centered on the x-axis 1050 and y-axis 1060 can be improved by increasing the amount of mass located in certain high and / or low regions and decreasing the amount of mass in other high and / or low regions. The club head 100 has asymmetric weighting with respect to the x-axis 1050 and y-axis 1060. In many embodiments, the high toe region 180 and low heel region 183 have additional mass regions, and the low toe region 181 and high heel region 182 have reduced mass regions. The mass in each region can be increased or decreased by including a lattice structure 130. The high toe region 180 and low heel region 183 may have a lattice structure 130 with a relatively high effective density that increases the overall amount of mass in those regions. Conversely, the low toe region 181 and high heel region 182 may have a lattice structure 130 with a relatively low effective density or no lattice structure at all so that the mass in those regions is reduced. In some embodiments, the low toe region 181 and the high heel region 182 may further reduce the mass of those regions by comprising portions around the club head 100 that are extracted by the lattice structure 130.

[0121] The club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400 feature a grid structure 130 arranged to distribute a larger amount of mass to the high toe region 180 and low heel region 183, and a smaller amount of mass to the low toe region 181 and high heel region 182. This particular arrangement, achieved by varying the effective density of the grid structure 130, results in an increase in Ixy, which leads to a reduction in sidespin. In many embodiments, the high toe region 180 and / or low heel region 183 may have a higher effective density than the low toe region 181 and / or high heel region 182. In some embodiments, the effective density of the grid structures 130, 230, 330, and 430 in the high toe region 180 and / or low heel region 183 is approximately 0.006 g / mm³. 3 From approximately 0.0075 g / mm 3 It can be in the range between. In some embodiments, the effective density of the lattice structure 130, 230, 330, 430 in the high toe region 180 and / or low heel region 183 is 0.006 g / mm³. 3 From 0.00625 g / mm 3 During this period, 0.00625 g / mm 3 From 0.00650 g / mm 3 During this period, 0.00650 g / mm 3 From 0.00675 g / mm 3 During this period, 0.00675 g / mm 3 From 0.007 g / mm 3 During this period, 0.007 g / mm 3 From 0.00725 g / mm 3 Between, or 0.00725 g / mm 3 From 0.0075 g / mm 3 It can be in the range between. In some embodiments, the effective density of the lattice structure 130, 230, 330, 430 in the high toe region 180 and / or low heel region 183 is 0.006 g / mm³. 3 From 0.00675 g / mm 3 During this period, 0.00625 g / mm 3 From 0.007 g / mm 3 During this period, 0.0065 g / mm 3 From 0.00725 g / mm 3Between, or 0.00675 g / mm 3 From 0.0075 g / mm 3 It can be set to a range between [the specified values].

[0122] As described above, the effective density of the low toe region 181 and / or the high heel region 182 can be significantly lower than the effective density of the high toe region 180 and / or the low heel region 183. In some embodiments, the effective density of the lattice structure 130, 230, 330, 430 in the low toe region 181 and / or the high heel region 182 is approximately 0.0001 g / mm³. 3 From approximately 0.00075 g / mm 3 It can be in the range between. In some embodiments, the effective density of the lattice structure 130, 230, 330, 430 in the low toe region 181 and / or high heel region 182 is 0.0001 g / mm³ 3 From approximately 0.0002 g / mm 3 During this period, 0.0002 g / mm 3 From approximately 0.0003 g / mm 3 During this period, 0.0003 g / mm 3 From approximately 0.0004 g / mm 3 During this period, 0.0004 g / mm 3 From approximately 0.0005 g / mm 3 During this period, 0.0005 g / mm 3 From approximately 0.0006 g / mm 3 Between, or 0.0006 g / mm 3 From approximately 0.00075 g / mm 3 It can be in the range between. In some embodiments, the effective density of the lattice structure 130, 230, 330, 430 in the low toe region 181 and / or high heel region 182 is 0.0001 g / mm³ 3 From approximately 0.0005 g / mm 3 During this period, 0.0002 g / mm 3 From approximately 0.0006 g / mm 3 During this period, 0.0003 g / mm 3 From approximately 0.0007 g / mm 3 Between, or 0.0004 g / mm 3 From approximately 0.00075 g / mm 3It can be set to a range between [the specified values].

[0123] The asymmetry resulting from increasing the mass in the high toe region 180 and low heel region 183, and decreasing the mass in the low toe region 181 and high heel region 182, improves the Ixy of the club head 100. This particular asymmetry in the club head 100 is desirable to provide an increased (i.e., a larger positive value or a smaller negative value) Ixy. As will be discussed in more detail later, a larger positive Ixy reduces undesirable sidespin in shots that are mishit and hit above or below the center.

[0124] Referring to Figure 8, and as described above, the lattice structure 130 can also be arranged to provide the iron-type club head 100 with a high effective density rear toe region 189 and a front heel region 190, as well as a low effective density front toe region 188 and a rear heel region 191. The iron-type club head has various front and / or rear regions, including the front toe region 188, the rear toe region 189, the front heel region 190, and the rear heel region 191, which provide potential regions of the club head 100 that increase or decrease mass. The front toe region 188 is defined by a front toe boundary line 192 and the outer surface 122 of the club head 100 (i.e., the striking face 104, the sole 110, etc.). The rear toe region 189 is defined between the rear toe boundary line 193 and the outer surface 122 of the club head 100 (i.e., the surfaces of the striking face 104, sole 110, rear section 106, top rail 108, etc.). The front heel region 190 is defined between the front heel boundary line 194 and the outer surface 122 of the club head 100 (i.e., the surfaces of the striking face 104, sole 110, hosel 105, etc.). The rear heel region 191 is defined between the rear heel boundary line 195 and the outer surface 122 of the club head 100 (i.e., the surfaces of the sole, rear wall, top rail, etc.). Each region is separated from the CG to preserve the surrounding weighting and MOI when mass is added to or removed from the various regions.

[0125] As described above, the front toe boundary line 192, rear toe boundary line 193, front heel boundary line 194, and rear heel boundary line 195 define the boundaries of the front toe region 188, rear toe region 189, front heel region 190, and rear heel region 191, respectively. In the embodiment shown in Figure 8, the rear toe boundary line 193 and the front heel boundary line 194 are defined by the following equations with respect to their positions along the x-axis 1050 and z-axis 1070.

number

number

[0126] In other embodiments, the shape and / or size of various regions can vary. For example, the factors having the values ​​of "0.35" and "-0.35" in the above formula can take on various values, as long as the resulting region remains suitable for improving the POI by increasing or removing mass from such region. In other words, the boundary can be more or less sharply curved. The overall design of the club head can influence the optimal region for improving the POI by adding or removing mass.

[0127] The points of interest (POIs) (hereinafter referred to as "Ixz") of the iron-type club head 100, centered on the x-axis 1050 and z-axis 1070, can be improved by increasing the amount of mass located in certain front and / or rear regions and decreasing the amount of mass in other front and / or rear regions. The club head 100 has asymmetric weighting with respect to the x-axis 1050 and z-axis 1070. In many embodiments, the front toe region 188 and rear heel region 191 have additional mass regions, and the rear toe region 189 and front heel region 190 have reduced mass regions. The mass in each region can be increased or decreased by including a lattice structure 130. The front toe region 188 and rear heel region 191 may have a lattice structure 130 with a relatively high effective density that increases the overall amount of mass in those regions. Conversely, the rear toe region 189 and front heel region 190 may have a lattice structure 130 with a relatively low effective density or no lattice structure at all so that the mass in those regions is reduced. In some embodiments, the rear toe region 189 and the front heel region 190 may further reduce the mass of those regions by comprising portions around the club head 100 that are extracted by the lattice structure 130.

[0128] The asymmetry resulting from increasing the mass in the front toe region 188 and rear heel region 191, and decreasing the mass in the rear toe region 189 and front heel region 190, improves the Ixz of club head 100. Generally, club head 100 has a very large negative Ixz value. This particular asymmetry in club head 100 is desirable to provide an increased (i.e., larger negative) Ixz that more closely matches the optimal target value. A more optimal Ixz reduces undesirable sidespin in shots that are mishit and hit above or below the center.

[0129] As can be seen from Figures 7 and 8, certain high and / or low regions overlap with certain front and / or back regions. In some examples, the overlapping regions are complementary (i.e., both additional mass regions and reduced mass regions), and in other examples, the overlapping regions are competitive (i.e., one additional mass region overlaps with a reduced mass region). To improve both Ixy and Ixz in the same club head, the effective density of each overlapping region must be adjusted for the requirements of each individual region. In many embodiments, a portion of the club head 100 where multiple additional mass regions overlap may have a grid structure 100 having the highest effective density. For example, a portion of the club head 100 where the low heel region 183 and the back heel region 191 overlap may have a grid structure 130 having a higher effective density than the grid structure 130 of any other portion of the club head 100. Conversely, a portion of the club head 100 where multiple reduced mass regions overlap may have a grid structure 130 having the lowest effective density of the club head 100. For example, the portion of the club head 100 where the low toe region 181 and the rear toe region 189 overlap may have a lattice structure 130 having the lowest effective density of any lattice structure 130 of the club head 100. Such portions where multiple mass reduction regions overlap may not have a lattice structure 130 at all, or may have a peripheral portion of the club head 100 that has been removed by the lattice structure 130.

[0130] Furthermore, in some parts of the club head 100, the additional mass region and the reduced mass region can overlap. The effective density of such a part can be somewhere between the minimum effective density and the maximum effective density of the club head 100. For example, the part of the club head where the high toe region 180 and the rear toe region 189 overlap may have a lattice structure 130 with an effective density that is lower than the part where the low heel region 183 and the rear heel region 191 overlap, but higher than the part where the low toe region 181 and the rear toe region 189 overlap.

[0131] By arranging the lattice structure 130 with variable effective density, the mass can be increased in the high toe, rear toe, low heel, and front heel regions of the club head 100 and decreased in the low toe, front toe, high heel, and rear heel regions, thereby improving the POI. Generally, redistributing the mass to create the asymmetry necessary to increase Ixy and / or Ixz may have an adverse effect on other mass characteristics of the iron-type golf club head 100, such as the MOI. However, the strategic arrangement of the lattice region 130 can increase Ixy and Ixz while maintaining high MOI values around the X-axis (Ixx), Y-axis (Iyy), and Z-axis (Izz). By placing the additional mass regions away from the CG, the club head 100 retains a high surrounding weighting even when the mass is redistributed. Therefore, the iron-type club head 100 having the lattice structure 130 has increased Ixy and Ixz compared to a similar club head without such a lattice structure and has a similar MOI compared to a club head without a lattice structure.

[0132] For comparison, a club head similar to the club head 100 but without a lattice structure can have a MOI (Ixx) about the X-axis between about 100 g·in 2 and 120 g·in 2 . In comparison, the iron-type club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 having the lattice structures 130, 230, 330, 340 can have a MOI (Ixx) about the X-axis greater than about 85 g·in 2 greater than about 90 g·in 2 greater than about 95 g·in 2 greater than about 100 g·in 2 greater than about 105 g·in 2 greater than about 110 g·in 2 greater than about 115 g·in 2 greater than, or greater than about 120 g·in 2 . In some embodiments, the club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 are about 85 g·in 2From about 120 g·in 2 with an Ixx value between. In some embodiments, the club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 are about 80 g·in 2 to 90 g·in 2 between, about 85 g·in 2 to 95 g·in 2 between, about 90 g·in 2 to 100 g·in 2 between, about 95 g·in 2 to 105 g·in 2 between, about 100 g·in 2 to 110 g·in 2 between, about 105 g·in 2 to 115 g·in 2 between, or about 110 g·in 2 to 120 g·in 2 between. In some embodiments, the Ixx value of the club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 can be about 105 g·in 2 , about 106 g·in 2 , about 107 g·in 2 , about 108 g·in 2 , about 109 g·in 2 , or about 110 g·in 2 and can be.

[0133] For comparison, a club head similar to the club head 100 but without a lattice structure can have a moment of inertia (Iyy) about the Y-axis between about 500 g·in 2 to 550 g·in 2 . In comparison, the iron-type club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 with lattice structures 130, 230, 330, 340 are greater than about 400 g·in 2 , greater than about 425 g·in 2 , greater than about 450 g·in 2 , greater than about 475 g·in 2 , greater than about 500 g·in 2 , greater than about 525 g·in 2 , greater than, or about 550 g·in 2It can have a larger MOI (Iyy) around the Y axis. In some embodiments, club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400 have a weight of approximately 400 g·in. 2 Approximately 550g·in 2 It has an Iyy value between . In some embodiments, the club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400 weigh approximately 400g·in. 2 From 450g·in 2 During that time, approximately 425g·in 2 From 475g·in 2 During that time, approximately 450g·in 2 From 500g·in 2 During that time, approximately 475g·in 2 From 525g·in 2 During, or approximately 500g·in 2 From 550g·in 2 It has an Iyy value between 100, 200, 300, and 400. In some embodiments, the Iyy values ​​of the club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400 are approximately 420 g·in. 2 , approx. 430g·in 2 Approximately 440g·in 2 , approx. 450g·in 2 , approx. 460g·in 2 Approximately 470g·in 2 , approx. 480g·in 2 Approximately 490g·in 2 , about 500g·in 2 , approx. 510g·in 2 , approx. 520g·in 2 , approx. 530g·in 2 , approx. 540g·in 2 , or approximately 550g·in 2 It can be done this way.

