Method and apparatus for CSI reporting based on a port selection codebook

Abstract

To provide a method and a device based on a port selection codebook.SOLUTION: The present disclosure relates to a method for communication and a system which converge a fifth-generation (5G) communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate than a fourth-generation (4G) system by using the Internet of Things (IOT) technique. The present disclosure can be applied to intelligence-type services based on the 5G communication technique and the IoT-related technique including smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, connected cars, healthcare, digital educations, smart retails, maintenance, and safety services. The present disclosure relates to a method and a device for a channel state information (CSI) report based on the port selection codebook.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure relates in general to wireless communication systems, and more specifically to codebook-based CSI reporting. [Background technology]

[0002] Efforts are being made to develop improved 5G or pre-5G communication systems to meet the increasing demand for wireless data traffic since the commercialization of 4G communication systems. For this reason, 5G or pre-5G communication systems are referred to as “Beyond 4G Network” communication systems or “Post LTE” communication systems. To achieve a high data transmission rate, 5G communication systems are expected to be implemented in the ultra-high frequency (mmWave) band (e.g., the 60GHz band). To mitigate radio wave propagation loss and increase transmission distance, beamforming, massive MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output), FD-MIMO (Full Dimensional MIMO), array antennas, analog beamforming, and large-scale antenna technologies are being discussed for 5G communication systems. Furthermore, to improve the system's network, 5G communication systems are undergoing technological development, including advanced small cells, cloud radio access networks (cloud RAN), ultra-dense networks, D2D (device-to-device) communication, wireless backhaul, moving networks, cooperative communication, CoMP (Coordinated Multi-Points), and reception-end interference cancellation.5G systems have seen the development of advanced coding modulation (ACM) methods such as FQAM (Hybrid FSK and QAM Modulation) and SWSC (Sliding Window Superposition Coding), as well as advanced access technologies such as FBMC (Filter Bank Multi Carrier), NOMA (non-orthogonal multiple access), and SCMA (sparse code multiple access).

[0003] The internet is evolving from a human-centered network where humans generate and consume information to an IoT (Internet of Things) network where information is exchanged and processed between distributed components such as objects. IoE (Internet of Everything) technology, which combines IoT technology and big data processing technology through connections with cloud servers, is also emerging. Realizing IoT requires technological elements such as sensing technology, wired and wireless communication and network infrastructure, service interface technology, and security technology. In recent years, technologies such as sensor networks, M2M (Machine to Machine), and MTC (Machine Type Communication) for connecting things have been researched. In an IoT environment, intelligent IT (Internet Technology) services can be provided that collect and analyze data generated between connected objects to create new value in human life. IoT can be applied to fields such as smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, smart cars or connected cars, smart grids, healthcare, smart home appliances, and advanced medical services through convergence and integration with existing IT (information technology) technologies and various industries.

[0004] As a result, various attempts are being made to apply 5G communication systems to IoT networks. For example, 5G communication technologies such as sensor networks, MTC (Machine Type Communication), and M2M (Machine to Machine) can be realized through techniques such as beamforming, MIMO, and array antennas. The application of cloud RAN (cloud Radio Access Network) as a big data processing technology, as mentioned earlier, can also be considered an example of the convergence of 5G and IoT technologies.

[0005] Understanding and accurately estimating the channel between user equipment (UE) and base station (BS) (e.g., gNode B (gNB)) is crucial for efficient and effective wireless communication. To accurately estimate the DL channel state, the gNB can transmit a reference signal, such as CSI-RS, to the UE for DL ​​channel measurement, and the UE can report information regarding the channel measurement, such as CSI, to the gNB (e.g., provide feedback). Through such DL channel measurement, the gNB can select appropriate communication parameters to conduct efficient and effective wireless data communication with the UE. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0006] It is known from the literature that when the UL-DL duplexing distance is small, UL-DL channel reciprocity can exist in both the angular and delay domains. Since the delay in the time domain is transformed (or closely related) to the basis vector of the frequency domain (FD), the improved Type II port selection in Rel. 16 can be further extended in both the angular and delay domains (or SD and FD). In particular, the DFT-based SD basis and W1 f The DFT-based FD base can be replaced by SD and FD port selection, i.e., the LCSI-RS port is selected (or selected) by SD, and the M port is selected by FD. In this case, beamforming is applied to the CSI-RS port in SD (assuming UL-DL channel interoperability in the angle domain) and / or FD (assuming UL-DL channel interoperability in the delay / frequency domain), and the corresponding SD and / or FD beamforming information can be obtained gNB based on UL channels estimated using SRS measurements. This disclosure provides some design components of such a codebook. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] Embodiments of this disclosure provide a method and apparatus for enabling a wireless communication system to report channel state information (CSI) based on a codebook.

[0008] In one embodiment, a UE for CSI reporting is provided in a wireless communication system. The UE includes a transceiver configured to receive information regarding channel status information (CSI) reporting, which is two numbers N and M relative to the base vector. v This includes information about N≧M vIt is. The UE further includes a processor operably connected to the transceiver. The processor determines an index M based on this information init starting from the index M init +i, i = 0, 1,..., N - 1, where the N consecutive base vectors - the N consecutive base vectors belong to a set of N3 base vectors and N ≤ N3 - are identified; M v number of base vectors - N = M v when, M v number of base vectors = N consecutive base vectors, and when N > M v when, M v number of base vectors is selected from the N consecutive base vectors - to determine; M v CSI report based on the M number of base vectors - when N > M v when, the CSI report is set to determine an indicator that indicates information for the selected M v number of base vectors. The transceiver is further set to transmit a CSI report including an indicator that indicates information for the selected M v number of base vectors when N > M v

[0009] In another embodiment, a BS is provided in a wireless communication system. The BS includes a processor configured to generate information regarding a channel state information (CSI) report, the information including two numbers N and M for base vectors v and information for, where N ≥ M v is. The BS further includes a transceiver operably connected to the processor. The transceiver transmits information; is configured to receive a CSI report, and the CSI report is based on M v number of base vectors, and the N consecutive base vectors are identified by an index M init starting from the index M init +i, i = 0, 1,..., N - 1, and the N consecutive base vectors belong to a set of N3 base vectors, N ≤ N3, and when N = M v when, M vN base vectors = N continuous base vectors, where N > M v At that time, M v Each base vector is selected from N consecutive base vectors, and the CSI report is N > M v The M selected at that time v Includes indicators that show information for each base vector.

[0010] Another embodiment provides a method for operating the UE. This method involves receiving information regarding the channel status information (CSI) report, which is a number N and M relative to the base vector. v Includes information on N>M v The receiving stage; index M init Index M that starts at init The step of identifying N consecutive base vectors with i = 0, 1, ..., N-1 is such that the N consecutive base vectors belong to a set of N3 base vectors, and N ≤ N3; M v As a step in determining the individual base vectors, N=M v At that time, M v N base vectors = N continuous base vectors, where N > M v At that time, M v The number of base vectors is selected from N consecutive base vectors; this is the determination step; M v As a step in determining the CSI report based on individual base vectors, N>M v At that time, the CSI report selected N>M v A determination step including an indicator that shows information for each base vector; and N>M v The M selected at that time v The process includes sending a CSI report that includes an indicator showing information for each base vector.

[0011] Other technical features can be readily apparent to a person of the ordinary skill from the following drawings, description and claims. [Effects of the Invention]

[0012] Embodiments of this disclosure provide a method and apparatus for enabling codebook-based channel status information (CSI) reporting in a wireless communication system. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0013] For a more complete understanding of this disclosure and its merits, you may refer to the following description prepared in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In this description, the same drawing numbers refer to the same parts.

[0014] [Figure 1] This is a drawing illustrating an exemplary wireless network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] This is a drawing illustrating an exemplary gNB according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] This is a drawing illustrating an exemplary UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4a] This figure shows a high-level diagram of an orthogonal frequency division multiple access transmission path according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4b] This figure shows a high-level diagram of an orthogonal frequency division multiple access receiving path according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] This drawing shows a transmitter block diagram for a PDSCH in a subframe according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] This drawing shows a receiver block diagram for a PDSCH in a subframe according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] This drawing shows a transmitter block diagram for PUSCH in a subframe according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] This drawing shows a receiver block diagram for PUSCH in a subframe according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] This drawing shows an exemplary antenna block or array that forms a beam according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] This is a drawing showing the antenna port layout according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] This is a drawing showing a 3D grid of an oversampled DFT beam according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] This diagram shows an example of a port selection codebook that facilitates independent (separate) port selection for SD and FD, as well as joint port selection for SD and FD, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 13] This figure shows an exemplary non-periodic CSI trigger state subselection MAC CE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 14] This figure illustrates an exemplary SP (semi-persistent) CSI report for PUCCH-activated / inactivated MAC CE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 15] This drawing illustrates an exemplary window substrate intermediate base set according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 16] This diagram shows a flowchart illustrating how to operate the UE according to the embodiments of this disclosure. [Figure 17] This diagram shows a flowchart illustrating how to operate BS according to the embodiments of this disclosure. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0015] Before providing the following detailed explanation, it is necessary to define the specific words and phrases used throughout this patent specification. The term “couple” and its derivatives refer to any direct or indirect communication between two or more elements, whether or not they are in physical contact with each other. The terms “transmit,” “receive,” and “communicate,” as well as their derivatives, include both direct and indirect communication. “Include” and “comprise,” and their derivatives, mean to include without limitation. The term “or” is inclusive and means and / or. Beyond the term "associated therewith," this derived word also means "include," "be included within," "interconnect with," "contain," "be contained within," "connect to or with," "couple to or with," "be communicable with," "cooperate with," "interleave," "juxtapose," "be proximate to," "be bound to or with," "have," "have a property of," and "have a relationship to or with." The term “controller” means any device, system, or part thereof that controls at least one operation, and such device may be embodied in hardware, firmware, or software, or a combination of at least two of these. The functions relating to any particular controller may be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely.The phrase "at least one of" means that, when used with a list of items, one or more different combinations of the listed items are used, and only one item is required in the list. For example, "at least one of A, B, and C" includes any one of the following combinations: A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, and A, B, and C.

[0016] Furthermore, the various functions described below can be embodied or supported by one or more computer programs, each computer program being formed from computer-readable program code and implemented on computer-readable medium. The terms “application” and “program” refer to one or more computer programs, software components, sets of instructions, procedures, functions, objects, classes, instances, associated data, or parts thereof, adapted for implementation in appropriate computer-readable program code. The term “computer-readable program code” includes any type of computer code, including source code, object code, and executable code. The term “computer-readable medium” includes any type of medium that can be accessed by a computer, such as ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), hard disk drives, CDs (Compact Discs), digital video discs (DVDs), or other types of memory. A “non-transitory” computer-readable medium excludes wired, wireless, optical, or other communication links that transmit transient electrical or other signals. Non-transitory computer-readable mediums include media on which data is stored permanently, and media on which data is stored and later overwritten, such as re-recordable optical discs or erasable memory devices.

[0017] Definitions of specific words and phrases are provided throughout this patent document. A person of ordinary skill should understand that such definitions apply to the prior and future use of such defined words and phrases in many, if not most, cases.

[0018] Figures 1 through 17 discussed below, and the various embodiments used in this patent document to illustrate the principles of the disclosure, are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the disclosure. A person of ordinary skill will understand that the principles of the disclosure can be embodied in any system or apparatus that is appropriately configured.

[0019] The following documents and standard descriptions are incorporated by reference to this disclosure as fully described herein: 3GPP TS 36.211v16.6.0, “E-UTRA, Physical channels and modulation” (here “REF 1”); 3GPP TS 36.212 v16.6.0, “E-UTRA, Multiplexing and Channel coding” (here “REF 2”); 3GPP TS 36.213 v16.6.0, “E-UTRA, Physical Layer Procedures” (here “REF 3”); 3GPP TS 36.321v16.6.0, “E-UTRA, Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification” (here “REF 4”); 3GPP TS 36.331v16.6.0, “E-UTRA, Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol specification” (here “REF 5”); 3GPP TR 22.891v14.2.0 ("REF 6"); 3GPP TS 38.212 v16.6.0, "E-UTRA, NR, Multiplexing and channel coding" ("REF 7"); and 3GPP TS 38.214 v16.6.0, "E-UTRA, NR, Physical layer procedures for data" ("REF 8").

[0020] The modes, features, and advantages of this disclosure are evident from the following detailed description by simply illustrating numerous specific embodiments and manifestations, including the best modes considered for making this disclosure. Further other and different embodiments are possible, and some of the details herein can be modified in various obvious ways without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the drawings and description should be considered factual and illustrative, not restrictive. This disclosure is illustrated by the accompanying drawings as non-limiting examples.

[0021] In the following, for the sake of brevity, both FDD and TDD will be considered as duplex methods for DL ​​and UL signaling.

[0022] The following illustrative description and examples assume orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), but the disclosure can be extended to other OFDM-based transmit waveforms or multiple access schemes such as F-OFDM (filtered oFDM).

[0023] To meet the increased demand for wireless data traffic following the commercialization of 4G communication systems and to enable diverse vertical applications, 5G / NR communication systems have been developed and are currently being deployed. 5G / NR communication systems are considered to be implemented in higher frequency (mmWave) bands, such as 28GHz or 60GHz, to achieve higher data transmission rates, or in lower frequency bands such as 6GHz to enable strong coverage and mobility support. To reduce radio wave propagation loss and increase transmission distance, beamforming, massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output), FD-MIMO (full-dimensional MIMO), array antennas, analog beamforming, and large-scale antenna technologies are being discussed in 5G / NR communication systems.

[0024] Furthermore, in 5G / NR communication systems, development is underway to improve the system network based on advanced small cells, cluster radio access networks (RANs), ultra-high density networks, D2D communication (device-to-device communication), and wireless backhaul, as well as mobile networks, cooperative communication, CoMP (coordinated multi-point), and receiver-end interference rejection.

[0025] The discussion of 5G systems and associated frequency bands is for reference only, as specific embodiments of this disclosure can be embodied in 5G systems. However, this disclosure is not limited to 5G systems or associated frequency bands, and embodiments of this disclosure can be utilized in relation to any frequency band. For example, embodiments of this disclosure can be further applied to 5G communication systems, 6G or later releases that can utilize the terahertz (THz) band.

[0026] Figures 1 to 4b below illustrate various embodiments embodied in wireless communication systems using OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) or OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) communication technologies. The description of Figures 1 to 3 does not imply any physical or structural limitations on the schemes in which different embodiments can be embodied. Different embodiments of this disclosure can be embodied in any appropriately arranged communication system. This disclosure includes many components that can be used together, in combination, or as standalone schemes.

[0027] Figure 1 illustrates an exemplary wireless network according to the present disclosure. The embodiment of the wireless network shown in Figure 1 is for illustrative purposes only. Other embodiments of the wireless network 100 can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0028] As illustrated in Figure 1, the wireless network includes gNB101, gNB102, and gNB103. gNB101 communicates with gNB102 and gNB103. gNB101 also communicates with at least one network 130, such as the Internet, a proprietary IP (Internet Protocol) network, or another data network.

