Micro-led array layer and micro-led display panel
The integration of a bonding nano-structure layer in the micro-LED array layer addresses the challenges of accurate alignment bonding in micro-LED display panel manufacturing, enhancing efficiency and reducing costs while maintaining high wall plug efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/128404
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-10-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-08
AI Technical Summary
The manufacturing of micro-LED display panels faces challenges due to the need for highly accurate alignment bonding, which increases costs and complexity, especially for continuous light emitting micro-LED arrays with higher wall plug efficiency.
A micro-LED array layer incorporating a bonding nano-structure layer, where multiple bonding nano-structures are formed at the bottom of the micro-LED array to facilitate bonding with a top pad array in an IC backplane, improving alignment and reducing manufacturing complexity.
The use of bonding nano-structures enhances the bonding process between the micro-LED array and the IC backplane, improving manufacturing efficiency and reducing costs while maintaining high wall plug efficiency.
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Figure CN2023128404_08052025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
MICRO-LED ARRAY LAYER AND MICRO-LED DISPLAY PANELTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to micro light-emitting diode (LED) manufacturing technology and, more particularly, to a micro-LED array layer and a micro-LED display panel.BACKGROUND
[0002] Inorganic micro light-emitting diodes are also called “micro-LEDs. ” They are increasingly important because of their use in various applications including, for example, self-emissive micro-displays, visible light communications, and opto-genetics. Micro-LEDs have the advantage of higher wall plug efficiency ( “WPE” ) , higher brightness, lower efficiency droop, better thermal stability, longer lifetime, faster response rate, higher resolution, higher color gamut, and higher contrast over conventional organic LEDs ( “OLED” ) or liquid crystal display ( “LCD” ) based micro-displays.
[0003] A micro-LED display panel is manufactured by integrating an array of thousands or even millions of micro-LEDs with a driver circuitry back panel. Each pixel of the micro-LED display panel is formed by one or more micro-LEDs.
[0004] One kind of micro-LED array including a continuous light emitting layer without being etched has higher WPE but requires highly accurate alignment bonding, which challenges the manufacturing process and requires more expensive tooling.
[0005] The above content is only used to assist in understanding the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and does not constitute an admission that the above is prior art.SUMMARY
[0006] The present disclosure provides a micro-LED array layer and a micro-LED display panel that addresses the problems in the related art, such as the problems described above.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide a micro-LED array layer. The micro-LED array layer includes a micro- LED array and a bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, each micro-LED of the micro-LED array may be formed for bonding with a corresponding top pad of a top pad array in an integrated circuit ( “IC” ) backplane. In some embodiments, the bonding nano-structure layer may include multiple bonding nano-structures formed at the bottom of the micro-LED array.
[0008] In some embodiments, for each micro-LED of the micro-LED array, at least one bonding nano-structure of a set of bonding nano-structures corresponding to the micro-LED may be bonded with the corresponding top pad configured to bond with the micro-LED. In some embodiments, each bonding nano-structure may be bonded with at most one top pad of the top pad array.
[0009] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures may be less than the width of each top pad. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure may be less than a half of the width of each top pad. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures may be less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads.
[0010] In some embodiments, the number of the set of bonding nano-structures corresponding to each micro-LED may be multiple or more than four (4) .
[0011] In some embodiments, the multiple bonding nano-structures of the bonding nano-structure layer form an orderly bonding nano-structure array. In some embodiments, the orderly bonding nano-structure array includes first type rows and second type rows. The first type row and the second type row may be alternately placed in a repeating pattern. The bonding nano-structures in each first type row and bonding nano-structures in each second type row may be staggered.
[0012] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures may be about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads may be about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad may be about 200 nanometers.
[0013] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array includes a first type epitaxial layer, a light emitting layer formed on the first type epitaxial layer, and a second type epitaxial layer formed on the light emitting layer. In some embodiments, the second type epitaxial layer includes a top mesa array. Each top mesa of the top mesa array may be extruded upward from the second type epitaxial layer, thereby forming trenches between adjacent top mesas of the top mesa array. In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes a top conductive layer formed on the second type epitaxial layer.
[0014] In some embodiments, the material of the first type epitaxial layer may be nitride-based material such as GaN (or similar bandgap semiconductor) , AlGaN, Al doped GaN, InGaN, AlInGaN, or other metal doped GaN (or other metal doped similar bandgap semiconductor) . In some embodiments, the material of the second type epitaxial layer may be GaN (or similar bandgap semiconductor) . In some embodiments, the light emitting layer may be a quantum well layer.
[0015] In some embodiments, the material of the first type epitaxial layer may be a phosphide-based material such as AlInGaP, AlInP, GaP, or InGaP. In some embodiments, the material of the second type epitaxial layer may be a phosphide-based material such as AlInGaP, AlInP, GaP, or InGaP. In some embodiments, the light emitting layer may be a quantum well layer.
[0016] In some embodiments, the first type epitaxial layer may be a P type semiconductor layer and the second type epitaxial layer may be a N type semiconductor layer. In some embodiments, the first type epitaxial layer may be a N type semiconductor layer and the second type epitaxial layer may be a P type semiconductor layer.
[0017] In some embodiments, the top conductive layer may be transparent. In some embodiments, the material of the top conductive layer may be ITO, AZO, GZO, IGZO, ZnO, or any combination thereof.
[0018] In some embodiments, the top conductive layer may be formed on sidewalls and the bottom of the trenches. In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes top contact pads formed on the top conductive layer between the adjacent top mesas and on the bottom of the trenches. In some embodiments, the material of the top contact pads may be Au, Cu, Al, Ti, TiN, TaN, Ni, Ag, Pd, or any combination thereof.
[0019] In some embodiments, the sidewall of a top mesa may be perpendicular to the bottom surface of an adjacent trench. In some embodiments, the sidewall of a top mesa may form an obtuse angle or an acute angle with the bottom surface of an adjacent trench.
[0020] In some embodiments, the bonding nano-structure layer may be formed at the bottom surface of the first type epitaxial layer.
[0021] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes a microlens array formed on the top conductive layer. Each microlens of the microlens array may be formed corresponding to a top mesa of the top mesa array.
[0022] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes multiple contact structures formed between the micro-LED array and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure may be formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure.
[0023] In some embodiments, a dielectric material may be filled between adjacent contact structures and between adjacent bonding nano-structures. In some embodiments, the bonding nano-structure layer includes a dielectric material filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures. In some embodiments, the dielectric material may be SiO2, SiN, SiON, TiO2, or any combination thereof.
[0024] In some embodiments, the material of the bonding nano-structures may be Cu, Au, Al, Ti, TiN, TaN, Ni, Ag, Pd, or any combination thereof.
[0025] In some embodiments, the top conductive layer may be formed on sidewalls and the bottom of the trenches. The top conductive layer may include openings formed on top of the bottom of the trenches. In some embodiments, the second type epitaxial layer further includes an extension part formed at the bottom of the top mesa array. In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes Schottky contact pads formed in the openings on top of the extension part. In some embodiments, the material of the Schottky contact pads may be Al, Ti, Ni, Pd, Pt, Au, or any combination thereof.
[0026] In some embodiments, the second type epitaxial layer further includes an etching stop layer formed at the bottom of the top mesa array. In some embodiments, the material of the etching stop layer may be AlGaN, AlN, AlGaAs, AlInP, AlInGaP, AlP, InGaP, or any combination thereof.
[0027] In some embodiments, the width of the micro-LED array may be about 1 millimeter to about 20 millimeters, and the thickness of the micro-LED array may be about 1 micron to about 20 microns (excluding thickness contributed from IC wafer) .
[0028] In some embodiments, a micro-LED array layer includes a micro-LED array and a bonding layer formed at the bottom of the micro-LED array. The micro-LED array includes a first type epitaxial layer, a light emitting layer formed on the first type epitaxial layer, and a second type epitaxial layer formed on the light emitting layer.
[0029] In some embodiments, the second type epitaxial layer includes a top mesa array and an extension part formed at the bottom of the top mesa array. Each top mesa of the top mesa array may be extruded upward from the second type epitaxial layer, thereby forming trenches between adjacent top mesas of the top mesa array.
[0030] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes a top conductive layer formed on the second type epitaxial layer. In some embodiments, the top conductive layer may be formed on sidewalls and the bottom of the trenches, and the top conductive layer includes openings formed on top of the bottom of the trenches. In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes Schottky contact pads formed in the openings on top of the extension part.
[0031] Some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a micro-LED display panel. The micro-LED display panel includes an IC backplane, a micro-LED array, and a bonding nano structure layer. The IC backplane includes a top pad array. The micro-LED array may be formed on top of the IC backplane and may be configured to be bonded with the IC backplane. Each micro-LED of the micro-LED array may be separately, electrically controlled by the IC backplane. The bonding nano-structure layer includes multiple bonding nano-structures formed at the bottom of the micro-LED array. The bonding nano-structures may be configured to bond the micro-LED array with the IC backplane.
[0032] In some embodiments, each top pad of the top pad array may be formed for bonding with a corresponding micro-LED of the micro-LED array. In some embodiments, for each micro-LED of the micro-LED array, at least one bonding nano-structure of a set of bonding nano-structures corresponding to the micro-LED may be bonded with a corresponding top pad configured to bond with the micro-LED. In some embodiments, each bonding nano-structure may be bonded with at most one top pad of the top pad array.
[0033] Some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide a micro-LED array layer. The micro-LED array layer includes a micro-LED array and a bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, each micro-LED of the micro-LED array may be formed for bonding with a corresponding top pad of a top pad array in an IC backplane. In some embodiments, the bonding nano-structure layer includes a DBR dielectric layer formed at the bottom of the micro-LED array. The DBR dielectric layer includes multiple openings, and multiple bonding nano-structures may be formed in multiple openings. In some embodiments, the DBR dielectric layer may be formed by SiO2 / TiO2 dielectric pairs, SiO2 / Ta2O5 dielectric pairs, SiO2 / SiN dielectric pairs, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the material of the bonding nano-structures may be selected from Cu, Au, Al, Ti, TiN, TaN, Ni, Ag, Pd, or any combination thereof.
[0034] In some embodiments, for each micro-LED of the micro-LED array, at least one bonding nano-structure of a set of bonding nano-structures corresponding to the micro-LED may be bonded with the corresponding top pad configured to bond with the micro-LED. In some embodiments, the number of the set of bonding nano-structures corresponding to each micro-LED may be multiple or more than four (4) . In some embodiments, each bonding nano-structure may be bonded with at most one top pad of the top pad array.
[0035] In some embodiments, for each bonding nano-structure bonded with a top pad of the top pad array, the top of the bonding nano-structure may be electrically connected with the micro-LED array and the bottom of the bonding nano-structure may be connected with the top pad array.
[0036] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes multiple nano-mirrors formed between the micro-LED array and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each nano-mirror may be formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure. In some embodiments, the material of the nano-mirrors may be metal, such as Al, Au, Ag, Ni, Pd, Pt, or any combination thereof.
[0037] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes multiple contact structures formed between the micro-LED array and the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, each contact structure may be formed on top of a corresponding nano-mirror. In some embodiments, each contact structure may be formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure.
[0038] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures may be less than the width of each top pad. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure may be less than a half of the width of each top pad. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures may be less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure may be less than the pitch between adjacent top pads.
[0039] In some embodiments, the bonding nano-structures of the bonding nano-structure layer form an orderly bonding nano-structure array. In some embodiments, the orderly bonding nano-structure array includes first type rows and second type rows. In some embodiments, the first type row and the second type row may be alternately placed in a repeating pattern. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures in each first type row and bonding nano-structures in each second type row may be staggered.
[0040] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures may be about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads may be about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad may be about 200 nanometers.
[0041] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array includes a first type epitaxial layer, a light emitting layer formed on the first type epitaxial layer, and a second type epitaxial layer formed on the light emitting layer. In some embodiments, the second type epitaxial layer includes a top mesa array. Each top mesa of the top mesa array may be extruded upward from the second type epitaxial layer, thereby forming trenches between adjacent top mesas of the top mesa array. In some embodiments, the bonding nano-structure layer may be formed at the bottom surface of the first type epitaxial layer.
[0042] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes a top conductive layer formed on the second type epitaxial layer. In some embodiments, the top conductive layer may be transparent. In some embodiments, the material of the top conductive layer may be ITO, AZO, GZO, IGZO, ZnO, or any combination thereof.
[0043] In some embodiments, the material of the first type epitaxial layer may be nitride-based material such as GaN (or similar bandgap semiconductor) , AlGaN, Al doped GaN, InGaN, AlInGaN, or other metal doped GaN (or other metal doped similar bandgap semiconductor) . In some embodiments, the material of the second type epitaxial layer may be GaN (or similar bandgap semiconductor) . In some embodiments, the light emitting layer may be a quantum well layer.
[0044] In some embodiments, the material of the first type epitaxial layer may be a phosphide-based material such as AlInGaP, AlInP, GaP, or InGaP. In some embodiments, the material of the second type epitaxial layer may be a phosphide-based material such as AlInGaP, AlInP, GaP, or InGaP. In some embodiments, the light emitting layer may be a quantum well layer.
[0045] In some embodiments, the first type epitaxial layer may be a P type semiconductor layer and the second type epitaxial layer may be a N type semiconductor layer. In some embodiments, the first type epitaxial layer may be a N type semiconductor layer and the second type epitaxial layer may be a P type semiconductor layer.
[0046] In some embodiments, the top conductive layer may be formed on sidewalls and the bottom of the trenches. In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes top contact pads formed on the top conductive layer between the adjacent top mesas and on the bottom of the trenches. In some embodiments, the material of the top contact pads may be Au, Cu, Al, Ti, TiN, TaN, Ni, Ag, Pd, or any combination thereof.
[0047] In some embodiments, the sidewall of a top mesa may be perpendicular to the bottom surface of an adjacent trench. In some embodiments, the sidewall of a top mesa may form an obtuse angle or an acute angle with the bottom surface of an adjacent trench.
[0048] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes a microlens array formed on the top conductive layer. Each microlens of the microlens array may be formed corresponding to a top mesa of the top mesa array.
[0049] In some embodiments, the top conductive layer may be formed on sidewalls and the bottom of the trenches. The top conductive layer may include openings formed on top of the bottom of the trenches. In some embodiments, the second type epitaxial layer further includes an extension part formed at the bottom of the top mesa array. In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes Schottky contact pads formed in the openings on top of the extension part. In some embodiments, the material of the Schottky contact pads may be Al, Ti, Ni, Pd, Pt, Au, or any combination thereof.
[0050] In some embodiments, the second type epitaxial layer further includes an etching stop layer formed at the bottom of the top mesa array. In some embodiments, the material of the etching stop layer may be AlGaN, AlN, AlGaAs, AlInP, AlInGaP, AlP, or InGaP.
[0051] In some embodiments, the width of the micro-LED array may be about 1 millimeter to about 20 millimeters, and the thickness of the micro-LED array may be about 1 micron to about 20 microns (excluding thickness contributed from IC wafer) .
[0052] Some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a micro-LED display panel. The micro-LED display panel includes an IC backplane, a micro-LED array, and a bonding nano structure layer. The IC backplane includes a top pad array. The micro-LED array may be formed on top of the IC backplane and may be configured to be bonded with the IC backplane. Each micro-LED of the micro-LED array may be separately, electrically controlled by the IC backplane. The bonding nano-structure layer includes a DBR dielectric layer formed at the bottom of the micro-LED array. In some embodiments, the DBR dielectric layer includes multiple openings. The bonding nano-structures may be formed in the openings, which may be configured to bond the micro-LED array with the IC backplane.
[0053] In some embodiments, each top pad of the top pad array may be formed for bonding with a corresponding micro-LED of the micro-LED array. In some embodiments, for each micro-LED of the micro-LED array, at least one bonding nano-structure of a set of bonding nano-structures corresponding to the micro-LED may be bonded with a corresponding top pad configured to bond with the micro-LED. In some embodiments, each bonding nano-structure may be bonded with at most one top pad of the top pad array.
[0054] In some embodiments, the micro-LED display panel further includes multiple nano-mirrors formed between the micro-LED array and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each nano-mirror may be formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure.
[0055] Some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide a micro-LED array layer. The micro-LED array layer includes a micro-LED array and a bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, each micro-LED of the micro-LED array may be formed for bonding with a corresponding top pad of a top pad array in an IC backplane. In some embodiments, the bonding nano-structure layer includes multiple bonding nano-structures formed at the bottom of the micro-LED array. In some embodiments, material of the bonding nano-structures may be selected from Cu, Au, Al, Ti, TiN, TaN, Ni, Ag, Pd, or any combination thereof.
[0056] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array includes a first type epitaxial sub-layer, multiple first type epitaxial structures formed at the bottom of the first type epitaxial sub-layer, a light emitting layer formed on top of the first type epitaxial sub-layer, and a second type epitaxial layer formed on top of the light emitting layer. The first type epitaxial sub-layer has a first doping concentration, and the first type epitaxial structures have a second doping concentration. In some embodiments, the first doping concentration may be lower than the second doping concentration. In some embodiments, each first type epitaxial structures may be formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure.
[0057] In some embodiments, for each micro-LED of the micro-LED array, at least one bonding nano-structure of a set of bonding nano-structures corresponding to the micro-LED may be bonded with the corresponding top pad configured to bond with the micro-LED. In some embodiments, the number of the set of bonding nano-structures corresponding to each micro-LED may be multiple or more than four (4) . In some embodiments, each bonding nano-structure may be bonded with at most one top pad of the top pad array.
[0058] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures may be less than the width of each top pad. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure may be less than a half of the width of each top pad. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures may be less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure may be less than the pitch between adjacent top pads.
[0059] In some embodiments, the bonding nano-structures of the bonding nano-structure layer form an orderly bonding nano-structure array. In some embodiments, the orderly bonding nano-structure array includes first type rows and second type rows. In some embodiments, the first type row and the second type row may be alternately placed in a repeating pattern. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures in each first type row and bonding nano-structures in each second type row may be staggered.
[0060] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures may be about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads may be about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad may be about 200 nanometers.
[0061] In some embodiments, the second type epitaxial layer includes a top mesa array. Each top mesa of the top mesa array may be extruded upward from the second type epitaxial layer, thereby forming trenches between adjacent top mesas of the top mesa array. In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes a top conductive layer formed on the second type epitaxial layer. In some embodiments, the top conductive layer may be transparent. In some embodiments, the material of the top conductive layer may be ITO, AZO, GZO, IGZO, ZnO, or any combination thereof.
[0062] In some embodiments, the material of the first type epitaxial sub-layer and the first type epitaxial structures may be nitride-based material such as GaN (or similar bandgap semiconductor) , AlGaN, Al doped GaN, InGaN, AlInGaN, or other metal doped GaN (or other metal doped similar bandgap semiconductor) ; the material of the second type epitaxial layer may be GaN (or similar bandgap semiconductor) ; and the light emitting layer may be a quantum well layer.
[0063] In some embodiments, the material of the first type epitaxial sub-layer and the first type epitaxial structures may be a phosphide-based material such as AlInGaP, AlInP, GaP or InGaP; the material of the second type epitaxial layer may a phosphide-based material such as AlInGaP, AlInP, GaP or InGaP; and the light emitting layer may be a quantum well layer.
[0064] In some embodiments, the first type epitaxial sub-layer and the first type epitaxial structures may be made of a P type semiconductor, and the second type epitaxial layer may be made of a N type semiconductor.
[0065] In some embodiments, the top conductive layer may be formed on sidewalls and the bottom of the trenches. In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes top contact pads formed on the top conductive layer between the adjacent top mesas and on the bottom of the trenches. In some embodiments, the material of the top contact pads may be Au, Cu, Al, Ti, TiN, TaN, Ni, Ag, Pd, or any combination thereof.
[0066] In some embodiments, the sidewall of a top mesa may be perpendicular to the bottom surface of an adjacent trench. In some embodiments, the sidewall of a top mesa may form an obtuse angle or an acute angle with the bottom surface of an adjacent trench.
[0067] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes a microlens array formed on the top conductive layer. Each microlens of the microlens array may be formed corresponding to a top mesa of the top mesa array.
[0068] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes multiple contact structures formed between the micro-LED array and the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, each contact structure may be formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure, and each contact structure may be formed at the bottom of a corresponding first type epitaxial structure.
[0069] In some embodiments, a dielectric material may be filled between adjacent first type epitaxial structures, between adjacent contact structures, and between adjacent bonding nano-structures. In some embodiments, a dielectric material may be filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures and between adjacent first type epitaxial structures. In some embodiments, the dielectric material may be SiO2, SiN, SiON, TiO2, or any combination thereof.
[0070] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes multiple nano-mirrors formed between the micro-LED array and the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, the material of the nano-mirrors may be metal, such as Al, Au, Ag, Ni, Pd, Pt, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, each nano-mirror may be formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure, and each nano-mirror may be formed at the bottom of a corresponding first type epitaxial structure. In some embodiments, each contact structure may be formed on top of a corresponding nano-mirror, and each contact structure may be formed at the bottom of a corresponding first type epitaxial structure.
[0071] In some embodiments, a DBR dielectric material may be filled between adjacent first type epitaxial structures, between adjacent contact structures, between adjacent nano-mirrors, and between adjacent bonding nano-structures. In some embodiments, the DBR dielectric material may be formed by SiO2 / TiO2 dielectric pairs, SiO2 / Ta2O5 dielectric pairs, SiO2 / SiN dielectric pairs, or any combination thereof.
[0072] In some embodiments, the top conductive layer may be formed on sidewalls and the bottom of the trenches. The top conductive layer may include openings formed on top of the bottom of the trenches. In some embodiments, the second type epitaxial layer further includes an extension part formed at the bottom of the top mesa array. In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes Schottky contact pads formed in the openings on top of the extension part. In some embodiments, the material of the Schottky contact pads may be Al, Ti, Ni, Pd, Pt, Au, or any combination thereof.
[0073] In some embodiments, the second type epitaxial layer further includes an etching stop layer formed at the bottom of the top mesa array. In some embodiments, the material of the etching stop layer may be AlGaN, AlN, AlGaAs, AlInP, AlInGaP, AlP, or InGaP.
[0074] In some embodiments, the width of the micro-LED array may be about 1 millimeter to about 20 millimeters, and the thickness of the micro-LED array may be about 1 micron to about 20 microns (excluding thickness contributed from IC wafer) .
[0075] Some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a micro-LED display panel. The micro-LED display panel includes an IC backplane, a micro-LED array, and a bonding nano structure layer. The IC backplane includes a top pad array. The micro-LED array may be formed on top of the IC backplane and may be configured to be bonded with the IC backplane. Each micro-LED of the micro-LED array may be separately, electrically controlled by the IC backplane. The bonding nano-structure layer includes multiple bonding nano-structures formed at the bottom of the micro-LED array, which may be configured to bond the micro-LED array with the IC backplane.
