Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by hybrid-reconfigurable intelligent surfaces in high-speed movement scenarios
By employing hybrid-reconfigurable intelligent surfaces to measure and compensate for Doppler effects on relay links in wireless communications systems, the challenges of Doppler-induced interference and resource waste are addressed, enhancing communication accuracy and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/118706
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-20
AI Technical Summary
In wireless communications systems, high-speed movement of user equipment (UEs) leads to Doppler effects on relay links, which can interfere with direct links, reducing channel state information accuracy and causing scheduling errors and radio resource waste.
The implementation of hybrid-reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (H-RISs) that measure and compensate for Doppler effects on relay links by performing Doppler frequency measurements based on reference signals and applying appropriate time-domain rotation coefficients.
This approach effectively mitigates the impact of Doppler effects on relay links, improving channel state information accuracy, reducing scheduling errors, and optimizing radio resource utilization.
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Figure CN2023118706_20032025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
[Rectified under Rule 91, 10.10.2023]DOPPLER FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT AND COMPENSATION BY HYBRID-RECONFIGURABLE INTELLIGENT SURFACES IN HIGH-SPEED MOVEMENT SCENARIOS
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The following relates to wireless communications, including Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by hybrid-reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (H-RIS) in high-speed movement scenarios.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .
[0004] In some wireless communications systems, wireless devices (e.g., network entities, UEs) may communicate via hybrid-reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (H-RIS) , where the H-RIS may relay the signals between the entities. Additionally, signaling transmitted or received by UEs moving at relatively higher speeds may experience a Doppler effect (e.g., signaling may be impacted by a Doppler frequency) .SUMMARY
[0005] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by hybrid-reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (H-RISs) in high-speed movement scenarios. For example, the described techniques may provide for a network entity to transmit a reference signal (RS) or configure a UE to transmit (e.g., relay) a RS via a link that includes a H-RIS (e.g., a relay link) over a RS resource, and may configure the H-RIS to measure the Doppler effect (e.g., perform a Doppler measurement) on the relay link based on the RS and the RS resource. The H-RIS may then compensate for the Doppler effect on the relay link based on the Doppler measurement. For example, the network entity may schedule communication via the H-RIS, and may indicate (e.g., via control signaling) a particular RS resource to the H-RIS. The indication of the RS resource may indicate that, for the scheduled communications, the H-RIS is to compensate for the Doppler frequency on the relay link between the network entity and the UE according to the previously measured Doppler effect for the indicated RS resource. In some cases, the network entity may indicate other RS resources to the H-RIS and to other UEs in the wireless communications system, and the H-RIS may measure and compensate for Doppler effects on multiple relay links corresponding to the other UEs and the other RS resources.
[0006] A method for wireless communications by a H-RIS is described. The method may include receiving, from a network entity, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource for receiving at least a first RS from a first UE, receiving, from the first UE, the first RS via the at least one RS resource, and relaying first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE in accordance with a first Doppler measurement corresponding to the at least one RS resource and the first RS.
[0007] A H-RIS for wireless communications is described. The H-RIS may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the H-RIS to receive, from a network entity, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource for receiving at least a first RS from a first UE, receive, from the first UE, the first RS via the at least one RS resource, and relay first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE in accordance with a first Doppler measurement corresponding to the at least one RS resource and the first RS.
[0008] Another H-RIS for wireless communications is described. The H-RIS may include means for receiving, from a network entity, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource for receiving at least a first RS from a first UE, means for receiving, from the first UE, the first RS via the at least one RS resource, and means for relaying first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE in accordance with a first Doppler measurement corresponding to the at least one RS resource and the first RS.
[0009] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to receive, from a network entity, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource for receiving at least a first RS from a first UE, receive, from the first UE, the first RS via the at least one RS resource, and relay first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE in accordance with a first Doppler measurement corresponding to the at least one RS resource and the first RS.
[0010] Some examples of the method, H-RISs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the network entity, second control signaling including a RS resource index corresponding to the at least one RS resource of a set of multiple RS resources for the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE and selecting a Doppler compensation value corresponding to the first Doppler measurement based on the RS resource index where relaying the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE may be based on the Doppler compensation value.
[0011] Some examples of the method, H-RISs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, via the first control signaling, an indication of a second RS resource for receiving at least a second RS from a second UE, receiving, from the second UE, the second RS via the second RS resource, and relaying second wireless signaling between the network entity and the second UE in accordance with a second Doppler measurement corresponding to the second RS resource and the second RS.
[0012] Some examples of the method, H-RISs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a control message indicating a first portion of the H-RIS and a second portion of the H-RIS, where relaying the first wireless signaling includes relaying the first wireless signaling via the first portion of the H-RIS, and where relaying the second wireless signaling includes relaying the second wireless signaling via the second portion of the H-RIS.
[0013] Some examples of the method, H-RISs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the network entity, second control signaling triggering a report by the H-RIS of capability information associated with Doppler measurement and compensation capabilities at the H-RIS and transmitting, to the network entity according to the second control signaling, the capability information including the Doppler measurement and compensation capability information, where receiving the first control signaling may be based on transmitting the capability information.
[0014] In some examples of the method, H-RISs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the Doppler measurement and compensation capability information associated with the H-RIS indicates storage capabilities, computational capabilities, meta-element configuration capabilities, or any combination thereof.
[0015] Some examples of the method, H-RISs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, via the first control signaling, an indication that the H-RIS may be to perform a direction of arrival measurement based on the first RS.
[0016] Some examples of the method, H-RISs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a control message indicating that the H-RIS perform a direction of arrival measurement based on a second RS and performing the direction of arrival measurement based on the control message, where receiving the first RS may be based on the direction of arrival measurement.
[0017] Some examples of the method, H-RISs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving at least the first RS via the at least one RS resource and performing the first Doppler measurement, where relaying the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE includes applying, to the first wireless signaling, a time-domain rotation coefficient that may be based on the first Doppler measurement.
[0018] Some examples of the method, H-RISs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, via second control signaling, an indication of a Doppler compensation margin corresponding to the first UE, where the time-domain rotation coefficient may be based on the Doppler compensation margin.
[0019] A method for wireless communications by a network entity is described. The method may include transmitting, to a H-RIS, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource corresponding to at least a first RS from a first UE for performing one or more Doppler measurements, transmitting, to the first UE, second control signaling indicating a first RS resource of the at least one RS resource for transmitting the first RS to the H-RIS, and communicating first wireless signaling with the first UE via a first wireless link including the H-RIS and via a second wireless link between the network entity and the first UE.
[0020] A network entity for wireless communications is described. The network entity may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to transmit, to a H-RIS, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource corresponding to at least a first RS from a first UE for performing one or more Doppler measurements, transmit, to the first UE, second control signaling indicating a first RS resource of the at least one RS resource for transmitting the first RS to the H-RIS, and communicate first wireless signaling with the first UE via a first wireless link including the H-RIS and via a second wireless link between the network entity and the first UE.
[0021] Another network entity for wireless communications is described. The network entity may include means for transmitting, to a H-RIS, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource corresponding to at least a first RS from a first UE for performing one or more Doppler measurements, means for transmitting, to the first UE, second control signaling indicating a first RS resource of the at least one RS resource for transmitting the first RS to the H-RIS, and means for communicating first wireless signaling with the first UE via a first wireless link including the H-RIS and via a second wireless link between the network entity and the first UE.
[0022] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to transmit, to a H-RIS, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource corresponding to at least a first RS from a first UE for performing one or more Doppler measurements, transmit, to the first UE, second control signaling indicating a first RS resource of the at least one RS resource for transmitting the first RS to the H-RIS, and communicate first wireless signaling with the first UE via a first wireless link including the H-RIS and via a second wireless link between the network entity and the first UE.
[0023] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the H-RIS, third control signaling including a RS resource index corresponding to the at least one RS resource of a set of multiple RS resources for the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE, where communicating the first wireless signaling may be based on transmitting the third control signaling including the RS resource index.
[0024] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, via the first control signaling, an indication of a second RS resource for at least a second RS from a second UE and communicating second wireless signaling with the second UE via a third wireless link including the H-RIS and via a fourth wireless link between the network entity and the second UE based on transmitting the first control signaling.
[0025] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a control message indicating a first portion of the H-RIS and a second portion of the H-RIS, where communicating the first wireless signaling and the second wireless signaling may be based on transmitting the control message.
[0026] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the H-RIS, third control signaling triggering a report by the H-RIS of capability information associated with Doppler measurement and compensation capabilities at the H-RIS and receiving, from the H-RIS, the capability information including the Doppler measurement and compensation capability information, where transmitting the first control signaling may be based on receiving the capability information.
[0027] In some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the Doppler measurement and compensation capability information associated with the H-RIS indicates storage capabilities, computational capabilities, meta-element configuration capabilities, or any combination thereof.
[0028] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, via the first control signaling, an indication that the H-RIS may be to perform a direction of arrival measurement based on the first RS.
[0029] Some examples of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a control message indicating that the H-RIS perform a direction of arrival measurement based on a second RS, where communicating the first wireless signaling may be based on the control message.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by hybrid-reconfigurable intelligent surface (H-RIS) is in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 2 shows an example of an H-RIS that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 3 shows examples of wireless communications systems support Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 4 shows an example of a process flow that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 5 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0035] FIGs. 6 and 7 show diagrams of devices that support Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0036] FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a communications manager that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0038] FIGs. 10 and 11 show diagrams of devices that support Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 12 shows a diagram of a communications manager that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 13 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIGs. 14 through 19 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0042] In some wireless communications systems, a network entity may communicate with a UE via multiple links, including at least one link via which signaling is relayed via a hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface (H-RIS) (e.g., a relay link, which may be referred to as a reflection link) and a direct link (e.g., a link without any intervening or relaying entities) . Additionally, some UEs (e.g., vehicles, UEs in a vehicle) may move at high speeds, causing a Doppler effect (e.g., resulting in a Doppler frequency) on one or more of the multiple links. In some cases, a UE may communicate with the network entity via a relay link and a direct link while moving at high speeds, causing a Doppler effect on the relay link and the direct link. However, the Doppler effect on the relay link may be different than the Doppler effect on the direct link. For example, because an arrival direction of the relay link may not be the same as an arrival direction of the direct link, the Doppler effect on the relay link may be different than the Doppler effect on the direct link.
[0043] In some cases, the network entity or the UE may attempt to compensate for the Doppler effects on the direct link and the relay link. The compensation attempt may include transmitting reference signals (RSs) between the network entity and the UE and measuring Doppler effects associated with the RSs. However, if the network entity and the UE have a direct link and a relay link between them, the direct link may interfere with RS Doppler measurements on the relay link. For example, the Doppler frequency on the relay link may be different from the Doppler frequency on the direct link, but may be similar enough that the network entity, the UE, or both, cannot differentiate between the Doppler frequencies of the respective links. In such a case, channel state information (CSI) accuracy may decrease, scheduling errors may occur, and decoding failures may lead to radio resource waste.