[0134] For comparison, a club head similar to the Club Head 100 but without the lattice structure weighs approximately 550g·in. 2 From 600g·in 2 It can have a MOI (Izz) around the Z axis between these values. In comparison, iron-type club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400 with lattice structures 130, 230, 330, and 340 weigh approximately 450g·in. 2Larger than that, approximately 475g·in 2 Larger than that, approximately 500g·in 2 Larger than that, approximately 525g·in 2 Larger than that, approximately 550g·in 2 Larger than, or approximately 575g·in 2 It can have a larger MOI (Izz) around the Z axis. In some embodiments, the club head 100 is approximately 450 g·in 2 Approximately 575g·in 2 It has an Izz value between . In some embodiments, the club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400 weigh approximately 450 g·in. 2 From 500g·in 2 During that time, approximately 475g·in 2 From 525g·in 2 During that time, approximately 500g·in 2 From 550g·in 2 During, or approximately 525g·in 2 From 575g·in 2 It has Izz values ​​between 100, 200, 300, and 400. In some embodiments, the Izz values ​​of club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400 are approximately 450 g·in. 2 , approx. 460g·in 2 Approximately 470g·in 2 , approx. 480g·in 2 Approximately 490g·in 2 , about 500g·in 2 , approx. 510g·in 2 , approx. 520g·in 2 , approx. 530g·in 2 , approx. 540g·in 2 Approximately 550g·in 2 , approx. 560g·in 2 , approx. 570g·in 2 , or approximately 575g·in 2 It can be done this way.

[0135] Iron Embodiment 1 Referring to Figures 1 to 4, the first embodiment of the iron 100 may include a lattice structure 130 having a higher effective density in the high toe quadrant 174 and low heel quadrant 177, and a lower effective density in the low toe quadrant 175 and high heel quadrant 176. The effective density of the lattice structure 130 can vary in the sole-top rail direction.

[0136] Referring to Figures 1-4 and Figure 9, the highest grid density 158 can be located in the high toe quadrant 174 and / or the low heel quadrant 177. The lowest grid density 156 can be located in the low toe quadrant 175 and / or the high heel quadrant 176. As shown in Figure 4, the effective grid density in the toe half of the club head 100 (closer to the toe 112), including the high toe quadrant 174 and the low toe quadrant 175, can increase from the sole 110 toward the top rail 108. Conversely, the effective grid density in the heel half of the club head 100 (closer to the heel 114), including the high heel quadrant 176 and the low heel quadrant 177, can decrease from the sole 110 toward the top rail 108. In this embodiment, the effective grid density can remain substantially uniform in the front-to-back direction. For example, at all positions along the Z-axis 1070, the high toe quadrant 174 has a higher effective density than the low toe quadrant 175. Similarly, at all depths of the club head along the Z-axis 1070, the low heel quadrant 177 has a higher effective density than the high heel quadrant 176.

[0137] In the cross-section of Figure 4, the range of beam thickness 144 is shown with respect to a specific box region of the cross-section (i.e., the reference box). As described above with reference to Figure 6, the beam thickness 144 determines the effective density of the lattice structure 130. For example, toward the tow 112, the beam thickness 144 range for box region 198 is 1.0 mm to 2.5 mm. This box region 198 is located partially within the high tow quadrant 174 and partially within the low tow quadrant 175. Box region 198 can have a beam thickness 144 that is thicker than the box region below it and thinner than the box region above it. In a further example, toward the heel 114, the beam thickness 144 range for box region 199 is 2.5 mm to 4.0 mm. This box region 199 is located entirely within the low heel quadrant 177. Box region 199 may have a beam thickness 144 that is thinner than the box region below it and thicker than the box region above it (and therefore box region 199 may have an effective density that is lower than the box region below it and higher than the box region above it). Thus, the grid structure 130 is adjusted to provide a maximum effective density 158 in the high tow quadrant 174 and low heel quadrant 177, and a minimum effective density 156 in the low tow quadrant 175 and high heel quadrant 176.

[0138] Referring to Figures 10A to 10E, the beam thickness 144 of the lattice structure 130 and the resulting effective density can vary in both the heel-toe and crown-sole directions. The cross-sections in Figures 10A to 10E show the range of beam thickness 144 with respect to a specific box region (i.e., the reference box). As shown in Figure 10A, a cross-section taken 1 inch from the Y' axis 2060 toward the heel end 114, the beam thickness 144 can increase from the sole 110 adjacent to the heel end 114 to the top rail 108. As shown in Figure 10B, a cross-section taken approximately 1 / 2 inch from the Y' axis 2060 toward the heel end 114, the beam thickness 144 can also increase from the sole 110 to the top rail 108, but more gradually than in the cross-section in Figure 10A. As shown in Figure 10C, a cross-section taken along the Y' axis 2060, the beam thickness 144 is relatively constant within the center of the club head 100. As shown in Figure 10D, a cross-section taken 1 / 2 inch from the Y' axis 2060 toward the toe end 112, the beam thickness 144 begins to decrease from the sole 110 toward the top rail 108. Finally, as shown in Figure 10E, a cross-section taken 1 inch from the Y' axis 2060 toward the toe end 112, the beam thickness 144 can also decrease from the sole 110 toward the top rail 108, but more gradually than in the cross-section in Figure 10D.

[0139] The effective density profile of the first iron club head 100 can yield a favorable POI value, particularly Ixy. The asymmetric weighting with respect to the X and Y axes is achieved by increasing the mass in the high toe quadrant 174 and low heel quadrant 177, while simultaneously decreasing the mass in the low toe quadrant 175 and high heel quadrant 176. This particular asymmetry in the club head 100 is desirable to provide an increased (i.e., a larger positive value or a smaller negative value) Ixy. As will be discussed in more detail later, a larger positive Ixy reduces undesirable sidespin in shots that are mishit and strike above or below the center of the face.

[0140] Iron Embodiment 2 Referring to Figures 11 to 16, the second embodiment of the iron 200 may include a grid structure 230 having an effective density that varies in the sole-top-rail direction, heel-toe direction, and front-to-back direction.

[0141] Referring to Figure 15, generally, the second iron club head 200 has a grid structure 230 in which the effective density near the toe end 212 decreases from the striking face 204 to the rear 206. Referring to Figure 16, generally, the effective density near the heel end 214 increases from the striking face 204 to the rear 206. More specifically, the effective density of the grid structure 230 located in the high heel quadrant 276 and the low heel quadrant 277 can increase from the striking face 204 to the rear 206, while the effective density of the grid structure 230 located in the high toe quadrant 274 and the low toe quadrant 275 can decrease from the striking face 204 to the rear 206.

[0142] Referring to Figure 12, in some embodiments, the highest effective density of the second iron club head 200 can be located within a horizontal reference cylinder 297 that extends along the X-axis 1050. The horizontal reference cylinder 297 can be rounded around the X-axis 1050 and can extend from the toe end 212 to the heel end 214. In many embodiments, the horizontal reference cylinder 297 has a radius in the range of 0.25 inches to 0.50 inches. In some embodiments, the radius of the horizontal reference cylinder 297 can be 0.25 inches to 0.30 inches, 0.30 inches to 0.35 inches, 0.35 inches to 0.40 inches, 0.40 inches to 0.45 inches, or 0.45 inches to 0.50 inches. In some embodiments, the radius of the horizontal reference cylinder 297 can be 0.25 inches to 0.35 inches, 0.30 inches to 0.40 inches, 0.35 inches to 0.45 inches, or 0.40 inches to 0.50 inches.

[0143] Referring to Figures 11–14, the variable effective density of the second iron club head 200 can be described in relation to the effective density profiles of multiple cross-sections (II, III, IV) taken parallel to the face 204 at different depths. As is evident from the illustrated beam thickness, Figure 12 shows the effective density profile of the second iron club head 200 at surface II-II, which is 0.25 inches behind the face 204. At 0.25 inches behind the face 204, the second iron club head 200 has its highest effective density towards the heel 214 within the horizontal reference cylinder 297 and its lowest effective density near the top rail 208 and toe 212. The effective density generally decreases from the horizontal reference cylinder 297 towards the sole 210 and top rail 208.

[0144] As is evident from the illustrated beam thickness, Figure 13 shows the effective density profile of the second iron club head 200 in plane III-III, 0.5 inches behind the face 204. Along this plane III-III, the second iron club head 200 has a highest effective density near the sole 210 (and near the heel end 214) and a lowest effective density near the sole 210 (and near the toe end 212). The effective density generally decreases from the horizontal reference cylinder 297 toward the sole 210 and the top rail 208. Furthermore, the effective density 0.5 inches behind the face 204 generally decreases from the heel end 214 toward the toe end 212. The effective density near the toe end 212 0.5 inches behind the face is lower than the effective density near the toe end 212 0.25 inches behind the face 204. The effective density near the heel end 214, 0.5 inches behind face 204, is higher than the effective density near the heel end 212, 0.25 inches behind face 204.

[0145] As is evident from the illustrated beam thickness, Figure 14 shows the effective density profile of the second iron club head 200 at plane IV-IV, 0.75 inches behind face 204. At 0.75 inches behind face 204, the second iron club head 200 has its highest effective density near the sole 210 (and near the heel end 214) and its lowest effective density near the upper periphery of the club head 200, near the toe 212. The effective density at 0.75 inches behind face 204 decreases sharply from the heel end 214 to the toe end 212. The effective density near the toe end 212 at 0.75 inches behind face 204 is lower than the effective density near the toe end 212 at 0.25 inches and 0.5 inches behind face. The effective density near the heel end 214 at 0.75 inches behind face 204 is higher than the effective density near the heel end 212 at 0.25 and 0.5 inches behind face 204.

[0146] The density profile, which varies in the anterior-posterior direction, can be further explained in relation to a box region (i.e., a reference box). Figures 12 to 14 show box regions indicating the range of beam thickness 144 within each region. As mentioned above with reference to Figure 6, the beam thickness 144 correlates with the effective density. Therefore, the variation in beam thickness 144 shown in Figures 12 to 14 correlates with the change in the effective density profile of the second iron club head 200.

[0147] The box regions correspond to each other throughout Figures 12 to 14. For example, box region 298 in Figure 12 corresponds positionally to box region 298 in Figures 13 and 14. Referring to Figures 12 to 14, the tow-side box region 298 can be defined partially within the high tow quadrant 174, partially within the low tow quadrant 175, and within the area between the tow end 112 and the y-axis 1060. 0.25 inches behind face 204 (taken along plane II-II in Figure 12), the tow-side box region 298 can have a beam thickness of 1.75 mm to 3.0 mm. 0.5 inches behind face 204 (taken along plane III-III in Figure 13), the tow-side box region 298 can have a beam thickness of 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm. 0.75 inches behind the face, the toe-side box region 298 can have a beam thickness 144 ranging from 1.0 mm to 1.25 mm. The beam thickness 144 within the toe-side box region 298 can decrease overall from the face 204 towards the rear 206 of the club head 200, thereby reducing the effective density.

[0148] Referring to Figures 12 to 14, the heel-side box region 299 can be defined partially within the high heel quadrant 176, partially within the low heel quadrant 177, and within the area between the heel end 214 and the y-axis 1060. 0.25 inches behind face 204 (taken along plane II-II in Figure 12), the heel-side box region 299 can have a beam thickness of 3.0 mm to 4.1 mm. 0.5 inches behind face 204 (taken along plane III-III in Figure 13), the heel-side box region 299 can have a beam thickness of 3.25 mm to 4.15 mm. 0.75 inches behind face, the heel-side box region 299 can have a beam thickness of 3.5 mm to 4.15 mm. The beam thickness 144 within the heel-side box region 299 can decrease overall from the face 204 towards the rear 206 of the club head 200, thereby reducing the effective density.

[0149] The effective density profile of the second iron club head 200 creates asymmetrical weighting with respect to the X, Y, and Z axes. This asymmetrical weighting is achieved by increasing the mass towards the rear on the heel side 214 and decreasing the mass towards the rear on the toe side 212, while maintaining relatively large mass in the low heel quadrant 177 and / or high toe quadrant 174. This particular asymmetry in club head 200 is desirable to provide increased (i.e., larger positive or smaller negative) Ixy and Ixz values ​​compared to similar club heads without a lattice structure. As will be discussed in more detail later, increasing both Ixy and Ixz values ​​compared to similar clubs reduces undesirable sidespin in shots that are mishit and strike above or below the face center C.

[0150] Iron Embodiment 3 Referring to Figures 17-19, the third iron embodiment 300 may include a grid structure 330 having an effective density that varies in the sole-top rail direction. The third iron club head 300 may further include a plurality of internal weight members 378 positioned close to the toe. The plurality of internal weight members 378 are included to shift the CG position of the club head 300 closer to the toe end 312, while also increasing Ixy.

[0151] As shown in Figure 17, the grid structure 330 with the highest effective density can be located within a horizontal reference cylinder 397 that extends along the X-axis 1050. The horizontal reference cylinder 397 can be identical to and similarly rounded to the horizontal reference cylinder 297 of the second iron club head 200. The effective density of the grid structure 330 can be reduced overall toward the top rail 308 and sole 310 by moving away from the horizontal reference cylinder 397. In this embodiment, the effective density of the grid 330 can remain substantially uniform in the front-to-back direction.

[0152] In addition to the lattice structure 330, the mass can be distributed by multiple internal masses 378. The multiple internal masses 378 can be integrally formed with the club head 300 and can protrude from the inner surface 324 into the internal cavity 320. The multiple internal masses 378 can be made of the same material as the rest of the club head 300. The multiple internal masses 378 can be solid masses of the material and can have a higher effective density than any part of the lattice structure 330. As shown in Figure 17, the third iron club head 300 comprises a first internal mass 378a and a second internal mass 378b. The first internal mass 378a can be positioned close to the top rail 308 and the toe end 312, and the second internal mass 378b can be positioned close to the sole 310 and the toe end 312.

[0153] The highest effective density 358 of the lattice structure 330 alone is located within the horizontal reference cylinder 397, but the effective density within the entire internal cavity 320 is influenced by the internal mass 378. Therefore, the highest effective density within the entire internal cavity 320 is located in the high tow quadrant 174 and / or the low tow quadrant 175. The lowest effective density within the internal cavity 320 is located in the high heel quadrant 176 and / or the low heel quadrant 177, specifically in the areas of the high heel quadrant 176 and the low heel quadrant 177 that are not located within the horizontal reference cylinder 397.

