Power control of wireless power transfer
The method addresses the inefficiencies in current WPT systems by using HARQ feedback for dynamic power control, optimizing transmission power and enhancing efficiency in wireless power transfer.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/118909
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-20
AI Technical Summary
Current wireless power transfer (WPT) systems face challenges in efficiently controlling transmission power, particularly in Open Loop power control schemes used for sidelink communications in 5G systems. This leads to suboptimal wireless power transmission efficiency due to increased co-channel interference and limited power control overhead.
The proposed solution involves a method for HARQ feedback-based WPT power control, where a first device transmits a wireless power transfer signal to a second device, and the second device provides feedback information for transmission power control. This feedback is used to adjust the transmission power for subsequent transmissions, optimizing the receiving power and enhancing efficiency.
This approach enables efficient closed-loop power control for WPT, reducing co-channel interference and optimizing power transfer efficiency by dynamically adjusting transmission power based on feedback from the receiving device.
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Figure CN2023118909_20032025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
POWER CONTROL OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSFERFIELD
[0001] Various example embodiments relate to the field of communications and in particular, to devices, methods, apparatuses and a computer readable storage medium for power control of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) .BACKGROUND
[0002] In the communications area, there is a constant evolution ongoing in order to provide efficient and reliable solutions for utilizing wireless communication networks. Each new generation has its own technical challenges for handling the different situations and processes that are needed to connect and serve devices connected to the wireless network. To meet the demand for wireless data traffic having increased since deployment of 4th generation (4G) communication systems, efforts have been made to develop an improved 5th generation (5G) , pre-5G communication system, 6th generation (6G) communication systems or beyond. The new communication systems can support various types of service applications for terminal devices.
[0003] In wireless communication systems, it is often required to either increase or decrease the transmit power of user equipment (UE) . This is known as uplink power control. Transmit power is increased to meet required signal-per-noise ratio (SNR) or bit-error rate (BER) at the gNB. Transmit power is decreased to minimize co-channel interference of the 5G system. There are two types of power controls e.g., Open Loop Power Control and Closed Loop Power Control. In the Open Loop Power Control, there is no feedback either from UE to gNB or from UE to gNB. In the Closed Loop Power Control, feedback is used for adjusting the transmit power level. In new radio (NR) V2X, SL power control is supported for Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) , Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) , Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH) and Sidelink Synchronization Signal Block (S-SSB) transmissions. As transmission power control (TPC) commands are not supported for NR V2X SL, the SL power control scheme is Open Loop.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for power control of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) , especially for Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback based WPT power control.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program codes; the at least one memory and the computer program codes are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the first device to transmit, to a second device, a first transmission for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device to the second device; obtain, from the second device, feedback information of the first transmission, wherein the feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT; and transmit, to the second device, the second transmission using a transmission power based on at least one of the feedback information or a receiving power of the feedback information.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program codes; the at least one memory and the computer program codes are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the device to receive, from a first device, a first transmission for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device to the second device; and provide, to the first device, feedback information of the first transmission, wherein the feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a network device. The network device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program codes; the at least one memory and the computer program codes are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the network device to receive, from a first terminal device, information indicating a preferred receiving power at a second terminal device for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first terminal device to the second terminal device, and a maximum transmission power of the first terminal device; and transmit, to the first terminal device, a set of power values based on the information, wherein the set of power values is for determining a transmission power for a transmission for the WPT, and wherein the set of power values correspond to a plurality of transmissions for the WPT.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises: transmitting, at a first device and to a second device, a first transmission for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device to the second device; obtaining, from the second device, feedback information of the first transmission, wherein the feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT; and transmitting, to the second device, the second transmission using a transmission power based on at least one of the feedback information or a receiving power of the feedback information.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving, at a second device and from a first device, a first transmission for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device to the second device; and providing, to the first device, feedback information of the first transmission, wherein the feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving, at a network device and from a first terminal device, information indicating a preferred receiving power at a second terminal device for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first terminal device to the second terminal device, and a maximum transmission power of the first terminal device; and transmitting, to the first terminal device, a set of power values based on the information, wherein the set of power values is for determining a transmission power for a transmission for the WPT, and wherein the set of power values correspond to a plurality of transmissions for the WPT.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising means for transmitting, at a first device and to a second device, a first transmission for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device to the second device; means for obtaining, from the second device, feedback information of the first transmission, wherein the feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT; and means for transmitting, to the second device, the second transmission using a transmission power based on at least one of the feedback information or a receiving power of the feedback information.
[0012] In an eighth aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising means for receiving, at a second device and from a first device, a first transmission for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device to the second device; and means for providing, to the first device, feedback information of the first transmission, wherein the feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT.
[0013] In a ninth aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising means for receiving, at a network device and from a first terminal device, information indicating a preferred receiving power at a second terminal device for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first terminal device to the second terminal device, and a maximum transmission power of the first terminal device; and means for transmitting, to the first terminal device, a set of power values based on the information, wherein the set of power values is for determining a transmission power for a transmission for the WPT, and wherein the set of power values correspond to a plurality of transmissions for the WPT.
[0014] In a tenth aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to any one of the above fourth to sixth aspect.
[0015] In an eleventh aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a second device, a first transmission for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device to the second device; obtain, from the second device, feedback information of the first transmission, wherein the feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT; and transmit, to the second device, the second transmission using a transmission power based on at least one of the feedback information or a receiving power of the feedback information.
[0016] In a twelfth aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a first device, a first transmission for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device to the second device; and provide, to the first device, feedback information of the first transmission, wherein the feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT.
[0017] In a thirteenth aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a first terminal device, information indicating a preferred receiving power at a second terminal device for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first terminal device to the second terminal device, and a maximum transmission power of the first terminal device; and transmit, to the first terminal device, a set of power values based on the information, wherein the set of power values is for determining a transmission power for a transmission for the WPT, and wherein the set of power values correspond to a plurality of transmissions for the WPT.
[0018] In a fourteenth aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to a second device, a first transmission for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device to the second device; obtaining circuitry configured to obtain, from the second device, feedback information of the first transmission, wherein the feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT; and transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to the second device, the second transmission using a transmission power based on at least one of the feedback information or a receiving power of the feedback information.
[0019] In a fifteenth aspect, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises receiving circuitry configured to receive, from a first device, a first transmission for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device to the second device; and providing circuitry configured to provide, to the first device, feedback information of the first transmission, wherein the feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT.
[0020] In a sixteenth aspect, there is provided a network device. The network device comprises receiving circuitry configured to receive, from a first terminal device, information indicating a preferred receiving power at a second terminal device for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first terminal device to the second terminal device, and a maximum transmission power of the first terminal device; and transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to the first terminal device, a set of power values based on the information, wherein the set of power values is for determining a transmission power for a transmission for the WPT, and wherein the set of power values correspond to a plurality of transmissions for the WPT.
[0021] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0023] Fig. 1A illustrates an example communication network in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0024] Fig. 1B illustrates an example of sidelink power control based on DL pathloss and SL pathloss;
[0025] Fig. 1C illustrates a general microwave rectifier conversion efficiency curve at different input power;
[0026] Fig. 2A illustrates a flowchart illustrating a process for HARQ feedback based WPT power control according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] Fig. 2B illustrates a flowchart illustrating a process for obtaining a set of power values for determining the transmission power according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] Fig. 3 illustrates an example of HARQ feedback triggered WPT power adjustment according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] Fig. 4 illustrates an example of HARQ feedback power measurement triggered WPT power adjustment according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0030] Fig. 5 illustrates an example of Uu HARQ feedback based WPT power control messaging according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0031] Fig. 6 illustrates an example of SL HARQ feedback based WPT power control messaging according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0032] Fig. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0033] Fig. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a second device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0034] Fig. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a network device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0035] Fig. 10 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0036] Fig. 11 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0037] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0038] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0039] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0040] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0041] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0042] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0043] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:
[0044] (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and
[0045] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0046] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and
[0047] (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and
[0048] (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0049] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0050] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as 5G New Radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the future fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0051] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology.