[0044] According to techniques described in the present disclosure, a network entity may transmit a RS or configure a UE to transmit a RS via a relay link over a RS resource, and may configure the H-RIS to measure a Doppler effect (e.g., perform a Doppler measurement) on the relay link based on the RS and the RS resource. The H-RIS may then compensate for the Doppler effect on the relay link based on the Doppler measurement. For example, the network entity may indicate (e.g., via control signaling or a configuration) the RS resource to the H-RIS, which may indicate the H-RIS to compensate for the Doppler effect on the relay link between the network entity and the UE according to the previously measured Doppler effect. In some cases, the network entity may indicate additional RS resources to the H-RIS and to other UEs in the wireless communications system, and the H-RIS may measure and compensate for Doppler effects on other relay link s corresponding to the other UEs and the other RS resources.
[0045] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Additionally, aspects of the disclosure are described with reference to H-RISs and a process flow. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios.
[0046] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0047] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0048] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 or network entities 105, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0049] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0050] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a backhaul communication link 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via a core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication links 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) , one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0051] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or a giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0052] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0053] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165, or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to one or more RUs 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0054] In wireless communications systems (e.g., wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be partially controlled by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., a donor base station 140) . The one or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication links 120) . IAB nodes 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by DUs 165 of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115, or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of an IAB node 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB nodes 104 may include DUs 165 that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB nodes 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of IAB nodes 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0055] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., IAB nodes 104, DUs 165, CUs 160, RUs 170, RIC 175, SMO 180) .
[0056] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, or vehicles, meters, among other examples.
[0057] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relays as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0058] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., an access link) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication links 125. For example, a carrier used for a communication link 125 may include a portion of a RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105) .
[0059] The communication links 125 shown in the wireless communications system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from a network entity 105 to a UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from a UE 115 to a network entity 105, or both, among other configurations of transmissions. Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode) .
[0060] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum and, in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communications system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths for carriers of a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz) ) . Devices of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., the network entities 105, the UEs 115, or both) may have hardware configurations that support communications using a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communications using one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may include network entities 105 or UEs 115 that support concurrent communications using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured for operating using portions (e.g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth.
[0061] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0062] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0063] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0064] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0065] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to multiple UEs 115 and UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a specific UE 115.
[0066] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, the overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.
[0067] The wireless communications system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) may have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities 105 may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, network entities 105 may have different frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities 105 may, in some examples, not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.
[0068] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0069] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0070] In some systems, a D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel, such as a sidelink communication channel, between vehicles (e.g., UEs 115) . In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, or some combination of these. A vehicle may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to a V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure, such as roadside units, or with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., network entities 105, base stations 140, RUs 170) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, or with both.
[0071] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0072] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0073] The wireless communications system 100 may also operate using a super high frequency (SHF) region, which may be in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band, or using an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) , also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UEs 115 and the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) , and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, such techniques may facilitate using antenna arrays within a device. The propagation of EHF transmissions, however, may be subject to even greater attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body.
[0074] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0075] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0076] The network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas.Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords) . Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.
[0077] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0078] A network entity 105 or a UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, RSs, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a network entity 105 multiple times along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a network entity 105, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.
[0079] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by transmitting device (e.g., a transmitting network entity 105, a transmitting UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as a receiving network entity 105 or a receiving UE 115) . In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the network entity 105 along different directions and may report to the network entity 105 an indication of the signal that the UE 115 received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.
[0080] In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a network entity 105 to a UE 115) . The UE 115 may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The network entity 105 may transmit a RS (e.g., a cell-specific RS (CRS) , a channel state information RS (CSI-RS) ) , which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook) . Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115) or for transmitting a signal along a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device) .
[0081] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115) may perform reception operations in accordance with multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105) , such as synchronization signals, RSs, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may perform reception in accordance with multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal) . The single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions) .
[0082] According to techniques described in the present disclosure, a network entity 105 may transmit a RS or configure a UE 115 to transmit a RS via a relay link over a RS resource and may configure an H-RIS 185 to measure a Doppler effect (e.g., perform a Doppler measurement) on the relay link based on the RS and the RS resource. The H-RIS 185 may then compensate for the Doppler effect on the relay link based on the Doppler measurement. For example, the network entity 105 may indicate (e.g., via control signaling or a configuration) the RS resource to the H-RIS 185 and the UE 115, which may indicate the H-RIS 185 to compensate for the Doppler effect on the relay link between the network entity 105 and the UE 115. In some cases, the network entity 105 may indicate other RS resources to the H-RIS 185 and to other UEs 115 in the wireless communications system 100, and the H-RIS 185 may measure and compensate for Doppler effects on other relay link s corresponding to the other UEs 115 and the other RS resources.
[0083] FIG. 2 shows examples of an H-RIS diagram 200 and an H-RIS diagram 250 that support Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The H-RIS diagram 200 may show one implementation of an H-RIS 205, and the H-RIS diagram 250 may show another implementation of an H-RIS 255. As used in the present disclosure, an H-RIS may refer to either of the implementations shown in FIG. 2, or another implementation of an H-RIS. Aspects of FIG. 2 may implement or be implemented by aspects of FIG. 1. For example, FIG. 2 may include the H-RIS 205 and the H-RIS 255, which may be examples of the H-RIS 185 with respect to FIG. 1.
[0084] The H-RIS diagrams 200 and 250 may include the H-RISs 205 and 255 respectively, each of which may include (e.g., be composed of) a plurality of relaying elements 215 and a plurality of sensing elements 220 (e.g., a sensing element 220-a, a sensing element 220-b, a sensing element 220-c, a sensing element 220-d, a sensing element 220-e, and a sensing element 220-f) . In some cases, the relaying elements 215, the sensing elements 220, or both, may be called elements or meta-elements. The sensing elements 220 may be coupled to a baseband processor (e.g., a baseband processor 210 or a baseband processor 260) via a plurality of radio frequency (RF) chains 225 (e.g., an RF chain 225-a, an RF chain 225-b, an RF chain 225-c, and an RF chain 225-d) .
[0085] In some wireless communications systems, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) may be a surface that includes a massive quantity of densely-placed reconfigurable relaying elements 215 that can reflect or refract incident radio signals (e.g., electromagnetic waves) in a target direction. The H-RISs 205 and 255 may be examples of a RIS. In some cases, the reflection or refraction may cause the reflection or refraction angle of the radio signal to be different than the incident angle of the radio signal on the RIS (e.g., an anomalous reflection or refraction) . A RIS may be used to reflect or refract radio signals between entities within a wireless communications system, including network entities, UEs, and other entities, for example, when line of sight (LOS) links between the entities are not available or are weak.
[0086] In some cases, a RIS may reflect radio signals, refract radio signals, or both. For example, the H-RISs 205 and 255 may be capable of reflecting and refracting radio signals. As used herein, an H-RIS may relay signaling between two or more entities in a wireless communications system, where the relaying may refer to reflecting, refracting, or both. Additionally, or alternatively, the terms reflecting and refracting herein may be used interchangeably or to indicate both terms.
[0087] In some cases, the H-RISs 205 and 255 may be low cost and low power devices. For example, because the elements (e.g., relaying elements 215 and sensing elements 220) of the H-RISs 205 and 255 may include positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diodes or varactor diodes, the elements may be relatively low cost. Additionally, or alternatively, the H-RISs 205 and 255 may relay, not using power to radiate signals, and thus may be low power devices. However, H-RISs may use power to control the elements to relay signaling.
[0088] In some instances, the H-RISs 205 and 255 may utilize beamforming techniques for relaying signaling, where the relayed signals may be associated with a gain. For example, the gain for the relayed signals of an H-RIS (e.g., the H-RIS 205, the H-RIS 255) may correspond to a general model or a far-field model. For example, in a first model (e.g., a general model) , and for an incident angle θi, n and a reflection (e.g., or refraction) angle θr, n, the gain, h, may be represented by Equation 1:
[0089] where N may represent a quantity of elements (e.g., relaying elements 215, sensing elements 220) of the H-RIS, di, n may represent a distance between a network entity and an nth element of the H-RIS, dr, n may represent a distance between a UE and the nth element of the H-RIS, and may represent a reflection (e.g., or refraction) coefficient of the nth element of the H-RIS.
[0090] In a second model (e.g., a far-field model) , the incident angle and the reflection angle for the nth element of the H-RIS may be assumed to be the same for all the elements of the H-RIS. For example, in the far-field model and for an incident angle θi and a reflection angle θr, the gain, h, may be represented by Equation 2:
[0091] where d may represent a distance between the elements of the H-RIS. In some cases, for the general and far-field models, it may be preferable (e.g., ideal) that αn≡α, and that (sinθi+sinθr) . Practically, αn and φn may be derived from an enumerated set based on element realization.
[0092] Referring to Equations 1 and 2, a difficulty of implementing RISs in a wireless communications system may include determining the reflection coefficients for the elements of the RIS. For example, to determine the reflection coefficient for a relaying element 215 of the H-RIS 205, an incident beam direction (e.g., arrival direction of a relayed beam) and reflected (e.g., or refracted) beam direction (e.g., outgoing direction of a relayed beam) may be used (e.g., required, known) . However, the relaying elements 215 of the H-RIS 205 may be capable of relaying signaling and may not be capable of receiving the signal. The entity receiving the relayed signal (e.g., a receiver) may be able to estimate the cascaded channel (e.g., the channel from a transmitter to the H-RIS 205 and from the H-RIS 205 to the receiver) , but may not be able to estimate each of the channels in the cascaded channel (e.g., a first channel from the transmitter to the H-RIS 205, and a second channel from the H-RIS 205 to the receiver) . Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver may determine the incident beam direction and the reflected beam direction via beam sweeping, which may utilize high amounts of radio resources.
[0093] In some cases, a quantity of elements (e.g., the sensing elements 220) may be included at a panel of an H-RIS, and may have sensing and signal processing functions, such that the reflection coefficients of the elements of the H-RIS 205 may be estimated via circuitry coupled with the H-RIS 205. For example, the sensing elements 220 of the H-RIS 205 may be coupled to the RF chains 225 and the baseband processor 210, such that the sensing elements 220 may be used to sense a direction of arrival (DoA) of a signal incident to the H-RIS 205. Accordingly, the H-RIS 205 may determine the direction of an entity that transmitted the incident signal. In some cases, a RIS equipped with relaying elements 215 and sensing elements 220 may be referred to as an H-RIS.
[0094] In some cases, the elements on an H-RIS (e.g., the H-RIS 205, the H-RIS 255) may be organized into a pattern (e.g., a reflection-sensing pattern) based on multiple criterions. For example, a first criterion may stipulate that, to measure a horizontal DoA and a vertical DoA, the sensing elements 220 may be located in multiple rows and in multiple columns. A second criterion may stipulate that, to reflect an incident signal without an alias beam, the relaying elements 215 may be located adjacently (e.g., without uneven gaps or spacing between the relaying elements 215) .
[0095] Based on the first criterion and the second criterion, the sensing elements 220 may be located on the borders of the H-RIS (e.g., including at least one horizontal border and one vertical border) . For example, the H-RIS 255 may include a top row of sensing elements 220, including the sensing elements 220-c and 220-d, and a left column of sensing elements 220, including the sensing elements 220-e and 220-f. In some cases, such a pattern may increase (e.g., maximize) the sensing and reflecting performance of the H-RIS 255.
[0096] The sensing elements 220 may be coupled with the baseband processors 210 and 260 via the RF chains 225 that are organized into a hardware structure. For example, the H-RIS diagram 200 may show a first hardware structure, and the H-RIS diagram 250 may show a second hardware structure.