[0029] gNB102 provides wireless broadband access to network 130 for a first plurality of user devices (UEs) within gNB102's coverage area 120. The first plurality of UEs include UE111 which may be located in a small business (SB); UE112 which may be located in an enterprise (E); UE113 which may be located in a WiFi hotspot (HS); UE114 which may be located in a first residence (R); UE115 which may be located in a second residence (R); and UE116 which may be a mobile device (M) such as a cell phone, wireless laptop, or wireless PDA. gNB103 provides wireless broadband access to network 130 for a second plurality of UEs within gNB103's coverage area 125. The second plurality of UEs include UE115 and UE116. In some embodiments, one or more of the gNB101-103 can communicate with each other and communicate with UE111-116 using 5G, LTE, LTE-A, WiMAX, WiFi, or other wireless communication technologies.

[0030] Depending on the network type, the term “base station” or “BS” can refer to any component (or set of components) configured to provide wireless access to a network, such as a transmit point (TP), transmit-receive point (TRP), enhanced base station (eNodeB or eNB), 5G base station (gNB), macrocell, femtocell, WiFi access point (AP), or other wirelessly enabled device. A base station can provide wireless access by one or more wireless communication protocols, such as 5G 3GPP NR (new radio interface / access), LTE (long term evolution), LTE-A (LTE-advanced), high-speed packet access (HSPA), Wi-Fi 802.11a / b / g / n / ac, etc. For convenience, the terms “BS” and “TRP” are used in this patent document to refer to network infrastructure components that provide wireless access to a remote terminal. Depending on the network type, the terms “User Equipment” or “UE” can refer to any component such as a “mobile station,” “subscriber station,” “remote terminal,” “wireless terminal,” “receive point,” or “User Equipment.” For convenience, the terms “User Equipment” and “UE” are used in this patent document to refer to remote wireless devices that wirelessly access a BS, whether the UE is a mobile device (such as a mobile phone or smartphone) or a stationary device (such as a desktop computer or vending machine).

[0031] The dotted lines indicate the approximate extent of coverage areas 120 and 125, which are illustrated as mostly circular shapes for illustrative and explanatory purposes only. It should be clearly understood that coverage areas relating to gNBs, such as coverage areas 120 and 125, may have other shapes, including irregular shapes, depending on the gNB configuration and changes in the radio environment due to natural and man-made obstructions.

[0032] As will be explained in more detail below, one or more of UE111-116 are related to the Channel Status Information (CSI) report—this information is two numbers N and M relative to the base vector. v Includes information about N≧M v - received; index M init Index M that starts at init N consecutive base vectors with i = 0, 1, ..., N-1 - N consecutive base vectors belong to a set of N3 base vectors, and N ≤ N3 - identify; M v The number of base vectors -N=M v At that time, M v N base vectors = N continuous base vectors, where N > M v At that time, M v Each base vector is selected from N consecutive base vectors - determined by M v CSI report based on individual base vectors - N>M v At that time, the CSI report selected M v Includes an indicator that shows information for each base vector - determine; N > M v The M selected at that time v The circuit includes, programming, or a combination thereof, for transmitting a CSI report that includes an indicator showing information for each base vector. One or more of gNB101-103 are related to the channel status information (CSI) report - this information is two numbers N and M for each base vector. v Includes information on N≧M v- includes circuits, programming, or a combination thereof for generating; transmitting information; and receiving CSI reports, and the CSI report is M v Based on the base vectors, the N consecutive base vectors are indexed M. init Index M that starts at init The base vectors are identified by +i, i=0,1,...,N-1, and N consecutive base vectors belong to a set of N3 base vectors, so N≦N3, and N=M v At that time, M v N base vectors = N continuous base vectors, where N > M v At that time, M v Each base vector is selected from N consecutive base vectors, and the CSI report is N > M v The M selected at that time v Includes indicators that show information for each base vector.

[0033] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless network 100, but various modifications can be made to Figure 1. For example, the wireless network 100 can include any number of gNBs and any number of UEs in any appropriate arrangement. Furthermore, gNB 101 can communicate directly with any number of UEs and provide wireless broadband access to the network 130 to these UEs. Similarly, each gNB 102-103 can communicate directly with the network 130 and provide direct wireless broadband access to the network to the UEs.

[0034] Furthermore, gNB101, 102, and / or 103 can provide access to other or additional external networks, such as external telephone networks or other types of data networks.

[0035] Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary gNB102 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of gNB102 shown in Figure 2 is for illustrative purposes only, and gNB101 and 103 in Figure 1 may have the same or similar configurations. However, gNBs have a variety of configurations, and Figure 2 does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any particular embodiment of a gNB.

[0036] As shown in Figure 2, the gNB102 includes a number of antennas 205a-205n, a number of RF transceivers 210a-210n, a transmit (TX) processing circuit 215, and a receive (RX) processing circuit 220. The gNB102 further includes a control unit / processor 225, memory 230, and a backhaul or network interface 235.

[0037] RF transceivers 210a-210n receive incoming RF signals, such as signals transmitted by the UE on network 100, from antennas 205a-205n. RF transceivers 210a-210n downconvert the incoming RF signals to generate an IF or baseband signal. The IF or baseband signal is sent to an RX processing circuit 220, which generates a baseband signal processed by filtering, decoding, and / or digitizing the baseband or IF signal. The RX processing circuit 220 sends the processed baseband signal to a control unit / processor 225 for further processing.

[0038] The TX processing circuit 215 receives analog or digital data (such as voice data, web data, email, or interactive video game data) from the control unit / processor 225. The TX processing circuit 215 encodes, multiplexes, and / or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate the processed baseband or IF signal. The RF transceivers 210a-210n receive the processed baseband or IF signal from the TX processing circuit 215 and upconvert the baseband or IF signal to an RF signal transmitted through antennas 205a-205n.

[0039] The control unit / processor 225 may include one or more processors or other processing units that control the overall operation of the gNB102. For example, the control unit / processor 225 can control the reception of forward channel signals and the transmission of reverse channel signals by the RF transceivers 210a-210n, the RX processing circuit 220, and the TX processing circuit 215 using well-known principles. The control unit / processor 225 can further support additional functions such as advanced wireless communication functions.

[0040] For example, the control unit / processor 225 can support beamforming or directional routing operations in which signals from multiple antennas 205a-205n are weighted differently to effectively steer the signals outwards in the desired direction. Any of the various other functions can be supported by the control unit / processor 225 in the gNB102.

[0041] The control unit / processor 225 can also run programs that reside in memory 230, such as an operating system, and other processes. The control unit / processor 225 can move data in and out of memory 230 as required by the executing process.

[0042] The control unit / processor 225 is further coupled to a backhaul or network interface 235. The backhaul or network interface 235 enables the gNB 102 to communicate with other devices or systems via a backhaul connection or network. Interface 235 can support communication via any suitable wired or wireless connection. For example, when the gNB 102 is embodied as part of a cellular communication system (such as supporting 5G, LTE, or LTE-A), interface 235 enables the gNB 102 to communicate with other gNBs via a wired or wireless backhaul connection. When the gNB 102 is embodied as an access point, interface 235 enables the gNB 102 to communicate with larger networks (such as the Internet) via a wired or wireless local area network or wired or wireless connection. Interface 235 includes any suitable structure that supports communication via a wired or wireless connection, such as Ethernet or an RF transceiver.

[0043] Memory 230 is coupled to the control unit / processor 225. Part of memory 230 may include RAM, and the other part of memory 230 may include flash memory or other ROM.

[0044] Figure 2 illustrates an example of gNB102, but various modifications can be made to Figure 2.

[0045] For example, gNB102 can include any number of each of the components shown in Figure 2.

[0046] For example, an access point may include multiple interfaces 235, and the control / processor 225 may support a routing function for routing data between different network addresses. Another example is the inclusion of a single instance of the TX processing circuit 215 and a single instance of the RX processing circuit 220, although the gNB102 may include multiple instances of each (such as one per RF transceiver). Furthermore, the various components in Figure 2 can be combined, further subdivided, or omitted, and additional components may be added as needed.

[0047] Figure 3 illustrates an exemplary UE116 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of UE116 shown in Figure 3 is for illustrative purposes only, and UE111-115 in Figure 1 may have the same or similar configurations. However, UEs have a variety of configurations, and Figure 3 does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any particular embodiment of a UE.

[0048] As shown in Figure 3, the UE116 includes an antenna 305, a radio frequency (RF) transceiver 310, a TX processing circuit 315, a microphone 320, and a receiver (RX) processing circuit 325. The UE116 further includes a speaker 330, a processor 340, an input / output (I / O) interface (IF) 345, a touchscreen 350, a display 355, and memory 360. The memory 360 includes an operating system (OS) 361 and one or more applications 362.

[0049] The RF transceiver 310 receives incoming RF signals transmitted by the gNB of network 100 from antenna 305. The RF transceiver 310 downconverts the incoming RF signals to generate intermediate frequency (IF) or baseband signals. The IF or baseband signals are sent to RX processing circuit 325, which generates a baseband signal processed by filtering, decoding, and / or digitizing the baseband or IF signals. The RX processing circuit 325 sends the processed baseband signal to speaker 330 (such as audio data) or to processor 340 for further processing (such as web browsing data).

[0050] In the TX processing circuit 315, analog or digital audio data is received from the microphone 320 or other outgoing baseband data (such as web data, email, or interactive video game data) is received from the processor 340. The TX processing circuit 315 encodes, multiplexes, and / or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate a processed baseband or IF signal. The RF transceiver 310 receives the processed baseband or IF signal from the TX processing circuit 315 and upconverts the baseband or IF signal to an RF signal transmitted through the antenna 305.

[0051] The processor 340 may include one or more processors or other processing units and may perform OS 361 stored in memory 360 to control the overall operation of UE 116. For example, the processor 340 may control the reception of forward channel signals and the transmission of reverse channel signals by the RF transceiver 310, RX processing circuit 325, and TX processing circuit 315 using well-known principles. In some embodiments, the processor 340 includes at least one microprocessor or microcontroller.

[0052] Processor 340 further provides information regarding the Channel Status Information (CSI) report—this information consists of two numbers N and M relative to the base vector. vIncludes information about N≧M v - received; index M init The index that starts with M init +i, i=0,1,...,N-1 - N consecutive base vectors - N consecutive base vectors belong to a set of N3 base vectors, and N≦N3 - identify; M v The number of base vectors -N=M v At that time, M v N base vectors = N continuous base vectors, where N > M v At that time, M v Each base vector is selected from N consecutive base vectors - determined by M v CSI report based on individual base vectors - N>M v At that time, the CSI report selected M v Includes an indicator that shows information for each base vector - determine; N > M v The M selected at that time v Other processes and programs residing in memory 360 can be performed, such as a process for sending CSI reports that include indicators showing information for individual base vectors. The processor 340 can move data to or outside of memory as required by the executing process. In some embodiments, the processor 340 is configured to perform application 362 based on OS 361 or in response to signals received from gNB or operators. The processor 340 is further coupled to an I / O interface 345 that provides the UE 116 with the ability to connect to other devices such as laptop computers and handheld computers. The I / O interface 345 is a communication path between such accessories and the processor 340.

[0053] The processor 340 is further coupled to the touchscreen 350 and the display 355. The operator of the UE116 can input data into the UE116 using the touchscreen 350. The display 355 can be a liquid crystal display, a light-emitting diode display, or any other display capable of rendering text and / or at least limited graphics, such as a website.

[0054] Memory 360 is coupled to the processor 340. Part of memory 360 may include random access memory (RAM), and the other part of memory 360 may include flash memory or other read-only memory (ROM).

[0055] Figure 3 illustrates an example of UE116, but various modifications can be made to Figure 3.

[0056] For example, the various components in Figure 3 can be combined, further subdivided, or omitted, and additional components can be added as needed. As a specific example, the processor 340 can be divided into multiple processors, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs) and one or more graphics processing units (GPUs). Also, while Figure 3 illustrates a UE 116 configured as a mobile phone or smartphone, the UE can be configured to operate as other types of mobile or stationary devices.

[0057] Figure 4a is a high-level diagram of the transmit path circuitry. For example, the transmit path circuitry can be used for OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) communication. Figure 4b is a high-level diagram of the receive path circuitry. For example, the receive path circuitry 450 can be used for OFDMA communication. In Figures 4a and 4b, for downlink communication, the transmit path circuitry can be implemented in a base station (gNB) 102 or a relay station, and the receive path circuitry can be implemented in user equipment (e.g., user equipment 116 in Figure 1). In another example, for uplink communication, the receive path circuitry 450 can be implemented in a base station (e.g., gNB 102 in Figure 1) or a relay station, and the transmit path circuitry can be implemented in user equipment (e.g., user equipment 116 in Figure 1).

[0058] The transmission path circuit includes a channel coding and modulation block 405, a serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block 410, a size-N inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) block 415, a parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block 420, an add cyclic prefix block 425, and an up-converter (UC) 430. The reception path circuit 450 includes a down-converter (DC) 455, a remove cyclic prefix block 460, a serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block 465, a size-N fast Fourier transform (FFT) block 470, a parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block 475, and a channel decoding and demodulation block 480.

[0059] At least some of the components in Figures 4a400 and 4b450 can be implemented in software, while other components can be implemented by configurable hardware or a combination of software and configurable hardware. In particular, the FFT block and IFFT block described in this disclosure can be implemented as configurable software algorithms, where the value of size N can be modified by implementation.

[0060] Furthermore, while this disclosure relates to embodiments of the Fast Fourier Transform and the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform, these are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure. It can be understood that in alternative embodiments of this disclosure, the Fast Fourier Transform function and the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform function can be readily replaced with the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) function and the Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) function, respectively. For the DFT and IDFT functions, the value of the N variable can be any integer (i.e., 1, 4, 3, 4, etc.), while for the FFT and IFFT functions, the value of the N variable can be any integer that is a power of 2 (i.e., 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, etc.).

[0061] In the transmission path circuit 400, the channel coding and modulation block 405 receives a set of information bits, applies coding (e.g., LDPC coding), and modulates the input bits to generate a series of frequency-domain modulation symbols (e.g., QPSK (quadrature phase shift keying) or QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation)). The serial-to-parallel block 410 converts the serially modulated symbols into parallel data (i.e., demultiplexes) to generate N parallel symbol streams, where N is the IFFT / FFT size used in BS102 and UE116. Next, the IFFT block 415 performs an IFFT operation on the N parallel symbol streams to generate a time-domain output signal. The parallel-to-serial block 420 generates a serial time-domain signal of size N The parallel time-domain output symbol from the IFFT block 415 is converted (i.e., multiplexed). Next, the cyclic prefix addition block 425 inserts a cyclic prefix into the time-domain signal. Finally, the upconverter 430 modulates (e.g., upconverts) the output of the cyclic prefix addition block 425 at the RF frequency for transmission over the radio channel. The signal may be filtered in the baseband before further conversion at the RF frequency.

[0062] The transmitted RF signal reaches UE116 after passing through the radio channel, where it undergoes reverse operation compared to its operation in gNB102. The downconverter 455 downconverts the received signal to the baseband frequency, and the cyclic prefix removal block 460 removes the cyclic prefix to generate a series time-domain baseband signal. The series-to-parallel block 465 converts the time-domain baseband signal into a parallel time-domain signal. Next, the size N FFT block 470 performs the FFT algorithm to generate N parallel frequency-domain signals. The parallel-to-series block 475 converts the parallel frequency-domain signals into a series of modulated data symbols. The channel decoding and demodulation block 480 demodulates and decodes the modulated symbols to reconstruct the original input data stream.