[0076] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array includes a first type epitaxial sub-layer, multiple first type epitaxial structures formed at the bottom of the first type epitaxial sub-layer, a light emitting layer formed on top of the first type epitaxial sub-layer, and a second type epitaxial layer formed on top of the light emitting layer. The first type epitaxial sub-layer has a first doping concentration, and the first type epitaxial structures have a second doping concentration. In some embodiments, the first doping concentration may be lower than the second doping concentration. In some embodiments, each first type epitaxial structures may be formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure.
[0077] In some embodiments, each top pad of the top pad array may be formed for bonding with a corresponding micro-LED of the micro-LED array. In some embodiments, for each micro-LED of the micro-LED array, at least one bonding nano-structure of a set of bonding nano-structures corresponding to the micro-LED may be bonded with a corresponding top pad configured to bond with the micro-LED. In some embodiments, each bonding nano-structure may be bonded with at most one top pad of the top pad array.
[0078] Some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide a micro-LED array layer. The micro-LED array layer includes a micro-LED array and a bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, each micro-LED of the micro-LED array may be formed for bonding with a corresponding top pad of a top pad array in an IC backplane. In some embodiments, the bonding nano-structure layer includes multiple bonding nano-structures formed at the bottom of the micro-LED array. In some embodiments, material of the bonding nano-structures may be selected from Cu, Au, Al, Ti, TiN, TaN, Ni, Ag, Pd, or any combination thereof.
[0079] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array includes a first type epitaxial layer, a light emitting layer formed on the first type epitaxial layer, and a second type epitaxial layer formed on the light emitting layer. The second type epitaxial layer includes a top dome microlens array.
[0080] In some embodiments, for each micro-LED of the micro-LED array, at least one bonding nano-structure of a set of bonding nano-structures corresponding to the micro-LED may be bonded with the corresponding top pad configured to bond with the micro-LED. In some embodiments, the number of the set of bonding nano-structures corresponding to each micro-LED may be multiple or more than four (4) . In some embodiments, each bonding nano-structure may be bonded with at most one top pad of the top pad array.
[0081] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes a top conductive layer formed on the second type epitaxial layer. In some embodiments, the top conductive layer may be continuously formed on the entire top surface of the micro-LED array. In some embodiments, the top conductive layer may be transparent. In some embodiments, the material of the top conductive layer may be ITO, AZO, GZO, IGZO, ZnO, or any combination thereof.
[0082] In some embodiments, the second type epitaxial layer further includes an extension part. Each top dome microlens of the top dome microlens array may be extruded upward from the extension part, thereby forming trenches between adjacent top dome microlenses. In some embodiments, the top conductive layer may be formed on top dome microlenses of the top dome microlens array and sidewalls and the bottom of the trenches.
[0083] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes top contact pads formed on the top conductive layer between the adjacent top dome microlenses and on the bottom of the trenches. In some embodiments, the material of the top contact pads may be Au, Cu, Al, Ti, TiN, TaN, Ni, Ag, Pd, or any combination thereof.
[0084] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures may be less than the width of each top pad. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure may be less than a half of the width of each top pad. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures may be less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure may be less than the pitch between adjacent top pads.
[0085] In some embodiments, the bonding nano-structures of the bonding nano-structure layer form an orderly bonding nano-structure array. In some embodiments, the orderly bonding nano-structure array includes first type rows and second type rows. In some embodiments, the first type row and the second type row may be alternately placed in a repeating pattern. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures in each first type row and bonding nano-structures in each second type row may be staggered.
[0086] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures may be about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads may be about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad may be about 200 nanometers.
[0087] In some embodiments, the material of the first type epitaxial layer may be nitride-based material such as GaN (or similar bandgap semiconductor) , AlGaN, Al doped GaN, InGaN, AlInGaN, or other metal doped GaN (or other metal doped similar bandgap semiconductor) . In some embodiments, the material of the second type epitaxial layer may be GaN (or similar bandgap semiconductor) . In some embodiments, the light emitting layer may be a quantum well layer.
[0088] In some embodiments, the material of the first type epitaxial layer may be a phosphide-based material such as AlInGaP, AlInP, GaP, or InGaP. In some embodiments, the material of the second type epitaxial layer may be a phosphide-based material such as AlInGaP, AlInP, GaP, or InGaP. In some embodiments, the light emitting layer may be a quantum well layer.
[0089] In some embodiments, the first type epitaxial layer may be a P type semiconductor layer and the second type epitaxial layer may be a N type semiconductor layer. In some embodiments, the first type epitaxial layer may be a N type semiconductor layer and the second type epitaxial layer may be a P type semiconductor layer.
[0090] In some embodiments, the sidewall of a top dome microlens may be perpendicular to the bottom surface of an adjacent trench. In some embodiments, the sidewall of a top dome microlens may forms an obtuse angle or an acute angle with the bottom surface of an adjacent trench.
[0091] In some embodiments, the bonding nano-structure layer may be formed at the bottom surface of the first type epitaxial layer. In some embodiments, the bonding nano-structure layer further includes a dielectric material filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures.
[0092] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes multiple contact structures formed between the micro-LED array and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure may be formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure. In some embodiments, a dielectric material may be filled between adjacent contact structures and between adjacent bonding nano-structures. In some embodiments, the dielectric material may be SiO2, SiN, SiON, TiO2, or any combination thereof.
[0093] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer includes multiple nano-mirrors formed between the micro-LED array and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each nano-mirror may be formed between a corresponding contact structure and a corresponding bonding nano-structure. In some embodiments, the material of the nano-mirrors may be metal, such as Al, Au, Ag, Ni, Pd, Pt, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, a DBR dielectric material may be filled between adjacent contact structures, between adjacent nano-mirrors, and between adjacent bonding nano-structures. In some embodiments, the DBR dielectric material may be formed by SiO2 / TiO2 dielectric pairs, SiO2 / Ta2O5 dielectric pairs, SiO2 / SiN dielectric pairs, or any combination thereof.
[0094] In some embodiments, the material of the bonding nano-structures may be selected from Cu, Au, Al, Ti, TiN, TaN, Ni, Ag, Pd, or any combination thereof.
[0095] In some embodiments, the top conductive layer may include openings formed on top of the bottom of the trenches. In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes Schottky contact pads formed in the openings on top of the extension part. In some embodiments, the material of the Schottky contact pads may be Al, Ti, Ni, Pd, Pt, Au, or any combination thereof.
[0096] In some embodiments, the second type epitaxial layer further includes an etching stop layer formed at the bottom of the top dome microlens array. In some embodiments, the material of the etching stop layer may be AlGaN, AlN, AlGaAs, AlInP, AlInGaP, AlP, or InGaP.
[0097] In some embodiments, the width of the micro-LED array may be about 1 millimeter to about 20 millimeters, and the thickness of the micro-LED array may be about 1 micron to about 20 microns (excluding thickness contributed from IC wafer) .
[0098] In some embodiments, the first type epitaxial layer includes a first type epitaxial sub-layer and multiple first type epitaxial structures formed at the bottom of the first type epitaxial sub-layer. The first type epitaxial sub-layer has a first doping concentration, and the first type epitaxial structures have a second doping concentration. In some embodiments, the first doping concentration may be lower than the second doping concentration. In some embodiments, the light emitting layer may be formed on top of the first type epitaxial sub-layer.
[0099] In some embodiments, each first type epitaxial structures may be formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure. In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes multiple contact structures. In some embodiments, each contact structure may be formed between a first type epitaxial structure and a corresponding bonding nano-structure. In some embodiments, a dielectric material may be filled between adjacent first type epitaxial structures, between adjacent contact structures, and between adjacent bonding nano-structures.
[0100] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array layer further includes multiple contact structures and multiple nano-mirrors. In some embodiments, each nano-mirror may be formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure, each contact structure may be formed on top of a corresponding nano-mirror, and each first type epitaxial structure may be formed on top of a corresponding contact structure. In some embodiments, a DBR dielectric material may be filled between adjacent first type epitaxial structures, between adjacent contact structures, between adjacent nano-mirrors, and between adjacent bonding nano-structures.
[0101] Some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a micro-LED display panel. The micro-LED display panel includes an IC backplane, a micro-LED array, and a bonding nano structure layer. The IC backplane includes a top pad array. The micro-LED array may be formed on top of the IC backplane and may be configured to be bonded with the IC backplane. Each micro-LED of the micro-LED array may be separately, electrically controlled by the IC backplane. The bonding nano-structure layer includes multiple bonding nano-structures formed at the bottom of the micro-LED array, which may be configured to bond the micro-LED array with the IC backplane.
[0102] In some embodiments, the micro-LED array includes a first type epitaxial layer, a light emitting layer formed on top of the first type epitaxial layer, and a second type epitaxial layer formed on top of the light emitting layer. In some embodiments, the second type epitaxial layer includes a top dome microlens array.
[0103] In some embodiments, each top pad of the top pad array may be formed for bonding with a corresponding micro-LED of the micro-LED array. In some embodiments, for each micro-LED of the micro-LED array, at least one bonding nano-structure of a set of bonding nano-structures corresponding to the micro-LED may be bonded with a corresponding top pad configured to bond with the micro-LED. In some embodiments, each bonding nano-structure may be bonded with at most one top pad of the top pad array.
[0104] Note that the various embodiments described above can be combined with any other embodiments described herein. The features and advantages described in the disclosure are not all-inclusive and, in particular, many additional features and advantages will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the drawings, specification, and claims. Moreover, it should be noted that the language used in the disclosure has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0105] So that the present disclosure can be understood in greater detail, a more particular description may be had by reference to the features of various embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. The appended drawings, however, merely illustrate pertinent features of the present disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting, for the description may admit to other effective features.
[0106] For convenience, “up” is used to mean away from an IC backplane of a micro-LED display panel as shown in the Figures, “down” means toward the IC backplane, and other directional terms such as top, bottom, above, below, under, beneath, etc. are interpreted accordingly.
[0107] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0108] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0109] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0110] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0111] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of the positional relationship between top pads of the IC backplane and bonding nano-structures of the micro-LED array layer in FIGs. 1 through 4, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0112] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0113] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0114] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0115] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0116] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of the positional relationship between top pads of the IC backplane and bonding nano-structures of the micro-LED array layer in FIGs. 6 through 9, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0117] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0118] FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0119] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0120] FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0121] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of the positional relationship between top pads of the IC backplane and bonding nano-structures of the micro-LED array layer in FIGs. 11 through 14, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0122] FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0123] FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0124] FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0125] FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0126] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of the positional relationship between top pads of the IC backplane and bonding nano-structures of the micro-LED array layer in FIGs. 16 through 19, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0127] FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0128] FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0129] FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0130] FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0131] FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0132] FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0133] FIG. 27 illustrates an example of the positional relationship between top pads of the IC backplane and bonding nano-structures of the micro-LED array layer in FIGs. 21 through 26, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0134] FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0135] FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0136] FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0137] FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0138] FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0139] FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer and an IC backplane, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0140] FIG. 34 illustrates an example of the positional relationship between top pads of the IC backplane and bonding nano-structures of the micro-LED array layer in FIGs. 28 through 33, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0141] In accordance with common practice, the various features illustrated in the drawings may not be drawn to scale. Accordingly, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily expanded or reduced for clarity. In addition, some of the drawings may not depict all of the components of a given system, method, or device. Finally, like reference numerals may be used to denote like features throughout the specification and figures.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0142] Numerous details are described herein in order to provide a thorough understanding of the example embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. However, some embodiments may be practiced without many of the specific details, and the scope of the claims is only limited by those features and aspects specifically recited in the claims. Furthermore, well-known processes, components, and materials have not been described in exhaustive detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure pertinent aspects of the embodiments described herein.
[0143] As discussed above, to resolve the problem in the related technologies, in some embodiments, a micro-LED display panel including a micro-LED array layer is disclosed in the present disclosure. In some embodiments, multiple micro-LED structures are formed on the micro-LED display panel in an array, with a resolution such as 720*480, 640*480, 1920*1080, 1280*720, 2k, 4k, so forth. In some embodiments, the diameter of each micro-LED structure is at a nano-meter level.
[0144] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 100, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1, micro-LED display panel 100 includes a micro-LED array layer 190 and an integrated circuit (IC) backplane 170. Micro-LED array layer 190 is configured to be bonded with IC backplane 170 and be electronically controlled by IC backplane 170.
[0145] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 190 includes a micro-LED array 110, which includes multiple micro-LEDs (e.g., micro-LEDs 101 and 102) . Each micro-LED of micro-LED array 110 may form at least a portion of a pixel element on micro-LED display panel 100. In some embodiments, the width of the micro-LED array may be about 1 millimeter to about 20 millimeters, and the thickness of the micro-LED array may be about 1 micron to about 20 microns (excluding thickness contributed from IC wafer) . In some embodiments, each micro-LED is configured to be bonded with IC backplane 170 and separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 170.
[0146] In some embodiments, IC backplane 170 includes multiple top pads 171 (e.g., top pads 171-1, 171-2, etc. ) forming a top pad array. Each micro-LED of micro-LED array 110 corresponds to and is configured to be bonded with each top pad 171 of IC backplane 170. For example, micro-LED 101 is configured to be bonded with top pad 171-1, and micro-LED 102 is configured to be bonded with top pad 171-2. In some embodiments, a dielectric layer 172 is formed to fill into the spaces among multiple top pads 171.
[0147] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 190 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer, which includes multiple bonding nano-structures 140 (e.g., bonding nano-structures 140-1, 140-2, etc. ) formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 110. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 140 may be randomly distributed within the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 140 may be orderly distributed to form an orderly bonding nano-structure array. In some embodiments, the material of bonding nano-structures 140 may be Cu, Au, Al, Ti, TiN, TaN, Ni, Ag, Pd, any combination thereof, or any similar materials.
[0148] In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 140 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 110 are configured to bond micro-LED array 110 with IC backplane 170 by bonding with top pads 171 of IC backplane 170. In some embodiments, each micro-LED (e.g., micro-LED 101 or 102) corresponds to multiple or at least four (4) bonding nano-structures 140. In some embodiments, a micro-LED corresponding to a bonding nano-structure 140 means that entire bonding nano-structure 140 overlaps with the micro-LED when both of them are projected onto IC backplane 170. To ensure that each micro-LED is bonded with IC backplane 170 through a corresponding top pad 171, at least one bonding nano-structure 140 of a set of bonding nano-structures 140 corresponding to the micro-LED is bonded with that corresponding top pad 171. For example, at least one bonding nano-structure 140-1 of a set of bonding nano-structures 140 corresponding to micro-LED 101 is bonded with top pad 171-1, and at least one bonding nano-structure 140-2 of a set of bonding nano-structures 140 corresponding to the micro-LED 102 is bonded with top pad 171-2. Since each micro-LED is separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 170, one bonding nano-structure 140 may be bonded with at most one top pad 171.
[0149] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 140 is less than the width of each top pad 171. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 140 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 171. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 140 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 171. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 140 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 171. A pitch refers to the distance between the centers of two objects. For example, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 140 refers to the distance between the centers of two adjacent bonding nano-structures 140. A width of an object refers to the maximum distance between any two points at the edge of the object. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 140 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 171 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 171 is about 200 nanometers.
[0150] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 190 further includes multiple contact structures 150 formed between micro-LED array 110 and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure 150 is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 140.
[0151] In some embodiments, a dielectric material 160 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 140. In some embodiments, dielectric material 160 is further filled between adjacent contact structures 150. In some embodiments, dielectric material 160 may be selected from SiO2, SiN, SiON, TiO2, any combination thereof, or any similar materials.
[0152] As shown in FIG. 1, micro-LED array 110 includes a first type epitaxial layer 111, a light emitting layer 113 formed on first type epitaxial layer 111, and a second type epitaxial layer 112 formed on light emitting layer 113. In some embodiments, the bonding nano-structure layer comprising multiple bonding nano-structures 140 is formed at the bottom surface of first type epitaxial layer 111.
[0153] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 112 includes a top mesa array 112b and an extension part 112a formed at the bottom of top mesa array 112b. Each top mesa of top mesa array 112b is extruded upward from extension part 112a of second type epitaxial layer 112, thereby forming trenches 119 between adjacent top mesas of top mesa array 112b. In some embodiments, the angle between a sidewall of any top mesa and the bottom surface of an adjacent trench 119 is an obtuse angle or an acute angle.
[0154] In some embodiments, first type epitaxial layer 111 is a P type semiconductor layer and second type epitaxial layer 112 is a N type semiconductor layer. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial layer 111 is a N type semiconductor layer and second type epitaxial layer 112 is a P type semiconductor layer. In some embodiments, the material of first type epitaxial layer 111 is nitride-based material such as GaN (or similar bandgap semiconductor) , AlGaN, Al doped GaN, InGaN, AlInGaN, or other metal doped GaN (or other metal doped similar bandgap semiconductor) ; the material of second type epitaxial layer 112 is GaN (or similar bandgap semiconductor) ; and light emitting layer 113 is a quantum well layer. In some embodiments, the material of the first type epitaxial layer 111 may be a phosphide-based material such as AlInGaP, AlInP, GaP, or InGaP. In some embodiments, the material of the second type epitaxial layer 112 may be a phosphide-based material such as AlInGaP, AlInP, GaP, or InGaP. In some embodiments, the light emitting layer 113 may be a quantum well layer.
[0155] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 190 further includes a top conductive layer 120 formed on second type epitaxial layer 112 of micro-LED array 110. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 120 is further formed on the sidewalls and bottom of trenches 119. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 120 is transparent. In some embodiments, the material of top conductive layer 120 is indium tin oxide (ITO) , aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) , gallium doped zinc oxide (GZO) , indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) , or zinc oxide (ZnO) , any combination thereof, or any similar materials.
[0156] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 190 further includes multiple top contact pads 130 formed on top conductive layer 120 to improve the current spreading effect of top conductive layer 120. In some embodiments, top contact pads 130 are formed on the bottom of trenches 119 and between adjacent top mesas of top mesa array 112b. In some embodiments, the material of top contact pads 130 is Au, Cu, Al, Ti, TiN, TaN, Ni, Ag, Pd, any combination thereof, or any similar materials.
[0157] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 190 further includes a microlens array (not shown) formed on top conductive layer 120. Each microlens of the microlens array is formed corresponding to a top mesa of top mesa array 112b.
[0158] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 200, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2, micro-LED display panel 200 includes a micro-LED array layer 290 and an IC backplane 270. Micro-LED array layer 290 is configured to be bonded with IC backplane 270 and be electronically controlled by IC backplane 270. In some embodiments, IC backplane 270 in FIG. 2 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 170 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0159] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 290 includes a micro-LED array 210, which includes multiple micro-LEDs (e.g., micro-LEDs 201 and 202) . Each micro-LED of micro-LED array 210 may form at least a portion of a pixel element on micro- LED display panel 200. In some embodiments, each micro-LED is configured to be bonded with IC backplane 270 and separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 270.
[0160] In some embodiments, IC backplane 270 includes multiple top pads 271 forming a top pad array. Each micro-LED of micro-LED array 210 corresponds to and is configured to be bonded with a top pad 271 of IC backplane 270. In some embodiments, a dielectric layer 272 is formed to fill into the spaces among multiple top pads 271. In some embodiments, top pads 271 and dielectric layer 272 in FIG. 2 may be the same as or similar to top pads 171 and dielectric layer 172 as described above with reference to FIG. 1, respectively.
[0161] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 290 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer, which includes multiple bonding nano-structures 240 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 210. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 240 may be randomly distributed within the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 240 may be orderly distributed to form an orderly bonding nano-structure array. In some embodiments, the bonding nano-structure layer and bonding nano-structures 240 in FIG. 2 may be the same as or similar to the bonding nano-structure layer and bonding nano-structures 140 as described above with reference to FIG. 1, respectively.
[0162] In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 240 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 210 are configured to bond micro-LED array 210 with IC backplane 270 by bonding with top pads 271 of IC backplane 270. In some embodiments, each micro-LED (e.g., micro-LED 201 or 202) corresponds to multiple or at least four (4) bonding nano-structures 240. To ensure that each micro-LED is bonded with IC backplane 270 through a corresponding top pad 271, at least one bonding nano-structure 240 of a set of bonding nano-structures 240 corresponding to the micro-LED is bonded with that corresponding top pad 271. Since each micro-LED is separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 270, one bonding nano-structure 240 may be bonded with at most one top pad 271.
[0163] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 240 is less than the width of each top pad 271. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 240 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 271. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 240 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 271. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano- structure 240 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 271. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 240 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 271 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 271 is about 200 nanometers.
[0164] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 290 further includes multiple contact structures 250 formed between micro-LED array 210 and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure 250 is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 240. In some embodiments, contact structures 250 in FIG. 2 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 150 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0165] In some embodiments, a dielectric material 260 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 240. In some embodiments, dielectric material 260 is further filled between adjacent contact structures 250. In some embodiments, dielectric material 260 in FIG. 2 may be the same as or similar to dielectric material 160 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0166] As shown in FIG. 2, micro-LED array 210 includes a first type epitaxial layer 211, a light emitting layer 213 formed on first type epitaxial layer 211, and a second type epitaxial layer 212 formed on light emitting layer 213. In some embodiments, the bonding nano-structure layer comprising multiple bonding nano-structures 240 is formed at the bottom surface of first type epitaxial layer 211. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial layer 211 and light emitting layer 213 in FIG. 2 may be the same as or similar to first type epitaxial layer 111 and light emitting layer 113 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0167] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 212 includes a top mesa array 212b and an extension part 212a formed at the bottom of top mesa array 212b. Each top mesa of top mesa array 212b is extruded upward from extension part 212a of second type epitaxial layer 212, thereby forming trenches 219 between adjacent top mesas of top mesa array 212b. In some embodiments, the sidewalls of each top mesa are perpendicular to the bottom surface of trenches 219. In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 212 in FIG. 2 may be similar to second type epitaxial layer 112 as described above with reference to FIG. 1 except for the shape of the top mesas.
[0168] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 290 further includes a top conductive layer 220 formed on second type epitaxial layer 212 of micro-LED array 210. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 220 is further formed on the sidewalls and the bottom of trenches 219. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 220 in FIG. 2 may be similar to top conductive layer 120 as described above with reference to FIG. 1 except for the shape along the sidewalls of the top mesas.
[0169] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 290 further includes multiple top contact pads 230 formed on top conductive layer 220. In some embodiments, top contact pads 230 are formed on the bottom of trenches 219 and between adjacent top mesas of top mesa array 212b. In some embodiments, top contact pads 230 in FIG. 2 may be the same as or similar to top contact pads 130 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0170] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 290 further includes a microlens array (not shown) formed on top conductive layer 220. Each microlens of the microlens array is formed corresponding to a top mesa of top mesa array 212b.