[0097] In the first hardware structure (e.g., shown by H-RIS diagram 200) , each sensing element 220 may be coupled to the baseband processor 210 via one RF chain 225. For example, the sensing element 220-a may be coupled to the baseband processor 210 via the RF chain 225-a, and the sensing element 220-b may be coupled to the baseband processor 210 via the RF chain 225-b.
[0098] In the second hardware structure (e.g., shown by the H-RIS diagram 250) , a group of (e.g., more than one) sensing elements 220 may be coupled to the baseband processor 260 via an RF chain 225. For example, the sensing elements 220-c and 220-d may be coupled to the baseband processor via the RF chain 225-c, and the sensing elements 220-e and 220-f may be coupled to the baseband processor via the RF chain 225-d.
[0099] In some instances, the first hardware structure may allow the H-RIS 205 to provide improved sensing performance compared to the second hardware structure of the H-RIS 255. However, the first structure may be associated with a higher hardware and power cost compared to the second hardware structure. Accordingly, the first hardware structure may be preferable for an H-RIS including a relatively low quantity of sensing elements 220, and the second hardware structure may be preferable for an H-RIS including a relatively high quantity of sensing elements 220.
[0100] FIG. 3 shows examples of wireless communications systems 300, 335, and 370 that support Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some cases, the wireless communications systems 300, 335, and 370 may represent scenarios in which techniques discussed herein may be applied, with wireless communications system 300 representing a first scenario, wireless communications system 335 representing a second scenario, and wireless communications system 370 representing a third scenario. The first, second, and third scenarios are merely exemplary, and do not limit the techniques described herein, as the techniques described herein may be applied to other scenarios.
[0101] Aspects of FIG. 3 may implement or be implemented by aspects of FIGs. 1 and 2. For example, FIG. 3 may show multiple H-RISs 305 (e.g., an H-RIS 305-a, an H-RIS 305-b, an H-RIS 305-c, and an H-RIS 305-d) assisting in communications between network entities 105 (e.g., a network entity 105-a, a network entity 105-b, and a network entity 105-c) and UEs 115 (e.g., a UE 115-a, a UE 115-b, and a UE 115-c) , which may be examples of RISs and H-RISs, network entities 105, and UEs 115 with respect to FIGs. 1 and 2. Although quantities of the aspects of FIG. 3 are shown herein, it is noted that the techniques disclosed herein may apply to any quantity of the aspects shown in FIG. 3, or other aspects not shown in FIG. 3.
[0102] The first, second, and third scenarios of FIG. 3 may show one or more use cases for the techniques described herein. For example, in a first use case, a network entity 105 may communicate with a UE 115 (e.g., a high-speed UE 115) via one or more direct links an at least one relay link (e.g., a RIS reflection link) , as shown in wireless communications system 300. In another example, the network entity 105 may communicate with the UE 115 with two or more relay links, as shown in wireless communications systems 335 and 370. In some cases, the network entities 105 may not communicate with the UEs 115 via a direct link due to a blockage 330. Additionally, some beams 310 may be redirected due to scatters 375 (e.g., a scatter 375-a, a scatter 375-b) . As described herein, the techniques described herein may be applicable to scenarios or use cases not explicitly described herein.
[0103] The network entities 105 of FIG. 3 may communicate (e.g., transmit signals back and forth) with the UEs 115 via one or more links which include one or more beams 310 (e.g., a beam 310-a, a beam 310-b, a beam 310-c, a beam 310-d, a beam 310-e, a beam 310-f, a beam 310-g, a beam 310-h, a beam 310-i, a beam 310-j, a beam 310-k, a beam 310-l, and a beam 310-m) . Additionally, each of the one or more links may be a direct link (e.g., a link directly between the network entity 105 and the UE 115) or a relay link (e.g., a link including an H-RIS relaying the signal) . For example, the network entity 105-a may communicate with the UE 115-a via a direct link including the beam 310-a. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 105-a may communicate with the UE 115-a via a relay link including the beams 310-b and 310-c. Although the links and beams 310 shown in FIG. 3 may show signals being transmitted from the network entities 105 to a corresponding UE 115, the techniques described herein may apply to signals being transmitted via the links and beams 310 from the UEs 115 to a corresponding network entity 105.
[0104] In the wireless communications systems 300, 335, and 370, each link may be (e.g., satisfy) a LOS type link or a non-LOS (NLOS) type link (e.g., or a special NLOS type link) . For example, the direct link between the network entity 105-a and the UE 115, as described herein, may be a LOS type link, and the first relay link between the network entity 105-b and the UE 115-b including the beams 310-d and 310-e may be an NLOS type link.
[0105] In some cases, if a link is an LOS type or an NLOS type with a dominant NLOS path (e.g., that is much stronger than other NLOS paths) , the link may be associated with one Doppler effect (e.g., one dominant Doppler frequency) . In some other cases, a NLOS link may be associated with multiple dominants NLOS paths. In such cases, the directions (e.g., directions of arrival) of the dominant NLOS paths may be obtained by beam sweeping (e.g., or channel estimation) between the associated network entity 105 and UE 115. Then, an H-RIS 305 (e.g., the H-RIS 305-d) assisting in the NLOS link (e.g., a relayed NLOS link) may allocate a first portion of the elements associated with the H-RIS 305 as a virtual RIS 315-a, and a second portion of the elements associated with the H-RIS 305 as a virtual RIS 315-b. Then, each of the virtual RISs 315 may relay a signal along a respective one of the dominant NLOS paths of the NLOS link, and each of the dominant NLOS paths may be associated with a Doppler frequency.
[0106] In some cases, the UEs 115-a may be moving (e.g., at relatively high speeds) in a movement direction 320. Additionally, the beams 310 arriving at the UEs 115 may be arriving at arrival directions 325 (e.g., an arrival direction 325-a, an arrival direction 325-b) . In some cases, the arrival directions 325 of two beams 310 arriving at a UE 115 may lead to different Doppler effects on each link associated with the two beam 310.
[0107] A network entity 105 (e.g., the network entity 105-a, the network entity 105-b, the network entity 105-c) may communicate with a UE 115 (e.g., a high-speed UE, e.g., the UE 115-a, the UE 115-b, the UE 115-c) via the assistance of one or more H-RIS (e.g., the H-RIS 305-a, the H-RIS 305-b, the H-RIS 305-c) in one or more relay links. In some cases, the UE 115 may experience (e.g., suffer from) one or more Doppler effects (e.g., Doppler frequencies) associated with the one or more relay links and a Doppler effect associated with a direct link between the network entity 105 and the UE 115. In such a case, Doppler effect mitigation at the receiver side of the communication may become more difficult or impossible due to the multiple Doppler effects (e.g., different Doppler effects) , and a channel status between the network entity 105 and the UE 115 may become time variant.
[0108] In some instances, channel status time variation may reduce an accuracy of CSI and may lead to scheduling errors within the channel. In some cases, scheduling errors may lead to decoding failure or radio resource waste. In some instances, more frequent CSI reports between the network entity 105 and the UE 115 may improve the accuracy of CSI, however such techniques may consume an increased amount of uplink signaling overhead (e.g., uplink signaling resources) .
[0109] In some instances, to reduce the effects of multiple Doppler effects between the network entity 105 and the UE 115, the network entity 105 may attempt to compensate for the one or more Doppler effects on the one or more relay links by altering the signaling communicated via the H-RIS 305 with a time domain rotation coefficient (e.g., multiplying a time-domain rotation coefficient at the H-RIS 305) . To attempt the compensation, the network entity 105 may obtain the one or more Doppler effects on each of the one or more relay links in advance. In some cases, to obtain the one or more Doppler effect on each of the one or more relay links, the network entity 105 may transmit at least one downlink RS to the UE 115 via the relay link, and the UE 115 may measure the one or more Doppler effects from the at least one downlink RS and report the one or more Doppler effects to the network entity 105. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 115 may transmit at least one uplink RS to the network entity 105 via the one or more relay links, and the network entity 105 may measure the one or more Doppler effects from the at least one uplink RS.
[0110] However, in some cases, the co-existence of direct link may cause interference with the measuring of the one or more Doppler effects on the one or more relay links by UE or gNB. For example, measuring the one or more Doppler effects on the one or more relay links may be difficult if the Doppler effect on the direct link is overlapping the Doppler effect of the one or more relay links in a frequency domain. This interference may lead to difficulty in obtaining correct Doppler effects on each link (e.g., the direct link, the one or more relay links, or both) , and may reduce a receive performance, a receive throughput, or both.
[0111] According to aspects of the present disclosure, the H-RIS 305 (e.g., in place of a reflection-only RIS) may be capable of mitigating the issues described herein with respect to multiple Doppler effects. Accordingly, the H-RIS 305 may be capable of sensing the one or more Doppler effects on the one or more relay links (e.g., of the UE 115) , and may determine (e.g., and / or select) one or more Doppler compensation values (e.g., reflection coefficients for elements of the H-RIS 305) for the one or more relay links. The present disclosure may also describe messaging and H-RIS 305 procedures for mitigating the issues described herein with respect to multiple Doppler effects. Additionally, the H-RIS 305 may be capable of sensing a DoA of a beams 310 incident at the H-RIS 305 (e.g., ascertaining the DoA of the UE 115) , and may determine a corresponding reflection beamforming weight (e.g., a RIS reflection coefficients for elements of the H-RIS 305) .
[0112] In some cases, the network entity 105 may configure the UE 115 to transmit a RS (e.g., an uplink RS, a sidelink RS) via the relay link (e.g., the relay link involving the H-RIS 305) and may configure the H-RIS 305 to measure the Doppler effect from the RS. For example, the H-RIS 305 may relay and receive the RS via the sensing elements on the H-RIS 305 and may measure the Doppler effect from the received RS.
[0113] In some instances, the network entity 105 may configure the UE 115 with a RS resource for the RS and may configure the H-RIS 305 with the RS resource as well. Additionally, the network entity 105 may configure at least a second UE (e.g., one or more other UEs 115) with a second RS resource for a second RS associated with the second UE, where the second RS resource may be different than the RS resource. The network entity 105 may also configure the H-RIS 305 with the second RS resource.
[0114] In some cases, the network entity 105 may configure the H-RIS 305 for DoA measurements. For example, the network entity 105 may configure the H-RIS to measure a DoA associated with the RS. In some instances, the network entity 105 may configure the H-RIS 305 to perform one or more simultaneous Doppler measurements and DoA measurements on a same RS (e.g., the RS for the UE 115, the same RS or a second RS for the second UE) or different RSs (e.g., simultaneous Doppler measurements and DoA measurements may be performed on different RSs) . Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 105 may configure the H-RIS 305 to perform Doppler measurements associated with previously measured DoAs (e.g., associated with the UE 115, or with the second UE) . The H-RIS may thus have access to (e.g., may retain or store) Doppler measurements corresponding to each RS (e.g., for communications with a corresponding UE) .