[0063] Each of the gNB101-103 can embody a transmission path similar to that of transmitting to user devices 111-116 via the downlink, and can embody a reception path similar to that of receiving from user devices 111-116 via the uplink. Similarly, each of the user devices 111-116 can embody a transmission path corresponding to the architecture for transmitting to gNB101-103 via the uplink, and can embody a reception path corresponding to the architecture for receiving from gNB101-103 via the downlink.

[0064] A communication system includes a downlink (DL) that carries signals from a transmitting point such as a base station (BS) or NodeB to a user equipment (UE), and an uplink (UL) that carries signals from the UE to a receiving point such as a NodeB. A UE, generally referred to as a terminal or mobile station, can be fixed or mobile and may be a cellular phone, personal computer equipment, or automated device. An eNodeB, generally a fixed station, may further be referred to as an access point or other equivalent term. In LTE systems, a NodeB is often referred to as an eNodeB.

[0065] In communication systems such as LTE systems, DL signals can include data signals that carry information content, control signals that carry DL control information (DCI), and reference signals (RS), also known as pilot signals. eNodeBs transmit data information through a physical DL shared channel (PDSCH). eNodeBs transmit DCI through a physical DL control channel (PDCCH) or EPDCCH (Enhanced PDCCH).

[0066] The eNodeB transmits acknowledgment information in response to data transport block (TB) transmissions from the UE on the PHICH (physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel). The eNodeB transmits one or more of several RS types, including UE-common RS (CRS), channel status information RS (CSI-RS), or demodulation RS (DMRS). CRS is transmitted through the DL system bandwidth (BW) and can be used by the UE to demodulate data or control information or to obtain channel estimates for measurement. To reduce CRS overhead, the eNodeB may transmit CSI-RS, which has a lower density in the time and / or frequency domain than CRS. DMRS can only be transmitted on the BW of the respective PDSCH or EPDCCH, and the UE can use DMRS to demodulate data or control information on the PDRSCH or EPDCCH, respectively. The transmission time interval for the DL channel is referred to as a subframe and can have a duration of, for example, 1 millisecond.

[0067] DL signals further include the transmission of a logic channel that carries system control information. BCCH is mapped to a transmission channel designated as a broadcast channel (BCH) when it carries a master information block (MIB), or to a DL shared channel (DL-SCH) when it carries a system information block (SIB). Most system information is contained in different SIBs transmitted using DL-SCH. The presence of system information on the DL-SCH in a subframe can be indicated by the transmission of a corresponding PDCCH carrying a codeword with a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled with special system information RNTI (SI-RNTI). Alternatively, scheduling information for an SIB transmission can be provided in a previous SIB, and scheduling information for the first SIB (SIB-1) can be provided by the MIB.

[0068] DL resource allocation is performed in units called subframes and groups of physical resource blocks (PRBs). The transmit bandwidth includes frequency resource units referred to as resource blocks (RBs). Each RB is

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[0069] UL signals can include data signals that carry data information, control signals that carry UL control information (UCI), and UL RS. UL RS includes DMRS and SRS (Sounding RS). UEs transmit DMRS only on the respective PUSCH or PUCCH BW. eNodeBs can demodulate data signals or UCI signals using DMRS. UEs transmit SRS to provide UL CSI to eNodeBs. UEs transmit data information or UCI through their respective physical UL shared channels (PUSCH) or physical UL control channels (PUCCH). If a UE needs to transmit both data information and UCI in the same UL subframe, the UE can multiplex both on the PUSCH. The UCI includes HARQ-ACK (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request Acknowledgment) information indicating the absence of a correct (ACK) or incorrect (NACK) detection or PDCCH detection (DTX) for data TB in the PDSCH, a scheduling request (SR) indicating whether the UE has data in the UE's buffer, a rank indicator (RI), and channel status information (CSI) that enables the eNodeB to perform link adaptation for PDSCH transmission to the UE. The HARQ-ACK information is further transmitted by the UE in response to a PDCCH / EPDCCH detection indicating the release of a semi-permanently scheduled PDSCH.

[0070] The UL subframe includes two slots. Each slot is for transmitting data information, UCI, DMRS, or SRS.

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number

[0071] Figure 5 illustrates a transmitter block diagram 500 for a PDSCH in a subframe according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of the transmitter block diagram 500 shown in Figure 5 are for illustrative purposes only. One or more components shown in Figure 5 may be embodied by special circuits configured to perform the functions mentioned, or one or more components may be embodied by one or more processors that execute instruction words to perform the functions mentioned. Figure 5 does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any particular embodiment of the transmitter block diagram 500.

[0072] As illustrated in Figure 5, the information bits 510 are encoded by an encoder 520 such as a turbo encoder and modulated by a modulator 530 using, for example, QPSK (quadrature phase shift keying) modulation. A series-to-parallel (S / P) converter 540 generates M modulation symbols which are subsequently provided to a mapper 550 so as to be mapped to an RE selected by a transmit BW selection unit 555 for an assigned PDSCH transmit BW. A unit 560 applies an IFFT (Inverse fast Fourier transform), and the output is then serialized by a parallel-to-series (P / S) converter 570 to generate a time-domain signal. Filtering is applied by a filter 580, and the signal is transmitted (590). Additional features such as data scrambling, cyclic prefix insertion, time windowing, and interleaving are well known in the art and are not shown for brevity.

[0073] Figure 6 illustrates a receiver block diagram 600 for a PDSCH in a subframe according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of diagram 600 shown in Figure 6 are for illustrative purposes only. One or more components shown in Figure 6 may be embodied by special circuits configured to perform the functions mentioned, or one or more components may be embodied by one or more processors that execute instruction words to perform the functions mentioned. Figure 6 does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any particular embodiment of diagram 600.

[0074] As shown in Figure 6, the received signal 610 is filtered by filter 620, RE 630 for the assigned received BW is selected by BW selector 635, unit 640 applies a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and the output is serialized by parallel-to-serial converter 650. Next, demodulator 660 coherently demodulates the data symbols by applying channel estimates obtained from DMRS or CRS (not shown), and decoder 670, such as a turbo decoder, decodes the demodulated data to provide estimates of information data bits 680. Additional features such as time winding, cyclic prefix removal, de-scrambling, channel estimation, and de-interleaving are not shown for brevity.

[0075] Figure 7 illustrates a transmitter block diagram 700 for PUSCH in a subframe according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of block diagram 700 shown in Figure 7 are for illustrative purposes only. One or more components shown in Figure 7 may be embodied by special circuits configured to perform the functions mentioned, or one or more components may be embodied by one or more processors that execute instruction words to perform the functions mentioned. Figure 7 does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any particular embodiment of block diagram 700.

[0076] As shown in Figure 7, the information data bits 710 are encoded by an encoder 720 such as a turbo encoder and modulated by a modulator 730. A discrete Fourier transform (DFT) unit 740 applies the DFT to the modulated data bits, RE 750 corresponding to the assigned PUSCH transmit BW is selected by a transmit BW selection unit 755, unit 760 applies an IFFT, and after cyclic prefix insertion (not shown), filtering is applied by a filter 770 and the signal is transmitted (780).

[0077] Figure 8 illustrates a receiver block diagram 800 for a PUSCH in a subframe according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of block diagram 800 shown in Figure 8 are for illustrative purposes only. One or more components shown in Figure 8 may be embodied by special circuits configured to perform the functions mentioned, or one or more components may be embodied by one or more processors that execute instruction words to perform the functions mentioned. Figure 8 does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any particular embodiment of block diagram 800.

[0078] As shown in Figure 8, the received signal 810 is filtered by filter 820. After the cyclic prefix is ​​removed (not shown), unit 830 applies an FFT, RE 840 corresponding to the assigned PUSCH receiver BW is selected by receiver BW selector 845, unit 850 applies an IDFT (inverse DFT), demodulator 860 coherently demodulates the data symbols by applying a channel estimate obtained from DMRS (not shown), and decoder 870, such as a turbo decoder, decodes the demodulated data to provide an estimate of the information data bits 880.

[0079] Next-generation cellular systems are expected to have a variety of use cases that exceed the capabilities of LTE systems. One of the requirements is a system that can operate at or below 6GHz and above 6GHz (for example, in the mmWave domain), known as 5G or fifth-generation cellular systems. 3GPP TR 22.891 identifies and describes 74 5G use cases; these use cases can be broadly classified into three different groups. The first group is "enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)," targeting high data transmission rate services where latency and reliability requirements are not so stringent. The second group is called "ultra-reliable and low latency (URLL)," targeting applications where data transmission rate requirements are not so stringent but tolerance for latency is low. The third group is called "massive MTC (mMTC)," targeting a large number of low-power device connections, such as 1 million per km2, where reliability, data transmission rate, and latency requirements are not so stringent.

[0080] Figure 9 illustrates an exemplary antenna block or array 900 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the antenna block or array 900 shown in Figure 9 is for illustrative purposes only. Figure 9 does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any particular embodiment of the antenna block or array 900.

[0081] In the case of the mmWave bandwidth, the number of antenna elements may be greater than the given form factor, but the number of CSI-RS ports that can correspond to the number of digitally precoded ports tends to be limited by hardware constraints (e.g., many ADCs / DACs can be installed at mmWave frequencies), as illustrated in Figure 9. In this case, one CSI-RS port is mapped to many antenna elements that can be controlled by a bank of analog phase shifters 901. Then, one CSI-RS port can correspond to one subarray that generates a narrow analog beam through analog beamforming 905. Such analog bits can be set to sweep over a wider range of angles 920 by changing the phase shifter bank applied to symbols or subframes. The number of subarrays (the same as the number of RF chains) is the same as the number of CSI-RS ports, or NCSI-PORTs. The digital beamforming unit 910 performs a linear combination over the NCSI-PORT analog beam to further increase the precoding gain. While analog beams are broadband (and therefore not frequency-selective), digital precoding can be modified across frequency subbands or resource blocks.

[0082] An efficient design of the CSI-RS is a crucial element in enabling digital precoding. For this reason, three types of CSI reporting mechanisms are supported, corresponding to three types of CSI-RS measurement operations: “CLASS A” CSI reporting for unprecoded CSI-RS, “CLASS B” reporting to K=1 CSI-RS resources for beamformed CSI-RS, and “CLASS B” reporting to K>1 CSI-RS for beamformed CSI-RS.

[0083] For non-precoded (NP) CSI-RS, a cell-specific one-to-one mapping between the CSI-RS port and the TXRU is utilized. Different CSI-RS ports have the same wide beamwidth and direction, and therefore generally have cell-wide coverage. For beamforming applied to CSI-RS, cell-specific or UE-specific beamforming operations are applied to NZP (non-zero-power) CSI-RS resources (e.g., including multiplexed ports). At least for a given time / frequency, the CSI-RS port has a narrow beamwidth and therefore does not have cell-wide coverage, at least from a gNB perspective. At least some CSI-RS port-resource combinations have different beam directions.

[0084] In scenarios where DL long-term channel statistics can be measured via the UL signal at a serving eNodeB, UE-specific BF CSI-RS can be readily used. This is generally possible when the UL-DL duplex distance is sufficiently small. However, if this condition is not maintained, some UE feedback is required for the eNodeB to obtain an estimate of the DL long-term channel statistics (or any representation thereof). To facilitate such a procedure, the first BF CSI-RS is transmitted at a T1 (ms) period, and the second NP CSI-RS is transmitted at a T2 (ms) period, where T1 ≤ T2. Such an approach is called hybrid CSI-RS. The implementation of hybrid CSI-RS depends heavily on the definition of the CSI process and NZP CSI-RS resources.

[0085] In wireless communication systems, MIMO is sometimes identified as an essential feature for achieving high system processing requirements. One of the main components of a MIMO transmission scheme is the accurate acquisition of the CSI at the eNB (or gNB) (or TRP). In particular, in the case of MU-MIMO, the availability of accurate CSI is necessary to ensure high MU performance. In TDD systems, the CSI can be acquired using SRS transmission, which depends on channel reciprocity. On the other hand, in FDD systems, this can be acquired using CSI-RS transmission from the eNB (or gNB) and CSI acquisition and feedback from the UE. In legacy FDD systems, the CSI feedback framework is "implicit" in the form of CQI / PMI / RI (also CRI and LI) derived from a codebook that assumes SU transmission from the eNB (or gNB). Due to the SU assumption inherent in the derivation of the CSI, such implicit CSI feedback is not suitable for MU transmission. Because future (e.g., NR) systems are likely to be more MU-centric, such SU-MUCSI mismatches will likely become a bottleneck in achieving high MU performance gains. Another issue with implicit feedback is scalability with a larger number of antenna ports in eNBs (or gNBs). For a large number of antenna ports, designing codebooks for implicit feedback is very complex (e.g., the 3GPP LTE specification has a total of 44 Class A codebooks), and the designed codebooks are not guaranteed to deliver the proper performance gains in actual deployment scenarios (e.g., only a small percentage of gain at best may be displayed). While addressing the problems mentioned above, the 3GPP specification further supports advanced CSI reporting in LTE.

[0086] In 5G or NR systems [REF7, REF8], the “implicit” CSI reporting paradigm from LTE described above is further supported as Type ICSI reporting. Furthermore, high-resolution CSI reporting as Type IICSI reporting is supported to provide more accurate CSI information via gNB for use cases such as higher-order MU-MIMO. However, the overhead of Type IICSI reporting can be a problem in actual UE implementation. One approach to reduce Type IICSI overhead is based on frequency domain (FD) compression. In Re.16 NR, DFT-based FD compression of Type II CSI was supported (as a Type II codebook improved in Re.16 in REF8). Some of the main components of this feature are (a) spatial domain (SD) based W1, and (b) FD based W f and (c) coefficients that linearly combine the SD and FD bases

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[0087] It is known from the literature that when the UL-DL duplexing distance is small, UL-DL channel reciprocity can exist in both the angular and delay domains. Since the delay in the time domain transforms (or is closely related to) the base vector in the frequency domain (FD), Rel.16 improved Type II port selection can be further extended in both the angular and delay domains (or SD and FD). In particular, DFT-based SD-based and W1 f The DFT-based FD base can be swapped with SD and FD port selection, i.e., the LCSI-RS port is selected by SD and the M port is selected by FD. In this case, beamforming is applied to the CSI-RS port by SD (assuming UL-DL channel interoperability in the angle domain) and / or FD (assuming UL-DL channel interoperability in the delay / frequency domain), and the corresponding SD and / or FD beamforming information can be obtained by gNB based on UL channels estimated using SRS measurements. This disclosure provides some design components of such a codebook.

[0088] All of the following components and embodiments are applicable to UL transmission using not only DFT-SOFDM (DFT-Spread OFDM) and SC-FDMA (Single Carrier FDMA) waveforms but also CP-OFDM (Cyclical Prefix OFDM) waveforms. Furthermore, all of the following components and embodiments are applicable to UL transmission when the scheduling unit is temporally one subframe (which can consist of one or more slots) or one slot.