[0154] The density profile of the third iron club head 300 can result in increased POI values, particularly Ixy and Ixz, compared to club heads without a lattice structure or internal mass. The asymmetrical weighting of the X, Y, and Z axes is achieved by providing a relatively high effective density in the high toe quadrant 174 and a relatively low effective density in the high heel quadrant 176. This particular asymmetry in club head 100 leads to increased (i.e., larger positive or smaller negative) Ixy and Ixz values. As will be discussed in more detail later, increasing both Ixy and Ixz values ​​reduces undesirable sidespin in shots that are mishit and strike above or below the face center C.

[0155] The intent of the third club head embodiment 300 was to improve the point of interest (POI) and simultaneously shift the center of gravity (CG) position. The inclusion of the internal weight member 378 was designed to create the toe-oriented CG position of embodiments 100 and 200 described above. The additional placement of the lattice structure 330 and / or internal weight member 378 can achieve a combined balance of the improved POI at the desired CG position.

[0156] Iron Embodiment 4 Referring to Figures 20-22, the fourth iron embodiment 400 may include a grid structure 430 that does not contact the striking face. The grid structure 430 of the fourth iron embodiment 400 is spaced rearward from the face 404 such that the grid structure 430 is contained only within a portion of the internal cavity 420 near the rear 406. Within the grid structure 430, the highest grid density 458 may be located in the high toe quadrant 174 and / or the low heel quadrant 177. The effective density of the grid structure 430 may be reduced in the low toe quadrant 175 and / or the high heel quadrant 176. The overall lowest effective density 456 is located in a portion of the internal cavity 420 close to the face 404, and the lowest effective density 456 is zero, in which the grid structure 430 is not present in the portion of the internal cavity 420 close to the face 404. The effective density of the lattice structure 430 in the toe half of the club head 400 (i.e., the side facing the toe end 412), including the high toe quadrant 174 and the low toe quadrant 175, can increase from the sole 410 toward the top rail 408. Conversely, the effective density of the lattice structure 430 in the heel half of the club head 400 (i.e., the side facing the heel end 414), including the high heel quadrant 176 and the low heel quadrant 177, can decrease from the sole 410 toward the top rail 408. In this embodiment, the effective density of the lattice structure 430 can remain substantially uniform in the front-to-back direction.

[0157] The effective density profile of the fourth iron club head 400 yields a favorable POI value, particularly Ixy, and allows for maximum flex of the face 404 at impact with the golf ball. The asymmetrical weighting with respect to the X-axis 1050 and Y-axis 1060 is achieved by increasing the mass in the high toe quadrant 174 and low heel quadrant 177, while simultaneously decreasing the mass in the low toe quadrant 175 and high heel quadrant 176. This particular asymmetry in the club head 400 is desirable to provide an increased (i.e., larger positive or smaller negative) Ixy. As will be discussed in more detail later, a larger positive Ixy reduces the undesirable sidespin produced in mis-hits that strike above or below the center of the face. Furthermore, the space between the face 404 and the lattice structure 400 allows for further flexing of the face at impact with the golf ball compared to a similar lattice structure in contact with the face 404. By enabling maximum flexion of the face 404, the club head 400 retains high ball speed while also benefiting from the improved Ixy properties of the lattice structure 430's density profile.

[0158] Advantages of irons The lattice structure 130 advantageously allows for mass redistribution, providing an improved product of inertia (POI) to the iron-type club head 100. This improvement in the product of inertia (POI) can lead to improved performance of the iron-type club head 100, such as a reduction or cancellation of sidespin imparted to the golf ball during impact above or below the center C of the face 104. The embodiments 100, 200, 300, and 400 of the iron-type club head described above follow the principles described later regarding the negation of sidespin in high and low mis-hits through improved iron-type club head product of inertia.

[0159] The iron-type golf club head 100 possesses an inertia tensor. The inertia tensor for club head 100 is expressed by the following equation (1). Generally, when performance is maximized, the principal axes (Ixx, Iyy, Izz) of the inertia tensor are maximized. The tensor along the principal axes of the inertia tensor is called the moment of inertia (MOI) of the club head about the x-axis (Ixx), y-axis (Iyy), and z-axis (Izz). The larger the MOI, the less likely club head 100 is to rotate when torque is applied (i.e., the golf ball is not struck at the geometric center point 116 of the striking face 104). In many cases, it is assumed that when the MOI of club head 100 is maximized and the golf ball is struck near the center C of the face, the golf ball will fly straight. However, the golf club head 100 is still subject to three main rotational effects due to the mechanics of individual golf swings that affect the ball's trajectory.

number

[0160] Referring to Figures 23A to 23C, there are three main rotational effects that the golf club head 100 experiences through the impact generated by the user (essentially caused by the golfer swinging the golf club). Referring to Figure 23A, the first effect, the loft ratio, is the rate of change over time of the loft angle α of the golf club head 100. The loft ratio is the rotation ω of the loft around the x-axis 1050 of the golf club head 100. x This is the speed. Referring to Figure 23B, the closure rate is the rate of change over time of the face angle of the golf club head 100. The closure rate is the closing rotation ω of the golf club head 100 around the y-axis 1060. y This is the speed. Finally, referring to Figure 23C, the third effect, the droop rate, is the rate of change over time of the lie angle of the golf club head 100 at impact. The droop rate is the downward rotation ω of the golf club head 100 around the z-axis 1070. z This is the speed.

[0161] Furthermore, in addition to the rotational effects generated by the three main users, the swing path of the golf club 100 and the face angle of the golf club head 100 at impact are also individual swing dynamics generated by the user that affect the amount of spin imparted to the golf ball. The face angle of the golf club 100 at impact is the angle formed between the target line (the line formed from the golf ball to the desired endpoint of the golf ball) and the face line (the direction vector extending perpendicularly from the center C of the striking face 104 when projected onto the ground). The golf club path is the angle formed between the target line and the velocity vector of the golf club head 100 at the time of impact with the golf ball. A difference between the face angle and the club path results in undesirable sidespin. The greater the difference between the face angle and the club path, the greater the sidespin generated.

[0162] Referring to Figures 23A to 23C, when a golfer strikes a golf ball above or below the center C of the clubface 104, the closing rotation ω of the clubhead 100 y and the downward rotation ω z This generates sidespin. Returning to Figure 3, the striking face 104 of the golf club head 100 is positioned at loft angle α. As a result, the Y-axis 1060 intersects the striking face such that certain impact positions 101, such as impacts below the CG, occur in front of the Y-axis 1060 (i.e., in front of the CG in the Z direction). Other impacts, such as any impact located above the CG and outside the central region 10, occur behind the Y-axis 1060 (i.e., behind the CG in the Z direction). Closing rotation ω ySince this occurs around the Y-axis 1060, any point on the striking face 104 located in front of the Y-axis 1060 moves toward the heel end 114 of the club head 100 at impact, and any point on the striking face 104 located behind the Y-axis 1060 moves toward the toe end 112 of the club head 100 at impact. Similarly, referring to Figure 23C, in the case of a positive droop rate, the drooping rotation ω z This causes every point on the striking face 104 located below CG (i.e., below the Z-axis 1070) to move toward the heel end 114 at impact. Conversely, in the case of a positive drop, a toe-down rotation around the Z-axis 1070 causes every point on the striking face 104 located above CG (i.e., above the Z-axis 1070) to move toward the toe end 112. Therefore, given the desired delivery parameter (i.e., the delivery of the club head 100 that would produce a straight shot when impacted at center C), the closing rotation ω y and the downward rotation ω z This affects a golf shot struck above the center C, causing a draw. Conversely, the closing rotation ω y and the downward rotation ω z This affects golf shots struck below the center C, causing a fade. The further above or below the center C the ball is struck, the greater the sidespin generated.

[0163] Club head 100 natural closing rotation ω y and the downward rotation ω z In addition to the sidespin generated by the ball, sidespin is also generated by the angular acceleration that the club head 100 experiences at impact. This angular acceleration is generated by the moment associated with the impact force between the ball and the club head 100 in an off-center hit. When a golfer hits the ball (in the direction from the top rail 108 to the sole 110) just below or just above the center C of the striking face 104, the impact force between the ball and the club head 100 is a lofting moment (-Mx ), closing moment (M y ), and the moment of hanging (M z ) imparts to the club head 100, thereby increasing the loft acceleration - α x (or deloft acceleration α) x ), closing acceleration α y (or opening acceleration - α) y ), and the downward accelerating α z (or tow-up acceleration - α) z ) is created. The angular acceleration experienced by the club head 100 when struck just above or below the center C can be expressed by the following equations (2), (3), and (4). These angular accelerations create a gearing effect between the ball and the striking face 104, which affects the amount of spin applied to the ball. Assuming that the golf ball is struck above or below the x-axis 1050 but on (touching) the y-axis 1060, the moment applied around the y-axis 1060 and z-axis 1070 is approximately zero (M y ≈ 0, M z (≒0), and therefore not exemplified. Moment applied around x-axis 1050 (M x The moment M around the x-axis is directly proportional to how far above or below the center of the golf ball's impact point is (i.e., the further above the center C the ball is struck, the greater the moment M around the x-axis). x (It will get bigger).

number

number

number

[0164] To minimize the angular acceleration of the golf club head 100 at impact, the moment of inertia around the x-axis 1050, y-axis 1060, and z-axis 1070 can be increased, thereby improving the golf club head 100's resistance to rotational moments around the principal axes (x-axis, y-axis, z-axis), and thus increasing its forgiveness. Improved resistance of the golf club head 100 to rotational moments around the principal axes leads to greater forgiveness for off-center impacts. However, even if the MOI is maximized and the golf ball is struck above or below center C (with desirable delivery parameters), the golf ball will still be affected by the club head 100's natural closing rotation ω y and the downward rotation ω z This will still result in undesirable sidespin.

[0165] Generally, conventional club heads attempt to minimize the angular acceleration experienced by the club head at impact in order to produce a straight shot. However, simply minimizing angular acceleration does not allow the club head to naturally close its rotation ω y and the downward rotation ω z Side spin generated by this is not considered. Not only does the club head 100 minimize angular acceleration, but the club head 100 of the present invention can optimize the product of inertia (POI) to strategically manipulate angular acceleration at impact. Specifically, the club head 100 of the present invention has a lattice structure 130 that increases Ixy and Ixz compared to a similar club head without such a lattice structure by providing the highest effective density 158 in the high toe quadrant 174 and the low heel quadrant 177. The improved product of inertia (POI) increases the moment M around the X-axis 1050. x However, this can create favorable angular acceleration at impact around the Y-axis 1060 and Z-axis 1070. These favorable angular accelerations maintain forgiveness in the heel-to-toe 112 direction while allowing for natural closing rotation ω when the ball hits the top and bottom of the face.y and the downward rotation ω z It counteracts the undesirable sidespin caused by the club head 100. The POI of the club head is the closing spin ω on high or low mishits. y and the downward rotation ω z To create a favorable angular acceleration that influences the ball to spin in the opposite direction to the sidespin caused by the impact, the grid structure 130 can be strategically included to optimize this. In this way, the influence of the favorable angular acceleration at impact on sidespin and the natural closing rotation ω of the club head 100 can be optimized. y and the downward rotation ω z Side spin caused by the POI (Point of Inertia) can cancel each other out. Therefore, the side spin generated by the POI of the club head can minimize or negate the overall side spin on high or low mishits.

[0166] Optimally, the iron-type club head 100 can have inertia products Ixy and Ixz, both of which are non-zero. Referring to Figures 7 and 8, both Ixy and Ixz can be optimized simultaneously by creating an iron-type club head 100 with minimal sidespin on high and low mishits, using a grid structure 130 with high effective density in the high toe region 180, low heel region 183, front toe region 188, and / or rear heel region 191, and low effective density in the low toe region 181, high heel region 182, rear toe region 189, and / or front heel region 190. As will be discussed in more detail later, the sidespin on high and low mishits of the iron-type club head 100 cannot be completely neutralized by manipulating Ixy alone or Ixz alone individually. Rather, the sidespin on high and low mishits is neutralized by the optimal combination of Ixy and Ixz values.

[0167] Figures 24A and 24B show the effect of a non-zero positive Ixy on sidespin in low and high mishits. Referring to Figure 24A, if the golf club head 100 is struck below the center C of the striking face 104, and thereby has a positive Ixy, the club head 100 has a moment of deloft (+M) about the X-axis 1050. x ) receives an acceleration that causes the Y-axis to open up around 1060 - α y This is created. Due to the lofted face 104 of the iron-type club head 100, most low impacts (with the exception of impacts within the central region 10) occur in front of the CG in the Z direction. At this impact position 101, any point on the face 104 in front of the CG accelerates toward the toe end 112, thus creating an opening acceleration - α of the club head 100. y This affects the ball and causes it to draw. Referring to Figure 24B, if the golf club head 100 is struck above the center C of the striking face in positive Ixy, the club head 100 receives a lofting moment (-Mx) about the X-axis 1050, thereby causing a closing acceleration α about the Y-axis 1060. y This is created. Due to the lofted face 104 of the iron-type club head 100, most high impacts (with the exception of impacts within the central region 10) occur behind the center of gravity (CG). At such impact positions 101, any point on the face behind the CG accelerates toward the toe end 112, thus creating the closing acceleration α of the club head 100. y This also affects the ball and causes it to draw.

[0168] Figures 25A and 25B show the effect of a non-zero negative Ixz on spin in low and high mis-hits. Referring to Figure 25A, if a golf club head 100 is struck below the center C of the impact face 104 with a negative Ixz, the club head 100 will have a moment of deloft (+M) around the X-axis 1050. x ) is received, which in turn causes toe-down acceleration α centered on the Z-axis 1070. zThis is created. If the impact is at a low position on the face 104, as the toe 112 of the club head 100 rotates downward, every point on the face 104 below the CG accelerates toward the heel end 114, thus creating toe-down acceleration α. z This affects the ball and causes it to fade. Referring to Figure 25B, when the golf club head 100 is struck above the center C of the striking face 104 and Ixz is negative, the moment of loft (-M) of the club head 100 around the X-axis 1050. x ) is received, which results in toe-up acceleration centered on the Z-axis 1070 - α z This is created. If the impact is at a low position on the face 104, as the toe 112 of the club head 100 rotates upward, every point on the face 104 above the CG accelerates towards the heel end 114, so the toe-up acceleration still affects the ball and causes a fade.