[0115] In some cases (e.g., after the H-RIS 305 has measured the Doppler effect on the relay link between the network entity 105 and the UE 115) the network entity 105 may transmit a data signal to the UE 115 (e.g., via downlink) , or may configure the UE 115 to transmit a data signal (e.g., via uplink) , via the relay link. Additionally, the network entity 105 may configure the H-RIS 305 with an indicator of the RS resource corresponding to the UE 115. Then, the H-RIS 305 may compensate for the Doppler effect on the relay link. For example, the network entity 105 may schedule transmission of data signals for the UE 115, and may indicate (e.g., to the H-RIS 305) an index of the RS corresponding to the UE 115. The network entity 105 may access the Doppler measurements determined for the Doppler frequency measured based on the RS indexed by the network entity 105. The H-RIS 305 may therefore compensate or the Doppler frequency according to the Doppler measurements for the data signaling between the network entity 105 and the UE 115. The H-RIS 305 may use the time-domain rotation coefficient (e.g., based on the measured Doppler frequency for the indicated RS resource) on the data signaling scheduled for the UE 115.
[0116] In some cases, the network entity 105 may transmit a multicast data signal (e.g., PDCCH or multicast service data) to the UE 115, and one or more additional UEs. The network entity 105 may configure the H-RIS to perform Doppler measurements via multiple RS resources (e.g., one RS resource for each of the various UEs) . For the multicast data signal, the network entity 105 may configure the H-RIS 305 with indicators of the RS resources corresponding to each of the relevant UEs. Then, the H-RIS 305 may compensate for Doppler effects measured for the relay links corresponding to the various UEs, and the one or more other UEs. The H-RIS 305 may then compensate the Doppler frequency (e.g., for each UE) by using time-domain rotation coefficients based on the measured Doppler frequencies of each of the indicated RS resources.
[0117] In some examples (e.g., for the multicast transmission) , the H-RIS 305 (e.g., the H-RIS 305-d) may allocate groups of elements into virtual RISs 315 (e.g., the H-RIS 305 may split the surface into multiple virtual RISs 315 or sub-RISs, such as a virtual RIS 315-a, a virtual RIS 315-b) and compensate for the Doppler effects on each of the relay links at a corresponding virtual RIS 315. In some cases, the H-RIS 305 may compensate for the Doppler effects on each of the relay links at a corresponding virtual RIS 315 by using time-domain rotation coefficients based on previously measured Doppler effects on the relay links.
[0118] FIG. 4 shows an example of a process flow 400 that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Aspects of FIG. 4 may implement or be implemented by aspects of FIGs. 1–3. For example, FIG. 4 may show a network entity 105-d and a UE 115-d, which may be examples of the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 with respect to FIGs. 1 and 3. Although quantities of the aspects of FIG. 4 are shown herein, it is noted that the techniques disclosed herein may apply to any quantity of the aspects shown in FIG. 4, or other aspects not shown in FIG. 4. For example, although the process flow 400 may show one UE 115 communicating with the network entity 105-d, the techniques disclosed herein may be applied to multiple UEs 115 communicating with the network entity 105-d via an H-RIS associated with the H-RIS controller 475.
[0119] In the following description of process flow 400, the operations may be performed in a different order than the order shown, or other operations may be added or removed from the process flow 400. For example, some operations may also be left out of process flow 400, may be performed in different orders or at different times, or other operations may be added to process flow 400. Although the UE 115-d, the H-RIS controller 475, and the network entity 105-d are shown performing the operations of process flow 400, some aspects of some operations may also be performed by one or more other wireless devices or network devices.
[0120] The H-RIS controller 475 may perform aspects of the process flow 400. In some cases, the H-RIS controller 475 may be collocated with (e.g., part of) an H-RIS, such as the H-RIS 185, the H-RIS 205, or the H-RISs 305, with respect to the FIG. 1, FIG. 2, and FIG. 3, respectively. Additionally, or alternatively, the H-RIS controller 475 maybe located separately from (e.g., distributed, not a part of) the H-RIS. As used herein, the H-RIS controller 475 may indicated the H-RIS controller 475, the H-RIS associated (e.g., controlled by) the H-RIS controller 475, or both.
[0121] At 405, the H-RIS controller 475 may transmit an H-RIS capability report (e.g., capability message, capability information) to the network entity 105-d, which may include information associated with the capabilities of the H-RIS to perform Doppler measurement and compensation. In some cases, the network entity 105-d may configure the H-RIS controller 475 to transmit the H-RIS capability report to the network entity 105-d, for example, in an RRC or higher layer configuration message. In some cases, the H-RIS capability report may be transmitted in or as an RRC message (e.g., via RRC signaling) .
[0122] In some instances, the H-RIS capability report may indicate whether the H-RIS controller 475 has (e.g., has access to, is associated with) sufficient storage, computation capability, or both, to perform Doppler measurement and compensation. Additionally, or alternatively, the H-RIS capability report may indicate storage capabilities (e.g., an amount of storage) , computation capabilities, or both, associated with the H-RIS controller 475.
[0123] In some instances, the H-RIS capability report may indicate whether the H-RIS associated with the H-RIS controller 475 is capable of supporting multiple configurations (e.g., reflection or refraction configurations) at each element of the H-RIS. Additionally, or alternatively, the H-RIS capability report may indicate a quantity of configurations at each element of the H-RIS that are attainable by the H-RIS. In some cases, for example, an H-RIS with more supported configurations at each element may be capable of providing a better Doppler compensation.
[0124] At 410, the network entity 105-d may configure the H-RIS controller 475 with one or more RS resources. For example, the network entity 105-d may transmit a configuration message indicating the one or more RS resources. The network entity 105-d may configure the H-RIS controller 475 (e.g., at 410) and the UE 115-d (e.g., at 415) with the same RS resource. In some cases, the one or more RS resources may correspond to one or more UEs (e.g., including the UE 115-d) , and the one or more RS resources may be associated with measuring a Doppler effect from an uplink RS transmitted via the one or more RS resources. Additionally, or alternatively, the H-RIS associated with the H-RIS controller 475 may be configured to measure a Doppler effect from a downlink RS transmitted via the one or more RS resources.
[0125] In some cases, the network entity 105-d may configure the H-RIS controller to measure Doppler effects associated with the one or more RS resources. For example, the configuration (e.g., configuration message) for the H-RIS controller 475 may be formatted to include or indicate an RS resource positions (e.g., time, frequency) and an RS format (e.g., a RS sequence, a RS repetition) . In some cases, the network entity 105-d may transmit the configuration information (e.g., at 410) via or as RRC signaling (e.g., to measure periodic RS) , via or as a MAC CE message, or via or as a DCI (e.g., to measure aperiodic RS) .
[0126] As described herein, the network entity 105-d may configure the H-RIS controller 475 for Doppler measurements, DoA measurements, or both. In some examples, the network entity 105-d may configure the H-RIS controller to perform Doppler effect measurements simultaneously with DoA measurements. The configuration for Doppler effect measurements and simultaneous DoA measurements may be included with the configuration of the one or more RS resources. In some instances, the network entity 105-d may configure the H-RIS controller 475 for simultaneous Doppler effect measurement and DoA measurement a same or different RS resource of the one or more RS resources.
[0127] Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 105-d may configure the H-RIS controller 475 to perform Doppler effect measurements that may be associated with DoA measurements (e.g., previous DoA measurements) . For example, the network entity 105-d may configure the H-RIS controller 475 to perform Doppler measurement associated with a previous DoA measurement result that may have been obtained from a previous RS resource (e.g., a RS resource configured to the H-RIS controller 475 pervious to the one or more RS resources) . Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 105-d may configure the H-RIS controller 475 to perform Doppler measurements associated with the previous RS resource based on the previous DoA measurement. In some cases, the previous DoA measurement may correspond to a same UE (e.g., the UE 115-d) for a current Doppler measurement (e.g., a Doppler measurement associated with the one or more RS resources) . In some instances, a DoA measurement (e.g., and the results of a DoA) associated with a Doppler measurement may allow the H-RIS controller 475 to adjust a receive beam based on the DoA measurement, which may improve data (e.g., a SINR) received at the H-RIS associated with the H-RIS controller 475.
[0128] At 415, the network entity 105-d may configure the UE 115-d with a first RS resource (e.g., an uplink RS resource) of the one or more RS resources. In some instances, the first RS resource may be an SRS resource, a tracking RS (TRS) resources, or another RS resource. In some cases, the first RS resource may include multiple time occasions, where the UE 115-d may be instructed to transmit one or more RSs (e.g., with phase coherence) on (e.g., at) at least one of the multiple time occasions, or all of the multiple time occasions. In some cases, the network entity 105-d ay configure the UE 115-d with the first resource via a control message, which may be transmitted via a direct link or a relay link.
[0129] At 420, the UE 115-d may transmit one or more RSs, including a first RS, to the H-RIS associated with the H-RIS controller 475, the network entity 105-d, or both. The first RS may be transmitted to the network entity 105-d via a direct link or a relay link. In some cases, the one or more RSs may be transmitted at the at least one of the multiple time occasions indicated by the configuration of the first RS resource.
[0130] At 425, the H-RIS controller 475 may measure a Doppler effect (e.g., Doppler frequency, perform a Doppler effect measurement) associated with the first RS. For example, the H-RIS controller 475 may measure the Doppler frequency on the link used by the UE 115-d to transmit the first RS.
[0131] The H-RIS controller 475 may perform Doppler effect measurements based one or more RSs received from the UE 115-d. For example, the Doppler frequency measured by the H-RIS controller 475 may be calculated, at least in part, using the following Equation 3:
[0132] where may represent the Doppler frequency measured at the H-RIS controller 475, y1 and y2 may represent a first received RS and a second received RS (e.g., received at different time occasions of the one or more time occasions) , and T may represent a time interval between reception of y1 and y2.
[0133] In some cases, the RSs transmitted by the UE 115-d may be mapped at multiple subcarriers. In such cases, the H-RIS controller 475 may obtain the measured Doppler frequency by averaging the results of Equation 3 across the multiple subcarriers (e.g., on RSs received at the multiple subcarriers) .
[0134] In some cases (e.g., if the H-RIS controller 475 has a single RF chain for signal reception) , the H-RIS controller 475 may maintain one or more combination coefficients of each receiving element (e.g., sensing elements 220, with respect to FIG. 2) the same in the multiple time occasions where the UE 115 transmits a RS.
[0135] In some cases (e.g., if the H-RIS controller 475 has multiple receiving RF chains) , each RF chain of the H-RIS controller 475 may estimate the Doppler effect (e.g., where i may represent each RX chain) independently, and then the final estimation result (e.g., ) is the average of each estimation result by each RF chain.
[0136] In some cases, (e.g., if the associated previous measured DoA is configured) , the H-RIS controller 475 may generate a receive beam for the first RS from the UE 115-d based on an associated DoA (e.g., when it measures the Doppler effect associated with the first RS) . Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 105-d may measure a Doppler effect based on a received uplink RS from UE (e.g., the transmitted RS of 420, via a direct link or via the relay link) , denoted as
[0137] At 430, the network entity 105-d may configure the H-RIS controller 475 to perform frequency compensation by indicating the RS resource of the H-RIS Doppler frequency measurement. For example, the network entity 105-d may transmit an indication of the first RS resource to the H-RIS controller 475 (e.g., may indicate the RS resource via which the H-RIS controller 475 measured the Doppler frequency at 425) . In some cases, the indication of the first RS signal may include a RS resource index (e.g., of a set of RS resource indices) corresponding to the first RS resource. In some cases, the network entity 105-d may configure the H-RIS controller 475 to perform a Doppler compensation with the UE 115-d by transmitting the indication of the first RS resource (e.g., or any other previous RS resource) to the H-RIS controller 475.