[0089] In this disclosure, the frequency resolution (reporting granularity) and span (reporting bandwidth) of a CSI report can be defined in terms of the frequency “subband” and “CSI reporting band” (CRB), respectively.

[0090] The subband for CSI reporting is defined as a set of consecutive PRBs that represent the smallest frequency unit for CSI reporting. The number of PRBs in the subband can be fixed to a given value of the DL system bandwidth, either semi-statically set through higher-level / RRC signaling or dynamically set through L1DL control signaling or MAC control elements (MAC CE). The number of PRBs in the subband can be included in the CSI reporting configuration.

[0091] The “CSI reporting band” is defined as a set / collection of continuous or discontinuous subbands on which CSI reporting takes place. For example, the CSI reporting band can include all subbands within the DL system bandwidth. This is referred to as the “full-band”. Alternatively, the CSI reporting band can include only a set of subbands within the DL system bandwidth. This is also referred to as a “partial band”.

[0092] The term "CSI reporting bandwidth" is used only as an example to illustrate the function. Other terms such as "CSI reporting subband set" or "CSI reporting bandwidth" may also be used.

[0093] From a UE configuration perspective, a UE can be configured with at least one CSI reporting bandwidth. Such configuration can be semi-static (via higher-level signaling or RRC) or dynamic (via MAC CE or L1DL control signals). When multiple (N) CSI reporting bandwidths (e.g., via RRC signaling) are configured, the UE can report CSIs associated with n ≤ NCSI reporting bandwidths. For example, if >6 GHz, a large system bandwidth may require numerous CSI reporting bandwidths. The value of n can be configured semi-statically (via higher-level signaling or RRC) or dynamically (via MAC CE or L1DL control signaling). Alternatively, the UE can report a recommended value for n via the UL channel.

[0094] Therefore, the frequency granularity of CSI parameters can be defined for each CSI reporting band as follows: If a single CSI parameter for all Mn subbands is within a CSI reporting band, the CSI parameter is set to “single” reporting for the CSI reporting band that has Mn subbands. If a single CSI parameter is reported for each of the Mn subbands within a CSI reporting band, the CSI parameter is set to “subband” for the CSI reporting band that has Mn subbands.

[0095] Figure 10 illustrates an exemplary antenna port layout 1000 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the antenna port layout 1000 shown in Figure 10 is for illustrative purposes only. Figure 10 does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any particular embodiment of the antenna port layout 1000.

[0096] As shown in FIG. 10, N1 and N2 are the numbers of antenna ports having the same polarization in one dimension and two dimensions, respectively. In the case of a 2D antenna port layout, N1>1 and N2>1, and in the case of a 1D antenna port layout, N1>1 and N2 = 1. Therefore, in the case of a dual-polarization antenna port layout, the total number of antenna ports when each antenna is mapped to an antenna port is 2N1N2. An illustration is shown in FIG. 10, where “X” indicates two antenna polarizations. In the present disclosure, the term “polarization” refers to a group of antenna ports. For example, antenna port

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[0097] As described in U.S. Patent No. 10,659,118, issued on May 19, 2020, and entitled “Method and Apparatus for Explicit CSI Reporting in Advanced Wireless Communication Systems,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, a high-resolution (e.g., Type II) CSI report is configured for the UE such that the linear combination-based Type IICSI reporting framework is extended to include the frequency dimension in addition to the first and second antenna port dimensions.

[0098] FIG. 11 illustrates a 3D grid 1100 of oversampled DFT beam first port dim (dim), second port dim, frequency dim),

[0099] • The first dimension is associated with the first port dimension,

[0100] • Two dimensions are associated with the second port dimension,

[0101] • Three dimensions are related to the frequency dimension.

[0102] The base sets for the first and second-order port-domain representations are oversampled DFT codebooks of length N1 and N2, respectively, with oversampling coefficients O1 and O2. Similarly, the base set for the frequency-domain representation (i.e., 3-dimensional) is an oversampled DFT codebook of length N3, with an oversampling coefficient O3. In one example, O1=O2=O3=4. In another example, the oversampling coefficient O i It belongs to {2,4,8}. In another example, at least one of O1, O2, and O3 is a higher hierarchy that is set (through RRC signaling).

[0103] As described in Section 5.2.2.2.6 of REF8, the UE is set to the higher-level parameter codebookType, which is set to “typeII-PortSelection-r16” for improved Type IICSI reporting, where v is the associated RI value for all SBs and the precoder l=1,...,v for a given hierarchy is given by one of the following:

[0104]

number

[0105] or

[0106]

number

[0107] Here,

[0108] · N1 is the number of antenna ports in the first antenna port dimension (having the same antenna polarization),

[0109] · N2 is the number of antenna ports in the second antenna port dimension (having the same antenna polarization),

[0110] · P CSI-RS is the number of CSI-RS ports set for the UE,

[0111] · N3 is the number of SBs or the number of FD units or the number of FD components (including the CSI reporting band) for PMI reporting or the total number of precoding matrices indicated by PMI (one for each FD unit / component),

[0112] · a i is a 2N1N2×1 (Equation 1) or N1N2×1 (Equation 2) column vector, and a i is N1N2×1 or

Number

[0113] · b f is an N3×1 column vector,

[0114] · c l,i,f is the complex coefficient associated with vectors a i and b f and is a complex number coefficient.

[0115] For example, when the UE reports a subset K < 2LM coefficient (where K is fixed, set by gNB, or reported by the UE), the coefficient c in precoder equation 1 or equation 2. l,i,f is x l,i,f ×c l,i,f It was replaced here

[0116] • Coefficient c l,i,f If this is reported by UE according to some embodiments of the present invention, then x l,i,f = 1

[0117] • If not (i.e., c l,i,f (If not reported by UE) x l,i,f That is the case.

[0118] x l,i,f The indication of =1 or 0 is according to some embodiments of the present invention. For example, this can be done through a bitmap.

[0119] In other examples, precoder formula 1 or formula 2 can be generalized as follows:

[0120]

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[0121] For a given i, the number of base vectors is M. i Therefore, the corresponding base vector is {b i,f} is M i For a given i, the coefficient c reported by UE is l,i,f This is the number of M. i ≤ M (where {M i} or ΣM i (This is fixed, set by the gNB, or reported by the UE.)

[0122] Wl The columns are normalized with norm 1. For rank R or R levels (v = R), the pre - coding matrix is [Number] given by. Equation 2 is assumed for the rest of this specification. However, the embodiments of this disclosure are general and also apply to Equations 1, 3, and 4.

[0123] Here [Number] where M ≤ N3. [Number] If so, A is the identity matrix and thus not reported. Similarly, if M = N3, B is the identity matrix and not reported. Assuming in one example that M < N3, an oversampled DFT codebook is used to report the columns of B. For example, b f = w f where the quantity w f is given as follows.

[0124] [Number]

[0125] When o3 = 1, the FD base vectors for the level [Number] (where v is the RI or rank value) are given as follows.

[0126] [Number] <00​​​​​​​​ and

number

number

[0128] In another example, the discrete cosine transform (DCT) base is used to set and report a base B for 3 dimensions. The mth column of the DCT compressed matrix is ​​simply given as follows:

[0129]

number

[0130] Since DCT is applied to real-valued coefficients, DCT is applied individually to the real and imaginary components (of a channel or channel eigenvector). Alternatively, DCT is applied individually to the size and phase components (of a channel or channel eigenvector). The use of DFT or DCT-based approaches is for illustrative purposes only. This disclosure is applicable to any other base vector for setting and reporting A and B.

[0131] At a high level, Precoder W l This can be explained as follows:

[0132]

number

[0133] Here, A=W1 corresponds to Rel.15W1 in the Type IICSI codebook [REF8], and B=W f That is the case.

[0134]

number

number

number

[0135] ·

number

[0136] ·

number

[0137] For hierarchy l, spatial domain (SD) based vector (or beam)

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number

number

number

[0138] UE is

number

[0139] • X-bit indicator for the strongest coefficient index (i * ,f * ), here

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number

[0140] • Strongest coefficient

number

[0141] • Two reference amplitudes are used, each corresponding to a different antenna polarization.

[0142] • Strongest coefficient

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number

[0143] • For other polarizations, reference amplitude

number

[0144] • 4-bit amplitude alphabet is

number

[0145] ·{c l,i,f ,(i,f)≠(i * ,f * )}in the case of:

[0146] • For each polarization, the derivative amplitude of the coefficient calculated against the reference amplitude for each associated polarization and quantized to 3 bits.

number

[0147] • 3-bit amplitude alphabet is

number

[0148] • Note: Final quantized amplitude p l,i,f teeth

number

[0149] Each phase is 8PSK N ph =8) or 16PSK N ph It is quantized to =16) (configurable).

[0150] The strongest coefficient

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number

number

number

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[0151] The UE can be configured to report MFD-based vectors. For example,

number

number

number

Number

Number

[0152] The UE can be set to report M FD basis vectors in one step freely (independently) from the N3 basis vectors for each layer l ∈ {0, 1,..., v - 1} of rank v CSI reporting. Alternatively, the UE can be set to report the M FD basis vectors in two steps as follows.

[0153] · In step 1, an intermediate set (InS) containing N'3 < N3 basis vectors is selected and reported, where InS is common for all layers.

[0154] · In step 2, for each layer l ∈ {0, 1,..., v - 1} of rank v CSI reporting, the M FD basis vectors are freely (independently) selected from the N'3 basis vectors of InS and reported.

[0155] In one example, when N3 ≤ 19, a one-step method is used, and when N3 ≥ 19, a two-step method is used. In one example,

Number

[0156] The codebook parameters used in DFT-based frequency domain compression (Equation 5) are (L, p, v0, β, α, N ph) For example, the set of values ​​for such a codebook parameter is as follows:

[0157] • L: For ranks 1-2, L∈{2,4,6}, with 32 CSI-RS antenna ports, except R=1, the set of values ​​is generally {2,4}.

[0158] • p for ranks 1-2, (p, v0) for ranks 3-4:

number

number

[0159] ·

number

[0160] · α∈{1.5,2,2.5,3}

[0161] N ph ∈8,16.

[0162] In another example, the codebook parameters (L,p,v0,β,α,N ph The set of values ​​for ) is as follows: α=2, N ph =16, as shown in Table 1, where L, β and P v The value is determined by the higher-level parameter paramCombination-r17. For example, the UE is not expected to be set with paramCombination-r17 as follows:

[0163] P CSI-RS When = 4, then 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8,

[0164] • Number of CSI-RS ports: P CSI-RS If <32, then 7 or 8,

[0165] • For any i>1, the higher-level parameter typeII-RI-Restriction-r17 is set to r i If =1 is set, then 7 or 8,

[0166] • If R=2, then 7 or 8.

[0167] The bitmap parameter typeII-RI-Restriction-r17 forms the bit sequence r3,r2,r1,r0, where r0 is the LSB and r3 is the MSB. i When is 0, i∈{0,1,...,3}PMI and RI reporting is not permitted to correspond to any precoder associated with the v=i+1 hierarchy. The parameter R is set to the higher-level parameter numberOfPMISubbandsPerCQISubband-r17. This parameter controls the number of total precoding matrices N3 shown by PMI as a function of the number of subbands in the csi-ReportingBand, the subband size set by the higher-level parameter subbandSize, and the total number of PRBs in the bandwidth portion.

[0168] [Table 1]

[0169] The framework described above (Equation 5) is for the 2L SD beam and M v A precoding matrix for a large number of (N3)FD units is shown using a linear combination (double sum) of FD beams. This framework further develops into an FD-based matrix W f TD base matrix W t By replacing it with W, it can be used to represent the precoding matrix in the time domain (TD), where W t The column indicates the delay or channel tap position in some forms. v Includes TD beam. Therefore, Precoder W lThis can be explained as follows:

[0170]

number

[0171] For example, M v A TD beam (indicating a delay or channel tap position) is selected from an N3TD beamset, where N3 corresponds to the maximum number of TD units, and each TD unit corresponds to a delay or channel tap position. In one example, a TD beam corresponds to a single delay or channel tap position. In another example, a TD beam corresponds to multiple delays or channel tap positions. In yet another example, a TD beam corresponds to a combination of multiple delays or channel tap positions.

[0172] This disclosure is applicable to both the space-frequency (Equation 5) and space-time (Equation 5A) frameworks.

[0173] Generally, for hierarchy l=0,1,...,v-1, where v is the rank value reported through RI, the precoder (see Equations 5 and 5A) includes the codebook components summarized in Table 2.

[0174] [Table 2]

[0175] P CSIRS,SD and P CSIRS,FD The numbers represent the number of CSI-RS ports on the SD and FD, respectively. The total number of CSI-RS ports is P CSIRS,SD ×P CSIRS,FD =P CSIRSEach CSI-RS port can be precoded with beamforming applied using a precoding / beamforming vector, either in SD or FD, or in both SD and FD. The precoding / beamforming vector for each CSI-RS port can be derived based on UL channel estimation through SRS, assuming (partial) interoperability between DL and UL channels. Since CSI-RS ports can be beamformed in both FD and SD, the Rel.15 / 16 Type II port selection codebook can be extended to perform a linear combination of selected ports after port selection in both SD and FD. Some details regarding the port selection codebook for such extensions are provided in the remainder of this disclosure.

[0176] In this disclosure, the terms “beam” and “port” are used interchangeably and refer to the same components in the codebook. For simplicity, the terms beam / port or port / beam are used in this disclosure.

[0177] Figure 12 illustrates an example of a new port selection codebook 1200 that facilitates independent (separate) port selection across SD and FD, and also facilitates joint port selection across SD and FD, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the new port selection codebook 1200 that facilitates independent (separate) port selection across SD and FD, and also facilitates joint port selection across SD and FD, as illustrated in Figure 12, is for illustrative purposes only. Figure 12 does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any specific embodiment of the example of the new port selection codebook 1200 that facilitates independent (separate) port selection across SD and FD, and also facilitates joint port selection across SD and FD.

[0178] In one embodiment (A.1), the UE is configured with a higher-level parameter codebookType set to “typeII-r17” or “typeII-PortSelection-r17” for CSI reporting based on the new (Rel. 17) Type II port selection codebook, where port selection (located on the SD) of the Rel. 15 / 16 Type II port selection codebook is extended to the FD outside of the SD. The UE is further configured with a P linked to CSI reporting based on such a new Type II port selection codebook. CSIRS A CSI-RS port (located on a single CSI-RS resource or distributed across two or more CSI-RS resources) is configured. For example, P CSIRS =Q. CSIRS ≥Q. Here, Q = P CSIRS,SD ×P CSIRS,FD The CSI-RS port can be beamformed with SD and / or FD. The UE is P CSIRS Measure (or at least Q) CSI-RS ports, estimate the DL channels (with beamforming applied), and determine the precoding matrix indicator (PMI) using a new port selection codebook, where the PMI represents a set of constituent elements S that can be used in the gNB to construct the precoding matrix t ∈ {0, 1, ..., N3-1} for each FD unit (along with the beamforming used for the beamforming-applied CSI-RS). For example, P CSIRS,SD ∈{4,8,12,16,32} or {2,4,8,12,16,32}. For example, P CSIRS,SD and P CSIRS,FD This is multiplied by Q=P CSIRS,SD ×P CSIRS,FD Ensure that the order is either {4,8,12,16,32} or {2,4,8,12,16,32}.