[0169] As mentioned above, the individual effects of Ixy or Ixz are insufficient to eliminate sidespin on high or low mishits. As shown in Figures 24A and 24B, a positive Ixy value in the iron-type club head 100 affects the ball, causing a draw on both high and low mishits. Low mishits are due to the natural closing rotation ω of the club head 100. y and the downward rotation ω z Because of this, there is a natural tendency for the ball to fade, and this draw effect is desirable for counteracting sidespin on low mishits. However, the draw effect is due to the closing rotation ω of the club head. y and the downward rotation ω z Because it doubles the natural draw spin produced on high mishits, the draw effect of a positive Ixy value is undesirable for high mishits. Conversely, as shown in Figures 25A and 25B, a negative Ixz value in the iron-type club head 100 affects the ball and causes a fade on both high and low mishits. High mishits are caused by the closing rotation ω of the club head 100. yand the downward rotation ω z Because of this, there is a natural tendency for the ball to draw, and the effect of this fade is favorable in counteracting sidespin on high mishits. However, the effect of the fade is actually the closing rotation ω of the club head 100 y and the downward rotation ω z Because it doubles the natural fade spin produced on low mis-hits, the fade effect of a positive Ixz value is undesirable for low mis-hits.

[0170] To neutralize the sidespin caused by high or low mis-hits, a combination of positive Ixy and negative Ixz is required. (Closing rotation ω of club head 100) y and the downward rotation ω z An optimal combination of positive Ixy and negative Ixz values ​​must be achieved that not only neutralizes the sidespin imparted to the ball, but also balances the negative effects of Ixy and Ixz on specific shots (i.e., the draw effect of positive Ixy on high mis-hits, and the fade effect of negative Ixz on low mis-hits).

[0171] It should be noted that the need for positive non-zero Ixy and negative non-zero Ixz to neutralize sidespin on high and low mishits is unique to iron-type club heads. For example, driver-type, fairway wood-type, and hybrid-type golf club heads all, like iron-type club heads, have a closing rotation ω of the club head at impact. y and the downward rotation ω z This results in undesirable sidespin on high and low mishits. However, to counteract such undesirable sidespin, driver, fairway wood, and hybrid club heads simply require a positive non-zero Ixy value. In other words, it is not necessary to achieve a non-zero Ixz value to balance the Ixy value.

[0172] Referring to Figures 26A and 26B, a driver-type club head is shown as an example of a wood-type club head that does not require a non-zero Ixz. The CG of the driver-type club head is positioned considerably behind the face, and the face is not lofted high, so the impact position for both high and low mishits will be in front of the CG in the Z direction. As shown in Figure 26A, this opens up with an acceleration-α due to a positive Ixy value. y In the case of a low mishit, this means that the entire face moves towards the toe, influencing the ball and causing a draw. Since low mishits tend to produce fade spin, the draw effect caused by a positive Ixy value is sufficient to neutralize the sidespin in a low mishit. Similarly, as shown in Figure 26B, the acceleration α that closes with a positive Ixy value y In the case of a high mishit, the entire face moves towards the heel, affecting the ball and causing a fade. Since high mishits tend to generate draw spin, the fading effect caused by a positive Ixy value is sufficient to neutralize the sidespin in high mishits.

[0173] Therefore, the fact that a driver-type club head with positive Ixy can influence low mishits to draw and high mishits to fade means that simply having positive Ixy can neutralize sidespin on high or low mishits. Thus, in the case of a driver-type club head, it is not necessary to provide negative Ixz. In fact, in a driver-type club head, it is desirable to minimize Ixz (i.e., provide Ixz as close to zero as possible) in order to minimize any other angular acceleration. In contrast, as mentioned above, an iron-type golf club head has both positive Ixy and negative Ixz, which work in combination to neutralize sidespin caused by high and low mishits.

[0174] Figures 27-30 show the combination of non-zero positive Ixy (created by the high effective density of the high toe region 174 and low heel region 177) and non-zero negative Ixz (created by the high effective density of the front toe region 189 and rear heel region 190) for the closing rotation ω of the iron-type golf club head 100. y and the downward rotation ω z This shows that the sidespin generated by this can be canceled out. Figure 27 shows the closing rotation ω at impact. y and the downward rotation ω z This shows the sidespin that occurs on high and low mis-hits, with positive values ​​correlated with fade spin and negative values ​​correlated with draw spin. As can be seen from the figure, sidespin varies almost linearly with respect to the impact position on the Y-axis at 1060. In other words, the closing rotation ω at any impact height (h) y and the downward rotation ω z Side spin (S R This can be explained by the following equation (5).

number

[0175] Figure 28 shows that the positive non-zero Ixy and the negative non-zero Ixz are closing rotations ω y and the downward rotation ω z This shows the effect on sidespin at different impact positions along the y-axis 1060, independently of any spin generated by each of the following. As described above, due to the relative positions of the CG and the impact face 104, the effects of Ixy and Ixz on sidespin are essentially parabolic. Sidespin generated by Ixy alone at any impact height (h) (S Ixy ) is the curve S in Figure 28. Ixy It can be expressed by the following equation (6), and explained by equation (6).

number

[0176] Similarly, sidespin (S) generated solely by Ixz at any impact height (h) Ixz ) is the curve S in Figure 28. Ixz It can be expressed by the following equation (6), and explained by equation (6).

number

[0177] Ixy and Ixz side spin response S Ixy S Ixz Then, close rotation ω y and the downward rotation ω z To counteract the sidespin and produce zero sidespin on high and low mis-hits (given the desired delivery characteristics), the sum of equations (5), (6), and (7) must be equal to zero for all impact heights (h). Equation (8) characterizes the solution for the sum of the equations that produces zero sidespin on high and low mis-hits.

number

[0178] Figure 30 shows the parabolas S of the sidespin response to Ixy and Ixz in relation to various vertical positions of the striking face 104 for non-zero positive Ixy and negative non-zero Ixz. Ixy S Ixz This is an exaggerated (i.e., intentionally not drawn to scale for illustrative purposes) figure illustrating the Ixy response parabola S, as shown in the plot. Ixy The maximum value is at the midpoint m xy It occurs in the same way as the Ixz response parabola S. Ixz The minimum value is at the midpoint m xz This occurs. It should be noted that when the impact is within the central region 10, the effects on Ixy and Ixz change. As shown in Figure 30, Ixy actually affects the ball at a position between the Y-axis intersection 169 and the center C on the striking face 104, causing a fade, while Ixz affects the ball at a position between the Z-axis intersection 171 and the center C on the striking face 104, causing a draw.

[0179] Figure 31 shows the sidespin response SC of Ixy and Ixz for a typical conventional club head. Ixy SC Ixz This indicates that, generally, achieving a positive value for Ixy is extremely difficult because it requires extreme asymmetry. Therefore, conventional iron-type club heads generally have Ixy and Ixz values ​​that are both significantly negative. Conventional Ixy and Ixz side spin response SC Ixy SC Ixz By adding this, the combined parabolic spin response SC is convex, as shown in Figure 32. POI This results in the parabolic spin response SC of a conventional club head combination. Comparing Figures 27 and 32, the parabolic spin response SC of a conventional club head combination is shown. POI This is a closing rotation ω y and the downward rotation ω z Linear side spin response S R It is not possible to disable it. As illustrated, a significantly negative Ixy and Ixz are combined to create a fade response at all positions on the face, including a large fade effect for low impact positions. The main goal when optimizing the POI to reduce sidespin is to create a club head with a significantly positive Ixy value. Thus, many embodiments of the iron-type club head 100 with a lattice structure 130 can focus on increasing Ixy by providing increased mass in the high toe region 180 and the low heel region 183. Given various other design constraints of the golf club head 100, even if a positive Ixy value cannot be reasonably achieved, increasing Ixy (i.e., making Ixy more negative compared to the prior art) can reduce the amount of sidespin on high and low mishits. By increasing Ixy, the Ixy sidespin response S Ixz The side spin response becomes shallower, and therefore the combined side spin response S POI Close rotation ω y and the downward rotation ω z Side spin response S RIt can be made to resemble the mirror image.

[0180] The iron-type golf club head 100 can have "target" values ​​for both Ixy and Ixz. These target values ​​for Ixy and Ixz, in combination, represent the optimal POI (Point of Inertia) for the club head 100 in terms of reducing sidespin on high and low mishits. A club head 100 with target values ​​for both Ixy and Ixz will, given desirable delivery parameters and average swing characteristics (i.e., average swing speed, average closure rate, etc.), exhibit negligible sidespin on high and low mishits. Generally, achieving optimal product of inertia Ixy and Ixz while maintaining other desirable mass characteristics (MOI, CG position, etc.) is extremely difficult. However, the closer the golf club's product of inertia Ixy and Ixz are to the target values, the greater the reduction in sidespin.

[0181] Iron-type club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400 have a non-zero positive target Ixy value. In many embodiments, target Ixy is approximately 20 g·in 2 Approximately 130g·in 2 It can be between 20 g·in. In some embodiments, target Ixy is 20 g·in 2 From 40g·in 2 During 30g·in 2 From 50g·in 2 During, 40g·in 2 From 60g·in 2 During the period, 50g·in 2 From 70g·in 2 During 60g·in 2 From 80g·in 2 During, 80g·in 2 From 100g·in 2 During the period, 100g·in 2 From 120g·in 2 During, or 110g·in 2 From 130g·in 2It is between. In some embodiments, the target Ixy is about 20 g·in 2 , about 25g·in 2 , about 30g·in 2 , about 35g·in 2 , about 40g·in 2 , approx. 45g·in 2 , about 50g·in 2 , approx. 55g·in 2 , about 60g·in 2 , about 65g·in 2 , about 70g·in 2 , about 75g·in 2 , or approximately 80g·in 2 This can be achieved. In some embodiments, the target Ixy is approximately 0 g·in 2 Larger than that, approximately 5g·in 2 Larger than that, approximately 10g·in 2 Larger than that, approximately 15g·in 2 Larger than that, approximately 20g·in 2 Larger than that, approximately 25g·in 2 Larger than that, approximately 30g·in 2 Larger than that, approximately 35g·in 2 Larger than that, approximately 40g·in 2 Larger than that, approximately 45g·in 2 Larger than that, approximately 50g·in 2 Larger than that, approximately 60g·in 2 Larger than that, approximately 70g·in 2 Larger than that, approximately 80g·in 2 Larger than that, approximately 90g·in 2 Larger than that, approximately 100g·in 2 Larger than that, approximately 110g·in 2 Larger than, or approximately 120g·in 2 It can be made larger than that.

[0182] Iron-type club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400 have a non-zero negative target Ixz value. In many embodiments, the target Ixz is approximately -10 g·in 2 Approximately -40g·in 2It can be between -10g·in. In some embodiments, the target Ixz is -10g·in 2 -15g·in 2 During this period, -15g·in 2 -20g·in 2 During -20g·in 2 -25g·in 2 During this period, -30g·in 2 -35g·in 2 During, or -35g·in 2 -40g·in 2 It is between. In some embodiments, the target Ixz is about -10 g·in 2 , about -15g·in 2 , about -20g·in 2 , about -25g·in 2 , about -30g·in 2 , about -35g·in 2 , or approximately -40g·in 2 It can be done this way.

[0183] In many embodiments, the product of inertia Ixz is approximately -5g·in 2 Less than approximately -10g·in 2 Less than approximately -15g·in 2 Less than approximately -20g·in 2 Less than approximately -25g·in 2 Less than approximately -30g·in 2 Less than approximately -35g·in 2 Less than, or approximately -40g·in 2 It is less than.

[0184] In many functional embodiments of iron-type club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 with lattice structures 130, 230, 330, 430, the iron-type club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 weigh approximately -10g·in 2 Approximately -40g·in 2 It can have a product of inertia Ixy between. In some embodiments, iron-type club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 with a lattice structure have a -10g·in 2 -20g·in2 During -20g·in 2 -30g·in 2 During, or -30g·in 2 -40g·in 2 It can have a product of inertia Ixy between. In some embodiments, iron-type club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 with a lattice structure have a -10g·in 2 -30g·in 2 During this period, -15g·in 2 -35g·in 2 During, or -20g·in 2 -40g·in 2 It can have a product of inertia Ixy between the two. In some embodiments, the club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400 have a product of inertia of approximately -50g·in. 2 Larger than, approximately -45g·in 2 Larger than, approximately -40g·in 2 Larger than, approximately -35g·in 2 Larger than, approximately -30g·in 2 Larger than, approximately -25g·in 2 Larger than, approximately -20g·in 2 Larger than, approximately -15g·in 2 Larger than, approximately -10g·in 2 Larger than, or approximately -5g·in 2 It has a larger product of inertia Ixy than [this value].

[0185] In many functional embodiments of iron-type club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 with lattice structures 130, 230, 330, 430, the iron-type club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 have a weight of -45g·in 2 -65g·in 2 It can have a product of inertia Ixz between. In some embodiments, iron-type club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 with lattice structures 130, 230, 330, 430 have a product of inertia of -45g·in 2 -50g·in 2 During this period, -50g·in 2-55g·in 2 During this period, -55g·in 2 -60g·in 2 During, or -60g·in 2 -65g·in 2 It can have a product of inertia Ixz between. In some embodiments, iron-type club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 with lattice structures 130, 230, 330, 430 have a product of inertia of -45g·in 2 -55g·in 2 During this period, -50g·in 2 -60g·in 2 During this period, -55g·in 2 -65g·in 2 During this period, -45g·in 2 -60g·in 2 During, or 50g·in 2 -65g·in 2 It has a product of inertia Ixz between . In some embodiments, the golf club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400 have a weight of approximately -45g·in 2 Less than approximately -50g·in 2 Less than approximately -45g·in 2 Less than approximately -50g·in 2 Less than approximately -55g·in 2 Less than approximately -60g·in 2 Less than, or approximately -65g·in 2 It can have a product of inertia Ixy less than .