[0171] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 300, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3, micro-LED display panel 300 includes a micro-LED array layer 390 and an IC backplane 370. Micro-LED array layer 390 is configured to be bonded with IC backplane 370 and be electronically controlled by IC backplane 370. In some embodiments, IC backplane 370 in FIG. 3 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 170 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0172] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 390 includes a micro-LED array 310, which includes multiple micro-LEDs (e.g., micro-LEDs 301 and 302) . Each micro-LED of micro-LED array 310 may form at least a portion of a pixel element on micro-LED display panel 300. In some embodiments, each micro-LED is configured to be bonded with IC backplane 370 and separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 370. In some embodiments, micro-LED array 310 and micro-LEDs 301 and 302 in FIG. 3 may be the same as or similar to micro-LED array 110 and the micro-LEDs 101 and 102 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0173] In some embodiments, IC backplane 370 includes multiple top pads 371 forming a top pad array. Each micro-LED of micro-LED array 310 corresponds to and is configured to be bonded with a top pad 371 of IC backplane 370. In some embodiments, a dielectric layer 372 is formed to fill into the spaces among multiple top pads 371. In some embodiments, top pads 371 and dielectric layer 372 in FIG. 3 may be the same as or similar to top pads 171 and dielectric layer 172 as described above with reference to FIG. 1, respectively.
[0174] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 390 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer, which includes multiple bonding nano-structures 340 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 310. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 340 may be randomly distributed within the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 340 may be orderly distributed to form an orderly bonding nano-structure array. In some embodiments, the bonding nano-structure layer and bonding nano-structures 340 in FIG. 3 may be the same as or similar to the bonding nano-structure layer and bonding nano-structures 140 as described above with reference to FIG. 1, respectively.
[0175] In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 340 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 310 are configured to bond micro-LED array 310 with IC backplane 370 by bonding with top pads 371 of IC backplane 370. In some embodiments, each micro-LED (e.g., micro-LED 301 or 302) corresponds to multiple or at least four (4) bonding nano-structures 340. To ensure that each micro-LED is bonded with IC backplane 370 through a corresponding top pad 371, at least one bonding nano-structure 340 of a set of bonding nano-structures 340 corresponding to the micro-LED is bonded with that corresponding top pad 371. Since each micro-LED is separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 370, one bonding nano-structure 340 may be bonded with at most one top pad 371.
[0176] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 340 is less than the width of each top pad 371. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 340 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 371. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 340 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 371. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 340 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 371. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 340 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 371 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 371 is about 200 nanometers.
[0177] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 390 further includes multiple contact structures 350 formed between micro-LED array 310 and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure 350 is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 340. In some embodiments, contact structures 350 in FIG. 3 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 150 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0178] In some embodiments, a dielectric material 360 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 340. In some embodiments, dielectric material 360 is further filled between adjacent contact structures 350. In some embodiments, dielectric material 360 in FIG. 3 may be the same as or similar to dielectric material 160 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0179] As shown in FIG. 3, micro-LED array 310 includes a first type epitaxial layer 311, a light emitting layer 313 formed on first type epitaxial layer 311, and a second type epitaxial layer 312 formed on light emitting layer 313. In some embodiments, the bonding nano-structure layer comprising multiple bonding nano-structures 340 is formed at the bottom surface of first type epitaxial layer 311. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial layer 311, second type epitaxial layer 312, and light emitting layer 313 in FIG. 3 may be the same as or similar to first type epitaxial layer 111, second type epitaxial layer 112, and light emitting layer 113, respectively, as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0180] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 312 includes a top mesa array 312b and an extension part 312a formed at the bottom of top mesa array 312b. Each top mesa of top mesa array 312b is extruded upward from extension part 312a of second type epitaxial layer 312, thereby forming trenches 319 between adjacent top mesas of top mesa array 312b. In some embodiments, the angle between a sidewall of any top mesa and the bottom surface of an adjacent trench 319 is an obtuse angle or an acute angle.
[0181] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 390 further includes a top conductive layer 320 formed on second type epitaxial layer 312 of micro-LED array 310. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 320 is further formed on the sidewalls and the bottom of trenches 319. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 320 further includes openings formed on top of the bottom of trenches 319.
[0182] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 390 further includes multiple Schottky contact pads 331 formed in the openings of top conductive layer 320. In some embodiments, Schottky contact pads 331 are formed on top of extension part 312a of second type epitaxial layer 312. In some embodiments, Schottky contact pads 331 are formed on the bottom of trenches 319 and between adjacent top mesas of top mesa array 312b. Schottky contact pads 331 may prevent or reduce the lateral migration of carriers between the adjacent top mesas of top mesa array 312b. In some embodiments, the material of Schottky contact pads 331 is Al, Ti, Ni, Pd, Pt, Au, any combination thereof, or any similar materials.
[0183] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 390 further includes a microlens array (not shown) formed on top conductive layer 320. Each microlens of the microlens array is formed corresponding to a top mesa of top mesa array 312b.
[0184] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 400, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4, micro-LED display panel 400 includes a micro-LED array layer 490 and an IC backplane 470. Micro-LED array layer 490 is configured to be bonded with IC backplane 470 and be electronically controlled by IC backplane 470. In some embodiments, IC backplane 470 in FIG. 4 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 170 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0185] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 490 includes a micro-LED array 410, which includes multiple micro-LEDs (e.g., micro-LEDs 401 and 402) . Each micro-LED of micro-LED array 410 may form at least a portion of a pixel element on micro-LED display panel 400. In some embodiments, each micro-LED is configured to be bonded with IC backplane 470 and separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 470.
[0186] In some embodiments, IC backplane 470 includes multiple top pads 471 forming a top pad array. Each micro-LED of micro-LED array 410 corresponds to and is configured to be bonded with a top pad 471 of IC backplane 470. In some embodiments, a dielectric layer 472 is formed to fill into the spaces among multiple top pads 471. In some embodiments, top pads 471 and dielectric layer 472 in FIG. 4 may be the same as or similar to top pads 171 and dielectric layer 172 as described above with reference to FIG. 1, respectively.
[0187] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 490 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer, which includes multiple bonding nano-structures 440 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 410. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 440 may be randomly distributed within the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 440 may be orderly distributed to form an orderly bonding nano-structure array. In some embodiments, the bonding nano-structure layer and bonding nano-structures 440 in FIG. 4 may be the same as or similar to the bonding nano-structure layer and bonding nano-structures 140 as described above with reference to FIG. 1, respectively.
[0188] In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 440 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 410 are configured to bond micro-LED array 410 with IC backplane 470 by bonding with top pads 471 of IC backplane 470. In some embodiments, each micro-LED (e.g., micro-LED 401 or 402) corresponds to multiple or at least four (4) bonding nano-structures 440. To ensure that each micro-LED is bonded with IC backplane 470 through a corresponding top pad 471, at least one bonding nano-structure 440 of a set of bonding nano-structures 440 corresponding to the micro-LED is bonded with that corresponding top pad 471. Since each micro-LED is separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 470, one bonding nano-structure 440 may be bonded with at most one top pad 471.
[0189] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 440 is less than the width of each top pad 471. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 440 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 471. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 440 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 471. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 440 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 471. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 440 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 471 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 471 is about 200 nanometers.
[0190] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 490 further includes multiple contact structures 450 formed between micro-LED array 410 and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure 450 is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 440. In some embodiments, contact structures 450 in FIG. 4 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 150 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0191] In some embodiments, a dielectric material 460 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 440. In some embodiments, dielectric material 460 is further filled between adjacent contact structures 450. In some embodiments, dielectric material 460 in FIG. 4 may be the same as or similar to dielectric material 160 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0192] As shown in FIG. 4, micro-LED array 410 includes a first type epitaxial layer 411, a light emitting layer 413 formed on first type epitaxial layer 411, and a second type epitaxial layer 412 formed on light emitting layer 413. In some embodiments, the bonding nano-structure layer comprising multiple bonding nano-structures 440 is formed at the bottom surface of first type epitaxial layer 411. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial layer 411 and light emitting layer 413 in FIG. 4 may be the same as or similar to first type epitaxial layer 111 and light emitting layer 113 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0193] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 412 includes a top mesa array 412b and an extension part 412a formed at the bottom of top mesa array 412b. Each top mesa of top mesa array 412b is extruded upward from a continuous bottom of second type epitaxial layer 412, thereby forming trenches 419 between adjacent top mesas of top mesa array 412b. In some embodiments, the angle between a sidewall of any top mesa and the bottom surface of an adjacent trench 419 is an obtuse angle or an acute angle.
[0194] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 412 further comprises an etching stop layer 414 formed at the bottom of top mesa array 412b and between top mesa array 412b and extension part 412a of second type epitaxial layer 412. Since the top mesas of top mesa array 412b are formed during an etching process by etching an original second type epitaxial layer from the top, etching stop layer 414 is used in the etching process to prevent extension part 412a from being etched, leaving extension part 412a continues and intact. In some embodiments, the material of second type epitaxial layer 412 is GaN or AlIn (Ga) P. In some embodiments, etching stop layer 414 is not reactive to the selective etching solution for removing GaN or AlIn (Ga) P. In some embodiments, the material of etching stop layer 414 is AlGaN, AlN, AlGaAs, AlInP, AlInGaP, AlP, InGaP, any combination thereof, or any similar materials. In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 412 in FIG. 4 may be similar to second type epitaxial layer 112 as described above with reference to FIG. 1 except for the inclusion of etching stop layer 414.
[0195] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 490 further includes a top conductive layer 420 formed on second type epitaxial layer 412 of micro-LED array 410. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 420 is further formed on the sidewalls and the bottom of trenches 419. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 420 in FIG. 4 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 120 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0196] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 490 further includes multiple top contact pads 430 formed on top conductive layer 420. In some embodiments, top contact pads 430 are formed on the bottom of trenches 419 and between adjacent top mesas of top mesa array 412b. In some embodiments, top contact pads 430 in FIG. 4 may be the same as or similar to top contact pads 130 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0197] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 490 further includes a microlens array (not shown) formed on top conductive layer 420. Each microlens of the microlens array is formed corresponding to a top mesa of top mesa array 412b.
[0198] FIG. 5 is a top-view schematic diagram of the bonding nano-structure layer illustrated in FIGs. 1 through 4, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Please note that FIG. 5 illustrates an example of the positional relationship between top pads 571 of the IC backplane and bonding nano-structures 540 of the micro-LED array layer. Top pads 571 indicated by dotted lines may not be visible to the naked eye viewing the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, top pads 571 in FIG. 5 may be the same as or similar to top pads 171, 271, 371, or 471 as described above with reference to FIGs. 1 through 4, respectively. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 540 in FIG. 5 may be the same as or similar to bonding nano-structures 140, 240, 340, or 440 as described above with reference to FIGs. 1 through 4, respectively.
[0199] In some embodiments, a dielectric material 560 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 540. In some embodiments, dielectric material 560 in FIG. 5 may be the same as or similar to dielectric material 160, 260, 360, or 460 as described above with reference to FIGs. 1 through 4, respectively.
[0200] In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 540 of the bonding nano-structure layer form an orderly bonding nano-structure array. In some embodiments, the orderly bonding nano-structure array includes one or more first type rows R1 and one or more second type rows R2. First type row R1 and second type row R2 are alternately placed in a repeating pattern. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 540 in each first type row R1 and bonding nano-structures 540 in each second type row R2 are staggered.
[0201] In some embodiments, the space between adjacent bonding nano-structures 540 in first type row R1 or in second type row R2 is larger than the space between one first type row R1 and an adjacent second type row R2.
[0202] In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 540 are configured to be bonded with top pads 571. In some embodiments, each micro-LED of the micro-LED array layer may correspond to a top pad 571, and each micro-LED may correspond to multiple bonding nano-structures 540. In some embodiments, at least one bonding nano-structure 540 of a set of bonding nano-structures 540 corresponding to a micro-LED is bonded with a corresponding top pad 571 configured to bond with that micro-LED. In some embodiments, one bonding nano-structure 540 may be bonded with at most one top pad 571.
[0203] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 540 is less than the width of each top pad 571. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 540 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 571. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 540 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 571. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 540 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 571. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 540 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 571 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 571 is about 200 nanometers.
[0204] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 600, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6, micro-LED display panel 600 includes a structure similar to micro-LED display panel 100 as described above with reference to FIG. 1. However, unlike micro-LED display panel 100, micro-LED display panel 600 further includes at least a distributed Bragg reflector ( “DBR” ) dielectric layer 661 and multiple nano-mirrors 680.
[0205] In some embodiments, micro-LED display panel 600 include an IC backplane 670 and a micro-LED array layer 690 formed on top of IC backplane 670. In some embodiments, IC backplane 670 includes multiple top pads 671 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 672 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 671. In some embodiments, IC backplane 670, top pads 671, and dielectric layer 672 in FIG. 6 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 170, top pads 171, and dielectric layer 172 as described above with reference to FIG. 1, respectively.
[0206] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 690 includes a micro-LED array 610 configured to be bonded with IC backplane 670. Each micro-LED of micro-LED array 610 may be configured to be separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 670. In some embodiments, micro-LED array 610 includes a first type epitaxial layer 611, a light emitting layer 613, and a second type epitaxial layer 612 arranged from bottom to top. In some embodiments, micro-LED array 610, first type epitaxial layer 611, second type epitaxial layer 612, and light emitting layer 613 in FIG. 6 may be the same as or similar to micro-LED array 110, first type epitaxial layer 111, second type epitaxial layer 112, and light emitting layer 113 as described above with reference to FIG. 1, respectively.
[0207] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 612 includes a top mesa array 612b and an extension part 612a. Each top mesa of top mesa array 612b is extruded upward from extension part 612a, thereby forming trenches 619 between adjacent top mesas. In some embodiments, the angle between a sidewall of a top mesa and the bottom surface of an adjacent trench 619 is an obtuse angle or an acute angle. In some embodiments, top mesa array 612b, extension part 612a, and trenches 619 in FIG. 6 may be the same as or similar to top mesa array 112b, extension part 112a, and trenches 119 as described above with reference to FIG. 1, respectively.
[0208] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 690 further includes a top conductive layer 620 formed on micro-LED array 610 and multiple top contact pads 630 formed on top conductive layer 620. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 620 covers the top surface of second type epitaxial layer 612 and is formed on the sidewalls and the bottom of trenches 619, and top contact pads 630 are formed on the bottom of trenches 619 between adjacent top mesas. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 620 and top contact pads 630 in FIG. 6 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 120 and top contact pads 130 as described above with reference to FIG. 1, respectively.
[0209] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 690 further includes a microlens array (not shown) formed on top conductive layer 620. Each microlens of the microlens array is formed corresponding to a top mesa of top mesa array 612b.
[0210] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 690 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer formed between micro-LED array 610 and IC backplane 670 and configured to bond micro-LED array 610 with IC backplane 670. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structure layer includes DBR dielectric layer 661 and multiple bonding nano-structures 640 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 610. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric layer 661 comprises multiple openings, and multiple bonding nano-structures 640 are formed in the multiple openings. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 640 in FIG. 6 may be the same as or similar to bonding nano-structures 140 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0211] In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 640 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 610 are configured to bond micro-LED array 610 with IC backplane 670 by bonding with top pads 671 of IC backplane 670. In some embodiments, each micro-LED corresponds to multiple or at least four (4) bonding nano-structures 640. In some embodiments, at least one bonding nano-structure 640 of a set of bonding nano-structures 640 corresponding to a micro-LED is bonded with a corresponding top pad 671 configured to bond with that micro-LED. In some embodiments, one bonding nano-structure 640 may be bonded with at most one top pad 671. In some embodiments, for each bonding nano-structure 640 bonded with a particular top pad 671, the top of that bonding nano-structure 640 is electrically connected with a corresponding micro-LED of micro-LED array 610 and the bottom of that bonding nano-structure 640 is connected with the particular top pad 671 of the top pad array.
[0212] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 640 is less than the width of each top pad 671. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 640 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 671. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 640 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 671. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 640 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 671. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 640 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 671 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 671 is about 200 nanometers.
[0213] In some embodiments, the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 640 in FIG. 6 may be the same as the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 140 as described above with reference to FIG. 1. In some embodiments, the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 640 and top pads 671 in FIG. 6 may be the same as the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 140 and top pads 171 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0214] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 690 further includes multiple nano-mirrors 680 formed between micro-LED array 610 and the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, each nano-mirror 680 may be formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 640. DBR dielectric layer 661 and multiple nano-mirrors 680 collectively form an entire reflective layer configured to reflect the light emitted by the micro-LEDs, increasing the light efficiency of micro-LED display panel 600. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric layer 661 may be formed by SiO2 / TiO2 dielectric pairs, SiO2 / Ta2O5 dielectric pairs, SiO2 / SiN dielectric pairs, any combination thereof, or any similar dielectric pairs. In some embodiments, the material of nano-mirrors 680 may be metal, such as Al, Au, Ag, Ni, Pd, Pt, any combination thereof, or any similar materials.
[0215] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 690 further includes multiple contact structures 650 formed between micro-LED array 610 and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure 650 may be formed on top of a corresponding nano-mirror 680 and / or a corresponding bonding nano-structure 640. In some embodiments, contact structures 650 in FIG. 6 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 150 as described above with reference to FIG. 1. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric layer 661 is further filled into the spaces between adjacent bonding nano-structures 640 and the spaces between adjacent nano-mirrors 680.
[0216] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 700, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 7, micro-LED display panel 700 includes a structure similar to micro-LED display panel 200 as described above with reference to FIG. 2. However, unlike micro-LED display panel 200, micro-LED display panel 700 further includes at least a DBR dielectric layer 761 and multiple nano-mirrors 780.
[0217] In some embodiments, micro-LED display panel 700 include an IC backplane 770 and a micro-LED array layer 790 formed on top of IC backplane 770. In some embodiments, IC backplane 770 includes multiple top pads 771 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 772 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 771. In some embodiments, IC backplane 770, top pads 771, and dielectric layer 772 in FIG. 7 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 270, top pads 271, and dielectric layer 272 as described above with reference to FIG. 2, respectively.
[0218] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 790 includes a micro-LED array 710 configured to be bonded with IC backplane 770. Each micro-LED of micro-LED array 710 may be configured to be separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 770. In some embodiments, micro-LED array 710 includes a first type epitaxial layer 711, a light emitting layer 713, and a second type epitaxial layer 712 arranged from bottom to top. In some embodiments, micro-LED array 710, first type epitaxial layer 711, second type epitaxial layer 712, and light emitting layer 713 in FIG. 7 may be the same as or similar to micro-LED array 210, first type epitaxial layer 211, second type epitaxial layer 212, and light emitting layer 213 as described above with reference to FIG. 2, respectively.
[0219] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 712 includes a top mesa array 712b and an extension part 712a. Each top mesa of top mesa array 712b is extruded upward from extension part 712a, thereby forming trenches 719 between adjacent top mesas. In some embodiments, the sidewalls of each top mesa are perpendicular to the bottom surface of trenches 719. In some embodiments, top mesa array 712b, extension part 712a, and trenches 719 in FIG. 7 may be the same as or similar to top mesa array 212b, extension part 212a, and trenches 219 as described above with reference to FIG. 2, respectively.
[0220] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 790 further includes a top conductive layer 720 formed on micro-LED array 710 and multiple top contact pads 730 formed on top conductive layer 720. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 720 covers the top surface of second type epitaxial layer 712 and is formed on the sidewalls and the bottom of trenches 719, and top contact pads 730 are formed on the bottom of trenches 719 between adjacent top mesas. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 720 and top contact pads 730 in FIG. 7 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 220 and top contact pads 230 as described above with reference to FIG. 2, respectively.
[0221] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 790 further includes a microlens array (not shown) formed on top conductive layer 720. Each microlens of the microlens array is formed corresponding to a top mesa of top mesa array 712b.
[0222] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 790 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer formed between micro-LED array 710 and IC backplane 770 and configured to bond micro-LED array 710 with IC backplane 770. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structure layer includes DBR dielectric layer 761 and multiple bonding nano- structures 740 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 710. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric layer 761 comprises multiple openings, and multiple bonding nano-structures 740 are formed in the multiple openings. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 740 in FIG. 7 may be the same as or similar to bonding nano-structures 240 as described above with reference to FIG. 2.
[0223] In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 740 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 710 are configured to bond micro-LED array 710 with IC backplane 770 by bonding with top pads 771 of IC backplane 770. In some embodiments, each micro-LED corresponds to multiple or at least four (4) bonding nano-structures 740. In some embodiments, at least one bonding nano-structure 740 of a set of bonding nano-structures 740 corresponding to a micro-LED is bonded with a corresponding top pad 771 configured to bond with that micro-LED. In some embodiments, one bonding nano-structure 740 may be bonded with at most one top pad 771. In some embodiments, for each bonding nano-structure 740 bonded with a particular top pad 771, the top of that bonding nano-structure 740 is electrically connected with a corresponding micro-LED of micro-LED array 710 and the bottom of that bonding nano-structure 740 is connected with the particular top pad 771 of the top pad array.
[0224] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 740 is less than the width of each top pad 771. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 740 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 771. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 740 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 771. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 740 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 771. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 740 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 771 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 771 is about 200 nanometers.
[0225] In some embodiments, the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 740 in FIG. 7 may be the same as the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 240 as described above with reference to FIG. 2. In some embodiments, the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 740 and top pads 771 in FIG. 7 may be the same as the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 240 and top pads 271 as described above with reference to FIG. 2.
[0226] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 790 further includes multiple nano-mirrors 780 formed between micro-LED array 710 and the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, each nano-mirror 780 may be formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 740. DBR dielectric layer 761 and multiple nano-mirrors 780 collectively form an entire reflective layer configured to reflect the light emitted by the micro-LEDs, increasing the light efficiency of micro-LED display panel 700.
[0227] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 790 further includes multiple contact structures 750 formed between micro-LED array 710 and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure 750 may be formed on top of a corresponding nano-mirror 780 and / or a corresponding bonding nano-structure 740. In some embodiments, contact structures 750 in FIG. 7 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 250 as described above with reference to FIG. 2. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric layer 761 is further filled into the spaces between adjacent bonding nano-structures 740 and the spaces between adjacent nano-mirrors 780.
[0228] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 800, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 8, micro-LED display panel 800 includes a structure similar to micro-LED display panel 300 as described above with reference to FIG. 3. However, unlike micro-LED display panel 300, micro-LED display panel 800 further includes at least a DBR dielectric layer 861 and multiple nano-mirrors 880.
[0229] In some embodiments, micro-LED display panel 800 include an IC backplane 870 and a micro-LED array layer 890 formed on top of IC backplane 870. In some embodiments, IC backplane 870 includes multiple top pads 871 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 872 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 871. In some embodiments, IC backplane 870, top pads 871, and dielectric layer 872 in FIG. 8 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 370, top pads 371, and dielectric layer 372 as described above with reference to FIG. 3, respectively.