[0138] For example, the network entity 105-d may first configure the H-RIS with a RS resource at 410 (e.g., the first RS resource) and the UE 115-d (e.g., at 415) in a Doppler effect measurement configuration message, where the RS resource may have a first RS resource ID. The Doppler frequency measured by the H-RIS controller 475 for a RS transmitted via the RS resource may be represented as Then, in a Doppler compensation configuration message (e.g., at 430) , the network entity 105-d may indicate the first RS resource ID, which may indicate the association between Doppler frequency measurement and the Doppler compensation to be performed (e.g., as indicated by transmitting the indication of the RS resource at 430) .
[0139] Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 105-d may indicate a Doppler compensation margin, to the H-RIS controller 475. In some cases, the value of the Doppler compensation margin may be the measured Doppler frequency in a direct link between the network entity 105-d and the UE 115-d (e.g., ) . In some cases (e.g., if the H-RIS controller 475 does not receive possibly due to the direct link being blocked or the Doppler effect on the direct link being zero) , the H-RIS controller 475 may assume that
[0140] As discussed herein, the H-RIS controller 475 may perform Doppler compensation based on the indication of the first resource. In some instances, the Doppler compensation may be performed with respect to a time-domain rotation coefficient β (t) , where t may represent time, such as:
[0141] In some cases, the network entity 105-d may transmit one or more data signals to multiple UEs (e.g., with different Doppler frequencies) simultaneously (e.g., at 440) . In such cases, the network entity 105-d may indicate multiple previous RS resources to the H-RIS controller 475, where at each previous RS resource, the H-RIS controller 475 may have been configured to perform Doppler frequency measurement with a corresponding UE. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 105-d may indicate multiple Doppler compensation margins to the H-RIS controller 475, where each of the multiple Doppler compensation margins is associated with a corresponding RS resource (e.g., previous RS resource) .
[0142] At 435, the network entity 105-d may configure the UE 115-d with resources for receiving (e.g., or transmitting) a data signal. the network entity 105-d may configure the UE 115-d with the resources via an uplink grant, a downlink grant, or any other control messaging.
[0143] At 440, the network entity 105-d may transmit a data signal to (e.g., towards) the H-RIS associated with the H-RIS controller 475. For example, the network entity 105-d may communicate with the UE 115-d via a relay link including the H-RIS associated with the H-RIS controller 475. In some cases, at 440, the UE 115-d may transmit the data signaling (e.g., to the network entity 105-d or in a sidelink relay link to another UE) .
[0144] At 445, the H-RIS controller 475 may relay the data signal to the UE 115-d (e.g., or to the network entity 105-d, if the UE 115-d transmitted the data signal) . According to the techniques described herein, and to relay the data signal, the H-RIS controller 475 may perform a Doppler compensation using a generated (e.g., selected) Doppler compensation value.
[0145] In some cases (e.g., if the network entity 105-d configures the H-RIS controller 475 with a single RS resource for Doppler compensation and 430) , generating the Doppler compensation value may include the H-RIS controller 475 generating a reflection coefficient based on the time-domain rotation coefficient β (t) (e.g., of Equation 4) . For example, if the reflection coefficient without Doppler compensation for an element of the H-RIS associated with the H-RIS controller 475 is αnejφn (e.g., as in Equation 1) , then the reflection coefficient with Doppler compensation, wn (t) , may be defined according to Equation 5:
[0146] In some cases, the H-RIS controller 475 may quantize wn (t) to a configuration value (e.g., a closest configuration value) of a set of candidate configuration values.
[0147] In some cases (e.g., if the network entity 105-d configures multiple previous RS resources for Doppler compensation at 430) , the H-RIS controller 475 may have obtained measured Doppler effects for one or more previous RS resources indicated to the H-RIS controller 475 by the network entity 105-d at 430. In such cases, H-RIS controller 475 may allocate quantities of elements of the associated H-RIS to one or more virtual RISs (e.g., sub-RISs within the element array of the H-RIS) , and may relay the data signal (e.g., one or more data signals, which may be the same or different) to one or more UEs associated with the one or more previous RSs via the one or more virtual RISs based on the measured Doppler effects of the corresponding previous RS resource.
[0148] Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 105-d may configure downlink or uplink data signal transmissions to or from one or more UEs (e.g., including the UE 115-d) respectively. In some cases, the Doppler compensation performed by the H-RIS controller 475 may mitigate the Doppler effect on the relay link, may cause the receiver of the data signal (e.g., the UE 115-d, one or more other UEs, the network entity 105-d) to receive zero Doppler effect on the relay link, or may cause the relay link to have a same or similar Doppler effect as an associated direct link.
[0149] FIG. 5 shows an example of a wireless communications system 500 that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Aspects of FIG. 5 may implement or be implemented by aspects of FIGs. 1–4. For example, FIG. 5 may include a network entity 105-e, UEs 115 (e.g., a UE 115-e and a UE 115-f) , and an H-RIS 505, which may be examples of network entities 105, UEs 115, and H-RISs with respect to FIGs. 1–4. Although quantities of the aspects of FIG. 5 are shown herein, it is noted that the techniques disclosed herein may apply to any quantity of the aspects shown in FIG. 5, or other aspects not shown in FIG. 5.
[0150] FIG. 5 may illustrate an application of the techniques described herein to a system including multiple UEs 115. For example, the wireless communications system 500 may include the network entity 105-e communicating with the UEs 115 via relay links 520 (e.g., a relay link 520-a, a relay link 520-b) and direct links (e.g., a direct link 525-a and a direct link 525-b) . In some cases, the H-RIS 505 may be in communication with (e.g., or controlled by) an H-RIS controller 510. As used herein, the H-RIS 505 and the H-RIS controller 510 may be interchangeable, or either entity may represent both entities.
[0151] In some instances, the network entity 105-e may configure the H-RIS 505 and the UEs 115 with one or more RS resources. For example, the network entity 105-e may configure the H-RIS 505 and the UE 115-e with a first RS resource, and the H-RIS 505 and the UE 115-f with a second RS resource. In some cases, the configurations of the RS resources may indicate one or more time occasions for the UEs to transmit a RS via the relay links 520 to the network entity 105-e.
[0152] In some instances, the H-RIS 505 may perform a Doppler measurement on the RSs transmitted from the UEs 115 via the relay links 520. For example, the H-RIS controller 510 may calculate a Doppler compensation value for each of the UEs 115 based on receiving the RSs from the UEs at the H-RIS 505 (e.g., via an array of sensing elements) . The H-RIS controller 510 may store the Doppler compensation values.
[0153] In some cases, the network entity 105-e may indicate the first RS and the second RS to the H-RIS 505, as described herein. For example, the network entity 105-e may indicate a RS resource ID for each of the first RS resource and the second RS resource to the H-RIS 505. Additionally, the network entity 105-e may configure the UEs 115 with one or more uplink or downlink resources for an uplink or downlink transmission, respectively.
[0154] Then, the network entity 105-e may transmit a data signal via the direct links 525 and the relay link 520 to the UEs 115 (e.g., a same data signal to both UEs 115 or a different data signal to each UE 115) . Additionally, or alternatively, one or more of the UEs 115 may transmit a data signal (e.g., each transmit a different data signal, or both transmit a same data signal) to the network entity 105-e via the direct links 525 and the relay links 520.
[0155] According to techniques described herein, the H-RIS 505 may perform a Doppler compensation on the relay links 520 based on the Doppler compensation values calculated from the Doppler measurements on the first RS and the second RS. In some instances, the Doppler compensation performed by the H-RIS 505 may cause the receiver of the data signals (e.g., the network entity 105-e, the UE 115-e, the UE 115-f) to receive the data signal on the relay links 520 with a same Doppler effect as the data signal on the direct links 525. In some instances, the Doppler compensation performed by the H-RIS 505 may cause the receiver of the data signal to experience no Doppler effect on the data signal, or mitigate the Doppler effect on the data signal.
[0156] FIG. 6 shows a diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of an H-RIS as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communications manager 620. The device 605, or one or more components of the device 605 (e.g., the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, and the communications manager 620) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0157] The receiver 610 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 605. In some examples, the receiver 610 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 610 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.
[0158] The transmitter 615 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . In some examples, the transmitter 615 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 615 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 615 and the receiver 610 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.
[0159] The communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios as described herein. For example, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0160] In some examples, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0161] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor. If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0162] In some examples, the communications manager 620 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both. For example, the communications manager 620 may receive information from the receiver 610, send information to the transmitter 615, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0163] The communications manager 620 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a network entity, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource for receiving at least a first RS from a first UE. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the first UE, the first RS via the at least one RS resource. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for relaying first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE in accordance with a first Doppler measurement corresponding to the at least one RS resource and the first RS.
[0164] By including or configuring the communications manager 620 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 605 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communications manager 620, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for more efficient utilization of communication resources. For example, the H-RISs described herein may be capable of assisting in communications more effectively, causing less communication errors that require extra communication resources. Thus, the techniques herein allow for more efficient utilization of communication resources.
[0165] FIG. 7 shows a diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a device 605 or an H-RIS RS chain as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communications manager 720. The device 705, or one of more components of the device 705 (e.g., the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, and the communications manager 720) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0166] The receiver 710 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 705. In some examples, the receiver 710 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 710 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.
[0167] The transmitter 715 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . In some examples, the transmitter 715 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 715 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 715 and the receiver 710 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.
[0168] The device 705, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720 may include a control signal manager 725, a RS manager 730, a wireless signal relaying manager 735, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 720 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 620 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 720, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communications manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, send information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0169] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The control signal manager 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a network entity, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource for receiving at least a first RS from a first UE. The RS manager 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the first UE, the first RS via the at least one RS resource. The wireless signal relaying manager 735 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for relaying first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE in accordance with a first Doppler measurement corresponding to the at least one RS resource and the first RS.
[0170] FIG. 8 shows a diagram 800 of a communications manager 820 that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 820 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 620, a communications manager 720, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 820, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820 may include a control signal manager 825, a RS manager 830, a wireless signal relaying manager 835, a capability information manager 840, a direction of arrival manager 845, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0171] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The control signal manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a network entity, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource for receiving at least a first RS from a first UE. The RS manager 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the first UE, the first RS via the at least one RS resource. The wireless signal relaying manager 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for relaying first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE in accordance with a first Doppler measurement corresponding to the at least one RS resource and the first RS.
[0172] In some examples, the control signal manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the network entity, second control signaling including a RS resource index corresponding to the at least one RS resource of a set of multiple RS resources for the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE. In some examples, the wireless signal relaying manager 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting a Doppler compensation value corresponding to the first Doppler measurement based on the RS resource index where relaying the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE is based on the Doppler compensation value.
[0173] In some examples, the control signal manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, via the first control signaling, an indication of a second RS resource for receiving at least a second RS from a second UE. In some examples, the RS manager 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the second UE, a second RS via the second RS resource. In some examples, the wireless signal relaying manager 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for relaying second wireless signaling between the network entity and the second UE in accordance with a second Doppler measurement corresponding to the second RS resource and the second RS.
[0174] In some examples, the control signal manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a control message indicating a first portion of the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface and a second portion of the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, where relaying the first wireless signaling includes relaying the first wireless signaling via the first portion of the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, and where relaying the second wireless signaling includes relaying the second wireless signaling via the second portion of the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface.