[0052] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0053] In wireless systems, it is often required to either increase or decrease the transmit power of UE towards a serving base station or gNB. This is known as uplink power control. Transmit power is increased to meet required SNR or BER at the gNB. Transmit power is decreased to minimize co-channel interference of the 5G system. There are two types of power controls e.g., Open Loop Power Control and Closed Loop Power Control. In the Open Loop Power Control, there is no feedback either from UE to gNB or from UE to gNB. In the Closed Loop Power Control, feedback is used for adjusting the transmit power level. The gNB receives a signal from the UE. Based on this receiving power level as well as other parameters such as SNR and BER, the gNB determines what is the optimum power level the UE needs to transmit to achieve effective communication link performance. This estimated power level is communicated to the UE by the gNB (using transmission power control (TPC) command via Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) for example) . The UE adjusts the power level accordingly using the feedback provided by the gNB. In NR sidelink (SL) communications for Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) or Proximity Services (ProSe) , SL power control is supported for PSCCH, PSSCH, PSFCH and S-SSB transmissions. As transmission power control (TPC) commands are not supported for NR V2X SL, the SL power control scheme is Open Loop. For the SL power control, a maximum transmit power PMAX is (pre-) configured at the transmitting (TX) UE. SL power control is supported for unicast and groupcast transmissions in NR V2X or ProSe.
[0054] A Single Frequency Network (SFN) is a network of transmitting stations or devices that use the same frequency to transmit the same information. A Single Frequency Network is a means to extend the coverage area without the use of additional frequencies (resources) . A SFN is particularly interesting for broadcasting. Both T-DAB (digital radio via terrestrial transmitters) and DVB-T (digital television via terrestrial transmitters) have the possibility for a single frequency network. A SFN can be used with other radio communication systems, such as wireless local area networks and cellular networks as well.
[0055] Some embodiments of the present disclosure target power control of wireless power transfer (WPT) , for example, implicit closed loop power control, such as, for SFN based wireless power transfer groupcast / broadcast transmission over SL with “zero” control overhead. To support power control for SFN based wireless power transfer groupcast / broadcast transmission over SL, below observed problems may need to be solved. Observation-1: for groupcast PSSCH Open Loop power control based on SL pathloss, RX UEs need to feed back their RSRP to the TX UE, which can lead to a large overhead. Observation-2: for the PSSCH Open Loop power control that is based on the downlink (DL) pathloss, TX UEs near the gNB is managed to transmit PSSCH at a limited low power that reduces wireless power transmission efficiency. Observation-3: for the TPC command based Closed Loop power control, additional MAC CE or sidelink control information (SCI) transmission will consume more TX UE power and add control / power overhead to both TX (encode TPC information) UE and RX (decode TPC information) UE.
[0056] Principle and embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Reference is first made to Fig. 1A, which illustrates an example communication system 100 (or referred to as communication network) in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. The system 100 includes at least one network device and at least one terminal device. A network device 120 is shown as an example of one of the at least one network device.
[0057] In some examples, one of the at least one terminal device may be referred to as a second device (e.g. the second device 220 below) , as shown in a system 100a, a terminal device 110 may be the second device, and the network device 120 may be referred to as a first device (e.g. the first device 210 below) , and in such examples, the terminal device 110 is in a coverage area 100c of the network device 120.
[0058] In some other examples, one of the at least one terminal device may be referred to as a second terminal device, and another of the at least one terminal device may be referred to as a first terminal device, as shown in system 100b, a terminal device 110 may be the second terminal device, and a terminal device 130 may be a first terminal device (e.g. the first terminal device 230 below) . In such examples, the first terminal device may also be referred to as a first device, and the second terminal device may also be referred to as a second device. The terminal device 130 may be in or not in the coverage area 100c of the network device 120, and the terminal device 110 may be not in the coverage area 100c of the network device 120.
[0059] In some examples, the communication system 100 may be the system 100a, or the system 100b, or the combination thereof. In the system 100a, the first device (e.g. the network 120) and the second device (e.g. the terminal device 110) communicates via uplink / downlink. In the system 100b, the first device (e.g. the terminal device 130) and the second device (e.g. the terminal device 110) communicates via sidelink. It is to be understood that the number of network devices and terminal devices is only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations. The system 100 may include any suitable number of network devices and terminal devices adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0060] Communications in the communication system 100 may be implemented according to any proper communication protocol (s) , comprising, but not limited to, cellular communication protocols of the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) and the fifth generation (5G) and on the like, wireless local network communication protocols such as Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , Time Division Duplex (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) , Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) and / or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0061] As mentioned above, SL power control is supported for unicast and groupcast transmissions in NR V2X. For a unicast transmission, the PSSCH power control can be configured to use the DL pathloss PLDL (between the gNB and TX UE) only, the SL pathloss PLSL (between TX UE and RX UE) only, or both DL pathloss PLDL and SL pathloss PLSL. The PSSCH power control can be based on the DL pathloss PLDL when the TX UE is in network coverage. This allows mitigating the interference at the gNB (for uplink reception) , similar to the SL power control in LTE V2X. If the PSSCH power control is based on the DL pathloss only, TX UEs near the gNB transmit PSSCH at a lower power than TX UEs farther away from the gNB. The DL pathloss-based PSSCH power control can be enabled or disabled by the gNB. The DL pathloss can be derived at the TX UE based on measurements of reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS or SSB) sent by the gNB. The PSSCH power control can also be based on the SL pathloss PLSL between the TX UE and the RX UE. This allows compensating the attenuation in the SL channel. For instance, a TX UE that is far away from the gNB may transmit PSSCH at a larger power than necessary when the PSSCH power control is configured to use DL pathloss only. However, if the PSSCH power control takes the SL pathloss also into account, this may avoid that a TX UE transmits at a large power as shown in Fig. 1B, which illustrates an example of sidelink power control based on DL pathloss and SL pathloss. The SL pathloss-based PSSCH power control can be used when the TX UE is in or out of network coverage. The SL pathloss-based PSSCH power control can be enabled or disabled via (pre-) configuration.
[0062] For a groupcast transmission, the PSSCH power control can be configured to use the DL pathloss. Although the use of SL pathloss for groupcast PSSCH power control was discussed during the development of Rel. 16 NR V2X, it was finally agreed that SL pathloss-based PSSCH power control is not supported for groupcast in NR V2X. 3GPP SA1 Rel-19 TR 22.840 targets potential Ambient / Passive IoT device energy harvesting.
[0063] To address TR 22.840 use cases and scenarios, RAN Rel-19 SI “FS_Ambient_IoT_RAN” (RP-222685) propose Uu and sidelink based ambient / passive IoT device energy harvesting.
[0064] Since groupcast / broadcast transmission is naturally supported by SFN, SFN may be used for improving Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) . However, during RF energy harvesting, the RF-DC conversion efficiency is approximately equal to rectifier diode efficiency. Fig. 1C shows a general microwave rectifier conversion efficiency curve at different input power, where the efficiency firstly increases monotonically to its maximum value at a specific input power level and then decreases as the input power becomes larger. The diode efficiency changes at the low input power region and the high input power region are caused by the following two different mechanisms, respectively: loss due to forward diode build-in potential in the low input power region; and loss due to diode breakdown voltage in the high input power region. Thus, there is an optimized receiving power level as the input power for WPT based charging at Rx UE, also referred to as preferred WPT Rx power.
[0065] Reference is now made to Fig. 2A, which shows a process 200a for HARQ feedback based WPT power control according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 2A, in the process 200a, a first device 210 and a second device 220 are involved. The first device 210 may be the same as the first device mentioned in Fig. 1A. In some embodiments, the first device 210 may be a network device, such as the network device 120 in the system 100a. In some other embodiments, the first device 210 may be a terminal device (referred to as the first terminal device) , such as the terminal device 130 in the system 100b. The second device 220 may be the same as the second device mentioned in Fig. 1A, and may be a terminal device, such as the terminal device 110 in the system 100a or 100b. In some examples, the second device may be a passive Internet of Things (IoT) device.
[0066] The first device 210 may transmit (202) , to the second device 220, a first transmission 251 for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device 210 to the second device 220. On the second device 220 side, the second device 220 may receive (204) the first transmission. The receiving of the second device 220 is for WPT or, that is, harvesting energy of the first transmission 251 for a wireless power charging (WPC) at the second device 220, instead of decoding the first transmission. The second device 220 may provide, to the first device 210, feedback information 252 of the first transmission 251. The feedback information 252 is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission 253 for the WPT. The feedback information 252 is not for acknowledging whether a corresponding transmission, the first transmission 251, is received correctly at the second device 220. The feedback information 252 may comprise a transmission power control (TPC) command for the second transmission 253. In some examples, the TPC command may indicate that the transmission power is to be increased. In some other examples, the TPC command may indicate that the transmission power is to be decreased. In some further examples, the TPC command may indicate that the transmission power is to be unchanged.