[0186] In many embodiments, iron-type club heads 100, 200, 300, and 4000, which have grid structures 130, 230, 330, and 430, have a product of inertia much closer to the optimal target value than similar club heads that do not have such grid structures 130, 230, 330, and 430. In many embodiments, a club head similar to iron-type club head 100 but without a grid structure has a product of inertia of approximately -50 g·in 2 -70g·in 2The product of inertia Ixy is provided. In many embodiments, the product of inertia Ixy of iron-type club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 having grid structures 130, 230, 330, 430 is 15% to 50% closer to the target product of inertia Ixy than that of a similar club head without such grid structure 130. In some embodiments, the product of inertia Ixy of iron-type club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 having grid structures 130, 230, 330, 430 can be 15% to 25%, 25% to 35%, 35% to 45%, 45% to 50%, 15% to 35%, 20% to 40%, 25% to 45%, or 30% to 50% closer to the target product of inertia Ixy than that of a similar club head without such grid structure.

[0187] In many embodiments, a club head similar to the iron-type club head 100 but without a lattice structure weighs approximately -75g·in 2 -90g·in 2 It has an inertia product Ixz. In many embodiments, the inertia product Ixz of iron-type club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 having grid structures 130, 230, 330, 430 is 5% to 45% closer to the target inertia product Ixz than that of a similar club head without such grid structure 130. In some embodiments, the product of inertia Ixz of iron-type club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 having lattice structures 130, 230, 330, 430 can be 5% to 15%, 15% to 25%, 25% to 35%, 35% to 40%, 40% to 45%, 5% to 25%, 10% to 30%, 15% to 35%, 20% to 40%, or 25% to 45% closer to the target product of inertia Ixz than that of similar club heads without such lattice structures.

[0188] The target values ​​for Ixy and Ixz can vary across 100 iron-type club heads designed for different categories of players. Since natural closure and drop rates can vary from player to player, the closing rotation ω in high and low mishits can differ. y and the downward rotation ω zThe amount of sidespin generated can vary for different types of players. For example, a club designed for a player with a slower swing speed (generally having a lower closure ratio) may have different target values ​​for Ixy and Ixz than a club head designed for a player with a faster swing speed. Since the effect of Ixy is more pronounced at faster impact speeds, the target value of Ixy approaches zero as the swing speed increases. In other words, as the swing speed increases, the positive target Ixy value decreases. Conversely, since the effect of Ixz is more pronounced at faster impact speeds, the target value of Ixz approaches zero as the swing speed increases. In other words, as the swing speed increases, the negative target Ixz value increases. The difference between the target values ​​of Ixy and Ixz is the closing rotation ω of the club head. y and the downward rotation ω z This constitutes the difference in spin given to such players on high and low mis-hits.

[0189] In many embodiments, the iron-type golf club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400, designed for players with slower swing speeds (i.e., swing speeds of 60 to 75 mph when swinging an iron-type club head), weigh approximately 75 g·in. 2 From 130g·in 2 It can feature a low swing speed target Ixy. In some embodiments, iron-type golf club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400 designed for players with slow swing speeds weigh approximately 75g·in. 2 From 85g·in 2 During that time, approximately 85g·in 2 From 95g·in 2 During that time, approximately 95g·in 2 From 115g·in 2 During, or approximately 115g·in 2 From 130g·in 2A target Ixy can be provided between α. Iron-type club heads with different loft angles α can target slightly different ranges of Ixy values ​​for players with a given swing speed. For example, 7-iron golf club heads designed for players with slower swing speeds, such as 100, 200, 300, and 400, can target approximately 90g·in. 2 From 127g·in 2 The 4-iron golf club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400, designed for players with slower swing speeds, can be equipped with a target Ixy between them, and weigh approximately 77g·in. 2 From 108g·in 2 It can have a target Ixy between them.

[0190] In many embodiments, the iron-type golf club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400, designed for players with slower swing speeds (i.e., swing speeds of 60 to 75 mph when swinging an iron-type club head), weigh approximately -70g·in. 2 -30g·in 2 It can feature a low swing speed target Ixz. In some embodiments, iron-type golf club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 designed for players with slow swing speeds weigh approximately -70g·in 2 -60g·in 2 During this period, approximately -60g·in 2 -50g·in 2 During this period, approximately -50g·in 2 -40g·in 2 During this period, approximately -40g·in 2 -30g·in 2 A target Ixz can be provided between α. Iron-type club heads with different loft angles α can target slightly different ranges of Ixz values ​​for players with a given swing speed. For example, 7-iron golf club heads designed for players with slower swing speeds, such as 100, 200, 300, and 400, can target approximately -69g·in. 2 -49g·in 2The 4-iron golf club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400, designed for players with slower swing speeds, can be equipped with a target 1xz between them, and weigh approximately -48g·in. 2 -34g·in 2 It can have a target Ixz between them.

[0191] In many embodiments, the 100, 200, 300, and 400 iron-type golf club heads, designed for players with average swing speeds (i.e., swing speeds of 75 to 85 mph when swinging an iron-type club head), weigh approximately 50g·in. 2 From 95g·in 2 An average swing speed target of 1xy can be provided. In some embodiments, iron-type golf club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 designed for players with an average swing speed weigh approximately 50g·in 2 From 65g·in 2 During that time, approximately 65g·in 2 From 75g·in 2 During that time, approximately 75g·in 2 From 85g·in 2 During, or approximately 85g·in 2 From 95g·in 2 A target Ixy can be provided between α. Iron-type club heads with different loft angles α can target a slightly different range of Ixy values ​​for a player with a given swing speed. For example, a 7-iron golf club head designed for an average player with a swing speed of 100, 200, 300, 400 weighs approximately 63g·in. 2 From 90g·in 2 The 4-iron golf club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400, designed for players with average swing speeds, can be equipped with a target Ixy between them, and weigh approximately 55g·in. 2 From 75g·in 2 It can have a target Ixy between them.

[0192] In many embodiments, the iron-type golf club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400, designed for players with average swing speeds (i.e., swing speeds of 75 to 85 mph when swinging an iron-type club head), weigh approximately -55g·in. 2 -20g·in 2 It can be equipped with an average swing speed target Ixz. In some embodiments, iron-type golf club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 designed for players with average swing speeds weigh approximately -55g·in 2 -45g·in 2 During this period, approximately -45g·in 2 -35g·in 2 During this period, approximately -35g·in 2 -25g·in 2 During, or approximately -25g·in 2 -20g·in 2 A target Ixz can be provided between α. Iron-type club heads with different loft angles α can target a slightly different range of Ixz values ​​for a given swing speed player. For example, 7-iron golf club heads designed for players with average swing speeds, such as 100, 200, 300, and 400, can target approximately -49g·in. 2 -36g·in 2 The 4-iron golf club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400, designed for players with average swing speeds, can be equipped with a target 1xz, while the 4-iron club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400 weigh approximately -34g·in. 2 -25g·in 2 It can have a target Ixz between them.

[0193] In many embodiments, the iron-type golf club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400, designed for players with fast swing speeds (i.e., swing speeds of 85 to 105 mph when swinging an iron-type club head), weigh approximately 1 g·in. 2 From 70g·in 2It can be equipped with a high swing speed target Ixy. In some embodiments, iron-type golf club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 designed for players with fast swing speeds weigh approximately 1 g·in. 2 From 20g·in 2 During that time, approximately 20g·in 2 From 40g·in 2 During that time, approximately 40g·in 2 From 60g·in 2 During that time, or approximately 50g·in 2 From 70g·in 2 A target Ixy can be provided between α. Iron-type club heads with different loft angles α can target a slightly different range of Ixy values ​​for a given swing speed player. For example, 7-iron golf club heads designed for players with fast swing speeds, such as 100, 200, 300, and 400, can target approximately 12g·in. 2 From 64g·in 2 The 4-iron golf club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400, designed for players with faster swing speeds, can be equipped with an Ixy target between them, and weigh approximately 4g in. 2 From 55g·in 2 It can have a target Ixy between them.

[0194] In many embodiments, the 100, 200, 300, and 400 iron-type golf club heads, designed for players with fast swing speeds (i.e., swing speeds of 85 to 105 mph when swinging an iron-type club head), weigh approximately -40g·in. 2 -1g·in 2 It can be equipped with a high swing speed target Ixz. In some embodiments, iron-type golf club heads 100, 200, 300, 400 designed for players with fast swing speeds weigh approximately -40g·in 2 -30g·in 2 During this period, approximately -30g·in 2 -20g·in 2 During this period, approximately -20g·in 2-10g·in 2 During this period, approximately -10g·in 2 -1g·in 2 A target Ixz can be provided between α. Iron-type club heads with different loft angles α can target a slightly different range of Ixz values ​​for a player with a given swing speed. For example, a 7-iron golf club head designed for an average player with a swing speed of 100, 200, 300, 400 will have a target Ixz of approximately -36g·in 2 -8g·in 2 The 4-iron golf club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400, designed for players with average swing speeds, can be equipped with a target 1xz, while the 4-iron club heads 100, 200, 300, and 400 weigh approximately -25g in. 2 -2g·in 2 It can have a target Ixz between them.

[0195] In addition to swing speed, which affects the target Ixy and Ixz values, the club head closure rate and drop rate also change the target Ixy and Ixz values. Players with the same swing speed may give the club head different closure rates. A faster closing rotation ω y When you swing it, the rotation ω closes. y Larger Ixy and Ixz values ​​are needed to offset the natural spin given by ω. As mentioned above, closing rotation ω y This naturally imparts fade spin to the golf ball below the center of the face and draw spin above the center. In addition, the player can add a slight toe-down rotation (i.e., a positive downward rotation ω z ) There is a tendency to impact the golf ball with a downward rotation ω. z This is a closing rotation ω y This induces the same natural spin direction. Depending on the player's unique swing parameters, the golf club head will rotate more or less downwards ω z It may be affected. The larger the target Ixy and Ixz values, the greater the downward rotation ω. zThis can help offset it.

[0196] In addition to the benefits of mass properties, the lattice structure 130 can also increase the durability of the golf club head 100. Since iron-type golf club heads 100 withstand high impact stresses, the durability provided by the lattice structure 130 is particularly valuable in iron-type club heads 100. In some embodiments, the lattice structure 130 can reinforce the rear portion 106 of the striking face 104 of the iron 100 and connect to the rear wall. The lattice 130 provides additional support against material fracture during impact, so the striking face 104 can be made thinner. In other embodiments, the lattice structure 130 can be separated from the rear portion of the striking face 104 to facilitate unhindered bending of the striking face 104.

[0197] putter The lattice structure described above can also be incorporated into putter-type golf club heads. Within the putter, the position and effective density profile of the lattice structure can be used to improve the moment of inertia (MOI) value and position the center of gravity (CG) at a desired location. The CG can be positioned forward of the baseline CG position (CG'), which is the position where the CG would be located without a lattice structure that affects the mass distribution (i.e., in the case of a solid-body putter). By using the lattice structure in mallet or mid-mallet type putters, structural durability can be maintained while improving the MOI and CG position. As described above with respect to the lattice structure, the desired effective density can be achieved by changing the beam thickness of each unit scaffold within each lattice unit.

[0198] The overall characteristics of a putter-type golf club head are described below, followed by a description of specific putter embodiments. Referring to Figures 33 to 39, in some embodiments, the golf club head can be a putter 500, such as a mallet or mid-mallet. The putter 500 comprises a face 504, a sole 510, and an outer shell 560 (or crown). The outer shell 560 comprises a central crown portion 562, a toe crown portion 564 extending toward the toe end 512 of the club head 500, a heel crown portion 566 extending toward the heel end 514 of the club head 500, and a skirt portion 568 on the periphery of the club head 500. The skirt 568 may extend around the end of the club head 500, from the toe end 512 through the rear end 506 of the club head to the heel end 514. The face 504, sole 510, and outer shell 560 (or crown) can form the perimeter of the golf club head 500. The perimeter can be solid.

[0199] In some embodiments, the outer shell 560 may have a uniform thickness. In other embodiments, the crown (center portion 562, toe portion 564, and heel portion 566) may be thinner than the skirt portion 568. The putter head 500 may also include a hosel 505 or hosel hole configured to attach to the golf club shaft.

[0200] The central crown portion 562 may be lower than the toe crown portion 564 and the heel crown portion 566. The skirt portion 568 connects the crown portions 562, 564, and 566 to the sole 510. The outer shell 560 and the sole 510 together can form an internal cavity 520. The putter head 500 may have an outer surface 522 and an inner surface 524, the inner surface 524 forming the boundary of (or surrounding) the internal cavity 520. The internal cavity 520 can accommodate a grid structure 530. The grid structure 530 can completely or partially fill the internal cavity 520. The grid structure 530 can connect to the inner surface 524 of the internal cavity 520. The grid structure 530 can affect the mass distribution and thus change the MOI, POI, and CG positions.

[0201] The face 504 may have a thickness measured perpendicularly to the rear of the face 504 at the center point of the striking face 516. A thick face can move the CG forward, and a thin face can move the CG backward. The putter head 500 may further comprise a front portion 570 and a rear portion 572. In the thick-faced embodiment, the face forms the front portion 570 of the golf club head 500, and the entire portion behind the face 504 forms the rear portion 572 of the golf club head 500. In the thin-faced embodiment, the section of the club head 500 in front of the boundary wall 525 is the front portion 570 of the club head 500, and the remaining portion of the club head behind the boundary wall is the rear portion 572 of the club head. The boundary wall 525 may be defined behind the hosel 505, offset by a certain distance from the face 504.