[0175] In some examples, the control signal manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the network entity, second control signaling triggering a report by the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface of capability information associated with Doppler measurement and compensation capabilities at the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface. In some examples, the capability information manager 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the network entity according to the second control signaling, the capability information including the Doppler measurement and compensation capability information, where receiving the first control signaling is based on transmitting the capability information.
[0176] In some examples, the Doppler measurement and compensation capability information associated with the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface indicates storage capabilities, computational capabilities, meta-element configuration capabilities, or any combination thereof.
[0177] In some examples, the control signal manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, via the first control signaling, an indication that the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface is to perform a direction of arrival measurement based on the first RS.
[0178] In some examples, the control signal manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a control message indicating that the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface perform a direction of arrival measurement based on a second RS. In some examples, the direction of arrival manager 845 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing the direction of arrival measurement based on the control message, where receiving the first RS is based on the direction of arrival measurement.
[0179] In some examples, the RS manager 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving at least the first RS via the at least one RS resource. In some examples, the wireless signal relaying manager 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing the first Doppler measurement, where relaying the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE includes applying, to the first wireless signaling, a time-domain rotation coefficient that is based on the first Doppler measurement.
[0180] In some examples, the control signal manager 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, via second control signaling, an indication of a Doppler compensation margin corresponding to the first UE, where the time-domain rotation coefficient is based on the at least one Doppler compensation margin.
[0181] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of or include the components of a device 605, a device 705, or a H-RIS as described herein. The device 905 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 920, a transceiver 910, an antenna 915, at least one memory 925, code 930, and at least one processor 935. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 940) .
[0182] The transceiver 910 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 910 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 910 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 905 may include one or more antennas 915, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently) . The transceiver 910 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 915, by a wired transmitter) , to receive modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 915, from a wired receiver) , and to demodulate signals. In some implementations, the transceiver 910 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 915 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 915 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 910 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or one or more memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 910, or the transceiver 910 and the one or more antennas 915, or the transceiver 910 and the one or more antennas 915 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., the at least one processor 935, the at least one memory 925, or both) , may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 905. In some examples, the transceiver 910 may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., a communication link 125, a backhaul communication link 120, a midhaul communication link 162, a fronthaul communication link 168) .
[0183] The at least one memory 925 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. The at least one memory 925 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 930 including instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 935, cause the device 905 to perform various functions described herein. The code 930 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 930 may not be directly executable by a processor of the at least one processor 935 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 925 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, the at least one processor 935 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 925 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein (for example, as part of a processing system) .
[0184] The at least one processor 935 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 935 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 935. The at least one processor 935 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., one or more of the at least one memory 925) to cause the device 905 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios) . For example, the device 905 or a component of the device 905 may include at least one processor 935 and at least one memory 925 coupled with one or more of the at least one processor 935, the at least one processor 935 and the at least one memory 925 configured to perform various functions described herein. The at least one processor 935 may be an example of a cloud-computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 930) to perform the functions of the device 905. The at least one processor 935 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 905 (such as within one or more of the at least one memory 925) . In some examples, the at least one processor 935 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 925 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 935 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 935) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 925) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. As such, the at least one processor 935 or a processing system including the at least one processor 935 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 905 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code stored in the at least one memory 925 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0185] In some examples, a bus 940 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some examples, a bus 940 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack) , which may include communications performed within a component of the device 905, or between different components of the device 905 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 905 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 920, the transceiver 910, the at least one memory 925, the code 930, and the at least one processor 935 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components) .
[0186] In some examples, the communications manager 920 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) . For example, the communications manager 920 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 920 may manage communications with other network entities 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 in cooperation with other network entities 105. In some examples, the communications manager 920 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.
[0187] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a network entity, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource for receiving at least a first RS from a first UE. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the first UE, the first RS via the at least one RS resource. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for relaying first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE in accordance with a first Doppler measurement corresponding to the at least one RS resource and the first RS.
[0188] By including or configuring the communications manager 920 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 905 may support techniques for improved communication reliability and improved coordination between devices due to less communication errors. For example, the H-RISs described herein may be capable of assisting in communications more effectively, causing less communication errors that reduce communications reliability and create difficulties for coordinating between devices. Thus, the techniques described herein allow for improved communication reliability and improved coordination between devices.
[0189] In some examples, the communications manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 910, the one or more antennas 915 (e.g., where applicable) , or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 920 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 920 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 910, one or more of the at least one processor 935, one or more of the at least one memory 925, the code 930, or any combination thereof (for example, by a processing system including at least a portion of the at least one processor 935, the at least one memory 925, the code 930, or any combination thereof) . For example, the code 930 may include instructions executable by one or more of the at least one processor 935 to cause the device 905 to perform various aspects of Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios as described herein, or the at least one processor 935 and the at least one memory 925 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0190] FIG. 10 shows a diagram 1000 of a device 1005 that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of aspects of a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, a transmitter 1015, and a communications manager 1020. The device 1005, or one or more components of the device 1005 (e.g., the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, and the communications manager 1020) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0191] The receiver 1010 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1005. In some examples, the receiver 1010 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 1010 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.
[0192] The transmitter 1015 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 1005. For example, the transmitter 1015 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . In some examples, the transmitter 1015 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 1015 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1015 and the receiver 1010 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.
[0193] The communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0194] In some examples, the communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0195] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor. If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 1020, the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0196] In some examples, the communications manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or both. For example, the communications manager 1020 may receive information from the receiver 1010, send information to the transmitter 1015, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0197] The communications manager 1020 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource corresponding to at least a first RS from a first UE for performing one or more Doppler measurements. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the first UE, second control signaling indicating a first RS resource of the at least one RS resource for transmitting the first RS to the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface. The communications manager 1020 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating first wireless signaling with the first UE via a first wireless link including the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface and via a second wireless link between the network entity and the first UE.
[0198] By including or configuring the communications manager 1020 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1005 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, the communications manager 1020, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for more efficient utilization of communication resources. For example, the network entities 105 herein may configure H-RISs to be capable of assisting in communications more effectively, causing less communication errors that require extra communication resources. Thus, the techniques herein allow for more efficient utilization of communication resources.
[0199] FIG. 11 shows a diagram 1100 of a device 1105 that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1105 may be an example of aspects of a device 1005 or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1105 may include a receiver 1110, a transmitter 1115, and a communications manager 1120. The device 1105, or one of more components of the device 1105 (e.g., the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, and the communications manager 1120) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0200] The receiver 1110 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1105. In some examples, the receiver 1110 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 1110 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.
[0201] The transmitter 1115 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 1105. For example, the transmitter 1115 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . In some examples, the transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1115 and the receiver 1110 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.
[0202] The device 1105, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1120 may include a control signal manager 1125 a H-RIS communications manager 1130, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 1120 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1020 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 1120, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or both. For example, the communications manager 1120 may receive information from the receiver 1110, send information to the transmitter 1115, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0203] The communications manager 1120 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The control signal manager 1125 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource corresponding to at least a first RS from a first UE for performing one or more Doppler measurements. The control signal manager 1125 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the first UE, second control signaling indicating a first RS resource of the at least one RS resource for transmitting the first RS to the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface. The H-RIS communications manager 1130 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating first wireless signaling with the first UE via a first wireless link including the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface and via a second wireless link between the network entity and the first UE.
[0204] FIG. 12 shows a diagram 1200 of a communications manager 1220 that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1220 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1020, a communications manager 1120, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 1220, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1220 may include a control signal manager 1225, a H-RIS communications manager 1230, a capability information manager 1235, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) which may include communications within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with a network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with a network entity 105) , or any combination thereof.
[0205] The communications manager 1220 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The control signal manager 1225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource corresponding to at least a first RS from a first UE for performing one or more Doppler measurements. In some examples, the control signal manager 1225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the first UE, second control signaling indicating a first RS resource of the at least one RS resource for transmitting the first RS to the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface. The H-RIS communications manager 1230 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating first wireless signaling with the first UE via a first wireless link including the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface and via a second wireless link between the network entity and the first UE.
[0206] In some examples, the control signal manager 1225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, second control signaling including a RS resource index corresponding to the at least one RS resource of a set of multiple RS resources for the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE, where communicating the first wireless signaling is based on transmitting the second control signaling including the RS resource index.
[0207] In some examples, the control signal manager 1225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, via the first control signaling, an indication of a second RS resource for at least a second RS from a second UE. In some examples, the H-RIS communications manager 1230 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating second wireless signaling with the second UE via a third wireless link including the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface and via a fourth wireless link between the network entity and the second UE based on transmitting the first control signaling.
[0208] In some examples, the control signal manager 1225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a control message indicating a first portion of the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface and a second portion of the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, where communicating the first wireless signaling and the second wireless signaling is based on transmitting the control message.
[0209] In some examples, the control signal manager 1225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, second control signaling triggering a report by the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface of capability information associated with Doppler measurement and compensation capabilities at the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface. In some examples, the capability information manager 1235 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, the capability information including the Doppler measurement and compensation capability information, where transmitting the first control signaling is based on receiving the capability information.
[0210] In some examples, the Doppler measurement and compensation capability information associated with the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface indicates storage capabilities, computational capabilities, meta-element configuration capabilities, or any combination thereof.
[0211] In some examples, the control signal manager 1225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, via the first control signaling, an indication that the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface is to perform a direction of arrival measurement based on the first RS.
[0212] In some examples, the control signal manager 1225 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a control message indicating that the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface perform a direction of arrival measurement based on a second RS, where communicating the first wireless signaling is based on the control message.
[0213] FIG. 13 shows a diagram of a system 1300 including a device 1305 that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1305 may be an example of or include the components of a device 1005, a device 1105, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1305 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, which may include communications over one or more wired interfaces, over one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1305 may include components that support outputting and obtaining communications, such as a communications manager 1320, a transceiver 1310, an antenna 1315, at least one memory 1325, code 1330, and at least one processor 1335. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1340) .
[0214] The transceiver 1310 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1310 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1310 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1305 may include one or more antennas 1315, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently) . The transceiver 1310 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 1315, by a wired transmitter) , to receive modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 1315, from a wired receiver) , and to demodulate signals. In some implementations, the transceiver 1310 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1315 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1315 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1310 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or one or more memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1310, or the transceiver 1310 and the one or more antennas 1315, or the transceiver 1310 and the one or more antennas 1315 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., the at least one processor 1335, the at least one memory 1325, or both) , may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 1305. In some examples, the transceiver 1310 may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., a communication link 125, a backhaul communication link 120, a midhaul communication link 162, a fronthaul communication link 168) .
[0215] The at least one memory 1325 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. The at least one memory 1325 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1330 including instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 1335, cause the device 1305 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1330 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1330 may not be directly executable by a processor of the at least one processor 1335 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1325 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, the at least one processor 1335 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1325 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein (for example, as part of a processing system) .
[0216] The at least one processor 1335 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1335 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 1335. The at least one processor 1335 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., one or more of the at least one memory 1325) to cause the device 1305 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios) . For example, the device 1305 or a component of the device 1305 may include at least one processor 1335 and at least one memory 1325 coupled with one or more of the at least one processor 1335, the at least one processor 1335 and the at least one memory 1325 configured to perform various functions described herein. The at least one processor 1335 may be an example of a cloud-computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 1330) to perform the functions of the device 1305. The at least one processor 1335 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1305 (such as within one or more of the at least one memory 1325) . In some examples, the at least one processor 1335 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1325 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1335 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1335) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1325) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. As such, the at least one processor 1335 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1335 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1305 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code stored in the at least one memory 1325 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0217] In some examples, a bus 1340 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some examples, a bus 1340 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack) , which may include communications performed within a component of the device 1305, or between different components of the device 1305 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 1305 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 1320, the transceiver 1310, the at least one memory 1325, the code 1330, and the at least one processor 1335 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components) .