[0230] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 890 includes a micro-LED array 810 configured to be bonded with IC backplane 870. Each micro-LED of micro-LED array 810 may be configured to be separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 870. In some embodiments, micro-LED array 810 includes a first type epitaxial layer 811, a light emitting layer 813, and a second type epitaxial layer 812 arranged from bottom to top. In some embodiments, micro-LED array 810, first type epitaxial layer 811, second type epitaxial layer 812, and light emitting layer 813 in FIG. 8 may be the same as or similar to micro-LED array 310, first type epitaxial layer 311, second type epitaxial layer 312, and light emitting layer 313 as described above with reference to FIG. 3, respectively.
[0231] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 812 includes a top mesa array 812b and an extension part 812a. Each top mesa of top mesa array 812b is extruded upward from extension part 812a, thereby forming trenches 819 between adjacent top mesas. In some embodiments, the angle between a sidewall of a top mesa and the bottom surface of an adjacent trench 819 is an obtuse angle or an acute angle. In some embodiments, top mesa array 812b, extension part 812a, and trenches 819 in FIG. 8 may be the same as or similar to top mesa array 312b, extension part 312a, and trenches 319 described above with reference to FIG. 3, respectively.
[0232] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 890 further includes a top conductive layer 820 formed on micro-LED array 810. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 820 covers the top surface of second type epitaxial layer 812 and is formed on the sidewalls and the bottom of trenches 819. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 820 further includes openings formed on top of the bottom of trenches 819. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 890 further includes multiple Schottky contact pads 831 formed in the openings of top conductive layer 820. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 820 and Schottky contact pads 831 in FIG. 8 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 320 and Schottky contact pads 331 as described above with reference to FIG. 3, respectively.
[0233] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 890 further includes a microlens array (not shown) formed on top conductive layer 820. Each microlens of the microlens array is formed corresponding to a top mesa of top mesa array 812b.
[0234] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 890 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer formed between micro-LED array 810 and IC backplane 870 and configured to bond micro-LED array 810 with IC backplane 870. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structure layer includes DBR dielectric layer 861 and multiple bonding nano-structures 840 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 810. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric layer 861 comprises multiple openings, and multiple bonding nano-structures 840 are formed in the multiple openings. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 840 in FIG. 8 may be the same as or similar to bonding nano-structures 340 as described above with reference to FIG. 3.
[0235] In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 840 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 810 are configured to bond micro-LED array 810 with IC backplane 870 by bonding with top pads 871 of IC backplane 870. In some embodiments, each micro-LED corresponds to multiple or at least four (4) bonding nano-structures 840. In some embodiments, at least one bonding nano-structure 840 of a set of bonding nano-structures 840 corresponding to a micro-LED is bonded with a corresponding top pad 871 configured to bond with that micro-LED. In some embodiments, one bonding nano-structure 840 may be bonded with at most one top pad 871. In some embodiments, for each bonding nano-structure 840 bonded with a particular top pad 871, the top of that bonding nano-structure 840 is electrically connected with a corresponding micro-LED of micro-LED array 810 and the bottom of that bonding nano-structure 840 is connected with the particular top pad 871 of the top pad array.
[0236] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 840 is less than the width of each top pad 871. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 840 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 871. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 840 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 871. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 840 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 871. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 840 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 871 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 871 is about 200 nanometers.
[0237] In some embodiments, the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 840 in FIG. 8 may be the same as the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 340 as described above with reference to FIG. 3. In some embodiments, the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 840 and top pads 871 in FIG. 8 may be the same as the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 340 and top pads 371 as described above with reference to FIG. 3.
[0238] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 890 further includes multiple nano-mirrors 880 formed between micro-LED array 810 and the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, each nano-mirror 880 may be formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 840. DBR dielectric layer 861 and multiple nano-mirrors 880 collectively form an entire reflective layer configured to reflect the light emitted by the micro-LEDs, increasing the light efficiency of micro-LED display panel 800.
[0239] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 890 further includes multiple contact structures 850 formed between micro-LED array 810 and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure 850 may be formed on top of a corresponding nano-mirror 880 and / or a corresponding bonding nano-structure 840. In some embodiments, contact structures 850 in FIG. 8 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 350 as described above with reference to FIG. 3. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric layer 861 is further filled into the spaces between adjacent bonding nano-structures 840 and the spaces between adjacent nano-mirrors 880.
[0240] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 900, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 9, micro-LED display panel 900 includes a structure similar to micro-LED display panel 400 as described above with reference to FIG. 4. However, unlike micro-LED display panel 400, micro-LED display panel 900 further includes at least a DBR dielectric layer 961 and multiple nano-mirrors 980.
[0241] In some embodiments, micro-LED display panel 900 include an IC backplane 970 and a micro-LED array layer 990 formed on top of IC backplane 970. In some embodiments, IC backplane 970 includes multiple top pads 971 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 972 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 971. In some embodiments, IC backplane 970, top pads 971, and dielectric layer 972 in FIG. 9 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 470, top pads 471, and dielectric layer 472 as described above with reference to FIG. 4, respectively.
[0242] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 990 includes a micro-LED array 910 configured to be bonded with IC backplane 970. Each micro-LED of micro-LED array 910 may be configured to be separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 970. In some embodiments, micro-LED array 910 includes a first type epitaxial layer 911, a light emitting layer 913, and a second type epitaxial layer 912 arranged from bottom to top. In some embodiments, micro-LED array 910, first type epitaxial layer 911, second type epitaxial layer 912, and light emitting layer 913 in FIG. 9 may be the same as or similar to micro-LED array 410, first type epitaxial layer 411, second type epitaxial layer 412, and light emitting layer 413 as described above with reference to FIG. 4, respectively.
[0243] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 912 includes a top mesa array 912b and an extension part 912a. Each top mesa of top mesa array 912b is extruded upward from a continuous bottom of second type epitaxial layer 912, thereby forming trenches 919 between adjacent top mesas. In some embodiments, the angle between a sidewall of a top mesa and the bottom surface of an adjacent trench 919 is an obtuse angle or an acute angle. In some embodiments, top mesa array 912b, extension part 912a, and trenches 919 in FIG. 9 may be the same as or similar to top mesa array 412b, extension part 412a, and trenches 419 as described above with reference to FIG. 4, respectively.
[0244] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 912 further comprises an etching stop layer 914 formed between top mesa array 912b and extension part 912a. In some embodiments, etching stop layer 914 is used in the etching process to prevent extension part 912a from being etched, leaving extension part 912a continues and intact. In some embodiments, etching stop layer 914 in FIG. 9 may be the same as or similar to etching stop layer 414 as described above with reference to FIG. 4.
[0245] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 990 further includes a top conductive layer 920 formed on micro-LED array 910 and multiple top contact pads 930 formed on top conductive layer 920. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 920 covers the top surface of second type epitaxial layer 912 and is formed on the sidewalls and the bottom of trenches 919, and top contact pads 930 are formed on the bottom of trenches 919 between adjacent top mesas. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 920 and top contact pads 930 in FIG. 9 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 420 and top contact pads 430 as described above with reference to FIG. 4, respectively.
[0246] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 990 further includes a microlens array (not shown) formed on top conductive layer 920. Each microlens of the microlens array is formed corresponding to a top mesa of top mesa array 912b.
[0247] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 990 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer formed between micro-LED array 910 and IC backplane 970 and configured to bond micro-LED array 910 with IC backplane 970. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structure layer includes DBR dielectric layer 961 and multiple bonding nano- structures 940 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 910. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric layer 961 comprises multiple openings, and multiple bonding nano-structures 940 are formed in the multiple openings. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 940 in FIG. 9 may be the same as or similar to bonding nano-structures 440 as described above with reference to FIG. 4.
[0248] In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 940 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 910 are configured to bond micro-LED array 910 with IC backplane 970 by bonding with top pads 971 of IC backplane 970. In some embodiments, each micro-LED corresponds to multiple or at least four (4) bonding nano-structures 940. In some embodiments, at least one bonding nano-structure 940 of a set of bonding nano-structures 940 corresponding to a micro-LED is bonded with a corresponding top pad 971 configured to bond with that micro-LED. In some embodiments, one bonding nano-structure 940 may be bonded with at most one top pad 971. In some embodiments, for each bonding nano-structure 940 bonded with a particular top pad 971, the top of that bonding nano-structure 940 is electrically connected with a corresponding micro-LED of micro-LED array 910 and the bottom of that bonding nano-structure 940 is connected with the particular top pad 971 of the top pad array.
[0249] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 940 is less than the width of each top pad 971. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 940 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 971. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 940 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 971. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 940 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 971. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 940 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 971 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 971 is about 200 nanometers.
[0250] In some embodiments, the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 940 in FIG. 9 may be the same as the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 440 as described above with reference to FIG. 4. In some embodiments, the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 940 and top pads 971 in FIG. 9 may be the same as the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 440 and top pads 471 as described above with reference to FIG. 4.
[0251] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 990 further includes multiple nano-mirrors 980 formed between micro-LED array 910 and the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, each nano-mirror 980 may be formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 940. DBR dielectric layer 961 and multiple nano-mirrors 980 collectively form an entire reflective layer configured to reflect the light emitted by the micro-LEDs, increasing the light efficiency of micro-LED display panel 900.
[0252] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 990 further includes multiple contact structures 950 formed between micro-LED array 910 and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure 950 may be formed on top of a corresponding nano-mirror 980 and / or a corresponding bonding nano-structure 940. In some embodiments, contact structures 950 in FIG. 9 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 450 as described above with reference to FIG. 4. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric layer 961 is further filled into the spaces between adjacent bonding nano-structures 940 and the spaces between adjacent nano-mirrors 980.
[0253] FIG. 10 is a top-view schematic diagram of the bonding nano-structure layer in FIGs. 6 through 9, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Please note that FIG. 10 illustrates an example of the positional relationship between top pads 1071 of the IC backplane and bonding nano-structures 1040 of the micro-LED array layer. Top pads 1071 indicated by dotted lines may not be visible to the naked eye viewing the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, top pads 1071 in FIG. 10 may be the same as or similar to top pads 671, 771, 871, or 971 as described above with reference to FIGs. 6 through 9, respectively. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 1040 in FIG. 10 may be the same as or similar to bonding nano-structures 640, 740, 840, or 940 as described above with reference to FIGs. 6 through 9, respectively.
[0254] In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 1040 are configured to be bonded with top pads 1071. In some embodiments, each micro-LED of the micro-LED array layer may correspond to a top pad 1071, and each micro-LED may correspond to multiple bonding nano-structures 1040. In some embodiments, at least one bonding nano-structure 1040 of a set of bonding nano-structures 1040 corresponding to a micro-LED is bonded with a corresponding top pad 1071 configured to bond with that micro-LED. In some embodiments, one bonding nano-structure 1040 may be bonded with at most one top pad 1071.
[0255] In some embodiments, the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 1040 in FIG. 10 may be the same as the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 540 as described above with reference to FIG. 5. In some embodiments, the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 1040 and top pads 1071 in FIG. 10 may be the same as the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 540 and top pads 571 as described above with reference to FIG. 5.
[0256] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1040 is less than the width of each top pad 1071. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1040 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 1071. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 1040 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 1071. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 1040 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 1071. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1040 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 1071 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 1071 is about 200 nanometers.
[0257] In some embodiments, a DBR dielectric layer 1061 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1040. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric layer 1061 in FIG. 10 may be the same as or similar to DBR dielectric layer 661, 761, 861, or 961 as described above with reference to FIGs. 6 through 9, respectively.
[0258] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 1100, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Micro-LED display panel 1100 includes an IC backplane 1170 and a micro-LED array layer 1190 formed on top of IC backplane 1170. In some embodiments, IC backplane 1170 in FIG. 11 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 170 as described above with reference to FIG. 1. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1190 may have a structure similar to micro-LED array layer 190 as described above with reference to FIG. 1. However, unlike micro-LED array layer 190, micro-LED array layer 1190 further includes multiple first type epitaxial structures 1111b formed at the lower part of a micro-LED array 1110.
[0259] In some embodiments, micro-LED array 1110 of micro-LED array layer 1190 includes multiple micro-LEDs. Each micro-LED is configured to be bonded with IC backplane 1170 and separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 1170. In some embodiments, IC backplane 1170 includes multiple top pads 1171 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 1172 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 1171. In some embodiments, each top pad 1171 corresponds to a micro-LED of the micro-LED array 1110. In some embodiments, top pads 1171 and dielectric layer 1172 in FIG. 11 may be the same as or similar to top pads 171 and dielectric layer 172 as described above with reference to FIG. 1, respectively.
[0260] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1190 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer, which includes multiple bonding nano-structures 1140 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 1110. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 1140 may be randomly or orderly distributed within the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, the bonding nano-structure layer is configured to bond micro-LED array layer 1190 with IC backplane 1170 by connecting bonding nano-structures 1140 with top pads 1171. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 1140 in FIG. 11 may be the same as or similar to bonding nano-structures 140 as described above with reference to FIG. 1. In some embodiments, at least one bonding nano-structure 1140 of a set of bonding nano-structures 1140 corresponding to a micro-LED is bonded with a corresponding top pad 1171 configured to bond with that micro-LED. In some embodiments, one bonding nano-structure 1140 may be bonded with at most one top pad 1171.
[0261] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1140 is less than the width of each top pad 1171. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1140 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 1171. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 1140 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 1171. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 1140 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 1171. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1140 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 1171 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 1171 is about 200 nanometers.
[0262] In some embodiments, the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 1140 in FIG. 11 may be the same as the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 140 as described above with reference to FIG. 1. In some embodiments, the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 1140 and top pads 1171 in FIG. 11 may be the same as the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 140 and top pads 171 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0263] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1190 further includes multiple contact structures 1150 formed between micro-LED array 1110 and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure 1150 is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 1140. In some embodiments, contact structures 1150 in FIG. 11 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 150 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0264] In some embodiments, a dielectric material 1160 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1140. In some embodiments, dielectric material 1160 is further filled between adjacent contact structures 1150. In some embodiments, dielectric material 1160 in FIG. 11 may be the same as or similar to dielectric material 160 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0265] As shown in FIG. 11, micro-LED array 1110 includes a first type epitaxial sub-layer 1111a, multiple first type epitaxial structures 1111b formed at the bottom of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1111a, a light emitting layer 1113 formed on top of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1111a, and a second type epitaxial layer 1112 formed on top of light emitting layer 1113. In some embodiments, light emitting layer 1113 in FIG. 11 may be the same as or similar to light emitting layer 113 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0266] In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 1111a and first type epitaxial structures 1111b are both doped with impurities. Typical doping impurities for N-type semiconductor are Si and Ge, and typical doping impurities for P-type semiconductor are Mg, Zn and C. In some embodiments, the doping concentration of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1111a is lower than the doping concentration of first type epitaxial structures 1111b. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial structures 1111b may be distinct pieces rather than a continuous layer, which avoids or reduces the carrier depletion due to lateral migration within the doped semiconductor. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 1111a may be a thin layer with a lower doping concentration, making the carriers evenly distributed before reaching light emitting layer 1113.
[0267] In some embodiments, each first type epitaxial structure 1111b is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 1140. In some embodiments, each first type epitaxial structure 1111b is formed on top of a corresponding contact structure 1150. In some embodiments, dielectric material 1160 is further filled between adjacent first type epitaxial structures 1111b.
[0268] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 1112 includes a top mesa array 1112b and an extension part 1112a formed at the bottom of top mesa array 1112b. Each top mesa of top mesa array 1112b is extruded upward from extension part 1112a, thereby forming trenches 1119 between adjacent top mesas of top mesa array 1112b. In some embodiments, the angle between a sidewall of any top mesa and the bottom surface of an adjacent trench 1119 is an obtuse angle or an acute angle.
[0269] In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 1111a and first type epitaxial structures 1111b are made of a P type semiconductor, and second type epitaxial layer 1112 is made of a N type semiconductor. In some embodiments, the material of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1111a and first type epitaxial structures 1111b is nitride-based material such as GaN (or similar bandgap semiconductor) , AlGaN, Al doped GaN, InGaN, AlInGaN, or other metal doped GaN (or other metal doped similar bandgap semiconductor) ; the material of second type epitaxial layer 1112 is GaN (or similar bandgap semiconductor) ; and light emitting layer 1113 is a quantum well layer. In some embodiments, the material of the first type epitaxial sub-layer 1111a and the first type epitaxial structures 1111b may be a phosphide-based material such as AlInGaP, AlInP, GaP or InGaP; the material of the second type epitaxial layer 1112 may a phosphide-based material such as AlInGaP, AlInP, GaP or InGaP; and the light emitting layer 1113 may be a quantum well layer.
[0270] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1190 further includes a top conductive layer 1120 formed on micro-LED array 1110 and multiple top contact pads 1130 formed on top conductive layer 1120. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 1120 covers the top surface of second type epitaxial layer 1112 and is formed on the sidewalls and the bottom of trenches 1119, and top contact pads 1130 are formed on the bottom of trenches 1119 between adjacent top mesas. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 1120 and top contact pads 1130 in FIG. 11 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 120 and top contact pads 130 as described above with reference to FIG. 1, respectively.
[0271] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1190 further includes a microlens array (not shown) formed on top conductive layer 1120. Each microlens of the microlens array is formed corresponding to a top mesa of top mesa array 1112b.
[0272] FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 1200, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Micro-LED display panel 1200 includes an IC backplane 1270 and a micro-LED array layer 1290 formed on top of IC backplane 1270. In some embodiments, IC backplane 1270 in FIG. 12 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 270 as described above with reference to FIG. 2. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1290 may have a structure similar to micro-LED array layer 290 as described above with reference to FIG. 2. However, unlike micro-LED array layer 290, micro-LED array layer 1290 further includes multiple first type epitaxial structures 1211b formed at the lower part of a micro-LED array 1210.
[0273] In some embodiments, micro-LED array 1210 of micro-LED array layer 1290 includes multiple micro-LEDs. Each micro-LED is configured to be bonded with IC backplane 1270 and separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 1270. In some embodiments, IC backplane 1270 includes multiple top pads 1271 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 1272 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 1271. In some embodiments, each top pad 1271 corresponds to a micro-LED of the micro-LED array 1210. In some embodiments, top pads 1271 and dielectric layer 1272 in FIG. 12 may be the same as or similar to top pads 271 and dielectric layer 272 as described above with reference to FIG. 2, respectively.
[0274] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1290 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer, which includes multiple bonding nano-structures 1240 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 1210. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 1240 in FIG. 12 may be the same as or similar to bonding nano-structures 240 as described above with reference to FIG. 2. In some embodiments, at least one bonding nano-structure 1240 of a set of bonding nano-structures 1240 corresponding to a micro-LED is bonded with a corresponding top pad 1271 configured to bond with that micro-LED. In some embodiments, one bonding nano-structure 1240 may be bonded with at most one top pad 1271.
[0275] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1240 is less than the width of each top pad 1271. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1240 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 1271. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 1240 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 1271. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 1240 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 1271. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1240 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 1271 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 1271 is about 200 nanometers.
[0276] In some embodiments, the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 1240 in FIG. 12 may be the same as the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 240 as described above with reference to FIG. 2. In some embodiments, the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 1240 and top pads 1271 in FIG. 12 may be the same as the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 240 and top pads 271 as described above with reference to FIG. 2.
[0277] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1290 further includes multiple contact structures 1250 formed between micro-LED array 1210 and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure 1250 is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 1240. In some embodiments, contact structures 1250 in FIG. 12 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 250 as described above with reference to FIG. 2.
[0278] In some embodiments, a dielectric material 1260 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1240. In some embodiments, dielectric material 1260 is further filled between adjacent contact structures 1250. In some embodiments, dielectric material 1260 in FIG. 12 may be the same as or similar to dielectric material 260 as described above with reference to FIG. 2.
[0279] As shown in FIG. 12, micro-LED array 1210 includes a first type epitaxial sub-layer 1211a, multiple first type epitaxial structures 1211b formed at the bottom of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1211a, a light emitting layer 1213 formed on top of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1211a, and a second type epitaxial layer 1212 formed on top of light emitting layer 1213. In some embodiments, light emitting layer 1213 in FIG. 12 may be the same as or similar to light emitting layer 213 as described above with reference to FIG. 2.
[0280] In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 1211a and multiple first type epitaxial structures 1211b are both doped with impurities. Typical doping impurities for N-type semiconductor are Si and Ge, and typical doping impurities for P-type semiconductor are Mg, Zn and C. In some embodiments, the doping concentration of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1211a is lower than the doping concentration of first type epitaxial structures 1211b.
[0281] In some embodiments, each first type epitaxial structure 1211b is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 1240. In some embodiments, each first type epitaxial structure 1211b is formed on top of a corresponding contact structure 1250. In some embodiments, dielectric material 1260 is further filled between adjacent first type epitaxial structures 1211b.
[0282] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 1212 includes a top mesa array 1212b and an extension part 1212a formed at the bottom of top mesa array 1212b. Trenches 1219 are formed between adjacent top mesas of top mesa array 1212b. In some embodiments, the sidewalls of each top mesa are perpendicular to the bottom surface of trenches 1219.
[0283] In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 1211a and first type epitaxial structures 1211b are made of a P type semiconductor and second type epitaxial layer 1212 is made of a N type semiconductor. In some embodiments, the material of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1211a and first type epitaxial structures 1211b is nitride-based material such as GaN (or similar bandgap semiconductor) , AlGaN, Al doped GaN, InGaN, AlInGaN, or other metal doped GaN (or other metal doped similar bandgap semiconductor) ; the material of second type epitaxial layer 1212 is GaN (or similar bandgap semiconductor) ; and light emitting layer 1213 is a quantum well layer. In some embodiments, the material of the first type epitaxial sub-layer 1211a and the first type epitaxial structures 1211b may be a phosphide-based material such as AlInGaP, AlInP, GaP or InGaP; the material of the second type epitaxial layer 1212 may a phosphide-based material such as AlInGaP, AlInP, GaP or InGaP; and the light emitting layer 1213 may be a quantum well layer.
[0284] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1290 further includes a top conductive layer 1220 formed on micro-LED array 1210 and multiple top contact pads 1230 formed on top conductive layer 1220. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 1220 and top contact pads 1230 in FIG. 12 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 220 and top contact pads 230 as described above with reference to FIG. 2, respectively.
[0285] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1290 further includes a microlens array (not shown) formed on top conductive layer 1220. Each microlens of the microlens array is formed corresponding to a top mesa of top mesa array 1212b.