[0067] The second device 220 may determine, based on a preferred receiving power for the WPT and a measured receiving power for the WPT, the feedback information 252. In some examples, the measured receiving power for the WPT may be obtained at the second device 220 by measuring a receiving power of a transmission of a message for the WPT from the first device 210 to the second device 220. The receiving power of the message for the WPT is meant for harvesting power of the transmission / reception of the message and not for receiving and decoding the message. In some examples, the second device 220 may, based on determining that a measured receiving power for the WPT is lower than a preferred receiving power for the WPT, transmit, to the first device, one of an ACK or a NACK for a TPC command that the transmission power is to be increased. In some other examples, the second device 220 may, based on determining that the measured receiving power is higher than the preferred receiving power, transmit, to the first device, the other one of the ACK or the NACK for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be decreased. In some further examples, the second device 220 may, based on determining that the measured receiving power is equal to the preferred receiving power, perform DTX for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be unchanged. In some embodiments, the second device 220 may, based on determining that the transmission power is determined by the first device based on a receiving power of the feedback information 252, transmit, to the first device 210, one of an ACK or a NACK.
[0068] On the first device 210 side, the first device 210 may obtain, from the second device 220, the feedback information 252. In some embodiments, the first transmission 251 or the second transmission 253 may be based on using a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process. In some embodiments, the first transmission 251 and the second transmission 253 are among a plurality of transmissions from the first device 210 to the second device 220 for the WPT. In some examples, the plurality of transmissions may be a plurality of transmissions of a message for the WPT from the first device 210 to the second device 220. For example, the first transmission and the second transmission may be different transmissions of the message.
[0069] At the second device 220, in order to provide the feedback information 252, the second device 220 may transmit (206a) the feedback information 252 to the first device 210, for example, may transmit an acknowledgement (ACK) or a negative acknowledgement (NACK) to the first device 210. On the first device 210 side, in order to obtain the feedback information 252, the first device 210 may receive (208a) , from the second device 220, the feedback information 252, such as the ACK or the NACK. In some examples, the second device 220 may provide the feedback information 252 by performing (206b) discontinuous transmission (DTX) , that is, transmitting neither the ACK nor the NACK. On the first device 210 side, the first device 210 may obtain the feedback information 252 by failing to receive the ACK or the NACK, as shown as 208b.
[0070] Based on the feedback information 252 or the receiving power of the feedback information 252 or both of them, the first device 210 may determine a transmission power. The transmission power may be used for the second transmission 253.
[0071] In some embodiments, during the process of determining the transmission power based on the feedback information 252, in some examples, the first device 210 may, based on receiving one of an ACK or a NACK for a TPC command that the transmission power is to be increased, increase the transmission power by a first determined value. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the first device 210 may, based on receiving the other one of the ACK and the NACK for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be decreased, decrease the transmission power by a second determined value. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the first device 210 may, based on failing to receive the ACK or the NACK for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be unchanged, maintain the transmission power unchanged. The first determined value and the second determined value may be determined at the first device 210. The adjusted transmission power is no more than a maximum transmission power of the first device 210.
[0072] The second device 220 may transmit, to the first device 210, information (may be referred to as first information) indicating a preferred receiving power for the WPT. On the first device 210 side, the first device 210 may receive, from the second device 220, the first information indicating the preferred receiving power for the WPT. Based on the preferred receiving power, the first device 210 may determine or obtain a set of power values for determining the transmission power, wherein the set of power values correspond to the plurality of transmissions. For example, the first device 210 may determine or obtain WPT TPC patterns which indicates the set of power values corresponding to the plurality of transmissions. In some examples, the first device 210 may determine, based on the preferred receiving power and the maximum transmission power of the first device 210, the set of power values. In some other examples, the first device 210 may be a terminal device (may be referred to as the first terminal device, e.g., the terminal device 130 in Fig. 1A) , then in order to obtain the set of power values, the first device 210 may transmit, to a network device (e.g. the network device 120 in Fig. 1A) , second information indicating the preferred receiving power and a maximum transmission power of the terminal device (i.e. the first device 210) , and then the first device 210 may receive, from the network device, the set of power values.
[0073] In some other embodiments, in the process of determining the transmission power based on the feedback information 252, in some examples, the first device 210 may, based on receiving one of an ACK or a NACK for a TPC command that the transmission power is to be increased, increase the transmission power by a first power value among the set of power values. In some other examples, the first device 210 may, based on receiving the other one of the ACK and the NACK for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be decreased, decrease the transmission power by a second power value among the set of power values. In some further examples, the first device 210 may, based on failing to receive the ACK or the NACK for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be unchanged, maintain the transmission power unchanged.
[0074] In some embodiments, based on the preferred receiving power, the first device 210 may further determine a threshold for the receiving power of the feedback information 252. The feedback information 252 may comprise the ACK or the NACK. In the process of determining the transmission power based on the receiving power of the feedback information 252, in some examples, the first device 210 may, based on determining that the receiving power is below the threshold, increase the transmission power by a third determined value. In some other examples, the first device 210 may, based on determining that the receiving power is above the threshold, decrease the transmission power by a fourth determined value. In some further examples, the first device 210 may, based on determining that the receiving power is equal to the threshold, maintain the transmission power unchanged. The third determined value and the fourth determined value may be determined at the first device 210. The adjusted transmission power is no more than a maximum transmission power of the first device 210.
[0075] In some other embodiments, during the process of determining the transmission power based on the receiving power of the feedback information 252, in some examples, the first device 210 may, based on determining that the receiving power is below the threshold, increase the transmission power by a third power value among the set of power values. In some other examples, the first device 210 may, based on determining that the receiving power is above the threshold, decrease the transmission power by a fourth power value among the set of power values. In some further examples, the first device 210 may, based on determining that the receiving power is equal to the threshold, maintain the transmission power unchanged.
[0076] As mentioned above, in some examples, the second device is a terminal device, and the first device is a network device, in such examples, the feedback information 252 is HARQ feedback over uplink. In some other examples, the second device is a second terminal device, the first device is a first terminal device, in such examples, the feedback information 252 is HARQ feedback over sidelink.
[0077] In some embodiments, the HARQ process comprises a single HARQ transmission. Specifically, for example, a maximum number of HARQ (re) transmissions may be set as 1, that is, each transmission of the message is performed as a HARQ transmission of a new data. Thus, the HARQ process is renewed for each transmission of the message.
[0078] In some embodiments, the first device is one of a plurality of serving devices for the WPT to the second device, and the plurality of serving devices use a same time and frequency resource to transmit, to the second device, a plurality of transmissions for the WPT. That is, the WPT is provided using SFN by the plurality of serving devices.
[0079] Continuing with reference to Fig. 2A, the first device 210 may transmit (253) , to the second device 220, the second transmission 253 using the transmission power based on the feedback information 252 and / or the receiving power of the feedback information 252.
[0080] Fig. 2B illustrates a flowchart illustrating a process 200b for obtaining a set of power values for determining the transmission power according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the process 200b, a first terminal device 230 and a network device are involved. The first terminal device 230 may be the same as the terminal device 130 in the system 100b of Fig. 1A, the second terminal device may be the same as the terminal device 110 in the system 100b of Fig. 1A, and the network device 240 may be the same as the network device 120 in the system 100b of Fig. 1A.
[0081] The first terminal device 230 may transmit (201) , to the network device 240, information 254 indicating a preferred receiving power at the second terminal device for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first terminal device 230 to the second terminal device, and a maximum transmission power of the first terminal device 230. On the network device 240 side, the network device 240 may receive (203) , from the first terminal device 230, the information 254. The network device 240 may determine, based on the information 254, a set of power values. Specifically, the network device 240 may determine the set of power values 255 based on the preferred receiving power and the maximum transmission power above. Then the network device 240 may transmit (205) , to the first terminal device 230, the set of power values 255 based on the information 254. The set of power values 255 is for determining a transmission power for a transmission for the WPT, and the set of power values 255 correspond to a plurality of transmissions for the WPT.