[0202] The rear portion 572 of the club head 500 may have a total rear portion volume, measured as the solid volume enclosed by the outer surface 522 of the rear portion 572. The internal cavity 520 may have a cavity volume, measured as the volume enclosed by the inner surface 524. The internal cavity volume may be a percentage of the rear portion volume, ranging from 20% to 80%. In some embodiments, the internal cavity volume may be a percentage of the rear portion volume, ranging from 20% to 30%, 30% to 40%, 40% to 50%, 50% to 60%, 60% to 70%, or 70% to 80%. In some embodiments, the internal cavity volume may be 66% or 71% of the rear portion volume.

[0203] The outer shell 560 may have a thickness measured between the outer surface 524 and the inner surface 522 of the club head 500. The thickness of the outer shell 560 may be uniform or variable. The thickness of the outer shell can be from 0.010 inches to 0.050 inches. In some embodiments, the outer shell thickness may be from 0.010 inches to 0.020 inches, from 0.020 inches to 0.030 inches, from 0.030 inches to 0.040 inches, or from 0.040 inches to 0.050 inches. A thinner outer shell results in a lighter outer shell, particularly the crown. Weight not placed in the crown can be distributed around the club head 500 to increase the MOI of the club head 500. In some embodiments, a portion of the crown can be removed to expose the lattice structure, further removing mass from the crown (562, 564, and 566).

[0204] The sole 510 of the golf club head 500 may have a sole thickness that can be between 0.030 inches and 0.080 inches. In some embodiments, the sole thickness may be in the range of 0.030 inches to 0.040 inches, 0.040 inches to 0.050 inches, 0.050 inches to 0.060 inches, 0.060 inches to 0.070 inches, or 0.070 inches to 0.080 inches. In some grid-like embodiments, the sole thickness may be about 0.040 inches or less, about 0.050 inches or less, or about 0.060 inches or less.

[0205] The lattice structure 530 supports the outer shell 560, allowing the outer shell 560 to be thinner than in embodiments without the lattice structure 530. The lattice structure 530 also provides support to the sole 510, allowing the sole 510 to be thinner than in embodiments without the lattice structure 530. Both the thin outer shell and thin sole are made possible by the supporting lattice structure 530, which can release any mass. Any mass can be moved around the club head for improved MOI, improved POI, and / or incorporated into the lattice structure to control the CG position.

[0206] In some embodiments, the lattice structure 530 can be exposed and made visible on the outer surface 522 of the golf club head 500. The lattice structure 530 can be exposed on the crown 562, 564, 566, on the sole 510, or on the skirt 568. For example, the lattice structure 530 can be exposed over certain sections of the toe-crown portion 564 and / or heel-crown portion 566. Alternatively, the lattice 530 can be exposed over the entire toe-crown portion 564 and the entire heel-crown portion 566. By exposing the lattice structure 530, any additional weight can be eliminated by removing portions of the outer surface 522. In addition, exposing the lattice structure 530 can improve the aesthetics of the club head 500 and make the technology visible to the player. In some embodiments, the lattice structure 530 can appear differently in different areas of the outer surface 522 due to the various shapes or density profiles of the lattice structure 530.

[0207] In some putter embodiments, such as mallet and mid-mallet putters, the Ixx value is 400g·in 2 From 460g·in 2 It can be between 590g·in 2 From 670g·in 2 It can be between 230g·in 2 From 270g·in 2 It can be between. In some putter embodiments, the Ixx value is 450g·in 2 From 460g·in 2 It can be between 645g·in 2 From 670g·in 2 It can be set between 240g·in. The Izz value is 240g·in 2 From 265g·in 2 It can be set between these two points.

[0208] In some embodiments of mallet and mid-mallet lattice putters, the CG can be positioned at -0.020 inches to -0.035 inches along the X' axis, -0.800 inches to -1.000 inches along the Y' axis, and 0.850 inches to 0.900 inches along the Z' axis. Referring to Figure 35, in some embodiments, by including a lattice structure 530 in the golf club head 500, the CG can be moved forward, backward, towards the toe end, and / or towards the heel end. As shown in Figure 35, by including a lattice unit, the CG can be shifted forward from a baseline CG position (CG') to a CG position including the lattice. The baseline CG position (CG') is the CG position of a comparative golf club head without a hollow internal cavity and lattice structure. The comparative club head may have a similar size and style to the club head 500 described herein. In some embodiments of the comparative club head, the CG can be positioned at -0.010 inches to -0.020 inches along the X' axis, -1.000 inches to -1.400 inches along the Y' axis, and 0.900 inches to 1.000 inches along the Z' axis.

[0209] In some embodiments, the CG can be shifted forward by a CG shift distance of 0 to 1.6 inches by including an internal cavity 520 and a grid structure 530 in the golf club head 500. The distance is measured in the Z' axis direction between the baseline CG position (CG') and the CG position including the grid. In some embodiments, the CG shift distance can be 0 to 0.2 inches, 0.2 to 0.4 inches, 0.4 to 0.6 inches, 0.6 to 0.8 inches, 0.8 to 1.0 inches, 1.0 to 1.2 inches, 1.2 to 1.4 inches, or 1.4 to 1.6 inches.

[0210] First putter embodiment Referring to Figures 33 to 38, in the first embodiment of the putter, the grid structure 530 extends from the central reference sphere 550 of the club head 500 to the skirt 568. The grid structure 530 is entirely internal and not visible from the outside of the club head 500. The density of the grid structure 530 increases toward the periphery (or outskirts) of the club head 500. The club head of the first embodiment of the putter may have a thick face 504. The thick face 504 may form the front portion 570 of the club head 500 and contribute to the forward CG position of the putter head 500.

[0211] Referring to Figures 33 to 38, the head of the first putter embodiment includes a lattice structure 530 that partially fills the internal cavity 520. The lattice structure 530 extends from the interface of the central reference sphere 554 of the club head 500 to the periphery (edge). The lattice structure 530 ends at the inner surface 524 of the club head (i.e., the surface that surrounds and defines the internal cavity 520) and the boundary wall 525 of the front portion 570 of the club head 500. The density profile of the lattice structure 530 increases linearly in the radial direction away from the central reference sphere 550 toward the skirt 568. The central reference sphere can be approximately centered at the baseline CG position (CG', i.e., the position of CG before the lattice is added), or the central reference sphere 550 can be centered in front of the baseline CG position (CG').

[0212] The lattice structure 530 has a density profile that increases from the central reference sphere interface 554 of the club head 500 to the periphery. As described above, the lattice structure 530 comprises a plurality of lattice units 534, each unit 534 having a unit scaffold 536. The unit scaffold 536 is formed from connected beams 537 (or scaffold rods). In the embodiment shown in Figure 38, each unit scaffold 536 of the plurality of lattice units 534 may have a geometric structure having a shape known as fluorite.

[0213] In the embodiment shown in Figure 38, the beam thickness (or beam diameter) of the lattice unit 534 increases linearly from the central reference sphere interface 554 to the inner surface 524 surrounding the internal cavity 520. The minimum beam thickness is approximately 0 inches. The maximum beam thickness is approximately 0.078 inches (2 mm). A lattice unit 534 with a scaffold beam 537 approaching the minimum beam thickness value is adjacent to the central reference sphere 550. A lattice unit 534 with a scaffold beam 537 approaching the maximum beam thickness value is adjacent to and / or connected to the skirt 568 around the club head 500. The density profile of the lattice structure 530 contributes to the increase in the MOI value of the club head 500.

[0214] In the embodiment shown in Figure 38, the outer shell 560 can have a nearly uniform thickness. In some embodiments, the outer shell thickness can be about 0.020 inches and the sole thickness can be about 0.040 inches. Including the lattice structure 530 within a portion of the internal cavity 520 can help reinforce and connect the crown 562, 564, and 566, as well as the sole 510, thereby increasing durability without adding mass.

[0215] Second putter embodiment Referring to Figure 39, in the second putter embodiment 600, the grid-like region can have a uniform effective density, and the grid structure 630 can occupy the entire internal cavity 620. Similar to the first putter embodiment 500, the grid structure 630 is completely internal and not visible from the outside of the club head 600. The club head 600 of the second putter embodiment may have a thick face 604. The thick face 604 can form the front portion 670 of the club head 600 and contribute to the forward CG position of the putter.

[0216] Referring to Figure 39, the club head 600 of the second putter embodiment includes a lattice structure 630 that completely fills the internal cavity 620. The lattice structure 630 extends uniformly throughout the entire internal cavity 620. The lattice structure 630 comprises a plurality of lattice units 634. Each lattice unit 634 includes a unit base 636, and the remainder of the lattice unit 634 is empty space.

[0217] Each unit scaffold 636 of a plurality of grid units 634 may comprise beams 637 (or scaffold rods) that interconnect to form a shape known as fluorite. The beams 637 have a beam thickness. The beam thickness of the grid units 634 is uniform throughout the plurality of grid units 634. In some embodiments, the beam thickness is approximately 0.043 inches (1.1 mm).

[0218] The outer shell crown thickness of the second putter embodiment 600 can be the same as that of the first putter embodiment 500. The club head 600 of the second putter embodiment may have a sole thickness of approximately 0.060 inches (thicker than that of the first putter embodiment). The beam thickness, outer shell thickness, and sole thickness all affect the durability of the club head 600. Including a lattice structure 630 within a portion of the internal cavity 620 can help reinforce and connect the crown and sole, increasing durability without adding mass. In other words, since the lattice structure 630 supports the crown and sole, one or both of the crown and sole can be thinner.

[0219] Advantages of putting The grid structures 530 and 630 described herein enable forward CG positioning in the putter heads 500 and 600. The grid structures 530 and 630 can be replaced with solid mass grid structures 530 and 630 or grid structures with a lower effective density. The grid structures 530 and 630 can further support the outer shells 560 and 660, and thus maintain durability regardless of mass repositioning.

[0220] A CG (Correction Factor) closer to the impact face (lower CGz value) reduces the horizontal launch angle in off-center face impacts. The horizontal launch angle is measured from the desired centerline putting path. In other words, the horizontal launch angle quantifies the angle at which the initial path the golf ball leaves the impact face is to the left or right of the hole. Putts with a horizontal launch angle closer to zero will have less offline travel (i.e., a straighter roll) than putts with a horizontal launch angle further from zero. Therefore, the closer the horizontal launch angle is to zero, the more likely the putt is to reach the hole.

[0221] The gearing effect that occurs when a golf ball strikes the clubface affects the horizontal launch angle. In a putter with a forward CG, the moment arm between the putter's CG and the golf ball's CG is shorter than the corresponding moment arm in a putter with a rearward CG. A shorter moment arm reduces the gearing (or rotation) of the clubhead at impact, thus reducing the twist of the striking face and resulting in a smaller horizontal launch angle. Bringing the horizontal launch angle closer to zero also reduces the sidespin imparted to the golf ball at impact, thus further reducing the golf ball's offline movement during putting.

[0222] Blade-type putter heads have a CG (camera angle) closer to the face due to the narrower width of the geometric shape of the club head design. Therefore, essentially, blade-type putters achieve a horizontal launch angle closer to zero than conventional mallet-type putters. Putters with the lattice structure described herein exhibit nearly blade-like performance (i.e., blade-like launch) while maintaining the look and feel of a mallet-type putter.

[0223] Both the CG depth (-CGz) and the Iyy value can affect the horizontal launch angle. In the graph in Figure 43, the -CGz value is graphed against the Iyy value. Negative CGz values ​​are graphed because they correspond to the backward depth of the CG from the origin O.

[0224] The contour line represents a consistent change in the horizontal launch angle for each horizontal impact position. Horizontal launch performance is the same along the contour line. As CG is moved backward (more negative CGz, upward on the graph), Iyy must be increased to achieve the same horizontal launch performance. For example, approximately 700 g·in 2 To offset the horizontal launch performance of a putter with an Iyy value by moving the CG 1 / 2 inch backward, move the Iyy approximately 1000g·in 2 It will likely need to be increased.

[0225] In the graph of Figure 43, the lower the contour line, the more beneficial the area between them is for horizontal launching than the higher contour lines and areas. In other words, lower contour lines represent smaller horizontal launching angles per horizontal impact position. Contour lines can have slopes ranging from 0.0008 to 0.0035. In some embodiments, contour lines can have slopes ranging from 0.0008 to 0.001, 0.001 to 0.002, 0.002 to 0.003, 0.001 to 0.0015, 0.0015 to 0.002, 0.002 to 0.0025, 0.0025 to 0.003, or in the range of 0.003 to 0.0035.

[0226] Referring to the graph in Figure 43, some embodiments of the pattern described herein can fall within the performance region below the contour line 1500a defined by the following equation.

number

number

number

[0227] Manufacturing method A club head with a lattice structure can be formed through any suitable manufacturing process that forms the metal body. A club head with a lattice structure can be formed from metal using casting, die casting, co-die casting, additive manufacturing, or metallic 3D printing. [Examples]

[0228] Example 1 The POI values ​​Ixy and Ixz were compared between the first exemplary club head 100, the second exemplary club head 200, the third exemplary club head 300, and a control club head. The first exemplary club head 100 was similar to the iron-type club head 100 described above. The first exemplary club head had an internal cavity with a grid region having multiple grid units of varying density. The density of the multiple grid units in the first exemplary club head increased from the sole to the top rail near the toe end of the club head and decreased from the sole to the top rail near the heel end of the club head. Thus, the first exemplary club head had the highest grid unit density in the high toe region and low heel region, and the lowest grid unit density in the low toe region and high heel region.

[0229] A second exemplary club head 200 was similar to the iron-type club head 200 described above. The second exemplary club head had an internal cavity having a grid region with multiple grid units of varying density. The density of the multiple grid units in the second exemplary club head increased from the striking face to the rear in the high heel and low heel quadrants, and decreased from the striking face to the rear in the high toe and low toe quadrants.