[0286] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 1300, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Micro-LED display panel 1300 includes an IC backplane 1370 and a micro-LED array layer 1390 formed on top of IC backplane 1370. In some embodiments, IC backplane 1370 in FIG. 13 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 370 as described above with reference to FIG. 3. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1390 may have a structure similar to micro-LED array layer 390 as described above with reference to FIG. 3. However, unlike micro-LED array layer 390, micro-LED array layer 1390 further includes multiple first type epitaxial structures 1311b formed at the lower part of a micro-LED array 1310.
[0287] In some embodiments, micro-LED array 1310 of micro-LED array layer 1390 includes multiple micro-LEDs. Each micro-LED is configured to be bonded with IC backplane 1370 and separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 1370. In some embodiments, IC backplane 1370 includes multiple top pads 1371 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 1372 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 1371. In some embodiments, each top pad 1371 corresponds to a micro-LED of the micro-LED array 1310. In some embodiments, top pads 1371 and dielectric layer 1372 in FIG. 13 may be the same as or similar to top pads 371 and dielectric layer 372 as described above with reference to FIG. 3, respectively.
[0288] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1390 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer, which includes multiple bonding nano-structures 1340 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 1310. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 1340 in FIG. 13 may be the same as or similar to bonding nano-structures 340 as described above with reference to FIG. 3. In some embodiments, at least one bonding nano-structure 1340 of a set of bonding nano-structures 1340 corresponding to a micro-LED is bonded with a corresponding top pad 1371 configured to bond with that micro-LED. In some embodiments, one bonding nano-structure 1340 may be bonded with at most one top pad 1371.
[0289] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1340 is less than the width of each top pad 1371. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1340 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 1371. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 1340 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 1371. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 1340 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 1371. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1340 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 1371 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 1371 is about 200 nanometers.
[0290] In some embodiments, the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 1340 in FIG. 13 may be the same as the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 340 as described above with reference to FIG. 3. In some embodiments, the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 1340 and top pads 1371 in FIG. 13 may be the same as the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 340 and top pads 371 as described above with reference to FIG. 3.
[0291] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1390 further includes multiple contact structures 1350 formed between micro-LED array 1310 and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure 1350 is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 1340. In some embodiments, contact structures 1350 in FIG. 13 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 350 as described above with reference to FIG. 3.
[0292] In some embodiments, a dielectric material 1360 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1340. In some embodiments, dielectric material 1360 is further filled between adjacent contact structures 1350. In some embodiments, dielectric material 1360 in FIG. 13 may be the same as or similar to dielectric material 360 as described above with reference to FIG. 3.
[0293] As shown in FIG. 13, micro-LED array 1310 includes a first type epitaxial sub-layer 1311a, multiple first type epitaxial structures 1311b formed at the bottom of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1311a, a light emitting layer 1313 formed on top of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1311a, and a second type epitaxial layer 1312 formed on top of light emitting layer 1313. In some embodiments, light emitting layer 1313 in FIG. 13 may be the same as or similar to light emitting layer 313 as described above with reference to FIG. 3.
[0294] In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 1311a and first type epitaxial structures 1311b are both doped with impurities. Typical doping impurities for N-type semiconductor are Si and Ge, and typical doping impurities for P-type semiconductor are Mg, Zn and C. In some embodiments, the doping concentration of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1311a is lower than the doping concentration of first type epitaxial structures 1311b.
[0295] In some embodiments, each first type epitaxial structure 1311b is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 1340. In some embodiments, each first type epitaxial structure 1311b is formed on top of a corresponding contact structure 1350. In some embodiments, dielectric material 1360 is further filled between adjacent first type epitaxial structures 1311b.
[0296] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 1312 includes a top mesa array 1312b and an extension part 1312a formed at the bottom of top mesa array 1312b. Trenches 1319 are formed between adjacent top mesas of top mesa array 1312b. In some embodiments, the angle between a sidewall of any top mesa and the bottom surface of an adjacent trench 1319 is an obtuse angle or an acute angle.
[0297] In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 1311a and first type epitaxial structures 1311b are made of a P type semiconductor, and second type epitaxial layer 1312 is made of a N type semiconductor. In some embodiments, the material of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1311a and first type epitaxial structures 1311b is nitride-based material such as GaN (or similar bandgap semiconductor) , AlGaN, Al doped GaN, InGaN, AlInGaN, or other metal doped GaN (or other metal doped similar bandgap semiconductor) ; the material of second type epitaxial layer 1312 is GaN (or similar bandgap semiconductor) ; and light emitting layer 1313 is a quantum well layer. In some embodiments, the material of the first type epitaxial sub-layer 1311a and the first type epitaxial structures 1311b may be a phosphide-based material such as AlInGaP, AlInP, GaP or InGaP; the material of the second type epitaxial layer 1312 may a phosphide-based material such as AlInGaP, AlInP, GaP or InGaP; and the light emitting layer 1313 may be a quantum well layer.
[0298] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1390 further includes a top conductive layer 1320 formed on micro-LED array 1310. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 1320 covers the top surface of second type epitaxial layer 1312 and is formed on the sidewalls and the bottom of trenches 1319. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 1320 further includes openings formed on top of the bottom of trenches 1319 and between adjacent top mesas of top mesa array 1312b. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1390 further includes multiple Schottky contact pads 1331 formed in the openings of top conductive layer 1320. In some embodiments, Schottky contact pads 1331 are formed on top of extension part 1312a of second type epitaxial layer 1312. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 1320 and Schottky contact pads 1331 in FIG. 13 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 320 and Schottky contact pads 331 as described above with reference to FIG. 3, respectively.
[0299] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1390 further includes a microlens array (not shown) formed on top conductive layer 1320. Each microlens of the microlens array is formed corresponding to a top mesa of top mesa array 1312b.
[0300] FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 1400, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Micro-LED display panel 1400 includes an IC backplane 1470 and a micro-LED array layer 1490 formed on top of IC backplane 1470. In some embodiments, IC backplane 1470 in FIG. 14 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 470 as described above with reference to FIG. 4. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1490 may have a structure similar to micro-LED array layer 490 as described above with reference to FIG. 4. However, unlike micro-LED array layer 490, micro-LED array layer 1490 further includes multiple first type epitaxial structures 1411b formed at the lower part of a micro-LED array 1410.
[0301] In some embodiments, micro-LED array 1410 of micro-LED array layer 1490 includes multiple micro-LEDs. Each micro-LED is configured to be bonded with IC backplane 1470 and separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 1470. In some embodiments, IC backplane 1470 includes multiple top pads 1471 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 1472 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 1471. In some embodiments, each top pad 1471 corresponds to a micro-LED of the micro-LED array 1410. In some embodiments, top pads 1471 and dielectric layer 1472 in FIG. 14 may be the same as or similar to top pads 471 and dielectric layer 472 as described above with reference to FIG. 4, respectively.
[0302] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1490 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer, which includes multiple bonding nano-structures 1440 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 1410. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 1440 in FIG. 14 may be the same as or similar to bonding nano-structures 440 as described above with reference to FIG. 4. In some embodiments, at least one bonding nano-structure 1440 of a set of bonding nano-structures 1440 corresponding to a micro-LED is bonded with a corresponding top pad 1471 configured to bond with that micro-LED. In some embodiments, one bonding nano-structure 1440 may be bonded with at most one top pad 1471.
[0303] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1440 is less than the width of each top pad 1471. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1440 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 1471. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 1440 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 1471. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 1440 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 1471. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1440 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 1471 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 1471 is about 200 nanometers.
[0304] In some embodiments, the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 1440 in FIG. 14 may be the same as the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 440 as described above with reference to FIG. 4. In some embodiments, the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 1440 and top pads 1471 in FIG. 14 may be the same as the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 440 and top pads 471 as described above with reference to FIG. 4.
[0305] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1490 further includes multiple contact structures 1450 formed between micro-LED array 1410 and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure 1450 is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 1440. In some embodiments, contact structures 1450 in FIG. 14 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 450 as described above with reference to FIG. 4.
[0306] In some embodiments, a dielectric material 1460 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1440. In some embodiments, dielectric material 1460 is further filled between adjacent contact structures 1450. In some embodiments, dielectric material 1460 in FIG. 14 may be the same as or similar to dielectric material 460 described above with reference to FIG. 4.
[0307] As shown in FIG. 14, micro-LED array 1410 includes a first type epitaxial sub-layer 1411a, multiple first type epitaxial structures 1411b formed at the bottom of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1411a, a light emitting layer 1413 formed on top of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1411a, and a second type epitaxial layer 1412 formed on top of light emitting layer 1413. In some embodiments, light emitting layer 1413 in FIG. 14 may be the same as or similar to light emitting layer 413 as described above with reference to FIG. 4.
[0308] In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 1411a and first type epitaxial structures 1411b are both doped with impurities. Typical doping impurities for N-type semiconductor are Si and Ge, and typical doping impurities for P-type semiconductor are Mg, Zn and C. In some embodiments, the doping concentration of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1411a is lower than the doping concentration of first type epitaxial structures 1411b.
[0309] In some embodiments, each first type epitaxial structure 1411b is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 1440. In some embodiments, each first type epitaxial structure 1411b is formed on top of a corresponding contact structure 1450. In some embodiments, dielectric material 1460 is further filled between adjacent first type epitaxial structures 1411b.
[0310] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 1412 includes a top mesa array 1412b and an extension part 1412a formed at the bottom of top mesa array 1412b. Trenches 1419 are formed between adjacent top mesas of top mesa array 1412b. In some embodiments, the angle between a sidewall of any top mesa and the bottom surface of an adjacent trench 1419 is an obtuse angle or an acute angle.
[0311] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 1412 further comprises an etching stop layer 1414 formed between top mesa array 1412b and extension part 1412a. In some embodiments, etching stop layer 1414 is used in the etching process to prevent extension part 1412a from being etched, leaving extension part 1412a continues and intact. In some embodiments, etching stop layer 1414 in FIG. 14 may be the same as or similar to etching stop layer 414 as described above with reference to FIG. 4, respectively.
[0312] In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 1411a and first type epitaxial structures 1411b are made of a P type semiconductor, and extension part 1412a and top mesa array 1412b of second type epitaxial layer 1412 is made of a N type semiconductor. In some embodiments, the material of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1411a and first type epitaxial structures 1411b is nitride-based material such as GaN (or similar bandgap semiconductor) , AlGaN, Al doped GaN, InGaN, AlInGaN, or other metal doped GaN (or other metal doped similar bandgap semiconductor) ; the material of extension part 1412a and top mesa array 1412b of second type epitaxial layer 1412 is GaN (or similar bandgap semiconductor) ; and light emitting layer 1413 is a quantum well layer. In some embodiments, etching stop layer 1414 is not reactive to the selective etching solution for removing GaN.
[0313] In some embodiments, the material of the first type epitaxial sub-layer 1411a and the first type epitaxial structures 1411b may be a phosphide-based material such as AlInGaP, AlInP, GaP or InGaP; the material of the second type epitaxial layer 1412 may a phosphide-based material such as AlInGaP, AlInP, GaP or InGaP; and the light emitting layer 1413 may be a quantum well layer. In some embodiments, etching stop layer 1414 is not reactive to the selective etching solution for removing AlIn (Ga) P or (In) GaP.
[0314] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1490 further includes a top conductive layer 1420 formed on micro-LED array 1410 and multiple top contact pads 1430 formed on top conductive layer 1420. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 1420 and top contact pads 1430 in FIG. 14 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 420 and top contact pads 430 as described above with reference to FIG. 4, respectively.
[0315] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1490 further includes a microlens array (not shown) formed on top conductive layer 1420. Each microlens of the microlens array is formed corresponding to a top mesa of top mesa array 1412b.
[0316] FIG. 15 is a top-view schematic diagram of the bonding nano-structure layer in FIGs. 11 through 14, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Please note that FIG. 15 illustrates an example of the positional relationship between top pads 1571 of the IC backplane and bonding nano-structures 1540 of the micro-LED array layer. Top pads 1571 indicated by dotted lines may not be visible to the naked eye viewing the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, top pads 1571 in FIG. 15 may be the same as or similar to top pads 1171, 1271, 1371, or 1471 as described above with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14, respectively. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 1540 in FIG. 15 may be the same as or similar to bonding nano-structures 1140, 1240, 1340, or 1440 as described above with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14, respectively.
[0317] In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 1540 are configured to be bonded with top pads 1571. In some embodiments, at least one bonding nano-structure 1540 of a set of bonding nano-structures 1540 corresponding to a micro-LED is bonded with a corresponding top pad 1571 configured to bond with that micro-LED. In some embodiments, one bonding nano-structure 1540 may be bonded with at most one top pad 1571.
[0318] In some embodiments, the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 1540 in FIG. 15 may be the same as the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 540 as described above with reference to FIG. 5. In some embodiments, the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 1540 and top pads 1571 in FIG. 15 may be the same as the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 540 and top pads 571 as described above with reference to FIG. 5.
[0319] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1540 is less than the width of each top pad 1571. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1540 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 1571. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 1540 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 1571. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 1540 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 1571. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1540 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 1571 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 1571 is about 200 nanometers.
[0320] In some embodiments, a dielectric material 1560 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1540. In some embodiments, dielectric material 1560 in FIG. 15 may be the same as or similar to dielectric material 1160, 1260, 1360, or 1460 as described above with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14, respectively.
[0321] FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 1600, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Micro-LED display panel 1600 includes an IC backplane 1670 and a micro-LED array layer 1690 formed on top of IC backplane 1670. In some embodiments, IC backplane 1670 in FIG. 16 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 670 as described above with reference to FIG. 6. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1690 may have a structure similar to micro-LED array layer 690 as described above with reference to FIG. 6. However, unlike micro-LED array layer 690, micro-LED array layer 1690 further includes multiple first type epitaxial structures 1611b formed at the lower part of a micro-LED array 1610.
[0322] In some embodiments, micro-LED array 1610 of micro-LED array layer 1690 includes multiple micro-LEDs. Each micro-LED is configured to be bonded with IC backplane 1670 and separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 1670. In some embodiments, IC backplane 1670 includes multiple top pads 1671 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 1672 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 1671. In some embodiments, each top pad 1671 corresponds to a micro-LED of the micro-LED array 1610. In some embodiments, top pads 1671 and dielectric layer 1672 in FIG. 16 may be the same as or similar to top pads 671 and dielectric layer 672 as described above with reference to FIG. 6, respectively.
[0323] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1690 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer, which includes multiple bonding nano-structures 1640 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 1610. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 1640 in FIG. 16 may be the same as or similar to bonding nano-structures 640 as described above with reference to FIG. 6. In some embodiments, at least one bonding nano-structure 1640 of a set of bonding nano-structures 1640 corresponding to a micro-LED is bonded with a corresponding top pad 1671 configured to bond with that micro-LED. In some embodiments, one bonding nano-structure 1640 may be bonded with at most one top pad 1671.
[0324] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1640 is less than the width of each top pad 1671. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1640 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 1671. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 1640 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 1671. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 1640 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 1671. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1640 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 1671 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 1671 is about 200 nanometers.
[0325] In some embodiments, the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 1640 in FIG. 16 may be the same as the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 640 as described above with reference to FIG. 6. In some embodiments, the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 1640 and top pads 1671 in FIG. 16 may be the same as the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 640 and top pads 671 as described above with reference to FIG. 6.
[0326] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1690 further includes multiple contact structures 1650 formed between micro-LED array 1610 and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure 1650 is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 1640. In some embodiments, contact structures 1650 in FIG. 16 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 650 as described above with reference to FIG. 6.
[0327] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1690 further includes multiple nano-mirrors 1680 formed between micro-LED array 1610 and the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, each nano-mirror 1680 may be formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 1640. In some embodiments, each nano-mirror 1680 may be formed at the bottom of a corresponding contact structure 1650. In some embodiments, nano-mirrors 1680 in FIG. 16 may be the same as or similar to nano-mirrors 680 as described above with reference to FIG. 6.
[0328] In some embodiments, a DBR dielectric material 1661 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1640. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric material 1661 is further filled between adjacent contact structures 1650. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric material 1661 is further filled between adjacent nano-mirrors 1680. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric layer 1661 and multiple nano-mirrors 1680 collectively form an entire reflective layer configured to reflect the light emitted by the micro-LEDs of micro-LED array 1610. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric material 1661 may be formed by SiO2 / TiO2 dielectric pairs, SiO2 / Ta2O5 dielectric pairs, SiO2 / SiN dielectric pairs, any combination thereof, or any similar dielectric pairs.
[0329] As shown in FIG. 16, micro-LED array 1610 includes a first type epitaxial sub-layer 1611a, multiple first type epitaxial structures 1611b formed at the bottom of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1611a, a light emitting layer 1613 formed on top of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1611a, and a second type epitaxial layer 1612 formed on top of light emitting layer 1613. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 1611a, first type epitaxial structures 1611b, light emitting layer 1613, and second type epitaxial layer 1612 in FIG. 16 may be the same as or similar to first type epitaxial sub-layer 1111a, first type epitaxial structures 1111b, light emitting layer 1113, and second type epitaxial layer 1112 as described above with reference to FIG. 11.
[0330] In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 1611a and multiple first type epitaxial structures 1611b are both doped with impurities. Typical doping impurities for N-type semiconductor are Si and Ge, and typical doping impurities for P-type semiconductor are Mg, Zn and C. In some embodiments, the doping concentration of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1611a is lower than the doping concentration of first type epitaxial structures 1611b.
[0331] In some embodiments, each first type epitaxial structure 1611b is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 1640, a corresponding contact structure 1650, and / or a corresponding nano-mirror 1680. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric material 1661 is further filled between adjacent first type epitaxial structures 1611b.
[0332] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 1612 includes a top mesa array 1612b and an extension part 1612a formed at the bottom of top mesa array 1612b. Trenches 1619 are formed between adjacent top mesas of top mesa array 1612b. In some embodiments, the angle between a sidewall of any top mesa and the bottom surface of an adjacent trench 1619 is an obtuse angle or an acute angle.
[0333] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1690 further includes a top conductive layer 1620 formed on micro-LED array 1610 and multiple top contact pads 1630 formed on top conductive layer 1620. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 1620 and top contact pads 1630 in FIG. 16 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 1120 and top contact pads 1130 as described above with reference to FIG. 11, respectively.
[0334] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1690 further includes a microlens array (not shown) formed on top conductive layer 1620. Each microlens of the microlens array is formed corresponding to a top mesa of top mesa array 1612b.
[0335] FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 1700, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Micro-LED display panel 1700 includes an IC backplane 1770 and a micro-LED array layer 1790 formed on top of IC backplane 1770. In some embodiments, IC backplane 1770 in FIG. 17 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 770 as described above with reference to FIG. 7. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1790 may have a structure similar to micro-LED array layer 790 as described above with reference to FIG. 7. However, unlike micro-LED array layer 790, micro-LED array layer 1790 further includes multiple first type epitaxial structures 1711b formed at the lower part of a micro-LED array 1710.
[0336] In some embodiments, micro-LED array 1710 of micro-LED array layer 1790 includes multiple micro-LEDs. Each micro-LED is configured to be bonded with IC backplane 1770 and separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 1770. In some embodiments, IC backplane 1770 includes multiple top pads 1771 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 1772 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 1771. In some embodiments, each top pad 1771 corresponds to a micro-LED of the micro-LED array 1710. In some embodiments, top pads 1771 and dielectric layer 1772 in FIG. 17 may be the same as or similar to top pads 771 and dielectric layer 772 as described above with reference to FIG. 7, respectively.
[0337] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1790 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer, which includes multiple bonding nano-structures 1740 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 1710. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 1740 in FIG. 17 may be the same as or similar to bonding nano-structures 740 as described above with reference to FIG. 7. In some embodiments, at least one bonding nano-structure 1740 of a set of bonding nano-structures 1740 corresponding to a micro-LED is bonded with a corresponding top pad 1771 configured to bond with that micro-LED. In some embodiments, one bonding nano-structure 1740 may be bonded with at most one top pad 1771.
[0338] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1740 is less than the width of each top pad 1771. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1740 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 1771. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 1740 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 1771. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 1740 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 1771. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1740 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 1771 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 1771 is about 200 nanometers.
[0339] In some embodiments, the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 1740 in FIG. 17 may be the same as the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 740 as described above with reference to FIG. 7. In some embodiments, the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 1740 and top pads 1771 in FIG. 17 may be the same as the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 740 and top pads 771 as described above with reference to FIG. 7.
[0340] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1790 further includes multiple contact structures 1750 formed between micro-LED array 1710 and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure 1750 is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 1740. In some embodiments, contact structures 1750 in FIG. 17 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 750 as described above with reference to FIG. 7.
[0341] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1790 further includes multiple nano-mirrors 1780 formed between micro-LED array 1710 and the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, each nano-mirror 1780 may be formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 1740. In some embodiments, each nano-mirror 1780 may be formed at the bottom of a corresponding contact structure 1750. In some embodiments, nano-mirrors 1780 in FIG. 17 may be the same as or similar to nano-mirrors 780 as described above with reference to FIG. 7.
[0342] In some embodiments, a DBR dielectric material 1761 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1740. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric material 1761 is further filled between adjacent contact structures 1750. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric material 1761 is further filled between adjacent nano-mirrors 1780. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric material 1761 may be formed by SiO2 / TiO2 dielectric pairs, SiO2 / Ta2O5 dielectric pairs, SiO2 / SiN dielectric pairs, any combination thereof, or any similar dielectric pairs.
[0343] As shown in FIG. 17, micro-LED array 1710 includes a first type epitaxial sub-layer 1711a, multiple first type epitaxial structures 1711b formed at the bottom of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1711a, a light emitting layer 1713 formed on top of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1711a, and a second type epitaxial layer 1712 formed on top of light emitting layer 1713. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 1711a, first type epitaxial structures 1711b, light emitting layer 1713, and second type epitaxial layer 1712 in FIG. 17 may be the same as or similar to first type epitaxial sub-layer 1211a, first type epitaxial structures 1211b, light emitting layer 1213, and second type epitaxial layer 1212 as described above with reference to FIG. 12.
[0344] In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 1711a and multiple first type epitaxial structures 1711b are both doped with impurities. Typical doping impurities for N-type semiconductor are Si and Ge, and typical doping impurities for P-type semiconductor are Mg, Zn and C. In some embodiments, the doping concentration of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1711a is lower than the doping concentration of first type epitaxial structures 1711b.
[0345] In some embodiments, each first type epitaxial structure 1711b is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 1740, a corresponding contact structure 1750, and / or a corresponding nano-mirror 1780. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric material 1761 is further filled between adjacent first type epitaxial structures 1711b.
[0346] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 1712 includes a top mesa array 1712b and an extension part 1712a formed at the bottom of top mesa array 1712b. Trenches 1719 are formed between adjacent top mesas of top mesa array 1712b. In some embodiments, the sidewalls of each top mesa are perpendicular to the bottom surface of trenches 1719.