[0082] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a WPT capable gNB or a WPT capable UE serving as a WPT provider or WPT transmitting (TX) device to a WPT receiving (RX) device or WPT RX UE may handle HARQ feedback from WPT RX UE over uplink or sidelink as a TPC request information or command and directly adjust the TX power for the WPT, or the gNB / UE is triggered to measure the receiving power on received HARQ feedback and further adjust the TX power for the WPT. That is, WPT RX UE may control transmission power for the WPT via providing HARQ feedback to the WPT TX gNB / UE with new given meanings as TCP commands so no additional power control command transmission is need. It is noted that WPT transmission by gNB over Uu or UE over SL is not for delivering data to WPT RX UE and therefore regular HARQ feedback on whether data in form of a HARQ Transport Block (TB) is received correctly or not by WPT Rx UE is not needed. HARQ is used with feedback in a new way for an efficient WPT. Some embodiments may be applied for WPT using either unicast or SFN based groupcast / broadcast over Uu from the serving gNB (s) or over SL from the serving UE (s) . It is noted that SFN based groupcast / broadcast transmission towards a targeted RX UE appears as unicast transmission to RX UE.
[0083] In particular, as WPT is provided via transmitting a WPT message by either gNB or WPT capable UE using selected / scheduled resources over either Uu or SL, a feedback mechanism based on using HARQ in order to enable simple and efficient closed-loop power control is proposed. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, HARQ ACK / NACK / DRX is not used for acknowledging the reception of the WPT message as in regular HARQ operation but for the purpose of providing TPC commands, with reference to Fig. 3 which illustrates an example of HARQ feedback triggered WPT power adjustment according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the following options are considered: option A (i) : ACK is for Up, NACK is for Down, and discontinuous transmission (DTX) is for Keep (see Table 1. i) , additionally or alternatively, option A (ii) : predefined patterns of ACKs, NACKs, and / or DTXs may be used as well in addition to or instead of the previous options in option A (i) for conveying Up, Down, or Keep in different scales or resolutions for examples (see Table 1. ii) . For examples, the predefined patterns of ACKs, NACKs, and / or DTXs may consider an ACK after a number of consecutive ACKs or DTXs or a NACK after a number of consecutive NACKs or DTXs in order to adjust the transmission power with larger or smaller step-up or step-down value.
[0084] Table 1. HARQ Feedback Triggered WPT Power Adjustment Table
[0085] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, HARQ ACK / NACK is not used for acknowledging the reception of the WPT message as in regular HARQ operation but for the purpose of enabling Tx side to measure receiving power on received ACK / NACK so as to further adjust its Tx power, with reference to Fig. 4 which illustrates an example of HARQ feedback power measurement triggered WPT power adjustment according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the following options are considered: option B (i) : higher receiving power on ACK / NACK may cause Tx power adjustment with larger Up / Down step (see Table 2) , additionally or alternatively, option B (ii) : because WPT may be provided by more than one Tx UEs in SFN over sidelink (SL) for example, Tx UE with low receiving power upon receiving a Down command may stop transmitting for WPT. The examples above may be applied for WPT over either Uu or SL.
[0086] Table 2. HARQ Feedback Power Measurement Triggered WPT Power Adjustment
[0087] The HARQ process to be used for transmitting the WPT message may consist of a single HARQ transmission or, that is, the HARQ process is renewed after the first transmission periodically and therefore the “new data indicator” is always set as True. This is preferred to SFN, as the contents of sidelink control information (SCI) and transport block (TB) need to be fully in synch, considering the case the WPT is provided over sidelink for example. This also helps ease resource allocation, e.g., using grant-free scheduling and / or periodical resource allocation and reservation and thus further reduce the need for RX UE to monitor downlink control information (DCI) or SCI while receiving WPT.
[0088] Fig. 5 illustrates an example of Uu HARQ feedback based WPT power control messaging according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. An example process 500 as shown in Fig. 5 is based on the following preconditions: passive IoT (P-IoT) Tag 510 completes UE Registration procedure and is radio resource control (RRC) connected (as shown at 501) ; and beamformed WPT message transmission is assumed to the serving gNB, to avoid interference on Uu interface. In Fig. 5, the P-IoT Tag 510 is an example of the second device, and WPT serving gNB 520 is an example of the first device. The P-IoT Tag 510 may be referred to as a tag 510. The WPT serving gNB 520 may be also referred to as a WPT capable gNB 520, and may be referred to as a serving gNB 520.
[0089] At 503a, in order to control WPT message transmission power on Uu, the P-IoT Tag 510 informs the WPT capable gNB 520 a preferred / desired WPT RX power, via a RRC message. For example, the P-IoT Tag 510 may transmit information indicating preferred receiving power of the message for the WPT (i.e. the preferred / desired WPT RX power) , via the RRC message.
[0090] In some embodiments, the serving gNB 520 may define a HARQ feedback receiving power threshold (refer to Table 2) based on the received preferred / desired WPT RX power from the P-IoT Tag 510, and the HARQ feedback receiving power threshold will maximize the RF-DC conversion efficiency of the tag 510. In some embodiments, additionally, the serving gNB 520 may define WPT TPC patterns according to the received preferred / desired WPT RX power from the P-IoT Tag 510 and a maximum transmission power of the gNB 520. The WPT TPC patterns are based on patterns of HARQ feedback for HARQ transmissions among a plurality of HARQ transmissions for providing the WPT. The HARQ feedback receiving power threshold is an example of the threshold for the receiving power of the feedback information above. The WPT TPC patterns may comprise a set of power values for determining the transmission power for a transmission for the WPT, and the set of power values may correspond to the plurality of transmissions.
[0091] At 505, Uu based WPT can be initialized, and proposed SFN is enabled by allocating same time and frequency resource, via multiple Active Antenna Unit (AAUs) .
[0092] At 507, the WPT serving gNB 520 may transmit a SFN based WPT message (i.e. a message for the WPT) to the IoT Tag 510 via Uu. The WPT serving gNB 520 obtains feedback information of the transmission of the SFN based WPT messages (refer to step 509a or 509b) . Transmission of a message for the WPT is an example of a transmission for the WPT. It is noted that the feedback information of the transmission in the embodiments of the present disclosure is not for acknowledging whether the message is received correctly or not but for transmission power control.
[0093] Then the WPT serving gNB 520 performs WPT transmission power control, specifically, the WPT serving gNB 520, based on the feedback information, adjusts the WPT transmission power. For example, two modes are showed for Uu HARQ feedback based WPT power control in Fig. 5, and the two modes may be referred to as mode A and mode B, respectively.
[0094] In some embodiments, mode A is supported, as shown at 509a and 511a. At 509a, the WPT serving gNB 520 may receive an ACK or a NACK from the P-IoT Tag 510, or fails to receive an ACK or a NACK from the P-IoT Tag 510, that is, the feedback information may be HARQ ACK / NACK / DTX. At 511a, the serving gNB 520 may directly adjust the WPT transmission power according to HARQ ACK / NACK / DTX. The adjusted transmission power level can be up to gNB WPT TPC implementation or follow the predefined WPT TPC patterns. The details may refer to the examples below.
[0095] In some examples, with reference to option i in Table 1, the adjusted transmission power level may be up to gNB WPT TPC implementation, in other words, the serving gNB 520 may directly adjust the WPT transmission power by a determined value, the determined value may depend on an implementation at the serving gNB 520, for example, +Y dB or –X dB, in which X and Y may be determined based on an implementation at the serving gNB 520. Specifically, if the serving gNB 520 receives an ACK, the serving gNB 520 will increase the WPT transmission power by Y dB (an example of the first determined value) . If the serving gNB 520 receives a NACK, the serving gNB 520 will decrease the WPT transmission power by X dB (an example of the second determined value) . If the serving gNB 520 fails to receive an ACK or a NACK, that is, a case of DTX, the serving gNB 520 will maintain the WPT transmission power unchanged.
[0096] In some other embodiments, with reference to option ii in Table 1, as mentioned above, the adjusted transmission power level can follow the predefined WPT TPC patterns, in other words, the serving gNB 520 may, based on the WPT TPC patterns, adjust the WPT transmission power. For example, if some example WPT TPC patterns comprise -1 / -2 / -3…+1 / +2 / +3 dB. If the serving gNB 520 receives an ACK corresponding to a transmission, then the serving gNB 520 will increase the WPT transmission power by a value corresponding to this transmission, e.g. +1 / +2 / +3 dB. In this way, the WPT transmission power may be increased step by step. Similarly, if the serving gNB 520 receives a NACK corresponding to a transmission, then the serving gNB 520 will decrease the WPT transmission power by a value corresponding to this transmission, e.g. -1 / -2 / -3dB. In this way, the WPT transmission power may be decreased step by step. The implementation of the WPT TPC patterns in the present disclosure may be not limited to the examples described above. It is note that the ACK or the NACK may be interchangeable, that is either ACK or NACK can be used for conveying an increase command or a decrease command. Which TPC command is conveyed by ACK or NACK may be predefined or configured beforehand.