[0179] The new port selection codebook facilitates independent (separate) port selection for SD and FD. This is illustrated in the upper part of Figure 12.

[0180] For hierarchy l=1,...,v where v is the rank value reported through RI, the precoder (see Equations 5 and 5A) includes the codebook components (shown through PMI) summarized in Table 3. Parameters L and M l It is either fixed or set (for example, through RRC).

[0181] [Table 3]

[0182] In one embodiment (A.2), the UE is configured with a higher-level parameter codebookType set to “typeII-r17” or “typeII-PortSelection-r17” for CSI reporting based on the new (Rel. 17) Type II port selection codebook, where port selection (located on the SD) of the Rel. 15 / 16 Type II port selection codebook is extended to the FD outside of the SD. The UE is further configured with a P linked to CSI reporting based on such new Type II port selection codebooks. CSIRS A CSI-RS port (either located on a single CSI-RS resource or distributed across two or more CSI-RS resources) is configured. For example, P CSIRS =Q. CSIRS ≥Q. Here, Q = P CSIRS,SD ×P CSIRS,FD The CSI-RS port can be beamformed with SD and / or FD. The UE is P CSIRS Measure (or at least Q) CSI-RS ports, estimate the DL channels (with beamforming applied), and determine the precoding matrix indicator (PMI) using a new port selection codebook, where the PMI represents a set of constituent elements S that can be used in the gNB to construct the precoding matrix t ∈ {0, 1, ..., N3-1} for each FD unit (along with the beamforming used for the beamforming-applied CSI-RS). For example, P CSIRS,SD∈{4,8,12,16,32} or {2,4,8,12,16,32}. For example, P CSIRS,SD and P CSIRS,FD This is multiplied by Q=P CSIRS,SD ×P CSIRS,FD Ensure that the order is either {4,8,12,16,32} or {2,4,8,12,16,32}.

[0183] The new port selection codebook facilitates joint port selection applied to SD and FD. This is illustrated in the lower section of Figure 8. The codebook structure is similar to the Rel.15 NR Type II codebook, which includes two main components.

[0184] W1:P CSI-RS Among the SD-FD port pairs, Y v The purpose is to make a joint choice.

[0185] For example, Y v ≤P CSI-RS (When port selection is independent across two polarizations or two antenna groups with different polarizations)

[0186] For example,

number

[0187] • W2: Selected Y v This is for selecting coefficients for SD-FD port pairs.

[0188] For example, joint port selection (and this reporting) is common across multiple levels (when v>1). For example, joint port selection (and this reporting) is independent across multiple levels (when v>1). The reporting of selected coefficients is independent across multiple levels (when v>1).

[0189] If the hierarchy l=1,...,v is the rank value reported through RI, the precoder (see Equations 5 and 5A) includes the codebook components (shown through PMI) summarized in Table 4. Parameter Y v It is either fixed or set (for example, through RRC).

[0190] [Table 4]

[0191] Figure 13 illustrates an exemplary aperiodic CSI trigger state auxiliary selection MAC CE1300 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The exemplary embodiment of the aperiodic CSI trigger state auxiliary selection MAC CE1300 illustrated in Figure 13 is for illustrative purposes only. Figure 13 does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any specific embodiment of the exemplary aperiodic CSI trigger state auxiliary selection MAC CE1300.

[0192] Figure 14 illustrates exemplary SP CSI reports for PUCCH-activated / inactivated MAC CE1400 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The exemplary SP CSI reports for PUCCH-activated / inactivated MAC CE1400 illustrated in Figure 14 are for illustrative purposes only. Figure 14 does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any specific embodiment of exemplary SP CSI reports for PUCCH-activated / inactivated MAC CE1400.

[0193] In one embodiment (I.1), the PMI codebook components (e.g., Table 2 / Table 3 / Table 4) can be divided into two subsets, namely a first subset (S1) and a second subset (S2), and the UE is configured (or activated or indicated) with the first subset (S1) of the PMI codebook components. The UE derives the second subset (S2) of the codebook components using the first subset (S1) of the PMI codebook components. In one example, the first subset (S1) of the PMI codebook components is derived (e.g., by gNB) based on the UL channel estimated using SRS transmission from the UE, and the derived first subset (S1) is configured (or activated or indicated) on the UE. The first and second subsets can be separated, i.e., have no common codebook components. Alternatively, this can have at least one common codebook component. In one example, the first subset (S1) follows one of the examples in Embodiment I.2 of this disclosure.

[0194] At least one of the following examples is used to configure (or activate or indicate) the first subset (S1) of PMI codebook components.

[0195] In one example (I.1.1), the first subset (S1) of PMI codebook components is configured through higher-level RRC signaling. At least one of the following examples is used for configuration.

[0196] • For example (I.1.1.1), such settings can be made in conjunction with other RRC parameters. For example, this could be L, M vThis can be done in conjunction with paramCombination-r16 or paramCombination-r17, which sets values ​​for and β. Alternatively, this can be done in conjunction with the codebook subset restriction (CBSR) parameters n1-n2-codebookSubsetRestriction-r16 or n1-n2-codebookSubsetRestriction-r17, which set values ​​for N1 and N2. Alternatively, this can be done in conjunction with the codebook subset restriction parameters typeII-PortSelectionRI-Restriction-r16 or typeII-PortSelectionRI-Restriction-r17, which set allowed rank values. Alternatively, this can be done in conjunction with the parameter nrofPorts, which sets the number of CSI-RS ports.

[0197] • In one example (I.1.1.2), such a setting is isolated through a new (dedicated) RRC parameter. For example, this can be done through a new CBSR parameter, e.g., basisRestriction-r17. Alternatively, this can be done through a new RRC parameter, e.g., typeII-Basis-r17.

[0198] In one example (I.1.2), the first subset (S1) of PMI codebook components is activated through a MAC CE activation command. In one example, whether or not such activation exists can be determined through higher-level RRC signaling. In another example, MAC CE activation is performed by activating the first subset (S1) from a number of candidates for the first subset (S1), and the number of candidates is determined through RRC signaling. At least one of the following examples is used to determine MAC CE activation.

[0199] • In one example (I.1.2.1), such activation is performed in conjunction with other MAC CE activation commands. For example, this is performed in conjunction with a non-periodic CSI trigger state subselection MAC CE, for example, through aperiodicTriggerStateList or reserved bit R, as illustrated in Figure 13. Alternatively, this is performed, for example, with a number of fields S i This is performed in conjunction with the SP CSI report for PUCCH-activated / deactivated MAC CE through one or more reserved bits R, as illustrated in Figure 14.

[0200] • In one example (I.1.2.2), such activation is isolated through a new (dedicated) MAC CE activation command.

[0201] In one example (I.1.3), a first subset (S1) of PMI codebook components is indicated and triggered through L1 control (DCI) signaling. In another example, the presence or absence of such indication can be configured and activated through higher-level RRC or MAC CE signaling. In yet another example, DCI signaling indicates a first subset (S1) from a multitude of candidates for the first subset (S1), and the multitude of candidates are configured through RRC and / or MAC CE signaling. At least one of the following examples is used and configured for DCI-based indication / triggering.

[0202] • In one example (I.1.3.1), such indication / triggering occurs in conjunction with code points in other DCI fields. For example, this occurs in conjunction with the DCI field “CSI Request” which triggers aperiodic CSI reporting.

[0203] In one example (I.1.3.2), such indications / trigoring are separated through a code point in a new (dedicated) DCI field.

[0204] In one example (I.1.4), the first subset (S1) of the PMI codebook components is configured and activated through a combination of higher-level RRC signaling and MAC CE activation. At least one of the following examples is used and configured for DCI-based indication / triggering.

[0205] In one example (I.1.4.1), S1 is divided into two subsets, S11 and S12. RRC signaling sets up a subset of the first subset (S1) (S11), and MAC CE activation activates the other subset of the first subset (S1) (S12). Details of RRC setting are given in example (I.1.1), and details of MAC CE activation are given in example (I.1).

[0206] In one example (I.1.4.2), RRC signaling sets up multiple candidates for the first subset (S1), and MAC CE activation activates one of these candidates. Details of RRC setting follow example (I.1.1), and details of MAC CE activation follow example I.1.2.

[0207] In one example (I.1.5), the first subset (S1) of PMI codebook components is configured and shown through a combination of higher-level RRC signaling and L1-control (DCI) signaling. At least one of the following examples is used and configured for DCI-based indication / triggering.

[0208] In one example (I.1.5.1), S1 is divided into two subsets, S11 and S12. RRC signaling sets up a subset (S11) of the first subset (S1), and DCI signaling indicates the other subset (S12) of the first subset (S1). Details of RRC setting are given in example (I.1.1), and details of DCI signaling are given in example (I.1.3).

[0209] In one example (I.1.5.2), RRC signaling sets up a large number of candidates for the first subset (S1), and DCI signaling indicates one from among the large number of candidates. Details of RRC setup follow example (I.1.1), and details of DCI signaling follow example (I.1.3).

[0210] In one example (I.1.6), the first subset (S1) of the PMI codebook components is activated and indicated through a combination of MAC CE activation and L1-control (DCI) signaling. At least one of the following examples is used and configured for DCI-based indication / triggering.

[0211] In one example (I.1.6.1), S1 is divided into two subsets, S11 and S12. MAC CE activation activates a subset (S11) of the first subset (S1), and DCI signaling indicates the other subset (S12) of the first subset (S1). Details of MAC CE activation follow example (I.1.2), and details of DCI signaling follow example (I.1.3).

[0212] In one example (I.1.6.2), MAC CE activation activates multiple candidates for the first subset (S1), and DCI signaling indicates one of these multiple candidates. Details of MAC CE activation follow example (I.1.2), and details of DCI signaling follow example (I.1.3).

[0213] In one example (I.1.7), the first subset (S1) of PMI codebook components is set up, activated, and indicated through a combination of higher-level RRC signaling, MAC CE activation, and L1-control (DCI) signaling. At least one of the following examples is used and set up for DCI-based indication / triggering.

[0214] In one example (I.1.7.1), S1 is divided into three subsets (S11, S12, and S13). RRC signaling sets up a subset of the first subset S1 (S11), MAC CE activation activates the other subsets of the first subset S1 (S12), and DCI signaling indicates the other subsets of the first subset S1 (S13). Details of RRC setting are given in example (I.1.1), details of MAC CE activation are given in example (I.1.2), and details of DCI signaling are given in example (I.1.3).

[0215] In one example (I.1.7.2), RRC signaling sets up a number of candidates for the first subset S1, MAC CE activation activates a subset of the number of candidates for the first subset S1, and DCI signaling indicates one from the activated subset of the number of candidates. Details of RRC setting are as in Example I.1.1, details of MAC CE activation are as in Example (I.1.2), and details of DCI signaling are as in Example (I.1.3).

[0216] In one example (I.1.8), the first subset S1 of the PMI codebook components is fixed. In one example, the first subset S1 follows one of the examples in Example I.2 of this disclosure.

[0217] In one embodiment (I.2), the first subset S1 of the PMI codebook components follows at least one of the following examples. One of the following examples can be fixed or configured (e.g., through RRC, MACCE, or DCI underlying signaling).

[0218] In one example (I.2.1), the first subset S1 of the constituent elements is M v Includes FD-based vectors. For example, M v FD base vector is base matrix W f Includes the column (see Equation 5). Set using at least one of the following examples. For example, M v FD-based vectors are orthogonal DFT vector sets {b fIt belongs to :f=0,1,...,N3-1, where

number

number

[0219] For example, the first subset of the constituent elements (S1) includes NFD-based vectors, where N ≥ M v Therefore, N=M v In this case, UE is W of the codebook f A set of components is used to acquire and assemble them. N > M v At that time, UE is the W of the codebook f From the set configured to acquire and assemble components, M v A base vector is selected, and in this case, the UE reports such a selection as part of the CSI report. When rank (number of hierarchies R) > 1, such a selection can be made for each hierarchical base, i.e., for each l hierarchy, and the UE reports W for that hierarchy. f M from the set to acquire and construct v Select or report a set of base vectors. Alternatively, when rank (number of hierarchies) > 1, such a selection only needs to be common to the hierarchy, i.e., UE is W f M from the set to acquire and construct v Select or report a set of base vectors, and the selected set is common to all hierarchies (i.e., only one set is selected).

[0220] Figure 15 illustrates an exemplary example of a window substrate intermediate base set 1500 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The exemplary embodiment of the window substrate intermediate base set 1500 illustrated in Figure 15 is for illustrative purposes only. Figure 15 does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any particular embodiment of the exemplary embodiment of the window substrate intermediate base set 1500.

[0221] One example (I.2.1.1) is shown in Figure 15, M v The FD-based vectors (included in the first subset S1) are DFT vectors, each with length N3 × 1, and belong to a set that can be parameterized as a window. For example, the index of an FD-based vector in the set is mod(M initial Given that n = 0, 1, ..., N-1, this has a shift in the module by N3, N ≥ M v Corresponding to the window base set including adjacent FD indexes, where M initial This is the starting index of the base set. Window base base set / matrix W f is M initial And it is fully parameterized by N. At least one of the following examples is W f It can be used and set to determine this.

[0222] · M initial Both N and the other two elements are fixed.

[0223] · M initial And N are all set to UE (through RRC and / or MAC CE and / or DCI).

[0224] · M initial And N are all reported by UE.

[0225] · M initial N is fixed and N is set to UE (through RRC and / or MAC CE and / or DCI).

[0226] · M initial N is fixed, and N is reported by UE.

[0227] · M initial is set to UE (through RRC and / or MAC CE and / or DCI), and N is fixed.

[0228] · M initial The value is set in the UE (through RRC and / or MAC CE and / or DCI), and N is reported by the UE.

[0229] · M initial This is reported by UE, and N is fixed.

[0230] · M initial This is reported by the UE, and N is set to the UE (through RRC and / or MAC CE and / or DCI).

[0231] For example, M initial If it is fixed, for example, M initial = 0 or M initial =N3-x can be fixed, and here

number

number

number

number

number

[0232]

number

[0233] In one example, N = M v In one example, N = aM v where a is fixed, for example, a = 2. In one example, N is set.

[0234] In one example (I.2.1.2), M v The FD basis vectors (contained in the first subset S1) are DFT vectors, each with a length of N3×1, and these can be any of the N3 DFT basis vectors. In one example, the first subset (S1) contains N FD basis vectors that are DFT vectors each with a length of N3×1, and the N FD basis vectors can be any of the N3 DFT basis vectors. Here N ≥ M v is the case.

[0235] In one example (I.2.1.2A), the first subset (S1) follows the example (I.2.1.1 (window basis) or example (I.2.1.2) (free selection)) based on conditions. The conditions follow at least one of the following examples.

[0236] · In one example, when N3 > t, the first subset (S1) follows the example (I.2.1.1) (window basis), and when N3 ≤ t, it follows the example (I.2.1.2) (free selection).

[0237] · In one example, when N3 ≥ t, the first subset (S1) follows the example (I.2.1.1) (window basis), and when N3 < t, it follows the example (I.2.1.2) (free selection).

[0238] · In one example, when N3 < t, the first subset (S1) follows the example (I.2.1.1) (window basis), and when N3 ≥ t, it follows the example (I.2.1.2) (free selection).