[0347] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1790 further includes a top conductive layer 1720 formed on micro-LED array 1710 and multiple top contact pads 1730 formed on top conductive layer 1720. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 1720 and top contact pads 1730 in FIG. 17 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 1220 and top contact pads 1230 as described above with reference to FIG. 12, respectively.
[0348] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1790 further includes a microlens array (not shown) formed on top conductive layer 1720. Each microlens of the microlens array is formed corresponding to a top mesa of top mesa array 1712b.
[0349] FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 1800, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Micro-LED display panel 1800 includes an IC backplane 1870 and a micro-LED array layer 1890 formed on top of IC backplane 1870. In some embodiments, IC backplane 1870 in FIG. 18 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 870 as described above with reference to FIG. 8. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1890 may have a structure similar to micro-LED array layer 890 as described above with reference to FIG. 8. However, unlike micro-LED array layer 890, micro-LED array layer 1890 further includes multiple first type epitaxial structures 1811b formed at the lower part of a micro-LED array 1810.
[0350] In some embodiments, micro-LED array 1810 of micro-LED array layer 1890 includes multiple micro-LEDs. Each micro-LED is configured to be bonded with IC backplane 1870 and separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 1870. In some embodiments, IC backplane 1870 includes multiple top pads 1871 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 1872 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 1871. In some embodiments, each top pad 1871 corresponds to a micro-LED of the micro-LED array 1810. In some embodiments, top pads 1871 and dielectric layer 1872 in FIG. 18 may be the same as or similar to top pads 871 and dielectric layer 872 as described above with reference to FIG. 8, respectively.
[0351] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1890 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer, which includes multiple bonding nano-structures 1840 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 1810. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 1840 in FIG. 18 may be the same as or similar to bonding nano-structures 840 as described above with reference to FIG. 8. In some embodiments, at least one bonding nano-structure 1840 of a set of bonding nano-structures 1840 corresponding to a micro-LED is bonded with a corresponding top pad 1871 configured to bond with that micro-LED. In some embodiments, one bonding nano-structure 1840 may be bonded with at most one top pad 1871.
[0352] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1840 is less than the width of each top pad 1871. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1840 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 1871. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 1840 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 1871. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 1840 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 1871. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1840 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 1871 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 1871 is about 200 nanometers.
[0353] In some embodiments, the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 1840 in FIG. 18 may be the same as the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 840 as described above with reference to FIG. 8. In some embodiments, the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 1840 and top pads 1871 in FIG. 18 may be the same as the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 840 and top pads 871 as described above with reference to FIG. 8.
[0354] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1890 further includes multiple contact structures 1850 formed between micro-LED array 1810 and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure 1850 is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 1840. In some embodiments, contact structures 1850 in FIG. 18 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 850 as described above with reference to FIG. 8.
[0355] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1890 further includes multiple nano-mirrors 1880 formed between micro-LED array 1810 and the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, each nano-mirror 1880 may be formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 1840. In some embodiments, each nano-mirror 1880 may be formed at the bottom of a corresponding contact structure 1850. In some embodiments, nano-mirrors 1880 in FIG. 18 may be the same as or similar to nano-mirrors 880 as described above with reference to FIG. 8.
[0356] In some embodiments, a DBR dielectric material 1861 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1840. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric material 1861 is further filled between adjacent contact structures 1850. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric material 1861 is further filled between adjacent nano-mirrors 1880. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric layer 1861 and multiple nano-mirrors 1880 collectively form an entire reflective layer configured to reflect the light emitted by the micro-LEDs of micro-LED array 1810. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric material 1861 may be formed by SiO2 / TiO2 dielectric pairs, SiO2 / Ta2O5 dielectric pairs, SiO2 / SiN dielectric pairs, any combination thereof, or any similar dielectric pairs.
[0357] As shown in FIG. 18, micro-LED array 1810 includes a first type epitaxial sub-layer 1811a, multiple first type epitaxial structures 1811b formed at the bottom of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1811a, a light emitting layer 1813 formed on top of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1811a, and a second type epitaxial layer 1812 formed on top of light emitting layer 1813. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 1811a, first type epitaxial structures 1811b, light emitting layer 1813, and second type epitaxial layer 1812 in FIG. 18 may be the same as or similar to first type epitaxial sub-layer 1311a, first type epitaxial structures 1311b, light emitting layer 1313, and second type epitaxial layer 1312 as described above with reference to FIG. 13.
[0358] In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 1811a and multiple first type epitaxial structures 1811b are both doped with impurities. Typical doping impurities for N-type semiconductor are Si and Ge, and typical doping impurities for P-type semiconductor are Mg, Zn and C. In some embodiments, the doping concentration of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1811a is lower than the doping concentration of first type epitaxial structures 1811b.
[0359] In some embodiments, each first type epitaxial structure 1811b is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 1840, a corresponding contact structure 1850, and / or a corresponding nano-mirror 1880. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric material 1861 is further filled between adjacent first type epitaxial structures 1811b.
[0360] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 1812 includes a top mesa array 1812b and an extension part 1812a formed at the bottom of top mesa array 1812b. Trenches 1819 are formed between adjacent top mesas of top mesa array 1812b. In some embodiments, the angle between a sidewall of any top mesa and the bottom surface of an adjacent trench 1819 is an obtuse angle or an acute angle.
[0361] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1890 further includes a top conductive layer 1820 formed on micro-LED array 1810. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 1820 covers the top surface of second type epitaxial layer 1812 and is formed on the sidewalls and the bottom of trenches 1819. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 1820 further includes openings formed on top of the bottom of trenches 1819 and between adjacent top mesas of top mesa array 1812b. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1890 further includes multiple Schottky contact pads 1831 formed in the openings of top conductive layer 1820. In some embodiments, Schottky contact pads 1831 are formed on top of extension part 1812a of second type epitaxial layer 1812. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 1820 and Schottky contact pads 1831 in FIG. 18 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 1320 and Schottky contact pads 1331 as described above with reference to FIG. 13, respectively.
[0362] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1890 further includes a microlens array (not shown) formed on top conductive layer 1820. Each microlens of the microlens array is formed corresponding to a top mesa of top mesa array 1812b.
[0363] FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 1900, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Micro-LED display panel 1900 includes an IC backplane 1970 and a micro-LED array layer 1990 formed on top of IC backplane 1970. In some embodiments, IC backplane 1970 in FIG. 19 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 970 as described above with reference to FIG. 9. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1990 may have a structure similar to micro-LED array layer 990 as described above with reference to FIG. 9. However, unlike micro-LED array layer 990, micro-LED array layer 1990 further includes multiple first type epitaxial structures 1911b formed at the lower part of a micro-LED array 1910.
[0364] In some embodiments, micro-LED array 1910 of micro-LED array layer 1990 includes multiple micro-LEDs. Each micro-LED is configured to be bonded with IC backplane 1970 and separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 1970. In some embodiments, IC backplane 1970 includes multiple top pads 1971 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 1972 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 1971. In some embodiments, each top pad 1971 corresponds to a micro-LED of the micro-LED array 1910. In some embodiments, top pads 1971 and dielectric layer 1972 in FIG. 19 may be the same as or similar to top pads 971 and dielectric layer 972 as described above with reference to FIG. 9, respectively.
[0365] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1990 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer, which includes multiple bonding nano-structures 1940 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 1910. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 1940 in FIG. 19 may be the same as or similar to bonding nano-structures 940 as described above with reference to FIG. 9. In some embodiments, at least one bonding nano-structure 1940 of a set of bonding nano-structures 1940 corresponding to a micro-LED is bonded with a corresponding top pad 1971 configured to bond with that micro-LED. In some embodiments, one bonding nano-structure 1940 may be bonded with at most one top pad 1971.
[0366] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1940 is less than the width of each top pad 1971. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1940 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 1971. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 1940 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 1971. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 1940 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 1971. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1940 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 1971 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 1971 is about 200 nanometers.
[0367] In some embodiments, the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 1940 in FIG. 19 may be the same as the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 940 as described above with reference to FIG. 9. In some embodiments, the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 1940 and top pads 1971 in FIG. 19 may be the same as the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 940 and top pads 971 as described above with reference to FIG. 9.
[0368] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1990 further includes multiple contact structures 1950 formed between micro-LED array 1910 and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure 1950 is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 1940. In some embodiments, contact structures 1950 in FIG. 19 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 950 as described above with reference to FIG. 9.
[0369] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1990 further includes multiple nano-mirrors 1980 formed between micro-LED array 1910 and the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, each nano-mirror 1980 may be formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 1940. In some embodiments, each nano-mirror 1980 may be formed at the bottom of a corresponding contact structure 1950. In some embodiments, nano-mirrors 1980 in FIG. 19 may be the same as or similar to nano-mirrors 980 as described above with reference to FIG. 9.
[0370] In some embodiments, a DBR dielectric material 1961 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 1940. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric material 1961 is further filled between adjacent contact structures 1950. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric material 1961 is further filled between adjacent nano-mirrors 1980. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric layer 1961 and multiple nano-mirrors 1980 collectively form an entire reflective layer configured to reflect the light emitted by the micro-LEDs of micro-LED array 1910. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric material 1961 may be formed by SiO2 / TiO2 dielectric pairs, SiO2 / Ta2O5 dielectric pairs, SiO2 / SiN dielectric pairs, any combination thereof, or any similar dielectric pairs.
[0371] As shown in FIG. 19, micro-LED array 1910 includes a first type epitaxial sub-layer 1911a, multiple first type epitaxial structures 1911b formed at the bottom of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1911a, a light emitting layer 1913 formed on top of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1911a, and a second type epitaxial layer 1912 formed on top of light emitting layer 1913. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 1911a, first type epitaxial structures 1911b, light emitting layer 1913, and second type epitaxial layer 1912 in FIG. 19 may be the same as or similar to first type epitaxial sub-layer 1411a, first type epitaxial structures 1411b, light emitting layer 1413, and second type epitaxial layer 1412 as described above with reference to FIG. 14.
[0372] In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 1911a and multiple first type epitaxial structures 1911b are both doped with impurities. Typical doping impurities for N-type semiconductor are Si and Ge, and typical doping impurities for P-type semiconductor are Mg, Zn and C. In some embodiments, the doping concentration of first type epitaxial sub-layer 1911a is lower than the doping concentration of first type epitaxial structures 1911b.
[0373] In some embodiments, each first type epitaxial structure 1911b is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 1940, a corresponding contact structure 1950, and / or a corresponding nano-mirror 1980. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric material 1961 is further filled between adjacent first type epitaxial structures 1911b.
[0374] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 1912 includes a top mesa array 1912b and an extension part 1912a formed at the bottom of top mesa array 1912b. Trenches 1919 are formed between adjacent top mesas of top mesa array 1912b. In some embodiments, the angle between a sidewall of any top mesa and the bottom surface of an adjacent trench 1919 is an obtuse angle or an acute angle.
[0375] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 1912 further comprises an etching stop layer 1914 formed between top mesa array 1912b and extension part 1912a. In some embodiments, etching stop layer 1914 is used in the etching process to prevent extension part 1912a from being etched, leaving extension part 1912a continues and intact. In some embodiments, etching stop layer 1914 in FIG. 19 may be the same as or similar to etching stop layer 1414 as described above with reference to FIG. 14, respectively.
[0376] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1990 further includes a top conductive layer 1920 formed on micro-LED array 1910 and multiple top contact pads 1930 formed on top conductive layer 1920. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 1920 and top contact pads 1930 in FIG. 19 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 1420 and top contact pads 1430 as described above with reference to FIG. 14, respectively.
[0377] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 1990 further includes a microlens array (not shown) formed on top conductive layer 1920. Each microlens of the microlens array is formed corresponding to a top mesa of top mesa array 1912b.
[0378] FIG. 20 is a top-view schematic diagram of the bonding nano-structure layer in FIGs. 16 through 19, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Please note that FIG. 20 illustrates an example of the positional relationship between top pads 2071 of the IC backplane and bonding nano-structures 2040 of the micro-LED array layer. Top pads 2071 indicated by dotted lines may not be visible to the naked eye viewing the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, top pads 2071 in FIG. 20 may be the same as or similar to top pads 1671, 1771, 1871, or 1971 as described above with reference to FIGs. 16 through 19, respectively. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 2040 in FIG. 20 may be the same as or similar to bonding nano-structures 1640, 1740, 1840, or 1940 as described above with reference to FIGs. 16 through 19, respectively.
[0379] In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 2040 are configured to be bonded with top pads 2071. In some embodiments, each micro-LED of the micro-LED array layer may correspond to a top pad 2071, and each micro-LED may correspond to multiple bonding nano-structures 2040. In some embodiments, at least one bonding nano-structure 2040 of a set of bonding nano-structures 2040 corresponding to a micro-LED is bonded with a corresponding top pad 2071 configured to bond with that micro-LED. In some embodiments, one bonding nano-structure 2040 may be bonded with at most one top pad 2071.
[0380] In some embodiments, the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 2040 in FIG. 20 may be the same as the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 540 as described above with reference to FIG. 5. In some embodiments, the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 2040 and top pads 2071 in FIG. 20 may be the same as the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 540 and top pads 571 as described above with reference to FIG. 5.
[0381] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2040 is less than the width of each top pad 2071. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2040 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 2071. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 2040 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 2071. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 2040 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 2071. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2040 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 2071 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 2071 is about 200 nanometers.
[0382] In some embodiments, a DBR dielectric layer 2061 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2040. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric layer 2061 in FIG. 20 may be the same as or similar to DBR dielectric layer 1661, 1761, 1861, or 1961 as described above with reference to FIGs. 16 through 19, respectively.
[0383] FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 2100, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 21, micro-LED display panel 2100 includes an IC backplane 2170 and a micro-LED array layer 2190 formed on top of IC backplane 2170. In some embodiments, IC backplane 2170 in FIG. 21 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 170 as described above with reference to FIG. 1. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2190 may be similar to micro-LED array layer 190 as described above with reference to FIG. 1. However, instead of including top mesa array 112b, micro-LED array layer 2190 includes a top dome microlens array 2112b. As a result, the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 2190 may be different from the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 190.
[0384] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2190 includes a micro-LED array 2110. Each micro-LED of micro-LED array 2110 is configured to be bonded with IC backplane 2170 and separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 2170. In some embodiments, IC backplane 2170 includes multiple top pads 2171 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 2172 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 2171. In some embodiments, each top pad 2171 corresponds to a micro-LED of the micro-LED array 2110. In some embodiments, top pads 2171 and dielectric layer 2172 in FIG. 21 may be the same as or similar to top pads 171 and dielectric layer 172 as described above with reference to FIG. 1, respectively.
[0385] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2190 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 2110. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 2140 may be randomly or orderly distributed within the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 2140, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 2171 in FIG. 21 may be the same as bonding nano-structures 140, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 171 as described above with reference to FIG. 1, respectively.
[0386] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2140 is less than the width of each top pad 2171. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2140 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 2171. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 2140 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 2171. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 2140 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 2171. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2140 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 2171 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 2171 is about 200 nanometers.
[0387] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2190 further includes multiple contact structures 2150 formed between micro-LED array 2110 and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure 2150 is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 2140. In some embodiments, a dielectric material 2160 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2140 and / or between adjacent contact structures 2150. In some embodiments, contact structures 2150 and dielectric material 2160 in FIG. 21 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 150 and dielectric material 160 as described above with reference to FIG. 1, respectively.
[0388] As shown in FIG. 21, micro-LED array 2110 includes a first type epitaxial layer 2111, a light emitting layer 2113, and a second type epitaxial layer 2112 from the bottom up. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial layer 2111 and light emitting layer 2113 in FIG. 21 may be the same as or similar to first type epitaxial layer 111 and light emitting layer 113 as described above with reference to FIG. 1, respectively.
[0389] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 2112 includes top dome microlens array 2112b and an extension part 2112a. In some embodiments, extension part 2112a in FIG. 21 may be the same as or similar to extension part 112a as described above with reference to FIG. 1. Each top dome microlens of top dome microlens array 2112b has a dome-shaped top surface that functions as a microlens to refract the light emitted by a corresponding micro-LED. Accordingly, micro-LED display panel 2100 may not need to include a microlens array separated from micro-LED array 2110. In some embodiments, top dome microlens array 2112b in FIG. 21 may be similar to top mesa array 112b as described above with reference to FIG. 1, except for the contour of its upper surface.
[0390] In some embodiments, trenches 2119 are formed between adjacent top dome microlens of top dome microlens array 2112b. In some embodiments, the sidewalls of each top dome microlens are perpendicular to the bottom surface of trenches 2119. It should be understood the angle between a sidewall of any top dome microlens and the bottom surface of an adjacent trench 2119 can also be an obtuse angle or an acute angle.
[0391] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2190 further includes a top conductive layer 2120 formed on second type epitaxial layer 2112, which is continuously or interconnectedly formed on an entire top surface of the micro-LED array. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 2120 is formed on top dome microlenses of top dome microlens array 2112b and sidewalls and the bottom of the trenches 2119, thereby having a dome-shaped at the top surface of each top dome microlens. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 2120 is transparent. In some embodiments, the material of top conductive layer 2120 is ITO, AZO, GZO, IGZO, ZnO, any combination thereof, or any similar materials.
[0392] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2190 further includes multiple top contact pads 2130 formed on top conductive layer 2120 between the adjacent top dome microlenses and on the bottom of trenches 2119. In some embodiments, top contact pads 2130 in FIG. 21 may be the same as or similar to top contact pads 130 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0393] FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 2200, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 22, micro-LED display panel 2200 includes an IC backplane 2270 and a micro-LED array layer 2290 formed on top of IC backplane 2270. In some embodiments, IC backplane 2270 in FIG. 22 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 370 as described above with reference to FIG. 3. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2290 may be similar to micro-LED array layer 390 as described above with reference to FIG. 3. However, instead of including top mesa array 312b, micro-LED array layer 2290 includes a top dome microlens array 2212b. As a result, the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 2290 may be different from the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 390.
[0394] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2290 includes a micro-LED array 2210. In some embodiments, IC backplane 2270 includes multiple top pads 2271 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 2272 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 2271. In some embodiments, each top pad 2271 corresponds to a micro-LED of the micro-LED array 2210. In some embodiments, top pads 2271 and dielectric layer 2272 in FIG. 22 may be the same as or similar to top pads 371 and dielectric layer 372 as described above with reference to FIG. 3, respectively.
[0395] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2290 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer comprising multiple bonding nano-structures 2240 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 2210. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 2240, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 2271 in FIG. 22 may be the same as bonding nano-structures 340, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 371 as described above with reference to FIG. 3, respectively.
[0396] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2240 is less than the width of each top pad 2271. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2240 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 2271. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 2240 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 2271. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 2240 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 2271. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2240 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 2271 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 2271 is about 200 nanometers.
[0397] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2290 further includes multiple contact structures 2250, each of which is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 2240. In some embodiments, a dielectric material 2260 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2240 and / or between adjacent contact structures 2250. In some embodiments, contact structures 2250 and dielectric material 2260 in FIG. 22 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 350 and dielectric material 360 as described above with reference to FIG. 3, respectively.
[0398] As shown in FIG. 22, micro-LED array 2210 includes a first type epitaxial layer 2211, a light emitting layer 2213, and a second type epitaxial layer 2212 from the bottom up. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial layer 2211, second type epitaxial layer 2212, and light emitting layer 2213 in FIG. 22 may be the same as or similar to first type epitaxial layer 2111, second type epitaxial layer 2112, and light emitting layer 2113 as described above with reference to FIG. 21, respectively.
[0399] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 2212 includes a top dome microlens array 2212b and an extension part 2212a. Trenches 2219 are formed between adjacent top dome microlens of top dome microlens array 2212b. In some embodiments, extension part 2212a, top dome microlens array 2212b, and trenches 2219 in FIG. 22 may be the same as or similar to extension part 2112a, top dome microlens array 2112b, and trenches 2119 as described above with reference to FIG. 21, respectively.
[0400] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2290 further includes a top conductive layer 2220 formed on second type epitaxial layer 2212. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 2220 is formed on top dome microlenses of top dome microlens array 2212b and sidewalls and the bottom of the trenches 2219. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 2220 in FIG. 22 may be similar to top conductive layer 2120 as described above with reference to FIG. 21, except for top conductive layer 2220 further includes openings formed on top of the bottom of trenches 2219.
[0401] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2290 further includes multiple Schottky contact pads 2231 formed in the openings of top conductive layer 2220 and on top of extension part 2212a of second type epitaxial layer 2212. In some embodiments, Schottky contact pads 2231 in FIG. 22 may be the same as or similar to Schottky contact pads 331 as described above with reference to FIG. 3.
[0402] FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 2300, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 23, micro-LED display panel 2300 includes an IC backplane 2370 and a micro-LED array layer 2390 formed on top of IC backplane 2370. In some embodiments, IC backplane 2370 in FIG. 23 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 470 as described above with reference to FIG. 4. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2390 may be similar to micro-LED array layer 490 as described above with reference to FIG. 4. However, instead of including top mesa array 412b, micro-LED array layer 2390 includes a top dome microlens array 2112b. As a result, the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 2390 may be different from the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 490.
[0403] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2390 includes a micro-LED array 2310. In some embodiments, IC backplane 2370 includes multiple top pads 2371 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 2372 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 2371. In some embodiments, each top pad 2371 corresponds to a micro-LED of the micro-LED array 2310. In some embodiments, top pads 2371 and dielectric layer 2372 in FIG. 23 may be the same as or similar to top pads 471 and dielectric layer 472 as described above with reference to FIG. 4, respectively.
[0404] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2390 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer comprising multiple bonding nano-structures 2340 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 2310. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 2340, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 2371 in FIG. 23 may be the same as bonding nano-structures 440, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 471 as described above with reference to FIG. 4, respectively.
[0405] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2340 is less than the width of each top pad 2371. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2340 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 2371. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 2340 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 2371. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 2340 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 2371. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2340 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 2371 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 2371 is about 200 nanometers.
[0406] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2390 further includes multiple contact structures 2350, each of which is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 2340. In some embodiments, a dielectric material 2360 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2340 and / or between adjacent contact structures 2350. In some embodiments, contact structures 2350 and dielectric material 2360 in FIG. 23 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 450 and dielectric material 460 as described above with reference to FIG. 4, respectively.
[0407] As shown in FIG. 23, micro-LED array 2310 includes a first type epitaxial layer 2311, a light emitting layer 2313, and a second type epitaxial layer 2312 from the bottom up. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial layer 2311 and light emitting layer 2213 in FIG. 23 may be the same as or similar to first type epitaxial layer 2111 and light emitting layer 2113 as described above with reference to FIG. 21, respectively.
[0408] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 2312 includes a top dome microlens array 2312b and an extension part 2312a. Trenches 2319 are formed between adjacent top dome microlens of top dome microlens array 2312b. In some embodiments, extension part 2312a, top dome microlens array 2312b, and trenches 2319 in FIG. 23 may be the same as or similar to extension part 2112a, top dome microlens array 2112b, and trenches 2119 as described above with reference to FIG. 21, respectively.