[0230] A third exemplary club head 300 was similar to the iron-type club head 300 described above. The third exemplary club head had an internal cavity having a lattice region with multiple lattice units of varying density. The density of the multiple lattice units in the third exemplary club head was greatest in a horizontal reference cylinder extending along the X-axis. The third exemplary club head further had a first internal mass located in the high tow quadrant and a second internal mass located in the low tow quadrant.

[0231] The control club head was similar in structure to the first, second, and third exemplary club heads. The control club head had a body that formed a hollow internal cavity. The control head did not have any grid regions within the hollow cavity or any other part of the club head.

[0232] Table 1 below shows a comparison of the product of inertia between the control club and the first, second, and third exemplary club heads. Table 1 also shows the target values ​​for both Ixy and Ixz, which represent the POI value where, given the desired delivery characteristics, the sidespin produced by mis-hits that strike above or below the center is negligible. For comparison, all measured club heads were 7-irons. [Table 1]

[0233] As shown in the table above, the grid area of ​​exemplary club 1 is 44.31 g·in compared to the control club. 2 This produced an increase in the product of inertia Ixy. The product of inertia Ixy of example club 1 was 38.9% closer to the target value of the "optimized" product of inertia Ixy than that of the control club. Example club 1 also had 0.93 g·in 2 This also resulted in a slight increase in the product of inertia Ixz. The product of inertia Ixz of the example club 1 was 1.9% closer to the target value of the "optimized" product of inertia Ixz than that of the control club.

[0234] As further shown in the table above, the grid area of ​​the example club 2 is 20.89 g·in greater than that of the control club. 2 This produced an increase in the product of inertia Ixy. The product of inertia Ixy of example club 2 was 18.3% closer to the target value of the "optimized" product of inertia Ixy than that of the control club. The lattice region of example club 2 was also 19.58 g·in higher than that of the control club. 2 This resulted in an increase in the product of inertia Ixz. The product of inertia Ixz of the example club 2 was 40.6% closer to the target value of the "optimized" product of inertia Ixz than that of the control club.

[0235] As further shown in the table above, the grid area of ​​the example club 3 is 5.33 g·in greater than that of the control club. 2 This produced a slight increase in the product of inertia Ixy. The product of inertia Ixy of the exemplary club 3 was 4.7% close to the target value of the "optimized" product of inertia Ixy. The lattice region of the exemplary club 3 also had 7.38 g·in 2 This produced a slight increase in the product of inertia Ixz. The product of inertia Ixz for the example club 3 was 15.3% close to the target value for the "optimized" product of inertia Ixz.

[0236] The increase in the product of inertia (both Ixy and Ixz) from the control club to the first, second, and third exemplary clubs resulted in a change in the amount of sidespin generated by each club on high and low mishits. For each club head, sidespin was compared for shots struck at different positions in the top rail-sole direction. For each club, sidespin was measured in 0.1-inch increments for shots struck between 0.7 inches above and below the center. Table 2 below shows the results of the comparison of sidespin magnitudes across various club heads. The average sidespin values ​​for each club are shown for high mishits (impact position 0.1 inches to 0.7 inches), low mishits (impact position -0.1 inches to -0.7 inches), and the entire range of impact positions. [Table 2]

[0237] On average, the exemplary club head 100 showed a sidespin reduction of 84.1 RPM across the entire range of impact positions (a 27.3% reduction in sidespin compared to the control club). Furthermore, exemplary club head 1 showed a reduction of 119.7 RPM on low mis-hits (i.e., shots that were mis-hit and struck between the center of the face and the sole). This is a 38.9% reduction in sidespin compared to the average sidespin on low mis-hits with the control club. Exemplary club head 1 also showed an increase of 15.1 RPM on high mis-hits (a 9.2% increase in sidespin compared to the control club head). However, the increase in sidespin on high mis-hits does not detract from the club head performance. When hitting the ball with an iron-type club head, players far more often mis-hit the face than high mis-hits. Moreover, the overall magnitude of sidespin is significantly greater on low mis-hits than on high mis-hits. The significant reduction in sidespin on low mis-hits in the case of example club head 1 is worth the trade-off for the smaller increase in sidespin on high mis-hits.

[0238] On average, the exemplary club head 200 showed a sidespin reduction of 87.0 RPM across the entire range of impact positions (a 28.2% reduction in sidespin compared to the control club). Furthermore, the exemplary club head 2 showed a sidespin reduction of 55.7 RPM on high mis-hits (a 33.8% reduction in sidespin compared to the control club) and a sidespin reduction of 119.5 RPM on low mis-hits (a 24.7% reduction) compared to the control club head.

[0239] On average, the exemplary club head 3 showed a 35.9 RPM increase in sidespin across the entire range of impact positions (an 11.6% increase in sidespin compared to the control club). Furthermore, the exemplary club head 300 showed a 17.2 RPM reduction in sidespin on high mis-hits (a 10.4% decrease compared to the control club) and an 86.9 RPM increase in sidespin on low mis-hits (a 17.9% increase compared to the control club). While the exemplary club head 300 showed only slight increases in the inertia products Ixy and Ixz, the overall increase in sidespin demonstrates that the lattice structure must be strategically placed in the club head area to provide performance benefits.

[0240] The reduction in sidespin observed in the first exemplary club head 100 and the second exemplary club head 200 would generally result in mis-hits that travel further and straighter. In the case of the first exemplary club head 100, where Ixy increased but Ixz remained similar compared to the control club, the increase in Ixy affected the ball, causing a draw, in both high and low mis-hits. Without the increase in Ixz that would result in a fade, high mis-hits in the exemplary club head 100 had a spin that faded more than the control club. However, as mentioned above, the fact that low mis-hits are far more common than high mis-hits in iron-type club heads makes the exemplary club head 100 still preferable to the control club.

[0241] The second exemplary clubhead 200 featured improvements in both Ixy and Ixz compared to the control club. The improved Ixy and Ixz combination resulted in reduced spin on both high and low mishits. The combination of the improved draw effect on Ixy and the improved fade effect on Ixz resulted in reduced sidespin at any point of impact.

[0242] These reduced sidespin values ​​for the first and second exemplary club heads 100 and 200 are a direct result of the improved mass properties of the exemplary club heads (specifically, an increased product of inertia that more closely matches a given target value), achieved by including various grid regions. Undesirable sidespin can be further reduced by increasing the product of inertia of the club heads through other grid configurations.

[0243] The exemplary club head 300 showed a slight increase for both Ixy and Ixz, but the average sidespin increased compared to the control club. As mentioned above, the intention of the exemplary club head 300 was to increase Ixy and Ixz while providing a toe-biased CG position as in other embodiments. However, the repositioning of the CG had a negative impact on sidespin. The sidespin results for the exemplary club head 300 demonstrate the difficulty in balancing the POI with other desirable design parameters.

[0244] Example 2 The mallet and blade putters were compared to four examples (i.e., variations) of the first putter embodiment described above to determine the MOI value, CG position, and simulated horizontal launch angle. The mallet putter was a stock putter without a hollow internal cavity or lattice structure. The mallet putter was approximately the same size and shape as the four exemplary putters described later. The mallet putter and the four exemplary putters were all mallet-type putters. The mallet putter was also compared to the blade putter.

[0245] When comparing properties related to the weight distribution within golf club heads, it is desirable to maintain a similar total mass across the club heads being compared. As shown in Table III below, the mallet club heads examined had nearly equivalent masses. The blade comparison has less mass due to its size.

[0246] The first example putter was the embodiment of the first putter described above and shown in Figures 33 to 38. The central reference sphere was centered on the baseline CG position in the first example putter. The unit scaffold had a fluorite beam structure. The density of the lattice structure increased linearly toward the skirt or periphery of the putter.

[0247] The second example putter, not shown in the illustration, was an embodiment of the first putter described above. The second example putter was identical to the first example putter, except that the central reference sphere was centered at a point in front of the baseline CG position. This position of the central reference sphere shifted the CG backward, as shown in Table III below. The unit scaffold had a fluorite beam structure. The density of the lattice structure increased linearly toward the skirt or periphery of the putter.

[0248] The third example putter, not shown in the illustration, was an embodiment of the first putter described above. The third example putter was identical to the first example putter, except that the unit scaffolding in the third example putter had a concave polygonal beam structure. The density of the grid structure increased linearly toward the skirt of the putter.

[0249] The fourth example putter, not shown in the illustration, was an embodiment of the first putter described above. The fourth example putter was identical to the first example putter, except that the unit scaffolding in the fourth example putter had a diamond-shaped beam structure. The density of the grid structure increased linearly toward the skirt of the putter.

[0250] Compared to a mallet-type putter, all four exemplary putters exhibited a higher MOI and a CG position closer to the striking face. Referring to Table III, the Ixx value, which is the MOI in the x-axis direction (heel-toe), was greater for the first, second, third, and fourth putter heads than for the mallet-type putter head. A larger Ixx value indicates greater forgiveness when the golf ball impacts the face off-center. In some embodiments, increased forgiveness may result in a decrease in the golf ball's offline carry during putting.

[0251] Referring to Table III, the MOI (Iyy) in the y-axis direction (sole-crown) was greater for the putter heads in the first, second, third, and fourth examples than for the control putter head. A larger Iyy value indicates greater forgiveness when the golf ball impacts the putter face above or below the modified impact point, which is generally the geometric center point of the putter face.

[0252] Referring to Table III, the Izz, which is the MOI in the z-axis direction (front-to-back), was greater for the first, second, third, and fourth putter heads than for the control putter head. A larger Izz value results from concentrating more weight at the foremost and rearmost ends of the putter head. The internal cavities with a lattice structure in the first, second, third, and fourth example putter heads increased the Izz compared to the control putter head by removing mass from the center of the club head and redistributing it toward the periphery. A larger Izz can be beneficial to players of certain putting stroke types.

[0253] Referring to Table III, the CG of the first, second, third, and fourth example putter heads was closer to the striking face than to the rear, compared to the CG position of the mallet-type putter head. [Table 3]

[0254] Using an industrial model, the CG position was correlated with the horizontal launch angle. As mentioned above, bringing the CG closer to the impact face (lower CGz value) reduced the horizontal launch angle at off-center impacts, which in turn reduced the sidespin imparted to the golf ball.

[0255] Figure 41 graphs the horizontal launch angle given to the golf ball relative to the horizontal impact position on the striking face for the compared putter heads. Minimizing the horizontal launch angle is desirable to reduce the offline displacement of the putt. The blade-compared putter head performed better than the other club heads in terms of horizontal launch angle because the CG position of the blade-compared putter head is further forward. Among the mallet-type putters, the club heads of the first, second, third, and fourth examples performed better than the mallet-compared putter heads.

[0256] As shown in Figure 41, the first, second, third, and fourth example putters achieved a horizontal launch angle closer to zero than the mallet, particularly at off-center impacts. For example, the first, second, third, and fourth example putters achieved a horizontal launch angle of approximately 0.5 degrees for an impact position of -0.5 inches, while the mallet showed a horizontal launch angle of approximately 0.75 degrees for the same impact position. Regarding simulated sidespin values, the blade performed better than the example club heads (i.e., generated less sidespin on off-center shots), while the example club heads performed better than the mallet.

[0257] The performance differences between the example club heads were minimal, demonstrating that various grid types can be used to achieve the desired launch angle characteristics. The first, second, third, and fourth example club heads achieved useful horizontal launch angle values ​​close to those of a blade putter while maintaining the look and feel of a mallet putter.

[0258] Example 3 The MOI value, CG position, and simulated horizontal launch angle were determined by comparing the mallet-type putter and the blade-type putter with the embodiments of the first and second putter embodiments described above. The mallet-type putter was the same as the mallet-type putter described above in Embodiment 2. The blade-type putter was the same as the putter-type putter in Embodiment 2. The first exemplary putter was the same as the first exemplary putter described above in Embodiment 2. The second exemplary putter was the same as the second embodiment of the putter described above.

[0259] The second example putter had a lattice structure of uniform density. The lattice structure filled the internal cavity of the putter. The second example putter had a solid face, a 1 mm thick crown, and a 1.5 mm thick sole. When comparing properties related to weight distribution within golf club heads, it is desirable to maintain a similar total mass across the club heads being compared. As shown in Table IV below, the mallet club heads examined had approximately equivalent masses.

[0260] Referring to Table IV, the MOI (Ixx, Iyy, and Izz) of the first and second example putter heads were greater than the respective MOIs of the mallet-type putter heads. The first example putter head has a grid with varying density that increases towards the periphery, and therefore has a slightly larger MOI than the second example putter head, which has a uniform grid density. The CG of the first and second example putter heads was closer to the striking face than to the rear compared to the CG position of the mallet-type putter head. [Table 4]

[0261] An industrial model was used to correlate the CG position with the horizontal launch angle. As shown in the graph in Figure 42, the horizontal launch angle was closer to zero for the first and second example club heads than for the mallet control. The blade control showed a horizontal launch angle value closer to zero than all three mallet-type putter heads. The performance differences between the example club heads were minimal, indicating that various grid density profiles can be used to achieve the desired launch angle characteristics. The first and second example club heads achieved useful horizontal launch angle values ​​close to those of a blade-type putter while maintaining the look and feel of a mallet-type putter.

[0262] Example 4 Simulation studies were conducted to evaluate the horizontal launch angle performance of the first mallet control, second mallet control, third mallet control, blade control, and exemplary putter heads. The first mallet control was similar to the first mallet control in Examples 2 and 3 described above ("Oslo" putter). The second mallet control had heel and toe weights that resulted in a higher Iyy value than the first mallet control ("Ketch" putter). The third mallet control was a multi-material (aluminum and steel) club head with extremely weighted heel and toe ("Tomcat 14" putter). The third mallet control showed a higher Iyy value than both the first and second exemplary mallets. The blade control was similar to the blade control in Examples 2 and 3 described above ("Anser" putter).