[0218] In some examples, the communications manager 1320 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) . For example, the communications manager 1320 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 1320 may manage communications with other network entities 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 in cooperation with other network entities 105. In some examples, the communications manager 1320 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.
[0219] The communications manager 1320 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1320 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource corresponding to at least a first RS from a first UE for performing one or more Doppler measurements. The communications manager 1320 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the first UE, second control signaling indicating a first RS resource of the at least one RS resource for transmitting the first RS to the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface. The communications manager 1320 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating first wireless signaling with the first UE via a first wireless link including the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface and via a second wireless link between the network entity and the first UE.
[0220] By including or configuring the communications manager 1320 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1305 may support techniques for improved communication reliability and improved coordination between devices due to less communication errors. For example, the network entities 105 described herein may configure H-RISs to be capable of assisting in communications more effectively, causing less communication errors that reduce communications reliability and create difficulties for coordinating between devices. Thus, the techniques described herein allow for improved communication reliability and improved coordination between devices.
[0221] In some examples, the communications manager 1320 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1310, the one or more antennas 1315 (e.g., where applicable) , or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1320 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1320 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 1310, one or more of the at least one processor 1335, one or more of the at least one memory 1325, the code 1330, or any combination thereof (for example, by a processing system including at least a portion of the at least one processor 1335, the at least one memory 1325, the code 1330, or any combination thereof) . For example, the code 1330 may include instructions executable by one or more of the at least one processor 1335 to cause the device 1305 to perform various aspects of Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios as described herein, or the at least one processor 1335 and the at least one memory 1325 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0222] FIG. 14 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by a H-RIS or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1400 may be performed by a H-RIS as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a H-RIS may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the H-RIS to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the H-RIS may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0223] At 1405, the method may include receiving, from a network entity, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource for receiving at least a first RS from a first UE. The operations of block 1405 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1405 may be performed by a control signal manager 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0224] At 1410, the method may include receiving, from the first UE, the first RS via the at least one RS resource. The operations of block 1410 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed by a RS manager 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0225] At 1415, the method may include relaying first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE in accordance with a first Doppler measurement corresponding to the at least one RS resource and the first RS. The operations of block 1415 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1415 may be performed by a wireless signal relaying manager 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0226] FIG. 15 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1500 that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a H-RIS or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1500 may be performed by a H-RIS as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a H-RIS may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the H-RIS to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the H-RIS may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0227] At 1505, the method may include receiving, from a network entity, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource for receiving at least a first RS from a first UE. The operations of block 1505 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed by a control signal manager 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0228] At 1510, the method may include receiving, from the network entity, second control signaling including a RS resource index corresponding to the at least one RS resource of a set of multiple RS resources for the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE. The operations of block 1510 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed by a control signal manager 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0229] At 1515, the method may include receiving, from the first UE, the first RS via the at least one RS resource. The operations of block 1515 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed by a RS manager 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0230] At 1520, the method may include selecting a Doppler compensation value corresponding to the first Doppler measurement based on the RS resource index where relaying the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE is based on the Doppler compensation value. The operations of block 1520 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1520 may be performed by a wireless signal relaying manager 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0231] At 1525, the method may include relaying first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE in accordance with a first Doppler measurement corresponding to the at least one RS resource and the first RS. The operations of block 1525 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1525 may be performed by a wireless signal relaying manager 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0232] FIG. 16 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1600 that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a H-RIS or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be performed by a H-RIS as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a H-RIS may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the H-RIS to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the H-RIS may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0233] At 1605, the method may include receiving, from a network entity, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource for receiving at least a first RS from a first UE. The operations of block 1605 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1605 may be performed by a control signal manager 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0234] At 1610, the method may include receiving, via the first control signaling, an indication of a second RS resource for receiving at least a second RS from a second UE. The operations of block 1610 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed by a control signal manager 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0235] At 1615, the method may include receiving, from the first UE, the first RS via the at least one RS resource. The operations of block 1615 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1615 may be performed by a RS manager 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0236] At 1620, the method may include receiving, from the second UE, the second RS via the second RS resource. The operations of block 1620 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1620 may be performed by a RS manager 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0237] At 1625, the method may include relaying first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE in accordance with a first Doppler measurement corresponding to the at least one RS resource and the first RS. The operations of block 1625 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1625 may be performed by a wireless signal relaying manager 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0238] At 1630, the method may include relaying second wireless signaling between the network entity and the second UE in accordance with a second Doppler measurement corresponding to the second RS resource and the second RS. The operations of block 1630 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1630 may be performed by a wireless signal relaying manager 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0239] FIG. 17 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be performed by a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 5 and 10 through 13. In some examples, a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0240] At 1705, the method may include transmitting, to a hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource corresponding to at least a first RS from a first UE for performing one or more Doppler measurements. The operations of block 1705 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed by a control signal manager 1225 as described with reference to FIG. 12.
[0241] At 1710, the method may include transmitting, to the first UE, second control signaling indicating a first RS resource of the at least one RS resource for transmitting the first RS to the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface. The operations of block 1710 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed by a control signal manager 1225 as described with reference to FIG. 12.
[0242] At 1715, the method may include communicating first wireless signaling with the first UE via a first wireless link including the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface and via a second wireless link between the network entity and the first UE. The operations of block 1715 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed by a H-RIS communications manager 1230 as described with reference to FIG. 12.
[0243] FIG. 18 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1800 that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1800 may be performed by a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 5 and 10 through 13. In some examples, a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0244] At 1805, the method may include transmitting, to a hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource corresponding to at least a first RS from a first UE for performing one or more Doppler measurements. The operations of block 1805 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1805 may be performed by a control signal manager 1225 as described with reference to FIG. 12.
[0245] At 1810, the method may include transmitting, to the first UE, second control signaling indicating a first RS resource of the at least one RS resource for transmitting the first RS to the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface. The operations of block 1810 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1810 may be performed by a control signal manager 1225 as described with reference to FIG. 12.
[0246] At 1815, the method may include transmitting, to the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, third control signaling including a RS resource index corresponding to the at least one RS resource of a set of multiple RS resources for the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE, where communicating the first wireless signaling is based on transmitting the third control signaling including the RS resource index. The operations of block 1815 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1815 may be performed by a control signal manager 1225 as described with reference to FIG. 12.
[0247] At 1820, the method may include communicating first wireless signaling with the first UE via a first wireless link including the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface and via a second wireless link between the network entity and the first UE. The operations of block 1820 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1820 may be performed by a H-RIS communications manager 1230 as described with reference to FIG. 12.
[0248] FIG. 19 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1900 that supports Doppler frequency measurement and compensation by H-RIS in high-speed movement scenarios in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1900 may be performed by a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 5 and 10 through 13. In some examples, a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0249] At 1905, the method may include transmitting, to a hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource corresponding to at least a first RS from a first UE for performing one or more Doppler measurements. The operations of block 1905 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1905 may be performed by a control signal manager 1225 as described with reference to FIG. 12.
[0250] At 1910, the method may include transmitting, via the first control signaling, an indication of a second RS resource for at least a second RS from a second UE. The operations of block 1910 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1910 may be performed by a control signal manager 1225 as described with reference to FIG. 12.
[0251] At 1915, the method may include transmitting, to the first UE, second control signaling indicating a first RS resource of the at least one RS resource for transmitting the first RS to the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface. The operations of block 1915 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1915 may be performed by a control signal manager 1225 as described with reference to FIG. 12.
[0252] At 1920, the method may include communicating first wireless signaling with the first UE via a first wireless link including the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface and via a second wireless link between the network entity and the first UE. The operations of block 1920 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1920 may be performed by a H-RIS communications manager 1230 as described with reference to FIG. 12.
[0253] At 1925, the method may include communicating second wireless signaling with the second UE via a third wireless link including the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface and via a fourth wireless link between the network entity and the second UE based on transmitting the first control signaling. The operations of block 1925 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1925 may be performed by a H-RIS communications manager 1230 as described with reference to FIG. 12.
[0254] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0255] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications at a H-RIS, comprising: receiving, from a network entity, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource for receiving at least a first RS from a first UE; receiving, from the first UE, the first RS via the at least one RS resource; and relaying first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE in accordance with a first Doppler measurement corresponding to the at least one RS resource and the first RS.
[0256] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, further comprising: receiving, from the network entity, second control signaling comprising a RS resource index corresponding to the at least one RS resource of a plurality of RS resources for the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE; and selecting a Doppler compensation value corresponding to the first Doppler measurement based at least in part on the RS resource index wherein relaying the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE is based at least in part on the Doppler compensation value.
[0257] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, further comprising: receiving, via the first control signaling, an indication of a second RS resource for receiving at least a second RS from a second UE; receiving, from the second UE, the second RS via the second RS resource; and relaying second wireless signaling between the network entity and the second UE in accordance with a second Doppler measurement corresponding to the second RS resource and the second RS.
[0258] Aspect 4: The method of aspect 3, further comprising: receiving a control message indicating a first portion of the H-RIS and a second portion of the H-RIS, wherein relaying the first wireless signaling comprises relaying the first wireless signaling via the first portion of the H-RIS, and wherein relaying the second wireless signaling comprises relaying the second wireless signaling via the second portion of the H-RIS.
[0259] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, further comprising: receiving, from the network entity, second control signaling triggering a report by the H-RIS of capability information associated with Doppler measurement and compensation capabilities at the H-RIS; and transmitting, to the network entity according to the second control signaling, the capability information comprising the Doppler measurement and compensation capability information, wherein receiving the first control signaling is based at least in part on transmitting the capability information.
[0260] Aspect 6: The method of aspect 5, wherein the Doppler measurement and compensation capability information associated with the H-RIS indicates storage capabilities, computational capabilities, meta-element configuration capabilities, or any combination thereof.
[0261] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, further comprising: receiving, via the first control signaling, an indication that the H-RIS is to perform a direction of arrival measurement based at least in part on the first RS.
[0262] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, further comprising: receiving a control message indicating that the H-RIS perform a direction of arrival measurement based at least in part on a second RS; and performing the direction of arrival measurement based at least in part on the control message, wherein receiving the first RS is based at least in part on the direction of arrival measurement.
[0263] Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 1 through 8, further comprising: receiving at least the first RS via the at least one RS resource; and performing the first Doppler measurement, wherein relaying the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE comprises applying, to the first wireless signaling, a time-domain rotation coefficient that is based at least in part on the first Doppler measurement.
[0264] Aspect 10: The method of aspect 9, further comprising: receiving, via second control signaling, an indication of a Doppler compensation margin corresponding to the first UE, wherein the time-domain rotation coefficient is based at least in part on the Doppler compensation margin.
[0265] Aspect 11: A method for wireless communications at a network entity, comprising: transmitting, to a H-RIS, first control signaling indicating at least one RS resource corresponding to at least a first RS from a first UE for performing one or more Doppler measurements; transmitting, to the first UE, second control signaling indicating a first RS resource of the at least one RS resource for transmitting the first RS to the H-RIS; and communicating first wireless signaling with the first UE via a first wireless link comprising the H-RIS and via a second wireless link between the network entity and the first UE.