[0097] In some embodiments, mode B is supported, as shown at 509b, 511b and 513b. At 509b, the WPT serving gNB 520 may receive an ACK or a NACK from the P-IoT Tag 510. The ACK / NACK may be HARQ ACK / NACK. At 511b, the serving gNB 520 may measure receiving power of the feedback information, specifically, may measure receiving power on the HARQ ACK / NACK. At 513b, if the receiving power of the feedback information is up or down to the predefined HARQ feedback receiving power threshold (refer to Table 2) , the serving gNB 520 will adjust the WPT transmission power. The adjusted transmission power level can be up to gNB WPT TPC implementation or follow the predefined WPT TPC patterns. The details may refer to the examples below.
[0098] In some examples, with reference to option i in Table 2, the adjusted transmission power level can be up to gNB WPT TPC implementation, that is, if the receiving power on the HARQ ACK / NACK is below or above the HARQ feedback receiving power threshold, the serving gNB 520 may directly adjust the WPT transmission power to a determined value, for example, based on determining that the HARQ feedback receiving power is below the threshold, the serving gNB 520 may increase the transmission power by a third determined value, alternatively, based on determining that the HARQ feedback receiving power is above the threshold, the serving gNB 520 may decrease the transmission power by a fourth determined value, alternatively, based on determining that the HARQ feedback receiving power is equal to the threshold, the serving gNB 520 may maintain the transmission power unchanged. With reference to the examples corresponding to option i in Table 2, if the receiving power on the HARQ ACK / NACK is below the HARQ feedback receiving power threshold, the serving gNB 520 may directly increase the WPT transmission power by Y dB. If the receiving power on the HARQ ACK / NACK is above the HARQ feedback receiving power threshold, the serving gNB 520 may directly decrease the WPT transmission power by X dB. If the receiving power on the HARQ ACK / NACK equals to the HARQ feedback receiving power threshold, the WPT transmission power is unchanged. The third determined value (e.g. Y dB) and the fourth determined value (e.g. X dB) may be determined depend on an implementation at the serving gNB 520.
[0099] In some embodiments, with reference to option ii in Table 2, as mentioned above, the adjusted transmission power level can follow the predefined WPT TPC patterns as defined in the step 304, that is, if the receiving power on the HARQ ACK / NACK is below or above the HARQ feedback receiving power threshold, the serving gNB 520 may, based on the WPT TPC patterns, adjust the WPT transmission power. For example, if some example WPT TPC patterns comprise -1 / -2 / -3…+1 / +2 / +3 dB, as shown in Table 2, and if the receiving power on feedback information of a transmission of a message for the WPT is below the HARQ feedback receiving power threshold, then the serving gNB 520 will increase the WPT transmission power by a value corresponding to the transmission, e.g. +1 / +2 / +3 dB. In this way, if the receiving power on feedback information of a transmission and its subsequent transmission of the message for the WPT is below the HARQ feedback receiving power threshold, the serving gNB 520 may increase the WPT transmission power step by step. Similarly, if the feedback information of a transmission and its subsequent transmission of the message for the WPT is above the HARQ feedback receiving power threshold, then the serving gNB 520 may, based on the WPT TPC patterns, decrease the WPT transmission power step by step, e.g. -1 / -2 / -3 dB, and so on. The WPT TPC patterns in the present disclosure may be not limited to the examples described above.
[0100] In some embodiments, the above mode A and mode B may be combined to be used for the WPT transmission power control. For example, HARQ feedback is used as TPC command for power adjustment as in mode A and the power adjustment also takes into consideration the measured receiving power of HARQ feedback information as in mode B.
[0101] Fig. 6 illustrates an example of SL HARQ feedback based WPT power control messaging according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. An example process 600 as shown in Fig. 6 is based on the following preconditions: passive IoT (P-IoT) tag 610 and WPT serving SL UE 620 complete UE registration procedure (as shown at 601) , the IoT Tag 610 and the serving SL UE 620 are SL connected via PC5 interface (as shown at 603) , the serving SL UE 620 is RRC connected, and beamformed WPT message transmission is assumed to the serving SL UE 620, to avoid interference to regular SL transmission. In Fig. 6, the P-IoT tag 610 is an example of the second device 220 or an example of the second terminal device mentioned above, and the WPT serving UE 620 is an example of the first device 210 or an example of the first terminal device 230 mentioned above. The P-IoT tag 610 may be referred to as a tag 610. The WPT serving UE 620 may be also referred to as a WPT capable UE 620, and may be referred to as a serving UE 620. The WPT serving gNB 630 may be referred to as a serving gNB 630.
[0102] At 605a, in order to control WPT message transmission power on sidelink, the P-IoT tag 610 may inform the WPT capable UE 620 a preferred / desired WPT RX power, via a SL RRC message or SL MAC CE. For example, the P-IoT Tag 510 may transmit information indicating preferred receiving power of the message for the WPT, via the SL RRC message or SL MAC CE.
[0103] In some embodiments, the serving UE 620 may define a HARQ feedback receiving power threshold (refer to Table 2) based on the received preferred / desired WPT RX power of the P-IoT Tag 610, and the threshold will maximize RF-DC conversion efficiency of the tag 610.
[0104] The serving UE 620 may be a serving relay UE 620. In some examples (not shown in Fig. 6) , the serving UE 620 may also define WPT TPC patterns according to the received preferred / desired WPT RX power of the P-IoT 610 and maximum transmission power of the serving UE 620. In some other embodiments, as shown at 605b, the serving relay UE 620 may inform the serving gNB 630 the preferred WPT RX power of the IoT Tag 610 via RRC message. Furthermore, the serving relay UE 620 may indicate maximum transmission power of the serving relay UE 620 to the serving gNB 630. The serving gNB 630 may define the sidelink wireless power transfer (SL-WPT) TPC patterns (or referred to as WPT TPC patterns in these examples) for the serving relay UE 620 according to maximum transmission power of the serving relay UE 620. At 607, the serving gNB 630 may signal the serving relay UE 620 the WPT TPC patterns and time / frequency resource for SL-WPT message transmission. At 609, SL based WPT can be initialized, and proposed SFN is enabled by allocating same time and frequency resource to more than one serving UEs including the serving relay UE 620.
[0105] At 611, the serving relay UE 620 may, via SL, transmit a SFN based WPT message (i.e. a message for the WPT) to the P-IoT tag 610. The WPT serving UE 620 obtains feedback information of the transmission of the SFN based WPT messages (refer to step 613a or 613b) . Then the WPT serving UE 620 performs WPT transmission power control, specifically, based on the feedback information, adjusts the WPT transmission power. For example, two modes are shown in Fig. 6 for SL HARQ feedback based WPT power control, and the two modes may be referred to as mode A and mode B, respectively.
[0106] In some embodiments, mode A is supported, as shown at 613a and 615a. At 613a, the WPT serving UE 620 may receive an ACK or a NACK from the P-IoT Tag 610, or fails to receive an ACK or a NACK from the P-IoT Tag 610, that is, the feedback information may be SL HARQ ACK / NACK / DTX. At 615a, the serving relay UE 620 may directly adjust the WPT transmission power according to the HARQ ACK / NACK / DTX. The adjusted transmission power level can be up to UE WPT TPC implementation or follow the predefined WPT TPC patterns. For example, with reference to option i in Table 1, the serving relay UE 620 may directly adjust the WPT transmission power by a determined value. Alternatively, with reference to option ii in Table 1, the serving relay UE 620 may, based on the WPT TPC patterns, adjust the WPT transmission power step by step. The details of step 615a may refer to the step 511a above.
[0107] In some embodiments, mode B is supported, as shown at 613b, 615b and 617b. At 613b, the WPT serving UE 620 may receive an ACK or a NACK from the P-IoT Tag 610. The ACK or the NACK may be SL HARQ ACK / NACK. At 615b, the serving relay UE 620 may measure the receiving power on the HARQ ACK / NACK. At 617b, if the receiving power on the HARQ ACK / NACK is up or down to the predefined threshold (refer to Table 2) , the serving relay UE 620 will adjust the WPT transmission power. The adjusted transmission power level can be up to UE WPT TPC implementation or follow the predefined WPT TPC patterns. For example, with reference to option i in Table 2, the serving relay UE 620 may directly adjust the WPT transmission power by a determined value. Alternatively, with reference to option ii in Table 2, the serving relay UE 620 may, based on the WPT TPC patterns, adjust the WPT transmission power step by step. The details of step 617b may refer to the step 513b above.