[0239] · In one example, when N3 ≤ t, the first subset (S1) follows the example (I.2.1.1) (window basis), and when N3 > t, it follows the example (I.2.1.2) (free selection).

[0240] Here, t is a threshold that can be fixed (e.g., t = 19), set, or reported by the UE.

[0241] In one example (I.2.1.2B), the first subset (S1) follows the example based on conditions (I.2.1.1) (window-based) or example (I.2.1.2) (free selection). The conditions follow at least one of the following examples.

[0242] · In one example, the first subset (S1) is P CSIRS > p, follows the example (I.2.1.1) (window-based), and P CSIRS ≦ p, follows the example (I.2.1.2) (free selection).

[0243] · In one example, the first subset (S1) is P CSIRS ≧ p, follows the example (I.2.1.1) (window-based), and P CSIRS < p, follows the example (I.2.1.2) (free selection).

[0244] · In one example, the first subset (S1) is P CSIRS < p, follows the example (I.2.1.1) (window-based), and P CSIRS ≧ p, follows the example (I.2.1.2) (free selection).

[0245] · In one example, the first subset (S1) is P CSIRS ≦ p, follows the example (I.2.1.1) (window-based), and P CSIRS > p, follows the example (I.2.1.2) (free selection).

[0246] Here, p is a threshold that can be fixed (e.g., p = 4), set, or reported by the UE.

[0247] In one example (I.2.1.2C), the first subset (S1) follows the example based on conditions (I.2.1.1) (window-based) or example (I.2.1.2) (free selection). The conditions follow at least one of the following examples.

[0248] · In one example, when the first subset (S1) is N3 > t or P CSIRS > p, it follows Example (I.2.1.1) (window base), otherwise (when N3 ≤ t and P CSIRS ≤ p) it follows Example (I.2.1.2) (free selection).

[0249] · In one example, when the first subset (S1) is N3 > t and P CSIRS > p, it follows Example (I.2.1.1) (window base), otherwise (when N3 ≤ t or P CSIRS ≤ p) it follows Example (I.2.1.2) (free selection).

[0250] · In one example, when the first subset (S1) is N3 ≥ t or P CSIRS > p, it follows Example (I.2.1.1) (window base), otherwise (when N3 < t and P CSIRS ≤ p) it follows Example (I.2.1.2) (free selection).

[0251] · In one example, when the first subset (S1) is N3 ≥ t and P CSIRS > p, it follows Example (I.2.1.1) (window base), otherwise (when N3 < t or P CSIRS ≤ p) it follows Example (I.2.1.2) (free selection).

[0252] · In one example, when the first subset (S1) is N3 > t or P CSIRS ≥ p, it follows Example (I.2.1.1) (window base), otherwise (when N3 ≤ t and P CSIRS < p) it follows Example (I.2.1.2) (free selection).

[0253] · In one example, when the first subset (S1) is N3 > t and P CSIRS ≥ p, it follows Example (I.2.1.1) (window base), otherwise (when N3 ≤ t or P CSIRS < p) it follows Example (I.2.1.2) (free selection).

[0254] · In one example, when the first subset (S1) is N3 ≥ t or P CSIRSWhen ≧p, follow example (I.2.1.1) (window base), otherwise (N3 < t and P CSIRS <when < p) follow example (I.2.1.2) (free selection).

[0255] · In one example, the first subset (S1) is N3 ≧ t and P CSIRS ≧p, follow example (I.2.1.1) (window base), otherwise (N3 < t or P CSIRS <when < p) follow example (I.2.1.2) (free selection).

[0256] Here, t is a threshold that can be fixed (e.g., t = 19), set, or reported by the UE. Here, p is a threshold that can be fixed (e.g., p = 4), set, or reported by the UE.

[0257] In one example (I.2.1.3), M v Since one of the FD base vectors can be fixed, M v -1 base vectors are indicated / activated / set / reported (from the window base set or freely). In one example, any fixed base vector can be a DFT vector with all 1s, i.e.,

Number

Number

[0258] · In example (I.2.1.3.1), when M v =​​​​​If >1, the first subset (S1) contains the FD-based vector and is therefore set / indicated / activated.

[0260] • In example (I.2.1.3.3), M v Regardless of the value, the first subset (S1) is set / indicated / activated.

[0261] Example (I.2.1.3A) is a variation of Example (I.2.1.3), M v If = 2, W f The FD-based vector containing the column is w f Given, f=0,1, and here

number

number

number

[0262] For example, when N=2,

number

[0263] In this case, PMI index i 1,6 (If common to all levels) or i 1,6,l (In the case of hierarchical specification)

number

[0264] For example, when N=3,

number

number

[0265] For example, when N=4,

number

number

[0266] For example, when N=5,

number

number

[0267] For example, when N=3,

number

number

number

number

number

number

[0268] For example, when N=4,

number

number

number

number

number

number

[0269] For example, when N=5,

number

number

number

number

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[0270] In this example, W f This is common to all levels (i.e., when v>1, there is one W for all levels). f In the case of common subscripts, the subscript l can be dropped (omitted / removed),

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[0271] For example (I.2.1.4), M v Since K in the FD base vector can be fixed, M v -K base vectors are indicated / activated / set. For example, one of the fixed base vectors can be any DFT vector where all are 1, i.e.,

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[0272] • Example (I.2.1.4.1), M v If = 1, the first subset (S1) does not contain any FD base vectors and therefore does not need to be set up / indicated / activated.

[0273] • In example (I.2.1.4.2), M v If >1, the first subset (S1) contains the FD-based vector and is therefore set / indicated / activated.

[0274] • In example (I.2.1.4.3), M v Regardless of the value, the first subset (S1) is set / indicated / activated.

[0275] For example (I.2.1.5), M v The FD-based vector (window-based or free-select) is common to all levels, i.e., M v The common set of FD-based vectors is set / indicated / activated for all hierarchies.

[0276] For example (I.2.1.6), M v The FD-based vector (window-based or free-select) is an intermediate set (InS) common to all hierarchies, i.e., M v A common set of FD-based vectors is set / indicated / activated for all hierarchies. For each hierarchy, M' v <M v A subset of FD-based vectors is determined / indicated / activated / configured independently of InS. At least one of the examples is used for configuration.

[0277] For example (I.2.1.6.1), InS can be set via RRC, and the FD base vector per hierarchy is further set via RRC.

[0278] For example (I.2.1.6.2), InS can be set via RRC, and the FD-based vector per hierarchy is activated via MAC CE.

[0279] • In one example (I.2.1.6.3), InS can be set via RRC, and the FD base vector per hierarchy is shown via DCI.

[0280] For example (I.2.1.6.4), InS can be activated via MAC CE, and each hierarchical FD-based vector can be further activated via MAC CE.

[0281] • In one example (I.2.1.6.5), InS can be activated via MAC CE, and the FD-based vector per hierarchy is shown via DCI.

[0282] • In one example (I.2.1.6.6), InS can be shown through DCI, and the FD-based vector per hierarchy can be further shown through DCI.

[0283] For example (I.2.1.6.7), InS can be configured / activated / indicated (see examples (I.2.1.6.1) to (I.2.1.6.6)), and the FD-based vector per hierarchy is reported by the UE.

[0284] For example (I.2.1.6A), M v The FD-based vector (window-based or free-select) is an intermediate set (InS) common to all hierarchies, i.e., M v The common set of FD-based vectors is set / indicated / activated for all hierarchies. M' v <M vA subset of FD-based vectors is determined / indicated / activated / set from InS, and this subset is hierarchically common (i.e., a single subset) across all hierarchies. At least one of the examples is used for setting.

[0285] For example (I.2.1.6A.1), InS can be set via RRC, and a subset of the FD base vector (common to the hierarchy) can be set further via RRC.

[0286] For example (I.2.1.6A.2), InS can be set via RRC, and a subset of FD-based vectors (common to the hierarchy) is activated via MAC CE.

[0287] For example (I.2.1.6A.3), InS can be set via RRC, and a subset of the FD-based vectors (common to the hierarchy) is shown via DCI.

[0288] For example (I.2.1.6A.4), InS can be activated via MAC CE, and a subset of FD-based vectors (hierarchically common) can be further activated via MAC CE.

[0289] • In one example (I.2.1.6A.5), InS can be activated via MAC CE, and a subset of FD-based vectors (hierarchically common) is shown via DCI.

[0290] For example (I.2.1.6A.6), InS can be shown through DCI, and a subset of the FD-based vectors (common to the hierarchy) can be further shown through DCI.

[0291] For example (I.2.1.6A.7), InS can be configured / activated / indicated (see examples (I.2.1.6.1) to (I.2.1.6.6)), and a subset of FD-based vectors is reported by the UE.

[0292] In one example (I.2.1.6B), the FD-based vector (window-based or free-select) is an intermediate set (InS) common to all hierarchies, i.e., M v The common set of FD-based vectors is set / indicated / activated for all hierarchies. M' v <M v A subset of FD-based vectors is determined / indicated / activated / configured from InS, and this subset is hierarchically common (i.e., a single subset) for all hierarchies when rank = 1 or 2 (v = 1 or 2), and hierarchically specific (i.e., independent / separate subsets) for each hierarchical when rank > 2 (e.g., v = 3 or 4). For example, a hierarchically common subset or a hierarchically specific subset of FD-based vectors is reported by the UE as part of a CSI report (e.g., through PMI).

[0293] In one example (I.2.1.7), the component W of the codebook f It can be turned off by gNB. For example, if you turn it off, W f It is fixed (for example, all are vector 1),

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[0294] For example, two separate parameters, W f The first parameter for turning it ON / OFF and (when it is ON) W f There is a second parameter for setting the first parameter. The first parameter is always provided. The second parameter is W f It can only be provided when it is ON. The first parameter can be set via RRC and / or MAC CE and / or DCI. The second parameter can be set via RRC and / or MAC CE and / or DCI.

[0295] • In other examples, W f The value to turn it off and W fTurn on W f There is one joint parameter that jointly provides at least one other value. The joint parameter can be set through RRC and / or MAC CE and / or DCI.

[0296] For example (I.2.1.8), W f When the window base set is determined and set (through RRC and / or MAC CE and / or DCI), component W f This is determined / set by at least one of the following examples.

[0297] For example, N=M v = 1

[0298] o For example, the window base set includes FD index=0, which further M initial It is appropriate.

[0299] o For example, the window base set is an FD index set to UE from n candidate values ​​(and further M initial (including the equivalent of)

[0300] • When n=2, the FD index is set from {0,y}, where

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[0301] Generally, the FD index is set from a set of values ​​{s × y}, where s = 0, 1, ..., n-1.

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[0302] • For example, N=2.

[0303] For example, the window base set includes FD index {0,1} or {N3-1,0}.

[0304] For example, a window base set includes FD indices {0, δ-1} and {N3, N3+δ-2}, where δ can be fixed or set.

[0305] In one embodiment (I.3), the first subset (S1) of the components is a number of base sets / matrix W f (Window-based or free choice). One of the following examples can be fixed or configured (e.g., through RRC, MACCE, or DCI-based signaling).

[0306] • In one example (I.3.1), the first subset of the components (S1) is one base set / matrix W for each SD beam. f This includes i∈{0,1,...,2L-1} or {0,1,...,L-1} or {0,1,...,P CSIRS It is -1}.

[0307] • In one example (I.3.2), the first subset of components (S1) is one base set / matrix W for each hierarchy. f This includes such that l∈{1,...,v}.

[0308] • In one example (I.3.3), the first subset (S1) of the constituent elements is one base set / matrix W for each rank v. f This includes, where v∈S rank This is the set of allowed rank values.

[0309] • In one example (I.3.4), the first subset of the constituent elements (S1) is one base set / matrix W for each hierarchy and rank pair (l,v). f This includes such that l∈{1,...,v}.

[0310] • In one example (I.3.5), the first subset (S1) of the constituent elements is one base set / matrix W for each hierarchical pair (l, l+1). fThis includes l∈{1,...,v-1}.

[0311] • In one example (I.3.6), the first subset of the constituent elements (S1) is one base set / matrix W for each subset of the hierarchy. f This includes a number of subsets of hierarchies that can be fixed or configured.

[0312] In one embodiment (I.4), the UE determines or sets a first subset (S1) of components, which includes a set of FD-based vectors, within a window of size N as described above in this disclosure. At least one of the following examples is used to set a value of N.

[0313] In one example (I.4.0), the value N is fixed at, for example, 2, 3, 4, or N=x, where x is the maximum allowed rank value (e.g., through the RI limit) or N=max(2,x).

[0314] In one example (I.4.1), the value N is determined / set from a set of values ​​such as {2,4}, {2,3}, or {2,3,4}.

[0315] For example, the setting is done explicitly (based on individual or joint parameters that provide the value of N) or implicitly (based on RRC parameters that provide the values ​​of the parameters that determine the value of N) through RRC.

[0316] For example, settings are made via MAC CE either explicitly (based on individual or joint MAC CE activation commands that provide a value for N) or implicitly (based on MAC CE commands that provide a value for N).

[0317] For example, the setting is done either explicitly (based on individual or joint fields where the code point provides the value of N) or through DCI (based on fields that provide the value of a parameter that determines the value of N).

[0318] In one example (I.4.2), the value N is N = min(g, N c ) was determined as, and here g=N SB Alternatively, g = N3 = R × N SB And N SB = The number of SBs set up for CSI reporting (e.g., CQI and / or PMI reporting), N c This is a value set from, for example, the set of values ​​{2,4}, {2,3}, or {2,3,4}. c It is set by at least one of the following examples.

[0319] For example, the setting is done explicitly (based on individual or joint parameters that provide the value of N) or implicitly (based on RRC parameters that provide the values ​​of the parameters that determine the value of N) through RRC.

[0320] For example, settings are made via MAC CE either explicitly (based on individual or joint MAC CE activation commands that provide a value for N) or implicitly (based on MAC CE commands that provide a value for N).

[0321] For example, the setting is done either explicitly (based on individual or joint fields where the code point provides the value of N) or through DCI (based on fields that provide the value of a parameter that determines the value of N).

[0322] In one example (I.4.3), the value N is determined / set based on the rank value.

[0323] • In example (I.4.3.1), when rank = 1, N is fixed at N = n (and therefore not set); when rank > 1 (e.g., 2, 3, or 4), N ≥ n. In one example, n = 2 is fixed or set. When rank > 1 (e.g., 2, 3, or 4), the value of N is fixed (e.g., N = 3 or 4) (e.g., from 2, 3, or 4).

[0324] • In example (I.4.3.1A), when rank is 1 or 2, N is fixed at N=n; when rank > 2 (e.g., 3 or 4), N≧n. In one example, n=2 is fixed or set. When rank > 2 (e.g., 3 or 4), the value of N is fixed or can be set (e.g., N=3 or 4) (e.g., from 2, 3 or 4).

[0325] In example (I.4.3.2), the higher-level rank restriction parameter (e.g., RI-restriction-r17) sets the set of allowed rank values ​​S for the UE. If S{1}, i.e., only rank 1 is allowed, then N=n is fixed (and therefore not set); otherwise (if S contains rank values ​​greater than 1), i.e., if at least one of the allowed rank values ​​contains a value > 1, then N>n. In one example, N=2 is fixed or set. When rank > 1, the value of n=2 is fixed or can be set (e.g., N=3 or 4) (e.g., from {3,4}).