[0266] Aspect 12: The method of aspect 11, further comprising: transmitting, to the H-RIS, third control signaling comprising a RS resource index corresponding to the at least one RS resource of a plurality of RS resources for the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE, wherein communicating the first wireless signaling is based at least in part on transmitting the third control signaling comprising the RS resource index.
[0267] Aspect 13: The method of any of aspects 11 through 12, further comprising: transmitting, via the first control signaling, an indication of a second RS resource for at least a second RS from a second UE; and communicating second wireless signaling with the second UE via a third wireless link comprising the H-RIS and via a fourth wireless link between the network entity and the second UE based at least in part on transmitting the first control signaling.
[0268] Aspect 14: The method of aspect 13, further comprising: transmitting a control message indicating a first portion of the H-RIS and a second portion of the H-RIS, wherein communicating the first wireless signaling and the second wireless signaling is based at least in part on transmitting the control message.
[0269] Aspect 15: The method of any of aspects 11 through 14, further comprising: transmitting, to the H-RIS, third control signaling triggering a report by the H-RIS of capability information associated with Doppler measurement and compensation capabilities at the H-RIS; and receiving, from the H-RIS, the capability information comprising the Doppler measurement and compensation capability information, wherein transmitting the first control signaling is based at least in part on receiving the capability information.
[0270] Aspect 16: The method of aspect 15, wherein the Doppler measurement and compensation capability information associated with the H-RIS indicates storage capabilities, computational capabilities, meta-element configuration capabilities, or any combination thereof.
[0271] Aspect 17: The method of any of aspects 11 through 16, further comprising: transmitting, via the first control signaling, an indication that the H-RIS is to perform a direction of arrival measurement based at least in part on the first RS.
[0272] Aspect 18: The method of any of aspects 11 through 17, further comprising: transmitting a control message indicating that the H-RIS perform a direction of arrival measurement based at least in part on a second RS, wherein communicating the first wireless signaling is based at least in part on the control message.
[0273] Aspect 19: A H-RIS for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the H-RIS to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 10.
[0274] Aspect 20: A H-RIS for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 10.
[0275] Aspect 21: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 10.
[0276] Aspect 22: A network entity for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to perform a method of any of aspects 11 through 18.
[0277] Aspect 23: A network entity for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 11 through 18.
[0278] Aspect 24: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 11 through 18.
[0279] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0280] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0281] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0282] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0283] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope and spirit of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described above can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations. As used herein, including in the claims, the term “and / or, ” when used in a list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items can be employed by itself, or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be employed. For example, if a composition is described as containing components A, B, and / or C, the composition can contain A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; or A, B, and C in combination. Also, as used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (for example, a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates a disjunctive list such that, for example, a list of “at least one of A, B, or C” means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) .
[0284] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0285] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0286] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “a component” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “acomponent” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0287] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0288] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label, or other subsequent reference label.
[0289] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration, ” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0290] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface to:receive, from a network entity, first control signaling indicating at least one reference signal resource for receiving at least a first reference signal from a first user equipment (UE) ;receive, from the first UE, the first reference signal via the at least one reference signal resource; andrelay first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE in accordance with a first Doppler measurement corresponding to the at least one reference signal resource and the first reference signal.2.The hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface to:receive, from the network entity, second control signaling comprising a reference signal resource index corresponding to the at least one reference signal resource of a plurality of reference signal resources for the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE; andselect a Doppler compensation value corresponding to the first Doppler measurement based at least in part on the reference signal resource index wherein relaying the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE is based at least in part on the Doppler compensation value.3.The hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface to:receive, via the first control signaling, an indication of a second reference signal resource for receiving at least a second reference signal from a second UE;receive, from the second UE, the second reference signal via the second reference signal resource; andrelay second wireless signaling between the network entity and the second UE in accordance with a second Doppler measurement corresponding to the second reference signal resource and the second reference signal.4.The hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface to:receive a control message indicating a first portion of the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface and a second portion of the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, wherein relaying the first wireless signaling comprises relaying the first wireless signaling via the first portion of the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, and wherein relaying the second wireless signaling comprises relaying the second wireless signaling via the second portion of the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface.5.The hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface to:receive, from the network entity, second control signaling triggering a report by the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface of capability information associated with Doppler measurement and compensation capabilities at the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface; andtransmit, to the network entity according to the second control signaling, the capability information comprising the Doppler measurement and compensation capability information, wherein receiving the first control signaling is based at least in part on transmitting the capability information.6.The hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface of claim 5, wherein the Doppler measurement and compensation capability information associated with the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface indicates storage capabilities, computational capabilities, meta-element configuration capabilities, or any combination thereof.7.The hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface to:receive, via the first control signaling, an indication that the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface is to perform a direction of arrival measurement based at least in part on the first reference signal.8.The hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface to:receive a control message indicating that the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface perform a direction of arrival measurement based at least in part on a second RS; andperform the direction of arrival measurement based at least in part on the control message, wherein receiving the first reference signal is based at least in part on the direction of arrival measurement.9.The hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface to:receive at least the first reference signal via the at least one reference signal resource; andperform the first Doppler measurement, wherein relaying the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE comprises applying, to the first wireless signaling, a time-domain rotation coefficient that is based at least in part on the first Doppler measurement.10.The hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface to:receive, via second control signaling, an indication of a Doppler compensation margin corresponding to the first UE, wherein the time-domain rotation coefficient is based at least in part on the Doppler compensation margin.11.A network entity, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to:transmit, to a hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, first control signaling indicating at least one reference signal resource corresponding to at least a first reference signal from a first user equipment (UE) for performing one or more Doppler measurements;transmit, to the first UE, second control signaling indicating a first reference signal resource of the at least one reference signal resource for transmitting the first reference signal to the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface; andcommunicate first wireless signaling with the first UE via a first wireless link comprising the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface and via a second wireless link between the network entity and the first UE.12.The network entity of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to:transmit, to the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, third control signaling comprising a reference signal resource index corresponding to the at least one reference signal resource of a plurality of reference signal resources for the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE, wherein communicating the first wireless signaling is based at least in part on transmitting the third control signaling comprising the reference signal resource index.13.The network entity of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to:transmit, via the first control signaling, an indication of a second reference signal resource for at least a second reference signal from a second UE; andcommunicate second wireless signaling with the second UE via a third wireless link comprising the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface and via a fourth wireless link between the network entity and the second UE based at least in part on transmitting the first control signaling.14.The network entity of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to:transmit a control message indicating a first portion of the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface and a second portion of the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, wherein communicating the first wireless signaling and the second wireless signaling is based at least in part on transmitting the control message.15.The network entity of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to:transmit, to the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, third control signaling triggering a report by the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface of capability information associated with Doppler measurement and compensation capabilities at the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface; andreceive, from the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, the capability information comprising the Doppler measurement and compensation capability information, wherein transmitting the first control signaling is based at least in part on receiving the capability information.16.The network entity of claim 15, wherein the Doppler measurement and compensation capability information associated with the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface indicates storage capabilities, computational capabilities, meta-element configuration capabilities, or any combination thereof.17.The network entity of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to:transmit, via the first control signaling, an indication that the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface is to perform a direction of arrival measurement based at least in part on the first reference signal.18.The network entity of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the network entity to:transmit a control message indicating that the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface perform a direction of arrival measurement based at least in part on a second RS, wherein communicating the first wireless signaling is based at least in part on the control message.19.A method for wireless communications at a hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, comprising:receiving, from a network entity, first control signaling indicating at least one reference signal resource for receiving at least a first reference signal from a first user equipment (UE) ;receiving, from the first UE, the first reference signal via the at least one reference signal resource; andrelaying first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE in accordance with a first Doppler measurement corresponding to the at least one reference signal resource and the first reference signal.20.The method of claim 19, further comprising:receiving, from the network entity, second control signaling comprising a reference signal resource index corresponding to the at least one reference signal resource of a plurality of reference signal resources for the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE; andselecting a Doppler compensation value corresponding to the first Doppler measurement based at least in part on the reference signal resource index wherein relaying the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE is based at least in part on the Doppler compensation value.21.The method of claim 19, further comprising:receiving, via the first control signaling, an indication of a second reference signal resource for receiving at least a second reference signal from a second UE;receiving, from the second UE, the second reference signal via the second reference signal resource; andrelaying second wireless signaling between the network entity and the second UE in accordance with a second Doppler measurement corresponding to the second reference signal resource and the second reference signal.22.The method of claim 19, further comprising:receiving, from the network entity, second control signaling triggering a report by the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface of capability information associated with Doppler measurement and compensation capabilities at the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface; andtransmitting, to the network entity according to the second control signaling, the capability information comprising the Doppler measurement and compensation capability information, wherein receiving the first control signaling is based at least in part on transmitting the capability information.23.The method of claim 19, further comprising:receiving, via the first control signaling, an indication that the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface is to perform a direction of arrival measurement based at least in part on the first reference signal.24.The method of claim 19, further comprising:receiving a control message indicating that the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface perform a direction of arrival measurement based at least in part on a second RS; andperforming the direction of arrival measurement based at least in part on the control message, wherein receiving the first reference signal is based at least in part on the direction of arrival measurement.25.The method of claim 19, further comprising:receiving at least the first reference signal via the at least one reference signal resource; andperforming the first Doppler measurement, wherein relaying the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE comprises applying, to the first wireless signaling, a time-domain rotation coefficient that is based at least in part on the first Doppler measurement.26.A method for wireless communications at a network entity, comprising:transmitting, to a hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, first control signaling indicating at least one reference signal resource corresponding to at least a first reference signal from a first user equipment (UE) for performing one or more Doppler measurements;transmitting, to the first UE, second control signaling indicating a first reference signal resource of the at least one reference signal resource for transmitting the first reference signal to the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface; andcommunicating first wireless signaling with the first UE via a first wireless link comprising the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface and via a second wireless link between the network entity and the first UE.27.The method of claim 26, further comprising:transmitting, to the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, third control signaling comprising a reference signal resource index corresponding to the at least one reference signal resource of a plurality of reference signal resources for the first wireless signaling between the network entity and the first UE, wherein communicating the first wireless signaling is based at least in part on transmitting the third control signaling comprising the reference signal resource index.28.The method of claim 26, further comprising:transmitting, via the first control signaling, an indication of a second reference signal resource for at least a second reference signal from a second UE; andcommunicating second wireless signaling with the second UE via a third wireless link comprising the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface and via a fourth wireless link between the network entity and the second UE based at least in part on transmitting the first control signaling.29.The method of claim 28, further comprising:transmitting a control message indicating a first portion of the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface and a second portion of the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, wherein communicating the first wireless signaling and the second wireless signaling is based at least in part on transmitting the control message.29.[Corrected under Rule 26, 27.09.2023][Deleted]30.[Corrected under Rule 26, 27.09.2023]The method of claim 26, further comprising:transmitting, to the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, third control signaling triggering a report by the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface of capability information associated with Doppler measurement and compensation capabilities at the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface; andreceiving, from the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface, the capability information comprising the Doppler measurement and compensation capability information, wherein transmitting the first control signaling is based at least in part on receiving the capability information.
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