[0263] In the graph of Figure 43, the blade control showed the best horizontal launch angle, as a lower contour line represents a smaller horizontal launch angle with respect to a consistent position on the impact face. More specifically, the blade control falls within the lower region of the graph (i.e., good performance) due to its forward CG position. The blade control, by its shape, is able to achieve an extremely forward CG compared to the mallet control. The first, second, and third mallet controls showed the worst horizontal launch angle for each horizontal impact position. These three mallet controls fall within the upper region of the graph (i.e., poor performance) due to their rearward CG position. The high Iyy value of the third mallet control slightly improved its performance, placing it in a lower region than the first and second mallet controls (i.e., slightly better performance). However, the third mallet control was 200g·in lower than the second mallet control. 2 Although it had an extremely high Iyy, the third mallet contrast was unable to achieve the same level of horizontal launch performance as the example putter head.

[0264] The example club head had a CG position between that of a blade and a mallet. Therefore, the example club head exhibited a horizontal launch angle per horizontal impact position that was better than that of a mallet and slightly worse than that of a blade. The example club head performed partially like a blade putter while maintaining the look and feel of a mallet putter.

[0265] Because the rules of golf are subject to change from time to time (for example, new rules may be applied or old rules may be excluded or modified by the Golf Standardization Body and / or governing body), the golf equipment relating to the methods, apparatus, and / or products described herein may or may not conform to the rules of golf at any particular time. Accordingly, the golf equipment relating to the methods, apparatus, and / or products described herein may be advertised, marketed, and / or sold as golf equipment that conforms or does not conform to the rules. The methods, apparatus, and / or products described herein are not limited in this respect.

[0266] Although a specific order of actions has been described above, these actions may be performed in other time sequences. For example, two or more of the actions described above may be performed sequentially, in parallel, or simultaneously. Alternatively, two or more actions may be performed in reverse order. Furthermore, one or more of the actions described above may not be performed at all. The apparatus, methods, and products described herein are not limited in this respect.

[0267] While the present invention has been described in relation to various embodiments, it will be understood that the present invention is subject to further modifications. This application seeks to encompass any modifications, uses, or adaptations of the present invention that generally follow the principles of the present invention and include such deviations from the disclosure as being within the scope of practice known in the art to which the invention pertains.

Claims

1. It is a golf club head, The face and, The rear and, The tip of the stem, The heel end opposite to the toe end, Top rail and, The sole on the opposite side of the aforementioned top rail, Hosel and, A grid-like region comprising multiple grid units, each grid unit having a unit scaffold surrounded by open spaces, The aforementioned golf club head comprises a head volume, a head mass, and a center of gravity. The aforementioned lattice region comprises a total lattice volume and a lattice mass, The total grid volume is bounded by a surface defined by the multiple outermost points of the multiple grid units, The face, the rear, the top rail, and the sole surround the internal cavity. The aforementioned lattice-like region occupies a range of 20% to 100% of the volume of the internal cavity. The y-axis passes through the center of gravity and extends from the top rail to the sole, The x-axis extends from the heel end to the toe end through the center of gravity, and the x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis. The z-axis extends from the face to the rear through the center of gravity, and the z-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and the x-axis. The golf club head comprises a plurality of quadrants including a high toe quadrant, a low toe quadrant, a high heel quadrant, and a low heel quadrant, and the plurality of quadrants are divided by the x axis and the y axis. The effective density of the lattice region is equal to the lattice mass divided by the total lattice volume. The effective density of the grid-like region is 0 g / mm³ ３ From 0.0075 g / mm ３ It changes between, The effective density of the grid-like region is higher in the high toe quadrant and the low heel quadrant than in the low toe quadrant and the high heel quadrant. The effective density of the grid-like region is higher in the rear toe region and front heel region of the golf club head than in the front toe region and rear heel region. The golf club head has a moment of inertia Iyy from the top rail to the sole, a moment of inertia Ixx from the heel to the toe, a moment of inertia Izz from the face to the rear, a product of inertia Ixy around the x and y axes, and a product of inertia Ixx around the x and z axes. The aforementioned product of inertia Ixy changes from -65 g·cm² (-10 g·in²) to -258 g·cm² (-40 g·in²). ２ ) is within the range, A golf club head in which the product of inertia Ixz is in the range of -65 g·cm² (-10 g·in²) to -258 g·cm² (-40 g·in²).

2. The lattice region in at least a portion of the high toe quadrant and the low heel quadrant is 0.006 g / mm ３ From 0.0075 g / mm ３ The golf club head according to claim 1, having an effective density.

3. The lattice region in at least a portion of the low toe quadrant and the high heel quadrant is 0.0001 g / mm ３ From approximately 0.00075 g / mm ３ The golf club head according to claim 1, having an effective density.

4. The grid-like region in at least a portion of the low toe quadrant and the high heel quadrant is 0.0005 g / mm ３ The golf club head according to claim 3, having an effective density of less than .

5. The aforementioned product of inertia Ixy is in the range of -129 g·cm² (-20 g·in²) to -194 g·cm² (-30 g·in²), The golf club head according to claim 1, wherein the product of inertia Ixz is in the range of -161 g·cm² (-25 g·in²) to -194 g·cm² (-30 g·in²).

6. A golf club head according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein each of the plurality of grid units comprises a unit scaffold structure selected from the group consisting of a simple cube, body-centered cube, face-centered cube, cylinder, multiple cylinders, diamond, fluorite, octet, truncated cube, truncated octahedron, Kelvin cell, isotruss, concave polygon, Weir-Phelan, triangular honeycomb, revolutionary triangular honeycomb, hexagonal honeycomb, concave polygon honeycomb, revolutionary square honeycomb, square honeycomb, face-centered cubic foam, body-centered cubic foam, simple cubic foam, hexagonal prism diamond, hexagonal prism edge, hexagonal prism vertex centroid, hexagonal prism central axis edge, hexagonal prism Raves phase, trioctahedral vertex centroid, and octahedral vertex centroid.

7. The aforementioned grid-like region comprises 10 to 50 grid units, The golf club head according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein each of the plurality of grid units has a cubic shape with sides ranging from 5 mm to 30 mm.

8. The golf club head according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the unit scaffold of each of the plurality of grid units is connected to the unit scaffold of an adjacent grid unit.

9. The unit scaffold of each grid unit is equipped with a beam, The golf club head according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the beam has a thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 5 mm.

10. The golf club head according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the golf club head is integrally formed from a material selected from the group consisting of titanium alloy, steel alloy, aluminum alloy, and amorphous metal alloy.

11. It is a golf club head, The face and, The rear and, The tip of the stem, The heel end opposite to the toe end, Top rail and, The sole on the opposite side of the aforementioned top rail, Hosel and, A grid-like region and, The aforementioned golf club head comprises a head volume, a head mass, and a center of gravity. The face, the rear, the top rail, and the sole surround the internal cavity. The aforementioned lattice region comprises a total lattice volume and a lattice mass, The total grid volume is bounded by a surface defined by multiple outermost points of multiple grid units. The aforementioned lattice-like region occupies a range of 20% to 100% of the volume of the internal cavity. The y-axis passes through the center of gravity and extends from the top rail to the sole, The x-axis extends from the heel end to the toe end through the center of gravity, and the x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis. The z-axis extends from the face to the rear through the center of gravity, and the z-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and the x-axis. The high heel region comprises the hosel, the heel end and a portion of the top rail, The aforementioned high heel region is positioned upward and toward the heel end from the center of gravity, The low heel area comprises the heel end and a portion of the sole, The low heel region is positioned downwards and toward the heel end from the center of gravity, The high tow region comprises the tow end and a portion of the top rail, The aforementioned high toe region is positioned upward and toward the toe end from the center of gravity, The low toe region comprises the toe end and a portion of the sole, The low toe region is positioned downwards and toward the toe end from the center of gravity, The aforementioned high heel region is equipped with a high heel thin-walled grid, The low tow region is equipped with a low tow thin-walled grid, The effective density of the lattice region is equal to the lattice mass divided by the total lattice volume. The effective density of the grid-like region is from 0 g / mm ３ to 0.0075 g / mm ３ and varies therebetween. The effective density of the grid-like region is higher in the high toe region and the low heel region than in the low toe region and the high heel region. The effective density of the grid-like region is higher in the rear toe region and front heel region of the golf club head than in the front toe region and rear heel region. The grid-like region comprises the plurality of grid units, and each grid unit is provided with a unit scaffold surrounded by an open space. The golf club head has a moment of inertia Iyy from the top rail to the sole, a moment of inertia Ixx from the heel to the toe, a moment of inertia Izz from the face to the rear, a product of inertia Ixy around the x and y axes, and a product of inertia Ixx around the x and z axes. The aforementioned product of inertia Ixy changes from -65 g·cm² (-10 g·in²) to -258 g·cm² (-40 g·in²). ２ ) is within the range, A golf club head in which the product of inertia Ixz is in the range of -65 g·cm² (-10 g·in²) to -258 g·cm² (-40 g·in²).

12. When viewed from the front along the z-axis, the low heel region is bounded by a line substantially defined by the circumference of the golf club head and the equation y = -(0.35 / x) based on a Cartesian coordinate system using the y-axis and the x-axis, Viewed from the front along the z-axis, the high toe region is bounded by a line substantially defined by the circumference of the golf club head and the equation y = -(0.35 / x) based on a Cartesian coordinate system using the y-axis and the x-axis. Viewed from the front along the z-axis, the high-heel region is bounded by a line substantially defined by the circumference of the golf club head and the equation y = (0.35 / x) based on a Cartesian coordinate system using the y-axis and the x-axis. The golf club head according to claim 11, wherein, viewed from the front along the z-axis, the low toe region is bounded by a line substantially defined by the circumference of the golf club head and the equation y = (0.35 / x) based on a Cartesian coordinate system using the y-axis and the x-axis, with x and y measured in inches.

13. The grid-like region in at least a portion of the high toe region and the low heel region is 0.006 g / mm ３ From 0.0075 g / mm ３ The golf club head according to claim 12, having an effective density.

14. The aforementioned product of inertia Ixy is in the range of -129 g·cm² (-20 g·in²) to -194 g·cm² (-30 g·in²), The golf club head according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the product of inertia Ixz is in the range of -161 g·cm² (-25 g·in²) to -194 g·cm² (-30 g·in²).

15. A golf club head according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein each of the plurality of grid units comprises a unit scaffold structure selected from the group consisting of a simple cube, body-centered cube, face-centered cube, cylinder, multiple cylinders, diamond, fluorite, octet, truncated cube, truncated octahedron, Kelvin cell, isotruss, concave polygon, Weir-Phelan, triangular honeycomb, revolutionary triangular honeycomb, hexagonal honeycomb, concave polygon honeycomb, revolutionary square honeycomb, square honeycomb, face-centered cubic foam, body-centered cubic foam, simple cubic foam, hexagonal prism diamond, hexagonal prism edge, hexagonal prism vertex centroid, hexagonal prism central axis edge, hexagonal prism Raves phase, trioctahedral vertex centroid, and octahedral vertex centroid.

16. The aforementioned grid-like region comprises 10 to 50 grid units, The golf club head according to any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein each of the plurality of grid units has a cubic shape with sides ranging from 5 mm to 30 mm.

17. The golf club head according to any one of claims 11 to 16, wherein the unit scaffold of each of the plurality of lattice units is connected to the unit scaffold of an adjacent lattice unit.

18. The unit scaffold of each grid unit is equipped with a beam, The golf club head according to any one of claims 11 to 17, wherein the beam has a thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 5 mm.

19. It is a golf club head, The face and, The rear and, The tip of the stem, The heel end opposite to the toe end, Top rail and, The sole on the opposite side of the aforementioned top rail, Hosel and, A grid-like region comprising multiple grid units, each grid unit having a unit scaffold surrounded by open spaces, The aforementioned golf club head comprises a total volume, a total mass, and a center of gravity. The face, the rear, the top rail, and the sole surround the internal cavity. The aforementioned grid-like region is arranged within the internal cavity, The aforementioned lattice-like region occupies a range of 20% to 100% of the volume of the internal cavity. The aforementioned lattice region comprises a lattice mass, a total lattice region volume, and a packing volume. The aforementioned filling volume is the volume occupied by the unit scaffolding of the plurality of grid units, The packing volume is 5% to 50% of the total lattice region volume. Each grid unit comprises a total unit volume, a packed unit volume, and an effective density. Across the plurality of grid units, the increase in the packing unit volume of each grid unit increases the effective density of the grid unit. The effective density of the plurality of grid units increases in the region from the center of gravity toward the toe end, from the sole of the golf club head toward the top rail, The effective density of the plurality of grid units decreases in the region from the center of gravity toward the heel end, from the sole of the golf club head toward the top rail. The effective density of the grid-like region is higher in the rear toe region and front heel region of the golf club head than in the front toe region and rear heel region. The y-axis passes through the center of gravity and extends from the top rail to the sole, The x-axis extends from the heel end to the toe end through the center of gravity, and the x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis. The z-axis extends from the face to the rear through the center of gravity, and the z-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and the x-axis. The golf club head has a moment of inertia Iyy from the top rail to the sole, a moment of inertia Ixx from the heel to the toe, a moment of inertia Izz from the face to the rear, a product of inertia Ixy around the x and y axes, and a product of inertia Ixx around the x and z axes. The aforementioned product of inertia Ixy changes from -65 g·cm² (-10 g·in²) to -258 g·cm² (-40 g·in²). ２ ) is within the range, A golf club head in which the product of inertia Ixz is in the range of -65 g·cm² (-10 g·in²) to -258 g·cm² (-40 g·in²).

20. The aforementioned product of inertia Ixy is in the range of -129 g·cm² (-20 g·in²) to -194 g·cm² (-30 g·in²), The golf club head according to claim 19, wherein the product of inertia Ixz is in the range of -161 g·cm² (-25 g·in²) to -194 g·cm² (-30 g·in²).

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