[0409] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 2312 further comprises an etching stop layer 2314 formed between top dome microlens array 2312b and extension part 2312a. In some embodiments, etching stop layer 2314 is used in the etching process to prevent extension part 2312a from being etched, leaving extension part 2312a continues and intact. In some embodiments, etching stop layer 2314 in FIG. 23 may be the same as or similar to etching stop layer 414 as described above with reference to FIG. 4.
[0410] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2390 further includes a top conductive layer 2320 formed on second type epitaxial layer 2312 and multiple top contact pads 2330 formed on top conductive layer 2320. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 2320 and top contact pads 2330 in FIG. 23 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 2120 and top contact pads 2130 as described above with reference to FIG. 21, respectively.
[0411] FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 2400, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 24, micro-LED display panel 2400 includes an IC backplane 2470 and a micro-LED array layer 2490 formed on top of IC backplane 2470. In some embodiments, IC backplane 2470 in FIG. 24 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 1170 as described above with reference to FIG. 11. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2490 may be similar to micro-LED array layer 1190 as described above with reference to FIG. 11. However, instead of including top mesa array 1112b, micro-LED array layer 2490 includes a top dome microlens array 2412b. As a result, the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 2490 may be different from the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 1190.
[0412] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2490 includes a micro-LED array 2410. Each micro-LED of micro-LED array 2410 is configured to be bonded with IC backplane 2470 and separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 2470. In some embodiments, IC backplane 2470 includes multiple top pads 2471 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 2472 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 2471. In some embodiments, each top pad 2471 corresponds to a micro-LED of the micro-LED array 2410. In some embodiments, top pads 2471 and dielectric layer 2472 in FIG. 24 may be the same as or similar to top pads 1171 and dielectric layer 1172 as described above with reference to FIG. 11, respectively.
[0413] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2490 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 2410. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 2440 may be randomly or orderly distributed within the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 2440, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 2471 in FIG. 24 may be the same as bonding nano-structures 1140, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 1171 as described above with reference to FIG. 11, respectively.
[0414] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2440 is less than the width of each top pad 2471. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2440 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 2471. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 2440 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 2471. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 2440 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 2471. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2440 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 2471 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 2471 is about 200 nanometers.
[0415] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2490 further includes multiple contact structures 2450 formed between micro-LED array 2410 and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure 2450 is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 2440. In some embodiments, a dielectric material 2460 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2440 and / or between adjacent contact structures 2450. In some embodiments, contact structures 2450 and dielectric material 2460 in FIG. 24 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 1150 and dielectric material 1160 as described above with reference to FIG. 11, respectively.
[0416] As shown in FIG. 24, micro-LED array 2410 includes a first type epitaxial layer 2411, a light emitting layer 2413, and a second type epitaxial layer 2412 from the bottom up. In some embodiments, light emitting layer 2413 in FIG. 24 may be the same as or similar to light emitting layer 1113 as described above with reference to FIG. 11.
[0417] In some embodiments, first type epitaxial layer 2411 includes a first type epitaxial sub-layer 2411a and multiple first type epitaxial structures 2411b formed at the bottom of first type epitaxial sub-layer 2411a. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 2411a and first type epitaxial structures 2411b are both doped with impurities. Typical doping impurities for N-type semiconductor are Si and Ge, and typical doping impurities for P-type semiconductor are Mg, Zn and C. In some embodiments, the doping concentration of first type epitaxial sub-layer 2411a is lower than the doping concentration of first type epitaxial structures 2411b. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 2411a and first type epitaxial structures 2411b in FIG. 24 may be the same as or similar to first type epitaxial sub-layer 1111a and first type epitaxial structures 1111b as described above with reference to FIG. 11, respectively.
[0418] In some embodiments, each first type epitaxial structure 2411b is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 2440 and / or a corresponding contact structure 2450. In some embodiments, dielectric material 2460 is further filled between adjacent first type epitaxial structures 2411b.
[0419] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 2412 includes a top dome microlens array 2412b and an extension part 2412a. In some embodiments, extension part 2412a in FIG. 24 may be the same as or similar to extension part 1112a as described above with reference to FIG. 11. Each top dome microlens of top dome microlens array 2412b has a dome-shaped top surface that functions as a microlens to refract the light emitted by a corresponding micro-LED. In some embodiments, top dome microlens array 2412b in FIG. 24 may be similar to top mesa array 1112b as described above with reference to FIG. 11, except for the contour of its upper surface.
[0420] In some embodiments, trenches 2419 are formed between adjacent top dome microlens of top dome microlens array 2412b. In some embodiments, the sidewalls of each top dome microlens are perpendicular to the bottom surface of trenches 2419. It should be understood the angle between a sidewall of any top dome microlens and the bottom surface of an adjacent trench 2419 can also be an obtuse angle or an acute angle.
[0421] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2490 further includes a top conductive layer 2420 formed on second type epitaxial layer 2412, which is continuously or interconnectedly formed on an entire top surface of the micro-LED array. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 2420 is formed on top dome microlenses of top dome microlens array 2412b and sidewalls and the bottom of the trenches 2419, thereby having a dome-shaped at the top surface of each top dome microlens. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 2420 is transparent. In some embodiments, the material of top conductive layer 2420 is ITO, AZO, GZO, IGZO, ZnO, any combination thereof, or any similar materials.
[0422] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2490 further includes multiple top contact pads 2430 formed on top conductive layer 2420 between the adjacent top dome microlenses and on the bottom of trenches 2419. In some embodiments, top contact pads 2430 in FIG. 24 may be the same as or similar to top contact pads 1130 as described above with reference to FIG. 11.
[0423] FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 2500, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 25, micro-LED display panel 2500 includes an IC backplane 2570 and a micro-LED array layer 2590 formed on top of IC backplane 2570. In some embodiments, IC backplane 2570 in FIG. 25 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 1370 as described above with reference to FIG. 13. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2590 may be similar to micro-LED array layer 1390 as described above with reference to FIG. 13. However, instead of including top mesa array 1312b, micro-LED array layer 2590 includes a top dome microlens array 2512b. As a result, the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 2590 may be different from the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 1390.
[0424] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2590 includes a micro-LED array 2510. In some embodiments, IC backplane 2570 includes multiple top pads 2571 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 2572 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 2571. In some embodiments, each top pad 2571 corresponds to a micro-LED of the micro-LED array 2510. In some embodiments, top pads 2571 and dielectric layer 2572 in FIG. 25 may be the same as or similar to top pads 1371 and dielectric layer 1372 as described above with reference to FIG. 13, respectively.
[0425] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2590 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer comprising multiple bonding nano-structures 2540 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 2510. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 2540, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 2571 in FIG. 25 may be the same as bonding nano-structures 1340, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 1371 as described above with reference to FIG. 13, respectively.
[0426] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2540 is less than the width of each top pad 2571. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2540 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 2571. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 2540 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 2571. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 2540 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 2571. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2540 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 2571 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 2571 is about 200 nanometers.
[0427] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2590 further includes multiple contact structures 2550, each of which is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 2540. In some embodiments, a dielectric material 2560 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2540 and / or between adjacent contact structures 2550. In some embodiments, contact structures 2550 and dielectric material 2560 in FIG. 25 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 1350 and dielectric material 1360 as described above with reference to FIG. 13, respectively.
[0428] As shown in FIG. 25, micro-LED array 2510 includes a first type epitaxial layer 2511, a light emitting layer 2513, and a second type epitaxial layer 2512 from the bottom up. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial layer 2511, second type epitaxial layer 2512, and light emitting layer 2513 in FIG. 25 may be the same as or similar to first type epitaxial layer 2411, second type epitaxial layer 2412, and light emitting layer 2413 as described above with reference to FIG. 24, respectively.
[0429] In some embodiments, first type epitaxial layer 2511 includes a first type epitaxial sub-layer 2511a and multiple first type epitaxial structures 2511b formed at the bottom of first type epitaxial sub-layer 2511a. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 2511a and first type epitaxial structures 2511b in FIG. 25 may be the same as or similar to first type epitaxial sub-layer 2411a and first type epitaxial structures 2411b as described above with reference to FIG. 24, respectively. In some embodiments, dielectric material 2560 is further filled between adjacent first type epitaxial structures 2511b.
[0430] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 2512 includes top dome microlens array 2512b and an extension part 2512a. Trenches 2519 are formed between adjacent top dome microlens of top dome microlens array 2512b. In some embodiments, extension part 2512a, top dome microlens array 2512b, and trenches 2519 in FIG. 25 may be the same as or similar to extension part 2412a, top dome microlens array 2412b, and trenches 2419 as described above with reference to FIG. 24, respectively.
[0431] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2590 further includes a top conductive layer 2520 formed on second type epitaxial layer 2512. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 2520 is formed on top dome microlenses of top dome microlens array 2512b and sidewalls and the bottom of the trenches 2519. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 2520 in FIG. 25 may be similar to top conductive layer 2420 as described above with reference to FIG. 24, except for top conductive layer 2520 further includes openings formed on top of the bottom of trenches 2519.
[0432] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2590 further includes multiple Schottky contact pads 2531 formed in the openings of top conductive layer 2520 and on top of extension part 2512a of second type epitaxial layer 2512. In some embodiments, Schottky contact pads 2531 in FIG. 25 may be the same as or similar to Schottky contact pads 1331 as described above with reference to FIG. 13.
[0433] FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 2600, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 26, micro-LED display panel 2600 includes an IC backplane 2670 and a micro-LED array layer 2690 formed on top of IC backplane 2670. In some embodiments, IC backplane 2670 in FIG. 26 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 1470 as described above with reference to FIG. 14. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2690 may be similar to micro-LED array layer 1490 as described above with reference to FIG. 14. However, instead of including top mesa array 1412b of FIG. 14, micro-LED array layer 2690 includes a top dome microlens array 2612b in FIG. 26. As a result, the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 2690 in FIG. 26 may be different from the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 1490 in FIG. 14.
[0434] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2690 includes a micro-LED array 2610. In some embodiments, IC backplane 2670 includes multiple top pads 2671 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 2672 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 2671. In some embodiments, each top pad 2671 corresponds to a micro-LED of the micro-LED array 2610. In some embodiments, top pads 2671 and dielectric layer 2672 in FIG. 26 may be the same as or similar to top pads 1471 and dielectric layer 1472 as described above with reference to FIG. 14, respectively.
[0435] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2690 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer comprising multiple bonding nano-structures 2640 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 2610. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 2640, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 2671 in FIG. 26 may be the same as bonding nano-structures 1440, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 1471 as described above with reference to FIG. 14, respectively.
[0436] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2640 is less than the width of each top pad 2671. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2640 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 2671. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 2640 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 2671. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 2640 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 2671. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2640 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 2671 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 2671 is about 200 nanometers.
[0437] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2690 further includes multiple contact structures 2650, each of which is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 2640. In some embodiments, a dielectric material 2660 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2640 and / or between adjacent contact structures 2650. In some embodiments, contact structures 2650 and dielectric material 2660 in FIG. 26 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 1450 and dielectric material 1460 as described above with reference to FIG. 14, respectively.
[0438] As shown in FIG. 26, micro-LED array 2610 includes a first type epitaxial layer 2611, a light emitting layer 2613, and a second type epitaxial layer 2612 from the bottom up. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial layer 2611 and light emitting layer 2613 in FIG. 26 may be the same as or similar to first type epitaxial layer 2411 and light emitting layer 2413 as described above with reference to FIG. 24, respectively.
[0439] In some embodiments, first type epitaxial layer 2611 includes a first type epitaxial sub-layer 2611a and multiple first type epitaxial structures 2611b formed at the bottom of first type epitaxial sub-layer 2611a. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 2611a and first type epitaxial structures 2611b in FIG. 26 may be the same as or similar to first type epitaxial sub-layer 2411a and first type epitaxial structures 2411b as described above with reference to FIG. 24, respectively. In some embodiments, dielectric material 2660 is further filled between adjacent first type epitaxial structures 2611b.
[0440] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 2612 includes a top dome microlens array 2612b and an extension part 2612a. Trenches 2619 are formed between adjacent top dome microlens of top dome microlens array 2612b. In some embodiments, extension part 2612a, top dome microlens array 2612b, and trenches 2619 in FIG. 26 may be the same as or similar to extension part 2412a, top dome microlens array 2412b, and trenches 2419 as described above with reference to FIG. 24, respectively.
[0441] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 2612 further comprises an etching stop layer 2614 formed between top dome microlens array 2612b and extension part 2612a. In some embodiments, etching stop layer 2614 is used in the etching process to prevent extension part 2612a from being etched, leaving extension part 2612a continues and intact. In some embodiments, etching stop layer 2614 in FIG. 26 may be the same as or similar to etching stop layer 1414 as described above with reference to FIG. 14.
[0442] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2690 further includes a top conductive layer 2620 formed on second type epitaxial layer 2612 and multiple top contact pads 2630 formed on top conductive layer 2620. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 2620 and top contact pads 2630 in FIG. 26 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 2420 and top contact pads 2430 as described above with reference to FIG. 24, respectively.
[0443] FIG. 27 is a top-view schematic diagram of the bonding nano-structure layer in FIGs. 21 through 26, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Please note that FIG. 27 illustrates an example of the positional relationship between top pads 2771 of the IC backplane and bonding nano-structures 2740 of the micro-LED array layer. Top pads 2771 indicated by dotted lines may not be visible to the naked eye viewing the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, top pads 2771 in FIG. 27 may be the same as or similar to top pads 2171, 2271, 2371, 2471, 2571, or 2671 as described above with reference to FIGs. 21 through 26, respectively. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 2740 in FIG. 27 may be the same as or similar to bonding nano-structures 2140, 2240, 2340, 2440, 2540, or 2640 as described above with reference to FIGs. 21 through 26, respectively.
[0444] In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 2740 are configured to be bonded with top pads 2771. In some embodiments, at least one bonding nano-structure 2740 of a set of bonding nano-structures 2740 corresponding to a micro-LED is bonded with a corresponding top pad 2771 configured to bond with that micro-LED. In some embodiments, one bonding nano-structure 2740 may be bonded with at most one top pad 2771.
[0445] In some embodiments, the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 2740 in FIG. 27 may be the same as the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 540 as described above with reference to FIG. 5. In some embodiments, the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 2740 and top pads 2771 in FIG. 27 may be the same as the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 540 and top pads 571 as described above with reference to FIG. 5.
[0446] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2740 is less than the width of each top pad 2771. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2740 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 2771. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 2740 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 2771. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 2740 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 2771. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2740 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 2771 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 2771 is about 200 nanometers.
[0447] In some embodiments, a dielectric material 2760 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2740. In some embodiments, dielectric material 2760 in FIG. 27 may be the same as or similar to dielectric material 2160, 2260, 2360, 2460, 2560, or 2660 as described above with reference to FIGs. 21 through 26, respectively.
[0448] FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 2800, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 28, micro-LED display panel 2800 includes an IC backplane 2870 and a micro-LED array layer 2890 formed on top of IC backplane 2870. In some embodiments, IC backplane 2870 in FIG. 28 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 670 as described above with reference to FIG. 6. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2890 may be similar to micro-LED array layer 690 as described above with reference to FIG. 6. However, instead of including top mesa array 612b, micro-LED array layer 2890 includes a top dome microlens array 2812b. As a result, the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 2890 may be different from the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 690.
[0449] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2890 includes a micro-LED array 2810. Each micro-LED of micro-LED array 2810 is configured to be bonded with IC backplane 2870 and separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 2870. In some embodiments, IC backplane 2870 includes multiple top pads 2871 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 2872 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 2871. In some embodiments, each top pad 2871 corresponds to a micro-LED of the micro-LED array 2810. In some embodiments, top pads 2871 and dielectric layer 2872 in FIG. 28 may be the same as or similar to top pads 671 and dielectric layer 672 as described above with reference to FIG. 6, respectively.
[0450] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2890 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 2810. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 2840 may be randomly or orderly distributed within the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 2840, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 2871 in FIG. 28 may be the same as bonding nano-structures 640, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 671 as described above with reference to FIG. 6, respectively.
[0451] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2840 is less than the width of each top pad 2871. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2840 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 2871. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 2840 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 2871. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 2840 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 2871. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2840 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 2871 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 2871 is about 200 nanometers.
[0452] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2890 further includes multiple contact structures 2850 formed between micro-LED array 2810 and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure 2850 is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 2840. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2890 further includes multiple nano-mirrors 2880 formed between micro-LED array 2810 and the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, each nano-mirror 2880 is formed between a corresponding contact structure 2850 and a corresponding bonding nano-structure 2840. In some embodiments, a DBR dielectric material 2861 is filled between adjacent contact structures 2850, between adjacent nano-mirrors 2880, and / or between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2840. In some embodiments, contact structures 2850, nano-mirrors 2880, and DBR dielectric material 2861 in FIG. 28 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 650, nano-mirrors 680, and DBR dielectric layer 661 as described above with reference to FIG. 6, respectively.
[0453] As shown in FIG. 28, micro-LED array 2810 includes a first type epitaxial layer 2811, a light emitting layer 2813, and a second type epitaxial layer 2812 from the bottom up. In some embodiments, micro-LED array 2810, first type epitaxial layer 2811, second type epitaxial layer 2812, and light emitting layer 2813 in FIG. 28 may be the same as or similar to micro-LED array 2110, first type epitaxial layer 2111, second type epitaxial layer 2112, and light emitting layer 2113 as described above with reference to FIG. 21, respectively.
[0454] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 2812 includes a top dome microlens array 2812b and an extension part 2812a. In some embodiments, trenches 2819 are formed between adjacent top dome microlens of top dome microlens array 2812b. In some embodiments, extension part 2812a, top dome microlens array 2812b, and trenches 2819 in FIG. 28 may be the same as or similar to extension part 2112a, top dome microlens array 2112b, and trenches 2119 as described above with reference to FIG. 21, respectively.
[0455] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2890 further includes a top conductive layer 2820 formed on second type epitaxial layer 2812 and multiple top contact pads 2830 formed on top conductive layer 2820. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 2820 and top contact pads 2830 in FIG. 28 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 2120 and top contact pads 2130 as described above with reference to FIG. 21, respectively.
[0456] FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 2900, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 29, micro-LED display panel 2900 includes an IC backplane 2970 and a micro-LED array layer 2990 formed on top of IC backplane 2970. In some embodiments, IC backplane 2970 in FIG. 29 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 870 as described above with reference to FIG. 8. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2990 may be similar to micro-LED array layer 890 as described above with reference to FIG. 8. However, instead of including top mesa array 812b, micro-LED array layer 2990 includes a top dome microlens array 2912b. As a result, the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 2990 may be different from the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 890.
[0457] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2990 includes a micro-LED array 2910. In some embodiments, IC backplane 2970 includes multiple top pads 2971 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 2972 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 2971. In some embodiments, each top pad 2971 corresponds to a micro-LED of the micro-LED array 2910. In some embodiments, top pads 2971 and dielectric layer 2972 in FIG. 29 may be the same as or similar to top pads 871 and dielectric layer 872 as described above with reference to FIG. 8, respectively.
[0458] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2990 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer comprising multiple bonding nano-structures 2940 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 2910. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 2940, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 2971 in FIG. 29 may be the same as bonding nano-structures 840, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 871 as described above with reference to FIG. 8, respectively.
[0459] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2940 is less than the width of each top pad 2971. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2940 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 2971. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 2940 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 2971. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 2940 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 2971. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2940 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 2971 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 2971 is about 200 nanometers.
[0460] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2990 further includes multiple contact structures 2950, each of which is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 2940. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2990 further includes multiple nano-mirrors 2980, each of which is formed between a corresponding contact structure 2950 and a corresponding bonding nano-structure 2940. In some embodiments, a DBR dielectric material 2961 is filled between adjacent contact structures 2950, between adjacent nano-mirrors 2980, and / or between adjacent bonding nano-structures 2940. In some embodiments, contact structures 2950, nano-mirrors 2980, and DBR dielectric material 2961 in FIG. 29 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 850, nano-mirrors 880, and DBR dielectric layer 861 as described above with reference to FIG. 8, respectively.
[0461] As shown in FIG. 29, micro-LED array 2910 includes a first type epitaxial layer 2911, a light emitting layer 2913, and a second type epitaxial layer 2912 from the bottom up. In some embodiments, micro-LED array 2910, first type epitaxial layer 2911, second type epitaxial layer 2912, and light emitting layer 2913 in FIG. 29 may be the same as or similar to micro-LED array 2210, first type epitaxial layer 2211, second type epitaxial layer 2212, and light emitting layer 2213 as described above with reference to FIG. 22, respectively.
[0462] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 2912 includes a top dome microlens array 2912b and an extension part 2912a. In some embodiments, trenches 2919 are formed between adjacent top dome microlens of top dome microlens array 2912b. In some embodiments, extension part 2912a, top dome microlens array 2912b, and trenches 2919 in FIG. 29 may be the same as or similar to extension part 2212a, top dome microlens array 2212b, and trenches 2219 as described above with reference to FIG. 22, respectively.
[0463] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2990 further includes a top conductive layer 2920 formed on second type epitaxial layer 2912. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 2920 is formed on top dome microlenses of top dome microlens array 2912b and sidewalls and the bottom of the trenches 2919. Top conductive layer 2920 further includes openings formed on top of the bottom of trenches 2919. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 2920 in FIG. 29 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 2220 as described above with reference to FIG. 22.
[0464] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 2990 further includes multiple Schottky contact pads 2931 formed in the openings of top conductive layer 2920 and on top of extension part 2912a of second type epitaxial layer 2912. In some embodiments, Schottky contact pads 2931 in FIG. 29 may be the same as or similar to Schottky contact pads 2231 as described above with reference to FIG. 22.
[0465] FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 3000, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 30, micro-LED display panel 3000 includes an IC backplane 3070 and a micro-LED array layer 3090 formed on top of IC backplane 3070. In some embodiments, IC backplane 3070 in FIG. 30 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 970 as described above with reference to FIG. 9. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3090 may be similar to micro-LED array layer 990 as described above with reference to FIG. 9. However, instead of including top mesa array 912b, micro-LED array layer 3090 includes a top dome microlens array 3012b. As a result, the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 3090 may be different from the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 990.
[0466] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3090 includes a micro-LED array 3010. In some embodiments, IC backplane 3070 includes multiple top pads 3071 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 3072 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 3071. In some embodiments, each top pad 3071 corresponds to a micro-LED of the micro-LED array 3010. In some embodiments, top pads 3071 and dielectric layer 3072 in FIG. 30 may be the same as or similar to top pads 971 and dielectric layer 972 as described above with reference to FIG. 9, respectively.