[0326] In example (I.4.3.3), the higher-level rank restriction parameter (e.g., RI-restriction-r17) sets the set of allowed rank values ​​S for the UE. If S{1}, i.e., only rank 1 is allowed, then N=n is fixed (and therefore not set); otherwise (if S contains rank values ​​greater than 1), i.e., if at least one of the allowed rank values ​​contains a value > 1, then N≧n. In one example, n=2 is fixed or set. When rank > 1, the value of N is fixed or can be set (e.g., N=2 or 3 or 4) (e.g., from {2,3} or {3,4} or {2,3,4}).

[0327] In example (I.4.3.4), the higher-level rank restriction parameter (e.g., RI-restriction-r17) sets the set of allowed rank values ​​S for the UE. If S is {1,2}, i.e., only ranks 1-2 are allowed, then N=n is fixed (and therefore not set); otherwise (if S contains rank values ​​greater than 2), i.e., if at least one of the allowed rank values ​​is >2, then N>n. In one example, n=2 is fixed or set. When rank > 2, the value of N is fixed or can be set (e.g., N=3 or 4) (e.g., from {3,4}).

[0328] In example (I.4.3.5), the higher-level rank restriction parameter (e.g., RI-restriction-r17) sets the set of allowed rank values ​​S for the UE. If S is {1,2}, i.e., only ranks 1-2 are allowed, then N=n is fixed (and therefore not set); otherwise (if S contains rank values ​​greater than 2), i.e., if at least one of the allowed rank values ​​contains a value > 2, then N≧n. In one example, n=2 is fixed or set. When rank > 2, the value of N is fixed or can be set (e.g., n=2 or 3 or 4) (e.g., from {2,3} or {3,4} or {2,3,4}).

[0329] In the example above, the value of n (if set) and / or the value of N (if set) are set by at least one of the following examples.

[0330] For example, the setting is done explicitly (based on individual or joint parameters that provide the value of N) or implicitly (based on RRC parameters that provide the values ​​of the parameters that determine the value of N) through RRC.

[0331] For example, settings are made via MAC CE either explicitly (based on individual or joint MAC CE activation commands that provide a value for N) or implicitly (based on MAC CE commands that provide a value for N).

[0332] For example, the setting is done either explicitly (based on individual or joint fields where the code point provides the value of N) or through DCI (based on fields that provide the value of a parameter that determines the value of N).

[0333] For example, the capability report may include preferred values ​​for n and / or N, and the setting of n and / or N is subject to the UE capability report.

[0334] For example, the above examples (I.4.0) through (I.4.3) are set to W f The number of columns in the matrix is ​​M. v This is done so that >1, where M v >1 is a single (fixed) value M v =2 or can correspond to a value set from, for example, {2,3} or {2,4}. In this case, M v When =1 is set, the above examples (I.4.0) through (I.4.3) do not apply, and therefore the window base set for the FD-based vector is not requested / set.

[0335] For example, the above examples (I.4.0) to (I.4.3) are M v Regardless of the value (which is fixed or set), for example, M v = 1 or M v >1 (For example, M v This applies regardless of the following: v If =1 is set, the value of N is fixed, for example, N=1.

[0336] In one embodiment (II.1), when a CSI report is configured in the UE based on a subset of PMI components (S1) to be configured (or activated / indicated) and a subset of PMI components (S2) to be reported, as described in this disclosure, the UE is configured or expected to calculate / report the CSI parameters by at least one of the following examples:

[0337] In one example (II.1.1), if both a layer indicator (LI) indicating a single layer from multiple layers (for example, when rank > 1) and a CRI indicating the CSI-RS resource index can be reported, for example, if the higher layer parameter reportQuantity is set to “cri-RI-LI-PMI-CQI”, the UE must calculate the CSI parameters (if reported) assuming the following dependencies between the CSI parameters (if reported).

[0338] • LI must be calculated based on the reported CQI, PMI component (S2), RI and CRI, and the set (or activated / indicated) PMI component (S1).

[0339] • CQI must be calculated using the reported PMI components (S2), RI and CRI, and the set (or activated / indicated) PMI components (S1).

[0340] • The reported PMI component (S2) must be calculated using the configured (or activated / indicated) PMI component (S1) and the reported RI and CRI.

[0341] • The RI must be calculated based on the reported CRI.

[0342] For example (II.1.2), if CRI is not reported but LI can be reported, for example, if the higher-level parameter reportQuantity is set to “RI-LI-PMI-CQI”, the UE must calculate the CSI parameters (if reported) assuming the following dependencies between the CSI parameters (if reported).

[0343] • LI must be calculated using the reported CQI, PMI component (S2) and R1, and the set (or activated / indicated) PMI component (S1).

[0344] • CQI must be calculated using the reported PMI components (S2) and RI, and the set (or activated / indicated) PMI components (S1).

[0345] • The reported PMI component (S2) must be calculated using the configured (or activated / indicated) PMI component (S1) and the reported RI.

[0346] For example (II.1.3), if LI is not reported but CRI can be reported, for example, if the higher-level parameter reportQuantity is set to “cri-RI-PMI-CQI”, the UE must calculate the CSI parameters (if reported) assuming the following dependencies between the CSI parameters (if reported).

[0347] • CQI must be calculated using the reported PMI components (S2), RI and CRI, and the set (or activated / indicated) PMI components (S1).

[0348] • The reported PMI component (S2) must be calculated using the configured (or activated / indicated) PMI component (S1) and the reported RI and CRI.

[0349] • The RI must be calculated based on the reported CRI.

[0350] For example (II.1.4), if LI and CRI are not reported, for example, if the higher-level parameter reportQuantity is set to “RI-PMI-CQI”, the UE must calculate the CSI parameters (if reported) by assuming the following dependencies between the CSI parameters (if reported).

[0351] • CQI must be calculated using the reported PMI components (S2) and RI, and the set (or activated / indicated) PMI components (S1).

[0352] • The reported PMI component (S2) must be calculated using the configured (or activated / indicated) PMI component (S1) and the reported RI.

[0353] In one embodiment (III), UE has a component W for FD-based selection (as described in embodiments A.1 and A.2). f The higher-level parameter codebookType is set to “typeII-PortSelection-r17” for CSI reporting based on the new (Rel. 17) Type II port selection codebook. When the UE is allowed to report rank (number of levels) v≧1 (e.g., through the higher-level parameter rank limit), the component W f Details regarding this matter follow at least one of the following embodiments.

[0354] In one embodiment (III.1), W f The FD-based vectors, including the columns of the matrix, are limited / restricted / determined within a single window of size N set in UE, where the FD-based vectors within the window must be continuous from the orthogonal DFT matrix. In particular, for rank v, M v FD base vector is base matrix W f (See Equation 5) Includes a column and is selected / determined from the set window / orthogonal DFT vector set. For example, the orthogonal DFT vector is the entire set of DFT vectors {b f :f=0,1,...,N3-1}, where

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[0355] For example, a window can be parameterized as a window. For instance, the index of an FD base vector in a set can be mod(M initial +n,N3), given n=0,1,...,N-1, which corresponds to a window base set containing N adjacent FD indices with a shift by module N3, where M initial This is the starting index of the base set. An example is illustrated in Figure 15. The window base set is M initial Note that it is fully parameterized by N. At least one of the following examples is W f It can be used and set to determine this.

[0356] · M initial Both N and the other two elements are fixed.

[0357] · M initial And N are all set to UE (through RRC and / or MAC CE and / or DCI).

[0358] · M initial And N are all reported by UE.

[0359] · M initial N is fixed and N is set to UE (through RRC and / or MAC CE and / or DCI).

[0360] · M initial N is fixed, and N is reported by UE.

[0361] · M initial is set to UE (through RRC and / or MAC CE and / or DCI), and N is fixed.

[0362] · M initialThe value is set in the UE (through RRC and / or MAC CE and / or DCI), and N is reported by the UE.

[0363] · M initial This is reported by UE, and N is fixed.

[0364] · M initial This is reported by the UE, and N is set to the UE (through RRC and / or MAC CE and / or DCI).

[0365] From one example, M initial If it is fixed, for example, M initial = 0 or M initial =N3-x can be fixed, and here

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[0366]

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[0367] For example, N=M v For example, N=aM vHere, a is fixed, for example, a=2. In one example, N is set.

[0368] The window size N is N ≥ M v Make it so that N=M v At that time, UE was codebook W f Using a window / set configured to acquire and configure the components of W f No report is required from UE regarding this. N>M v At that time, UE was codebook W f M from the window / set set to acquire and configure the components v Select the base vector, in this case the UE will make such a selection (for example, if such a report is hierarchically common, PMI component i 1,6 If such a report is hierarchically specific, i 1,6,l (Through this) it will be reported as part of the CSI report.

[0369] When N=N3, the window contains all N3 orthogonal DFT vectors, so M v Note that the FD-based vector is one of the N3DFT-based vectors.

[0370] In one embodiment (III.2), when the UE is allowed to report a rank (or number of hierarchies) value v>1 (for example, when the higher hierarchical parameter rank restriction allows rank>1 CSI reporting), component W f M v The FD base vector is determined and reported by at least one of the following examples. If a majority of the following examples are supported, one of the supported examples can be set to UE (e.g., through RRC and / or MAC CE and / or DCI). Such a setting may be subject to UE capability reporting for rank > 1 CSI reporting.

[0371] • For example (III.2.1), M v The FD-based vector is common (same) for all hierarchy l ∈ {1, ..., v}, i.e., Mv Only one set of FD-based vectors is determined and reported by the UE, regardless of the rank v value.

[0372] • For example (III.2.2), M v The FD base vector is common (the same) for all hierarchical pairs (l,l+1), where l∈{1,3,...,v-1}, that is, M v A set of FD-based vectors is determined and reported by the UE for each hierarchy pair, such as (1,2), (3,4), etc.

[0373] When o v-2, M v A set of FD-based vectors is determined and reported by the UE.

[0374] When ov=3, M v A set of FD-based vectors is determined and reported by UE for a hierarchy pair (1,2), and other M v The FD-based vector set is determined and reported by the UE for hierarchy 3.

[0375] When ov=4, M v A set of FD-based vectors is determined and reported by UE for a hierarchy pair (1,2), and other M v The FD-based vector set is determined and reported by the UE for each pair of hierarchies (3,4).

[0376] • For example (III.2.3), M v The FD base vector is common (the same) for each subset of the hierarchy. There may be multiple subsets of the hierarchy that can be fixed or set.

[0377] • For example (III.2.4), M v FD-based vectors are independent (separate) for all hierarchies, i.e., M v A set of FD-based vectors is determined and reported by the UE for each hierarchy l=1,...,v.

[0378] • For example (III.2.5), M v The FD-based vector follows Example III.2.1 or Example III.2.4 (or Example III.2.2) depending on the configuration (e.g., RRC and / or MAC CE and / or DCI).

[0379] • For example (III.2.6), M v The FD-based vector follows Example III.2.1 or Example III.2.4 (or Example III.2.2) depending on the conditions. At least one of the following examples is used for the conditions.

[0380] o As an example, the condition is the number of ports P CSIRS Based on this, for example, Example III.2.1 is P CSIRS >Used when t, example III.2.4 is P CSIRS It is used when ≤ t, where t can be fixed or set (for example, 4 or 8).

[0381] o For example, the condition is M v Based on this, for example, Example III.2.1 is M v >Used when t, for example III.2.4 is M v This is used when ≤ t, where t can be fixed (for example, 2) or set.

[0382] For example, the condition is based on the maximum rank value; for instance, Example III.2.1 is used when maximum rank > t, and Example III.2.4 is used when maximum rank ≤ t, where t can be fixed (for example, 2) or set.

[0383] For example, the conditions are based on rank values; for instance, Example III.2.1 is used when rank > t, and Example III.2.4 is used when rank ≤ t, where t can be fixed (for example, 2) or set.

[0384] In one embodiment (III.3), at least one of the following examples is Mv It is used and set in relation to the value.

[0385] • For example (III.3.1), M v The value may be the same for all rank values ​​and all hierarchy levels l=1,...,v, that is, for all values ​​of v and l, M v =M

[0386] • For example (III.3.2), M v The value may be the same for rank v=1,2 and all hierarchy l=1,...,v, that is, M for v=1,2 and all l. v =M 1 And M v The value may be the same for rank v=3,4 and all hierarchy l=1,...,v, that is, M for v=3,4 and all l. v =M 2 However; M 1 ≠M 2 For example, M 1 ≧M 2 That is the case.

[0387] • For example (III.3.3), M v The value can be different for different rank values, but it is common (the same) for all levels of a given rank v.

[0388] • For example (III.3.4), M v The value may be the same for hierarchies l=1,2 and all ranks v≧2, that is, M for l=1,2 and all v≧2. v =M 1 And M v The value may be the same for hierarchies v=3,4 and all ranks v≧2, that is, for l=3,4 and all ranks v≧2, M v =M 2 However; M 1 ≠M 2 For example, M 1 ≧M 2 That is the case.

[0389] In one embodiment (III.4), M v Since one of the FD base vectors can be fixed, M v -1 base vectors are indicated / activated / set / reported (from the window base set or freely). For example, a fixed base vector is a DFT vector where all are 1, i.e., index n3=0 or

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[0390] • For example (III.4.1), M v If = 1, no configuration / indication / activation and / or reporting is required from the UE.

[0391] • For example (III.4.2), M v >1 If it is, go to Settings / Indication / Activate (Window for Wf) and / or (N>M v (at that time) from UE (M v A report (of the -1 base vector) is required.

[0392] • For example (III.4.3), M v Regardless of the value, there are reports from settings / indications / activations (window for Wf) and / or UE.

[0393] In one embodiment (III.5), which is a variation of embodiment (III.4), M v If = 2, W f The FD-based vector containing the column is w f Given, f=0,1, and here

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[0394] For example, when N=2,

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[0395] For example, when N=3,

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[0396] For example, when N=4,

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[0397] For example, when N=5,

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[0398] For example, when N=3,

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[0399] For example, when N=4,

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[0400] For example, when N=5,

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number

number

[0401] In this example, W f This is common to all levels (i.e., when v>1, one W for all levels). f In the case of common elements, the subscript l can be dropped (omitted / removed),

number

number

[0402] For example (III.5.0), M vIf = 2, then UE can be set to a window of size N, where N is fixed to, for example, 2, 3, 4, or 5. init If it is further fixed (for example, to 0), the window setting is value M v It is acceptable for the setting to be implicit through =2, or explicit through higher-level parameters.

[0403] In one example (III.5.1), M v If = 2, then UE can be set to a window of size N, where a single N value is set for all rank values ​​(common), and N takes its value from {2, x}.

[0404] • In one example, the value x is fixed at 3.

[0405] For example, the value x is fixed at 4.

[0406] • In one example, the value x is fixed at 5.

[0407] For example, the value x is {3,4}.

[0408] For example, the value x is {3, 5}.

[0409] For example, the value x is {4, 5}.

[0410] For example, the value x is {3, 4, 5}.