[0108] In some embodiments, the above mode A and mode B may be combined to be used for the WPT transmission power control.
[0109] Fig. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method 700 implemented at a first device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The first device may be the same as the first device 210 above, and the second device may be the same as the second device 220 above.
[0110] At block 710, the first device may transmit, to a second device, a first transmission for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device to the second device. At block 720, the first device may obtain, from the second device, feedback information of the first transmission, wherein the feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT. At block 730, the first device may transmit, to the second device, the second transmission using a transmission power based on at least one of the feedback information or a receiving power of the feedback information.
[0111] In some embodiments, the first device may, based on the feedback information, or the receiving power of the feedback information, or both of them, determine the transmission power,
[0112] In some embodiments, the feedback information may comprise a transmission power control (TPC) command for the second transmission indicating the transmission power is to be increased, or the transmission power is to be decreased, or the transmission power is to be unchanged.
[0113] In some embodiments, the first transmission or the second transmission is based on using a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process. In order to obtain the feedback information, the first device may receive an acknowledgement (ACK) , or receive a negative acknowledgement (NACK) , or fail to receive the ACK or the NACK.
[0114] In some embodiments, the first transmission and the second transmission are among a plurality of transmissions from the first device to the second device for the WPT.
[0115] In some embodiments, in determining the transmission power based on the feedback information, the first device may, based on receiving one of an ACK or a NACK for a TPC command that the transmission power is to be increased, increase the transmission power by a first determined value. Additionally or alternatively, in determining the transmission power based on the feedback information, the first device may, based on receiving the other one of the ACK and the NACK for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be decreased, decrease the transmission power by a second determined value. Additionally or alternatively, in determining the transmission power based on the feedback information, the first device may, based on failing to receive the ACK or the NACK for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be unchanged, maintain the transmission power unchanged.
[0116] In some embodiments, the first device may receive, from the second device, first information indicating a preferred receiving power for the WPT.
[0117] In some embodiments, the first device may, based on the preferred receiving power, determine a threshold for the receiving power of the feedback information, additionally or alternatively, determine or obtain a set of power values for determining the transmission power, wherein the set of power values correspond to the plurality of transmissions.
[0118] In some embodiments, the set of power values is determined further based on a maximum transmission power of the first device.
[0119] In some embodiments, the first device is a terminal device. In order to obtain the set of power values, the first device may transmit, to a network device, second information indicating the preferred receiving power and a maximum transmission power of the terminal device, and receive, from the network device, the set of power values.
[0120] In some embodiments, in determining the transmission power based on the feedback information, the first device may, based on receiving one of an ACK or a NACK for a TPC command that the transmission power is to be increased, increase the transmission power by a first power value among the set of power values. In some embodiments, in determining the transmission power based on the feedback information, the first device may, based on receiving the other one of the ACK and the NACK for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be decreased, decrease the transmission power by a second power value among the set of power values. In some embodiments, in determining the transmission power based on the feedback information, the first device may, based on failing to receive the ACK or the NACK for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be unchanged, maintain the transmission power unchanged.
[0121] In some embodiments, the feedback information comprises an ACK or a NACK. In some embodiments, in determining the transmission power based on the receiving power of the feedback information, the first device may, based on determining that the receiving power is below the threshold, increase the transmission power by a third determined value. In some embodiments, in determining the transmission power based on the receiving power of the feedback information, the first device may, based on determining that the receiving power is above the threshold, decrease the transmission power by a fourth determined value. In some embodiments, in determining the transmission power based on the receiving power of the feedback information, the first device may, based on determining that the receiving power is equal to the threshold, maintaining the transmission power unchanged.
[0122] In some embodiments, the feedback information comprises an ACK or a NACK. In determining the transmission power based on the receiving power of the feedback information, the first device may, based on determining that the receiving power is below the threshold, increase the transmission power by a third power value among the set of power values. In some embodiments, in determining the transmission power based on the receiving power of the feedback information, the first device may, based on determining that the receiving power is above the threshold, decrease the transmission power by a fourth power value among the set of power values. In some embodiments, in determining the transmission power based on the receiving power of the feedback information, the first device may, based on determining that the receiving power is equal to the threshold, maintain the transmission power unchanged.
[0123] In some embodiments, the second device is a terminal device, the first device is a network device, and the feedback information is HARQ feedback over uplink. In some other embodiments, the second device is a second terminal device, the first device is a first terminal device, and the feedback information is HARQ feedback over sidelink.
[0124] In some embodiments, the HARQ process comprises a single HARQ transmission.
[0125] In some embodiments, the first device is one of a plurality of serving devices for the WPT to the second device, and the plurality of serving devices use a same time and frequency resource to transmit, to the second device, a plurality of transmissions for the WPT.
[0126] In some embodiments, the second device is a passive Internet of Things (IoT) device.
[0127] Fig. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 implemented at a second device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The first device may be the same as the first device 210 above, and the second device may be the same as the second device 220 above.
[0128] At block 810, the second device may receive, from a first device, a first transmission for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device to the second device. At block 820, the second device may provide, to the first device, feedback information of the first transmission, wherein the feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT.
[0129] In some embodiments, the feedback information comprises a transmission power control (TPC) command for the second transmission indicating a transmission power for the second transmission at the first device is to be increased, or indicating the transmission power is to be decreased, or indicating the transmission power is to be unchanged.
[0130] In some embodiments, the first transmission or the second transmission is based on using a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process. In some embodiments, in order to provide the feedback information, the second device may transmit an acknowledgement (ACK) . In some embodiments, in order to provide the feedback information, the second device may transmit a negative acknowledgement (NACK) . In some embodiments, in order to provide the feedback information, the second device may perform discontinuous transmission (DTX) .
[0131] In some embodiments, the first transmission and the second transmission are among a plurality of transmissions from the first device to the second device for the WPT.
[0132] In some embodiments, the second device may transmit, to the first device, information indicating a preferred receiving power for the WPT.
[0133] In some embodiments, the second device may determine, based on a preferred receiving power for the WPT and a measured receiving power for the WPT, the feedback information.
[0134] In some embodiments, in order to provide the feedback information, the second device may, based on determining that a measured receiving power for the WPT is lower than a preferred receiving power for the WPT, transmit, to the first device, one of an ACK or a NACK for a TPC command that the transmission power is to be increased. In some embodiments, in order to provide the feedback information, the second device may, based on determining that the measured receiving power is higher than the preferred receiving power, transmit, to the first device, the other one of the ACK or the NACK for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be decreased. In some embodiments, in order to provide the feedback information, the second device may, based on determining that the measured receiving power is equal to the preferred receiving power, perform DTX for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be unchanged.
[0135] In some embodiments, the second device may, based on determining that the transmission power is determined by the first device based on a receiving power of the feedback information, transmit, to the first device, one of an ACK or a NACK.
[0136] In some embodiments, the second device is a terminal device, the first device is a network device, and the feedback information is HARQ feedback over uplink. In some other embodiments, the second device is a second terminal device, the first device is a first terminal device, and the feedback information is HARQ feedback over sidelink.
[0137] In some embodiments, the HARQ process comprises a single HARQ transmission.
[0138] In some embodiments, the first device is one of a plurality of serving devices for WPT to the second device, the second device uses a same time and frequency resource to receive, from the plurality of serving devices, a plurality of transmissions for the WPT.
[0139] In some embodiments, the second device is a passive Internet of Things (IoT) device.
[0140] Fig. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 implemented at a network device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. the network device may be the same as the network device 240 above, and the first terminal device may be the same as the first terminal device 230 above.
[0141] At block 910, the network device may receive, from a first terminal device, information indicating a preferred receiving power at a second terminal device for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first terminal device to the second terminal device, and a maximum transmission power of the first terminal device. At block 920, the network device may transmit, to the first terminal device, a set of power values based on the information. The set of power values is for determining a transmission power for a transmission for the WPT, and the set of power values correspond to a plurality of transmissions for the WPT.
[0142] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 700 (for example, the first device) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0143] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a second device, a first transmission for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device to the second device; means for obtaining, from the second device, feedback information of the first transmission, wherein the feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT; and means for transmitting, to the second device, the second transmission using a transmission power based on at least one of the feedback information or a receiving power of the feedback information.
[0144] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for determining, based on the at least one of the feedback information or the receiving power of the feedback information, the transmission power.