[0411] In one example (III.5.2), M v When = 2, a window of size N can be set in the UE, where two N values ​​(a, b) are set, and a and b can be the same or different, taking values ​​from {2, x}.

[0412] • In one example, the value x is fixed at 3.

[0413] For example, the value x is fixed at 4.

[0414] • In one example, the value x is fixed at 5.

[0415] For example, the value x is {3,4}.

[0416] For example, the value x is {3, 5}.

[0417] For example, the value x is {4, 5}.

[0418] For example, the value x is {3, 4, 5}.

[0419] In one example (III.5.3), M v When = 2, a window of size N can be set in the UE, where two N values ​​(a, b) are set, a takes a value from {2, x} and b takes a value from {2, y}, and the values ​​x and y are different.

[0420] For example, x=3 and y=4.

[0421] For example, x=3 and y=5.

[0422] For example, x=4 and y=5.

[0423] For example, x=4 and y=3.

[0424] For example, x=5 and y=3.

[0425] For example, x=5 and y=4.

[0426] For example, x = {3, 4} and y = 5.

[0427] For example, x = {4, 5} and y = 3.

[0428] For example, x = {3, 5} and y = 4.

[0429] For example, y={3,4} and x=5.

[0430] For example, y={4,5} and x=3.

[0431] For example, y={3,5} and x=4.

[0432] For example (III.5.4), M v If = 2, then a window of size N can be set in the UE, where there are two N values ​​(a, b), where a is set and b is determined based on the set value, where a takes a value from {2, x}, and the values ​​x and y can be the same or different. For example, b = a + 1. For example, b = min(a + 1, k), where k can be fixed, for example k = 5. For example, b = a - 1. For example, b = min(a - 1, k), where k can be fixed, for example k = 3.

[0433] • In one example, the value x is fixed at 3.

[0434] • In one example, the value x is fixed at 4.

[0435] • In one example, the value x is fixed at 5.

[0436] For example, the value x is {3,4}.

[0437] For example, the value x is {3, 5}.

[0438] For example, the value x is {4, 5}.

[0439] For example, the value x is {3, 4, 5}.

[0440] In one example (III.5.5), the details for (a,b) as described in Examples III.5.2 and III.5.3 follow at least one of the following examples.

[0441] For example, 'a' refers to rank 1, and 'b' refers to ranks 2-4.

[0442] For example, 'a' refers to ranks 1-2, and 'b' refers to ranks 3-4.

[0443] For example, 'a' refers to ranks 1-3, and 'b' refers to rank 4.

[0444] For example, 'a' refers to level 1, and 'b' refers to levels 2-4.

[0445] For example, 'a' refers to levels 1-2, and 'b' refers to levels 3-4.

[0446] For example, 'a' refers to levels 1-3, and 'b' refers to level 4.

[0447] For example, a single N value (see Example III.5.1) is set when the maximum allowed rank is 1 or 1-2 or v≦t (e.g., through a higher hierarchical rank restriction), where t is a fixed / set threshold; two N values ​​(see Examples III.5.2 to III.5.4) are set separately.

[0448] In one embodiment (III.6), the UE reports UE capability information that includes information on the values ​​of N that the UE supports. The setting for N is subject to UE capability reporting.

[0449] For example, the support for N=2 is M v Support for =2 is mandatory for UEs, and support for any is optional, thus requiring additional capability signaling from the UE, which is a separate capability or other capability signaling (e.g., M v = 2 or M vIt is sufficient if it is part of the ability signaling for support of rank >1 or ability signaling for support of rank 3-4. When UE reports support for any N>2, UE can be set to a value of N (window size) that is 2 or a value >2 that is supported by UE. If UE reports nothing for support for any N>2 or only reports support for N=2, UE can be set to a value of N (window size) that is the same as 2.

[0450] Any of the embodiments described above can be used independently or in combination with at least one other embodiment.

[0451] Figure 16 illustrates a flowchart of Method 1600 for operating a User Equipment (UE) as can be done by a UE such as UE116 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiments of Method 1600 illustrated in Figure 16 are for illustrative purposes only. Figure 18 does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any particular embodiment.

[0452] As illustrated in Figure 16, method 1600 is disclosed in step 1602. In step 1602, the UE (e.g., 111-116 as illustrated in Figure 1) provides information regarding the channel status information (CSI) report - this information is two numbers N and M relative to the base vector v Includes information on N≧M v - received; index M init Index M that starts at init Identify N continuous base vectors with i=0,1,...,N-1 such that N continuous base vectors belong to the set of N3 base vectors and N≦N3.

[0453] In stage 1604, UE is M v Determine the base vector, where N=M v At that time, M v Base vectors = N consecutive base vectors, where N > M v At that time, M vThe base vector is selected from N consecutive base vectors.

[0454] At stage 1606, UE is M v Based on the base vector, the CSI report is determined, N>M v At that time, the CSI report selected M v Includes indicators that provide information about the base vector.

[0455] At stage 1608, UE is N > M v The M selected at that time v Send a CSI report that includes indicators showing information about the base vector.

[0456] In one embodiment, M init = 0

[0457] In one embodiment, N > M v At that time, M v One of the base vectors is fixed, corresponding to index i=0, and the selected M v Information about the base vector remains M v Corresponding to the -1 base vector, the indicator is M of the remaining N-1 base vectors with indices i=1,...,N-1. v -1 indicates for reporting

number

number

[0458] In one embodiment, M v If = 2, N is set through higher-level signaling from {2, x}, where x is a value greater than 2. If N=x, the indicator shows the second base vector out of the remaining N-1 base vectors for reporting.

number

number

[0459] In one embodiment, when x=4 and N=x, the indicator shows the second base vector among the remaining three base vectors with indices i=1,2,3, and includes 2 bits for reporting.

[0460] In one embodiment, N > M v Therefore, if the CSI report corresponds to a multi-layered structure, the selected M v The base vector is common to all levels.

[0461] In one embodiment, the set of N3 base vectors is an orthogonal DFT vector.

number

[0462] In one embodiment, N = min(N3, K), where K is set through information.

[0463] Figure 17 illustrates a flowchart of another method 1700 that can be carried out by a base station (BS) such as BS102 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of method 1700 illustrated in Figure 17 is for illustrative purposes only. Figure 17 does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any particular embodiment.

[0464] As illustrated in Figure 17, Method 1700 is disclosed in step 1702. In step 1702, the BS (e.g., 101-103 as illustrated in Figure 1) generates information regarding the channel status information (CSI) report, which is two numbers, N and M, relative to the base vector. v This includes information about N≧M v That is the case.

[0465] At stage 1704, BS transmits information.

[0466] At stage 1706, BS received a CSI report, and here: The CSI report is M v Based on the base vector, the N-sequence base vector is index M init Index M that starts at init The base vectors are identified by +i, i=0,1,...,N-1, and N consecutive base vectors belong to the set of N3 base vectors, where N≦M v Therefore, N=M v At that time, M v Base vectors = N consecutive base vectors, where N > M v At that time, M v The base vector is selected from N consecutive base vectors, and the CSI report is N > M v The M selected at that time v Includes indicators that provide information about the base vector.

[0467] In one embodiment, M init = 0

[0468] In one embodiment, N > M v At that time, M v One of the base vectors is fixed, corresponding to index i=0, and the selected M v Information about the base vector remains M v Corresponding to the -1 base vector, the indicator has indices i=0,1,...,N-1 in the remaining N-1 base vectors M v -1 indicates for reporting

number

number

[0469] In one embodiment, M vIf = 2, N is set through higher-level signaling from {2, x}, where x is a value greater than 2. If N=x, the indicator shows the second base vector out of the remaining N-1 base vectors for reporting.

number

number

[0470] In one embodiment, when x=4 and N=x, the indicator shows the second base vector among the remaining three base vectors with indices i=1,2,3, and includes 2 bits for reporting.

[0471] In one embodiment, N > M v Therefore, if the CSI report corresponds to a multi-layered structure, the selected M v The base vector is common to all levels.

[0472] In one embodiment, the set of N3 base vectors is an orthogonal DFT vector.

number

[0473] In one embodiment, N = min(N3, K), where K is set through information.

[0474] The flowchart described above illustrates exemplary methods that can be embodied by the principles of this disclosure, and various modifications can be made to the methods illustrated in the flowcharts herein. For example, although illustrated as a series of steps, the various steps in each drawing can overlap, occur in parallel, occur in different procedures, or occur multiple times. In other examples, steps can be omitted or replaced with other steps.

[0475] Although this disclosure is illustrated in exemplary embodiments, a variety of changes and modifications can be presented to a person of the ordinary skill. This disclosure is intended to include such changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Nothing described in this application should be construed to imply that any particular element, stage, or function is an essential element that must be included in the claims. The scope of the patented subject matter is defined by the claims. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0476] 100 Wireless Networks 102 Base station (gNB) 116 User device 120 coverage areas 125 coverage areas 130 Networks 205 Numerous antennas 210 Transmitter / Receiver 215 Transmit (TX) Processing Circuit 220 Receive (RX) processing circuit 225 processors 230 memory 235 Network Interfaces 305 Antenna 310 Transmitter / Receiver 315 Processing Circuit 320 Microphones 325 Processing Circuit 330 speakers 340 processors 345 Input / Output (I / O) Interface (IF) 350 touchscreen 355 displays 360 memory 362 applications 400 Transmission Path Circuit 405 Channel coding and modulation block 410 Series vs. Parallel Blocks 415 Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) block 420 Parallel vs. Series Blocks 425 Cyclic prefix added block 430 Up Converter 450 Receiving Path Circuit 455 Down Converter 460 Cyclic prefix removal block 465 Series vs. Parallel Blocks 470 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Block 475 Parallel vs. Series Blocks 480-channel decoding and demodulation block 500 Transmitter Block Diagram 510 information bits 520 Encoders 530 Modulator 540 Series-to-Parallel (S / P) Converter 550 Mapper 570 Parallel-to-Series (P / S) Converter 580 filters 590 Send 600 Receiver Block Diagram 610 Received signal 620 filter 635 Selector 640 units 650 Parallel to Series Converter 660 Demodulator 670 Decoder 680 information data bits 700 Transmitter Block Diagram 710 information data bits 720 Encoder 730 Modulator 740 Discrete Fourier Transform Unit 755 Selection Unit 760 units 770 Filtering is a filter 780 Send 800 Receiver Block Diagram 810 Received signal 820 filter 830 units 845 Selector 850 units 860 Demodulator 870 Decoder 880 information data bits 900 antenna block or array 1000 Antenna Port Layout 1100 3D grid 1200 Port Selection Codebook 1500 Window Base Intermediate Base Set

Claims

1. In a communication system terminal (UE), Transmitter / receiver unit, Information regarding a CSI (channel state information) report, including information related to a first parameter N and information related to a second parameter M, is received from the base station via higher-level signaling, where N ≥ M, the second parameter M is the number of vectors identified based on an indicator related to a PMI (precoding matrix indicator), and the first parameter N is a value for determining the window size associated with the M vectors. Includes a control unit configured to transmit the CSI report to the base station based on the information relating to the CSI report, When M=2 and N=4, the CSI report includes indicators related to the M vectors, The aforementioned indicator is for reporting purposes. [Math 1] It includes a number of bits, here [Math 2] A terminal characterized by being a ceiling function.

2. When M=2 and N=4, M=2 vectors are indicated by the indicator. [Math 3] The terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that it is identified based on the above.

3. When M=2, N is determined from {2, 4} based on the information from the CSI report via the above-level signaling. In the case of N=4, [Math 4] It is 0, [Math 5] The terminal according to claim 2, characterized in that it depends on the indicator.

4. When M=2 and N=4, the index values ​​0, 1, and 2 of the indicator are, respectively [Math 6] The terminal according to claim 3, characterized in that it instructs the value of to be 1, 2, or 3.

5. The terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, when the CSI report corresponds to multiple layers, the M vectors are common to all layers.

6. The aforementioned M vectors are f = 0, ..., M-1 [Number 7] This includes, here [Number 8] And, [Number 9] The terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that for f = 0, ..., M-1, corresponds to the index of the M vectors.

7. The indices of the M vectors are {0, 1, ... min(N)}. ３ It is determined from {K)-1}, where K is a value set from {2,4}, and N ３ The terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that is the total number of precoding matrices.

8. At a base station of a communication system, Transmitter / receiver unit, Information regarding a CSI (channel state information) report is generated, including information related to a first parameter N and information related to a second parameter M, where N ≥ M, the second parameter M is the number of vectors identified based on indicators related to a PMI (precoding matrix indicator), and the first parameter N is a value for determining the window size related to the M vectors. The information relating to the CSI report is transmitted to the terminal (UE) via higher-level signaling. The set includes a control unit configured to receive the CSI report from the terminal, The CSI report is based on the information contained in the CSI report, When M=2 and N=4, the CSI report includes indicators related to the M vectors, The aforementioned indicator is for reporting purposes. [Number 10] It includes a number of bits, here [Math 11] A base station characterized by having a ceiling function.

9. When M=2 and N=4, M=2 vectors are indicated by the indicator. [Math 12] The base station according to claim 8, characterized in that it is identified based on the above.

10. When M=2, N is determined from {2, 4} based on the information from the CSI report through the above-level signaling. In the case of N=4, [Number 13] It is 0, [Number 14] The base station according to claim 9, characterized in that it depends on the indicator.

11. When M=2 and N=4, the index values ​​0, 1, and 2 of the indicator are, respectively [Number 15] The base station according to claim 10, characterized in that it instructs the value of to be 1, 2, or 3.

12. The aforementioned M vectors are f = 0, ..., M-1 [Number 16] This includes, here [Number 17] And, [Number 18] The base station according to claim 8, characterized in that f = 0, ..., M-1 corresponds to the index of the M vectors.

13. The indices of the M vectors are {0, 1, ... min(N)}. ３ It is determined from {K)-1}, where K is a value set from {2, 4}, and N ３ The base station according to claim 8, characterized in that is the total number of precoding matrices.

14. In a method performed by a terminal (UE) of a communication system, The steps include receiving information regarding a CSI (channel state information) report from a base station via higher-level signaling, where N ≥ M, the second parameter M is the number of vectors identified based on an indicator associated with a PMI (precoding matrix indicator), and the first parameter N is a value for determining the window size associated with the M vectors. The step of transmitting the CSI report to the base station based on the information relating to the CSI report, When M=2 and N=4, the CSI report includes indicators related to the M vectors, The aforementioned indicator is for reporting purposes. [Number 19] It includes a number of bits, here [Number 20] A method characterized by being a ceiling function.

15. In a method performed by a base station of a communication system, A step of generating information for a CSI (channel state information) report, which includes information related to a first parameter N and information related to a second parameter M, where N ≥ M, the second parameter M is the number of vectors identified based on an indicator related to a PMI (precoding matrix indicator), and the first parameter N is a value for determining the window size related to the M vectors. The steps include transmitting information regarding the CSI report to the terminal (UE) via higher-level signaling, The step includes receiving the CSI report from the terminal, The CSI report is based on the information contained in the CSI report, When M=2 and N=4, the CSI report includes indicators related to the M vectors, The aforementioned indicator is for reporting purposes. [Math 21] It includes a number of bits, here [Number 22] A method characterized by the fact that it is a ceiling function.

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