[0145] In some embodiments, the feedback information comprises a transmission power control (TPC) command for the second transmission indicating one of the following: the transmission power is to be increased; the transmission power is to be decreased; or the transmission power is to be unchanged.
[0146] In some embodiments, the first transmission or the second transmission is based on using a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process. The means for obtaining the feedback information comprises means for receiving an acknowledgement (ACK) , or means for receiving a negative acknowledgement (NACK) , or means for failing to receive the ACK or the NACK.
[0147] In some embodiments, the first transmission and the second transmission are among a plurality of transmissions from the first device to the second device for the WPT.
[0148] In some embodiments, the means for determining the transmission power based on the feedback information comprises means for, based on receiving one of an ACK or a NACK for a TPC command that the transmission power is to be increased, increasing the transmission power by a first determined value, or means for, based on receiving the other one of the ACK and the NACK for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be decreased, decreasing the transmission power by a second determined value, or means for, based on failing to receive the ACK or the NACK for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be unchanged, maintaining the transmission power unchanged.
[0149] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for receiving, from the second device, first information indicating a preferred receiving power for the WPT.
[0150] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for, based on the preferred receiving power, determining a threshold for the receiving power of the feedback information, and / or, means for, based on the preferred receiving power, determining or obtain a set of power values for determining the transmission power. The set of power values correspond to the plurality of transmissions.
[0151] In some embodiments, the set of power values is determined further based on a maximum transmission power of the first device.
[0152] In some embodiments, the first device is a terminal device. The means for obtaining the set of power values comprises means for transmitting, to a network device, second information indicating the preferred receiving power and a maximum transmission power of the terminal device, and means for receiving, from the network device, the set of power values.
[0153] In some embodiments, the means for determining the transmission power based on the feedback information comprises means for, based on receiving one of an ACK or a NACK for a TPC command that the transmission power is to be increased, increasing the transmission power by a first power value among the set of power values. In some embodiments, the means for determining the transmission power based on the feedback information comprises means for, based on receiving the other one of the ACK and the NACK for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be decreased, decreasing the transmission power by a second power value among the set of power values. In some embodiments, the means for determining the transmission power based on the feedback information comprises means for, based on failing to receive the ACK or the NACK for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be unchanged, maintaining the transmission power unchanged.
[0154] In some embodiments, the feedback information comprises an ACK or a NACK. In some embodiments, the means for determining the transmission power based on the receiving power of the feedback information comprises means for, based on determining that the receiving power is below the threshold, increasing the transmission power by a third determined value. In some embodiments, the means for determining the transmission power based on the receiving power of the feedback information comprises means for, based on determining that the receiving power is above the threshold, decreasing the transmission power by a fourth determined value. In some embodiments, the means for determining the transmission power based on the receiving power of the feedback information comprises means for, based on determining that the receiving power is equal to the threshold, maintaining the transmission power unchanged.
[0155] In some embodiments, the feedback information comprises an ACK or a NACK. In some embodiments, the means for determining the transmission power based on the receiving power of the feedback information comprising means for, based on determining that the receiving power is below the threshold, increasing the transmission power by a third power value among the set of power values. In some embodiments, the means for determining the transmission power based on the receiving power of the feedback information comprising means for, based on determining that the receiving power is above the threshold, decreasing the transmission power by a fourth power value among the set of power values. In some embodiments, the means for determining the transmission power based on the receiving power of the feedback information comprising means for, based on determining that the receiving power is equal to the threshold, maintaining the transmission power unchanged.
[0156] In some embodiments, the second device is a terminal device, the first device is a network device, and the feedback information is HARQ feedback over uplink. In some other embodiments, the second device is a second terminal device, the first device is a first terminal device, and the feedback information is HARQ feedback over sidelink.
[0157] In some embodiments, the HARQ process comprises a single HARQ transmission.
[0158] In some embodiments, the first device is one of a plurality of serving devices for the WPT to the second device, and the plurality of serving devices use a same time and frequency resource to transmit, to the second device, a plurality of transmissions for the WPT.
[0159] In some embodiments, the second device is a passive Internet of Things (IoT) device.
[0160] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for performing other steps in some embodiments of the method 700. In some embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0161] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 800 (for example, the second device) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 800. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0162] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a first device, a first transmission for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device to the second device; and means for providing, to the first device, feedback information of the first transmission, wherein the feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT.
[0163] In some embodiments, the feedback information comprises a transmission power control (TPC) command for the second transmission indicating a transmission power for the second transmission at the first device is to be increased, or indicating the transmission power is to be decreased, or indicating the transmission power is to be unchanged.
[0164] In some embodiments, the first transmission or the second transmission is based on using a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process. In some embodiments, the means for providing the feedback information comprises means for transmitting an acknowledgement (ACK) . In some embodiments, the means for providing the feedback information comprises means for transmitting a negative acknowledgement (NACK) . In some embodiments, the means for providing the feedback information comprises means for performing discontinuous transmission (DTX) .
[0165] In some embodiments, the first transmission and the second transmission are among a plurality of transmissions from the first device to the second device for the WPT.
[0166] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for transmitting, to the first device, information indicating a preferred receiving power for the WPT.
[0167] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for determining, based on a preferred receiving power for the WPT and a measured receiving power for the WPT, the feedback information.
[0168] In some embodiments, the means for providing the feedback information comprises means for, based on determining that a measured receiving power for the WPT is lower than a preferred receiving power for the WPT, transmitting, to the first device, one of an ACK or a NACK for a TPC command that the transmission power is to be increased; or means for, based on determining that the measured receiving power is higher than the preferred receiving power, transmitting, to the first device, the other one of the ACK or the NACK for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be decreased; or means for, based on determining that the measured receiving power is equal to the preferred receiving power, performing DTX for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be unchanged.
[0169] In some embodiments, the means for providing the feedback information comprises means for, based on determining that the transmission power is determined by the first device based on a receiving power of the feedback information, transmitting, to the first device, one of an ACK or a NACK.
[0170] In some embodiments, the second device is a terminal device, the first device is a network device, and the feedback information is HARQ feedback over uplink. In some other embodiments, the second device is a second terminal device, the first device is a first terminal device, and the feedback information is HARQ feedback over sidelink.
[0171] In some embodiments, the HARQ process comprises a single HARQ transmission.
[0172] In some embodiments, the first device is one of a plurality of serving devices for WPT to the second device, the second device uses a same time and frequency resource to receive, from the plurality of serving devices, a plurality of transmissions for the WPT.
[0173] In some embodiments, the second device is a passive Internet of Things (IoT) device.
[0174] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for performing other steps in some embodiments of the method 800. In some embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0175] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 900 (for example, the network device) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 900. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0176] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a first terminal device, information indicating a preferred receiving power at a second terminal device for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first terminal device to the second terminal device, and a maximum transmission power of the first terminal device; and means for transmitting, to the first terminal device, a set of power values based on the information, wherein the set of power values is for determining a transmission power for a transmission for the WPT, and wherein the set of power values correspond to a plurality of transmissions for the WPT.
[0177] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for performing other steps in some embodiments of the method 900. In some embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0178] Fig. 10 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1000 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1000 may be provided to implement the communication device, for example the first device or the second device. As shown, the device 1000 includes one or more processors 1010, one or more memories 1020 coupled to the processor 1010, and one or more communication modules 1040 coupled to the processor 1010.
[0179] The communication modules 1040 is for bidirectional communications. The communication modules 1040 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements.
[0180] The processor 1010 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1000 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0181] The memory 1020 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 1024, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) 1022 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0182] A computer program 1030 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 1010. The program 1030 may be stored in the ROM 1024. The processor 1010 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 1030 into the RAM 1022.
[0183] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 1030 so that the device 1000 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to Figs. 2 to 9. The embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0184] In some embodiments, the program 1030 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 1000 (such as in the memory 1020) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 1000. The device 1000 may load the program 1030 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 1022 for execution. The computer readable medium may include any types of tangible non-volatile storage, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like. Fig. 11 shows an example of the computer readable medium 1100 in form of CD or DVD. The computer readable medium has the program 1030 stored thereon.
[0185] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0186] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the method 700 or 800 or 900 as described above with reference to Figs. 2A-9. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0187] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0188] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program codes or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0189] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0190] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0191] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device at least to:transmit, to a second device, a first transmission for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device to the second device;obtain, from the second device, feedback information of the first transmission, wherein the feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT; andtransmit, to the second device, the second transmission using a transmission power based on at least one of the feedback information or a receiving power of the feedback information.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is further caused to:determine, based on the at least one of the feedback information or the receiving power of the feedback information, the transmission power.3.The first device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the feedback information comprises a transmission power control (TPC) command for the second transmission indicating one of the following:the transmission power is to be increased;the transmission power is to be decreased; orthe transmission power is to be unchanged.4.The first device of any of claims 1-3, wherein the first transmission or the second transmission is based on using a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process, and the first device is caused to obtain the feedback information by one of the following:receiving an acknowledgement (ACK) ;receiving a negative acknowledgement (NACK) ; orfailing to receive the ACK or the NACK.5.The first device of any of claims 2-4, wherein the first transmission and the second transmission are among a plurality of transmissions from the first device to the second device for the WPT.6.The first device of any of claims 2-5, wherein the first device is caused to determine the transmission power based on the feedback information by at least one of the following:based on receiving one of an ACK or a NACK for a TPC command that the transmission power is to be increased, increasing the transmission power by a first determined value;based on receiving the other one of the ACK and the NACK for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be decreased, decreasing the transmission power by a second determined value; orbased on failing to receive the ACK or the NACK for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be unchanged, maintaining the transmission power unchanged.7.The first device of claim 5, wherein the first device is further caused to:receive, from the second device, first information indicating a preferred receiving power for the WPT.8.The first device of claim 7, wherein the first device is further caused to, based on the preferred receiving power, at least one of the following:determine a threshold for the receiving power of the feedback information; ordetermine or obtain a set of power values for determining the transmission power, wherein the set of power values correspond to the plurality of transmissions.9.The first device of claim 8, wherein the set of power values is determined further based on a maximum transmission power of the first device.10.The first device of claim 8, wherein the first device is a terminal device, and the first device is caused to obtain the set of power values by:transmitting, to a network device, second information indicating the preferred receiving power and a maximum transmission power of the terminal device; andreceiving, from the network device, the set of power values.11.The first device of any of claims 8-10, wherein the first device is further caused to determine the transmission power based on the feedback information by:based on receiving one of an ACK or a NACK for a TPC command that the transmission power is to be increased, increasing the transmission power by a first power value among the set of power values;based on receiving the other one of the ACK and the NACK for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be decreased, decreasing the transmission power by a second power value among the set of power values; orbased on failing to receive the ACK or the NACK for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be unchanged, maintaining the transmission power unchanged.12.The first device of any of claims 8-10, wherein the feedback information comprises an ACK or a NACK, and the first device is caused to determine the transmission power based on the receiving power of the feedback information by:based on determining that the receiving power is below the threshold, increasing the transmission power by a third determined value;based on determining that the receiving power is above the threshold, decreasing the transmission power by a fourth determined value; orbased on determining that the receiving power is equal to the threshold, maintaining the transmission power unchanged.13.The first device of any of claims 8-10, wherein the feedback information comprises an ACK or a NACK, and the first device is caused to determine the transmission power based on the receiving power of the feedback information by:based on determining that the receiving power is below the threshold, increasing the transmission power by a third power value among the set of power values;based on determining that the receiving power is above the threshold, decreasing the transmission power by a fourth power value among the set of power values; orbased on determining that the receiving power is equal to the threshold, maintaining the transmission power unchanged.14.The first device of any of claims 1-13, wherein:the second device is a terminal device, the first device is a network device, and the feedback information is HARQ feedback over uplink; orthe second device is a second terminal device, the first device is a first terminal device, and the feedback information is HARQ feedback over sidelink.15.The first device of claim 4, wherein the HARQ process comprises a single HARQ transmission.16.The first device of any of claims 1-15, wherein the first device is one of a plurality of serving devices for the WPT to the second device, and the plurality of serving devices use a same time and frequency resource to transmit, to the second device, a plurality of transmissions for the WPT.17.The first device of any of claims 1-16, wherein the second device is a passive Internet of Things (IoT) device.18.A second device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device at least to:receive, from a first device, a first transmission for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device to the second device; andprovide, to the first device, feedback information of the first transmission, wherein the feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT.19.The second device of claim 18, wherein the feedback information comprises a transmission power control (TPC) command for the second transmission indicating one of the following:a transmission power for the second transmission at the first device is to be increased;the transmission power is to be decreased; orthe transmission power is to be unchanged.20.The second device of claim 18 or 19, wherein the first transmission or the second transmission is based on using a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process, and the second device is caused to provide the feedback information by one of the following:transmitting an acknowledgement (ACK) ;transmitting a negative acknowledgement (NACK) ; orperforming discontinuous transmission (DTX) .21.The second device of any of claims 18-20, wherein the first transmission and the second transmission are among a plurality of transmissions from the first device to the second device for the WPT.22.The second device of any of claims 18-21, wherein the second device is further caused to:transmit, to the first device, information indicating a preferred receiving power for the WPT.23.The second device of any of claims 18-22, wherein the second device is further caused to:determine, based on a preferred receiving power for the WPT and a measured receiving power for the WPT, the feedback information.24.The second device of any of claims 18-23, wherein the second device is caused to provide the feedback information by:based on determining that a measured receiving power for the WPT is lower than a preferred receiving power for the WPT, transmitting, to the first device, one of an ACK or a NACK for a TPC command that the transmission power is to be increased;based on determining that the measured receiving power is higher than the preferred receiving power, transmitting, to the first device, the other one of the ACK or the NACK for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be decreased; orbased on determining that the measured receiving power is equal to the preferred receiving power, performing DTX for the TPC command that the transmission power is to be unchanged.25.The second device of any of claims 18-24, wherein the second device is caused to provide the feedback information by:based on determining that the transmission power is determined by the first device based on a receiving power of the feedback information, transmitting, to the first device, one of an ACK or a NACK.26.The second device of any of claims 18-25, wherein:the second device is a terminal device, the first device is a network device, and the feedback information is HARQ feedback over uplink; orthe second device is a second terminal device, the first device is a first terminal device, and the feedback information is HARQ feedback over sidelink.27.The second device of claim 20, wherein the HARQ process comprises a single HARQ transmission.28.The second device of any of claims 18-27, wherein the first device is one of a plurality of serving devices for WPT to the second device, the second device uses a same time and frequency resource to receive, from the plurality of serving devices, a plurality of transmissions for the WPT.29.The second device of any of claims 18-28, wherein the second device is a passive Internet of Things (IoT) device.30.A network device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device at least to:receive, from a first terminal device, information indicating a preferred receiving power at a second terminal device for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first terminal device to the second terminal device, and a maximum transmission power of the first terminal device; andtransmit, to the first terminal device, a set of power values based on the information, wherein the set of power values is for determining a transmission power for a transmission for the WPT, and wherein the set of power values correspond to a plurality of transmissions for the WPT.31.A method comprising:transmitting, to a second device, a first transmission for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device to the second device;obtaining, from the second device, feedback information of the first transmission, wherein the feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT; andtransmitting, to the second device, the second transmission using a transmission power based on at least one of the feedback information or a receiving power of the feedback information.32.A method comprising:receiving, from a first device, a first transmission for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device to the second device; andproviding, to the first device, feedback information of the first transmission, wherein the feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT.33.A method comprising:receiving, from a first terminal device, information indicating a preferred receiving power at a second terminal device for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first terminal device to the second terminal device, and a maximum transmission power of the first terminal device; andtransmitting, to the first terminal device, a set of power values based on the information, wherein the set of power values is for determining a transmission power for a transmission for the WPT, and wherein the set of power values correspond to a plurality of transmissions for the WPT.34.An apparatus comprising:means for transmitting, to a second device, a first transmission for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device to the second device;means for obtaining, from the second device, feedback information of the first transmission, wherein the feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT; andmeans for transmitting, to the second device, the second transmission using a transmission power based on at least one of the feedback information or a receiving power of the feedback information.35.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving, from a first device, a first transmission for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first device to the second device; andmeans for providing, to the first device, feedback information of the first transmission, wherein the feedback information is for transmission power control (TPC) for a second transmission for the WPT.36.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving, from a first terminal device, information indicating a preferred receiving power at a second terminal device for wireless power transfer (WPT) from the first terminal device to the second terminal device, and a maximum transmission power of the first terminal device; andmeans for transmitting, to the first terminal device, a set of power values based on the information, wherein the set of power values is for determining a transmission power for a transmission for the WPT, and wherein the set of power values correspond to a plurality of transmissions for the WPT.37.A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the method of any of claims 31-33.
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