[0467] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3090 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer comprising multiple bonding nano-structures 3040 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 3010. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 3040, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 3071 in FIG. 30 may be the same as bonding nano-structures 940, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 971 as described above with reference to FIG. 9, respectively.
[0468] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 3040 is less than the width of each top pad 3071. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 3040 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 3071. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 3040 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 3071. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 3040 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 3071. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 3040 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 3071 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 3071 is about 200 nanometers.
[0469] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3090 further includes multiple contact structures 3050, each of which is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 3040. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3090 further includes multiple nano-mirrors 3080, each of which is formed between a corresponding contact structure 3050 and a corresponding bonding nano-structure 3040. In some embodiments, a DBR dielectric material 3061 is filled between adjacent contact structures 3050, between adjacent nano-mirrors 3080, and / or between adjacent bonding nano-structures 3040. In some embodiments, contact structures 3050, nano-mirrors 3080, and DBR dielectric material 3061 in FIG. 30 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 950, nano-mirrors 980, and DBR dielectric layer 961 as described above with reference to FIG. 9, respectively.
[0470] As shown in FIG. 30, micro-LED array 3010 includes a first type epitaxial layer 3011, a light emitting layer 3013, and a second type epitaxial layer 3012 from the bottom up. In some embodiments, micro-LED array 3010, first type epitaxial layer 3011, second type epitaxial layer 3012, and light emitting layer 3013 in FIG. 30 may be the same as or similar to micro-LED array 2310, first type epitaxial layer 2311, second type epitaxial layer 2312, and light emitting layer 2313 as described above with reference to FIG. 23, respectively.
[0471] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 3012 includes a top dome microlens array 3012b and an extension part 3012a. In some embodiments, trenches 3019 are formed between adjacent top dome microlens of top dome microlens array 3012b. In some embodiments, extension part 3012a, top dome microlens array 3012b, and trenches 3019 in FIG. 30 may be the same as or similar to extension part 2312a, top dome microlens array 2312b, and trenches 2319 as described above with reference to FIG. 23, respectively.
[0472] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 3012 further comprises an etching stop layer 3014 formed between top dome microlens array 3012b and extension part 3012a. In some embodiments, etching stop layer 3014 in FIG. 30 may be the same as or similar to etching stop layer 2314 as described above with reference to FIG. 23.
[0473] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3090 further includes a top conductive layer 3020 formed on second type epitaxial layer 3012 and multiple top contact pads 3030 formed on top conductive layer 3020. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 3020 and top contact pads 3030 in FIG. 30 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 2320 and top contact pads 2330 as described above with reference to FIG. 23, respectively.
[0474] FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 3100, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 31, micro-LED display panel 3100 includes an IC backplane 3170 and a micro-LED array layer 3190 formed on top of IC backplane 3170. In some embodiments, IC backplane 3170 in FIG. 31 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 1670 as described above with reference to FIG. 16. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3190 may be similar to micro-LED array layer 1690 as described above with reference to FIG. 16. However, instead of including top mesa array 1612b, micro-LED array layer 3190 includes a top dome microlens array 3112b. As a result, the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 3190 may be different from the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 1690.
[0475] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3190 includes a micro-LED array 3110. Each micro-LED of micro-LED array 3110 is configured to be bonded with IC backplane 3170 and separately, electrically controlled by IC backplane 3170. In some embodiments, IC backplane 3170 includes multiple top pads 3171 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 3172 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 3171. In some embodiments, each top pad 3171 corresponds to a micro-LED of the micro-LED array 3110. In some embodiments, top pads 3171 and dielectric layer 3172 in FIG. 31 may be the same as or similar to top pads 1671 and dielectric layer 1672 as described above with reference to FIG. 16, respectively.
[0476] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3190 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 3110. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 3140 may be randomly or orderly distributed within the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 3140, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 3171 in FIG. 31 may be the same as bonding nano-structures 1640, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 1671 as described above with reference to FIG. 16, respectively.
[0477] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 3140 is less than the width of each top pad 3171. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 3140 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 3171. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 3140 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 3171. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 3140 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 3171. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 3140 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 3171 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 3171 is about 200 nanometers.
[0478] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3190 further includes multiple contact structures 3150 formed between micro-LED array 3110 and the bonding nano-structure layer. Each contact structure 3150 is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 3140. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3190 further includes multiple nano-mirrors 3180 formed between micro-LED array 3110 and the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, each nano-mirror 3180 is formed between a corresponding contact structure 3150 and a corresponding bonding nano-structure 3140. In some embodiments, a DBR dielectric material 3161 is filled between adjacent contact structures 3150, between adjacent nano-mirrors 3180, and / or between adjacent bonding nano-structures 3140. In some embodiments, contact structures 3150, nano-mirrors 3180, and DBR dielectric material 3161 in FIG. 31 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 1650, nano-mirrors 1680, and DBR dielectric material 1661 as described above with reference to FIG. 16, respectively.
[0479] As shown in FIG. 31, micro-LED array 3110 includes a first type epitaxial layer 3111, a light emitting layer 3113, and a second type epitaxial layer 3112 from the bottom up. In some embodiments, micro-LED array 3110, first type epitaxial layer 3111, second type epitaxial layer 3112, and light emitting layer 3113 in FIG. 31 may be the same as or similar to micro-LED array 2410, first type epitaxial layer 2411, second type epitaxial layer 2412, and light emitting layer 2413 as described above with reference to FIG. 24, respectively.
[0480] In some embodiments, first type epitaxial layer 3111 includes a first type epitaxial sub-layer 3111a and multiple first type epitaxial structures 3111b formed at the bottom of first type epitaxial sub-layer 3111a. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 3111a and first type epitaxial structures 3111b in FIG. 31 may be the same as or similar to first type epitaxial sub-layer 2411a and first type epitaxial structures 2411b as described above with reference to FIG. 24, respectively. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric material 3161 is further filled between adjacent first type epitaxial structures 3111b.
[0481] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 3112 includes top dome microlens array 3112b and an extension part 3112a. In some embodiments, trenches 3119 are formed between adjacent top dome microlens of top dome microlens array 3112b. In some embodiments, extension part 3112a, top dome microlens array 3112b, and trenches 3119 in FIG. 31 may be the same as or similar to extension part 2412a, top dome microlens array 2412b, and trenches 2419 as described above with reference to FIG. 24, respectively.
[0482] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3190 further includes a top conductive layer 3120 formed on second type epitaxial layer 3112 and multiple top contact pads 3130 formed on top conductive layer 3120. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 3120 and top contact pads 3130 in FIG. 31 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 2420 and top contact pads 2430 as described above with reference to FIG. 24, respectively.
[0483] FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 3200, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 32, micro-LED display panel 3200 includes an IC backplane 3270 and a micro-LED array layer 3290 formed on top of IC backplane 3270. In some embodiments, IC backplane 3270 in FIG. 32 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 1870 as described above with reference to FIG. 18. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3290 may be similar to micro-LED array layer 1890 as described above with reference to FIG. 18. However, instead of including top mesa array 1812b, micro-LED array layer 3290 includes a top dome microlens array 3212b. As a result, the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 3290 may be different from the contour of the upper surface of micro-LED array layer 1890.
[0484] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3290 includes a micro-LED array 3210. In some embodiments, IC backplane 3270 includes multiple top pads 3271 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 3272 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 3271. In some embodiments, each top pad 3271 corresponds to a micro-LED of the micro-LED array 3210. In some embodiments, top pads 3271 and dielectric layer 3272 in FIG. 32 may be the same as or similar to top pads 1871 and dielectric layer 1872 as described above with reference to FIG. 18, respectively.
[0485] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3290 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer comprising multiple bonding nano-structures 3240 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 3210. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 3240, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 3271 in FIG. 32 may be the same as bonding nano-structures 1840, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 1871 as described above with reference to FIG. 18, respectively.
[0486] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 3240 is less than the width of each top pad 3271. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 3240 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 3271. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 3240 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 3271. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 3140 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 3171. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 3240 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 3271 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 3271 is about 200 nanometers.
[0487] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3290 further includes multiple contact structures 3250, each of which is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 3240. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3290 further includes multiple nano-mirrors 3280, each of which is formed between a corresponding contact structure 3250 and a corresponding bonding nano-structure 3240. In some embodiments, a DBR dielectric material 3261 is filled between adjacent contact structures 3250, between adjacent nano-mirrors 3280, and / or between adjacent bonding nano-structures 3240. In some embodiments, contact structures 3250, nano-mirrors 3280, and DBR dielectric material 3261 in FIG. 32 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 1850, nano-mirrors 1880, and DBR dielectric material 1861 as described above with reference to FIG. 18, respectively.
[0488] As shown in FIG. 32, micro-LED array 3210 includes a first type epitaxial layer 3211, a light emitting layer 3213, and a second type epitaxial layer 3212 from the bottom up. In some embodiments, micro-LED array 3210, first type epitaxial layer 3211, second type epitaxial layer 3212, and light emitting layer 3213 in FIG. 32 may be the same as or similar to micro-LED array 2510, first type epitaxial layer 2511, second type epitaxial layer 2512, and light emitting layer 2513 as described above with reference to FIG. 25, respectively.
[0489] In some embodiments, first type epitaxial layer 3211 includes a first type epitaxial sub-layer 3211a and multiple first type epitaxial structures 3211b formed at the bottom of first type epitaxial sub-layer 3211a. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 3211a and first type epitaxial structures 3211b in FIG. 32 may be the same as or similar to first type epitaxial sub-layer 2511a and first type epitaxial structures 2511b as described above with reference to FIG. 25, respectively. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric material 3261 is further filled between adjacent first type epitaxial structures 3211b.
[0490] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 3212 includes a top dome microlens array 3212b and an extension part 3212a. In some embodiments, trenches 3219 are formed between adjacent top dome microlens of top dome microlens array 3212b. In some embodiments, extension part 3212a, top dome microlens array 3212b, and trenches 3219 in FIG. 32 may be the same as or similar to extension part 2512a, top dome microlens array 2512b, and trenches 2519 as described above with reference to FIG. 25, respectively.
[0491] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3290 further includes a top conductive layer 3220 formed on second type epitaxial layer 3212. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 3220 is formed on top dome microlenses of top dome microlens array 3212b and sidewalls and the bottom of the trenches 3219. Top conductive layer 3220 further includes openings formed on top of the bottom of trenches 3219. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 3220 in FIG. 32 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 2520 as described above with reference to FIG. 25.
[0492] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3290 further includes multiple Schottky contact pads 3231 formed in the openings of top conductive layer 3220 and on top of extension part 3212a of second type epitaxial layer 3212. In some embodiments, Schottky contact pads 3231 in FIG. 32 may be the same as or similar to Schottky contact pads 2531 as described above with reference to FIG. 25.
[0493] FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view of a micro-LED display panel 3300, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 33, micro-LED display panel 3300 includes an IC backplane 3370 and a micro-LED array layer 3390 formed on top of IC backplane 3370. In some embodiments, IC backplane 3370 in FIG. 33 may be the same as or similar to IC backplane 1970 as described above with reference to FIG. 19. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3390 may be similar to micro-LED array layer 1990 as described above with reference to FIG. 19, except for the contour of its upper surface.
[0494] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3390 includes a micro-LED array 3310. In some embodiments, IC backplane 3370 includes multiple top pads 3371 forming a top pad array and a dielectric layer 3372 filled into the spaces among multiple top pads 3371. In some embodiments, each top pad 3371 corresponds to a micro-LED of the micro-LED array 3310. In some embodiments, top pads 3371 and dielectric layer 3372 in FIG. 33 may be the same as or similar to top pads 1971 and dielectric layer 1972 as described above with reference to FIG. 19, respectively.
[0495] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3390 further includes a bonding nano-structure layer comprising multiple bonding nano-structures 3340 formed at the bottom of micro-LED array 3310. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 3340, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 3371 in FIG. 33 may be the same as bonding nano-structures 1940, its distribution pattern, and its relative positional relationship with top pads 1971 as described above with reference to FIG. 19, respectively.
[0496] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 3340 is less than the width of each top pad 3371. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 3340 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 3371. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 3340 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 3371. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 3340 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 3371. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 3340 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 3371 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 3371 is about 200 nanometers.
[0497] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3390 further includes multiple contact structures 3350, each of which is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure 3340. In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3390 further includes multiple nano-mirrors 3380, each of which is formed between a corresponding contact structure 3350 and a corresponding bonding nano-structure 3340. In some embodiments, a DBR dielectric material 3361 is filled between adjacent contact structures 3350, between adjacent nano-mirrors 3380, and / or between adjacent bonding nano-structures 3340. In some embodiments, contact structures 3350, nano-mirrors 3380, and DBR dielectric material 3361 in FIG. 33 may be the same as or similar to contact structures 1950, nano-mirrors 1980, and DBR dielectric material 1961 as described above with reference to FIG. 19, respectively.
[0498] As shown in FIG. 33, micro-LED array 3310 includes a first type epitaxial layer 3311, a light emitting layer 3313, and a second type epitaxial layer 3312 from the bottom up. In some embodiments, micro-LED array 3310, first type epitaxial layer 3311, second type epitaxial layer 3312, and light emitting layer 3313 in FIG. 33 may be the same as or similar to micro-LED array 2610, first type epitaxial layer 2611, second type epitaxial layer 2612, and light emitting layer 2613 as described above with reference to FIG. 26, respectively.
[0499] In some embodiments, first type epitaxial layer 3311 includes a first type epitaxial sub-layer 3311a and multiple first type epitaxial structures 3311b formed at the bottom of first type epitaxial sub-layer 3311a. In some embodiments, first type epitaxial sub-layer 3311a and first type epitaxial structures 3311b in FIG. 33 may be the same as or similar to first type epitaxial sub-layer 2611a and first type epitaxial structures 2611b as described above with reference to FIG. 26, respectively. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric material 3361 is further filled between adjacent first type epitaxial structures 3311b.
[0500] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 3312 includes a top dome microlens array 3312b and an extension part 3312a. In some embodiments, trenches 3319 are formed between adjacent top dome microlens of top dome microlens array 3312b. In some embodiments, extension part 3312a, top dome microlens array 3312b, and trenches 3319 in FIG. 33 may be the same as or similar to extension part 2612a, top dome microlens array 2612b, and trenches 2619 as described above with reference to FIG. 26, respectively.
[0501] In some embodiments, second type epitaxial layer 3312 further comprises an etching stop layer 3314 formed between top dome microlens array 3312b and extension part 3312a. In some embodiments, etching stop layer 3314 in FIG. 33 may be the same as or similar to etching stop layer 2614 as described above with reference to FIG. 26.
[0502] In some embodiments, micro-LED array layer 3390 further includes a top conductive layer 3320 formed on second type epitaxial layer 3312 and multiple top contact pads 3330 formed on top conductive layer 3320. In some embodiments, top conductive layer 3320 and top contact pads 3330 in FIG. 33 may be the same as or similar to top conductive layer 2620 and top contact pads 2630 as described above with reference to FIG. 26, respectively.
[0503] FIG. 34 is a top-view schematic diagram of the bonding nano-structure layer in FIGs. 28 through 33, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Please note that FIG. 34 illustrates an example of the positional relationship between top pads 3471 of the IC backplane and bonding nano-structures 3440 of the micro-LED array layer. Top pads 3471 indicated by dotted lines may not be visible to the naked eye viewing the bonding nano-structure layer. In some embodiments, top pads 3471 in FIG. 34 may be the same as or similar to top pads 2871, 2971, 3071, 3171, 3271, or 3371 as described above with reference to FIGs. 28 through 33, respectively. In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 3440 in FIG. 34 may be the same as or similar to bonding nano-structures 2840, 2940, 3040, 3140, 3240, or 3340 as described above with reference to FIGs. 28 through 33, respectively.
[0504] In some embodiments, bonding nano-structures 3440 are configured to be bonded with top pads 3471. In some embodiments, each micro-LED of the micro-LED array layer may correspond to a top pad 3471, and each micro-LED may correspond to multiple bonding nano-structures 3440. In some embodiments, at least one bonding nano-structure 3440 of a set of bonding nano-structures 3440 corresponding to a micro-LED is bonded with a corresponding top pad 3471 configured to bond with that micro-LED. In some embodiments, one bonding nano-structure 3440 may be bonded with at most one top pad 3471.
[0505] In some embodiments, the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 3440 in FIG. 34 may be the same as the distribution pattern of bonding nano-structures 540 as described above with reference to FIG. 5. In some embodiments, the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 3440 and top pads 3471 in FIG. 34 may be the same as the relative positional relationship between bonding nano-structures 540 and top pads 571 as described above with reference to FIG. 5.
[0506] In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 3440 is less than the width of each top pad 3471. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 3440 is less than or equal to a half of the width of each top pad 3471. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 3440 is less than a half of the width of each top pad 3471. In some embodiments, the width of each bonding nano-structure 3440 is less than the pitch between adjacent top pads 3471. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures 3440 is about 50 to about 100 nanometers. In some embodiments, the pitch between adjacent top pads 3471 is about one (1) micrometer. In some embodiments, the width of each top pad 3471 is about 200 nanometers.
[0507] In some embodiments, a DBR dielectric layer 3461 is filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures 3440. In some embodiments, DBR dielectric layer 3461 in FIG. 34 may be the same as or similar to DBR dielectric layer 2861, 2961, 3061, 3161, 3261, or 3361 as described above with reference to FIGs. 28 through 33, respectively.
[0508] It is understood by those skilled in the art that, the micro-LED display panel is not limited by the structure mentioned above, and may include more or fewer components than those as illustrated, or some components may be combined, or a different component may be utilized.
[0509] It is understood by those skilled in the art that, all or part of the steps for implementing the foregoing embodiments may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by a program that instructs related hardware. The program may be stored in a flash memory, in a conventional computer device, in a central processing module, in an adjustment module, etc.
[0510] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present disclosure, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made without departing from the conception and principle of the present disclosure shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
[0511] Further embodiments also include various subsets of the above embodiments including embodiments as shown in FIGs. 1 through 34 combined or otherwise re-arranged in various other embodiments.
[0512] Although the detailed description contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure but merely as illustrating different examples and aspects of the disclosure. It should be appreciated that the scope of the disclosure includes other embodiments not discussed in detail above. For example, the approaches described above can be applied to the integration of functional devices other than LEDs and OLEDs with control circuitry other than pixel drivers. Examples of non-LED devices include vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) , photodetectors, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) , silicon photonic devices, power electronic devices, and distributed feedback lasers (DFB) . Examples of other control circuitry include current drivers, voltage drivers, trans-impedance amplifiers, and logic circuits.
[0513] The preceding description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the embodiments described herein and variations thereof. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter disclosed herein. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the following claims and the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
[0514] Features of the present disclosure can be implemented in, using, or with the assistance of a computer program product, such as a storage medium (media) or computer-readable storage medium (media) having instructions stored thereon / in which can be used to program a processing system to perform any of the features presented herein. The storage medium can include, but is not limited to, high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices, and may include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state storage devices. Memory optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from the CPU (s) . Memory, or alternatively the non-volatile memory device (s) within the memory, includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.
[0515] Stored on any machine-readable medium (media) , features of the present disclosure can be incorporated in software and / or firmware for controlling the hardware of a processing system, and for enabling a processing system to interact with other mechanisms utilizing the results of the present disclosure. Such software or firmware may include, but is not limited to, application code, device drivers, operating systems, and execution environments / containers.
[0516] It will be understood that, although the terms “first, ” “second, ” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements or steps, these elements or steps should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element or step from another.
[0517] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting to the claims. As used in the description of the embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a, ” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises, ” “includes, ” “including, ” and / or “comprising, ” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.
[0518] As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in accordance with a determination” or “in response to detecting, ” that a stated condition precedent is true, depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined [that a stated condition precedent is true] ” or “if [a stated condition precedent is true] ” or “when [a stated condition precedent is true] ” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “in accordance with a determination” or “upon detecting” or “in response to detecting” that the stated condition precedent is true, depending on the context.
[0519] The foregoing description, for the purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the claims to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain principles of operation and practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the disclosure and the various embodiments.
Claims
1.A micro-LED array layer, comprising:a micro-LED array, each micro-LED of the micro-LED array being formed for bonding with a corresponding top pad of a top pad array in an integrated circuit backplane; anda bonding nano-structure layer comprising a plurality of bonding nano-structures formed at a bottom of the micro-LED array,wherein the micro-LED array comprises:a first type epitaxial layer;a light emitting layer formed on the first type epitaxial layer; anda second type epitaxial layer formed on the light emitting layer, the second type epitaxial layer comprising a top dome microlens array,wherein:for each micro-LED of the micro-LED array, at least one bonding nano-structure of a set of bonding nano-structures corresponding to the micro-LED is bonded with the corresponding top pad configured to bond with the micro-LED, andeach bonding nano-structure of the plurality of bonding nano-structures is bonded with at most one top pad of the top pad array.2.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 1, wherein the micro-LED array layer further comprises a top conductive layer formed on the second type epitaxial layer.3.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 2, wherein the top conductive layer is continuously formed on an entire top surface of the micro-LED array.4.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 1, wherein:the second type epitaxial layer further comprises an extension part, andeach top dome microlens of the top dome microlens array is extruded upward from the extension part, thereby forming trenches between adjacent top dome microlenses.5.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 4, wherein a top conductive layer is formed on top dome microlenses of the top dome microlens array and sidewalls and a bottom of the trenches.6.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 5, further comprising top contact pads formed on the top conductive layer between the adjacent top dome microlenses and on the bottom of the trenches.7.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 6, wherein a material of the top contact pads is selected from a group comprising Au, Cu, Al, Ti, TiN, TaN, Ni, Ag, Pd, and any combination thereof.8.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 1, wherein:a pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures is less than a width of each top pad, anda width of each bonding nano-structure is less than a half of the width of each top pad.9.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 1, wherein:a pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures is less than or equal to a half of a width of each top pad, anda width of each bonding nano-structure is less than a pitch between adjacent top pads.10.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 1, wherein a number of the set of bonding nano-structures corresponding to each micro-LED is more than 4.11.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of bonding nano-structures of the bonding nano-structure layer form an orderly bonding nano-structure array.12.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 11, wherein:the orderly bonding nano-structure array comprises first type rows and second type rows,first type row and second type row are alternately placed in a repeating pattern, andbonding nano-structures in each first type row and bonding nano-structures in each second type row are staggered.13.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 1, wherein:a pitch between adjacent bonding nano-structures is about 50 to about 100 nanometers;a pitch between adjacent top pads is about 1 micrometer; anda width of each top pad is about 200 nanometers.14.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 1, wherein:a material of the first type epitaxial layer is GaN, AlGaN, Al doped GaN, InGaN, or AlInGaN;a material of the second type epitaxial layer is GaN; andthe light emitting layer is a quantum well layer.15.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 1, wherein:a material of the first type epitaxial layer is AlInGaP, AlInP, GaP, or InGaP;a material of the second type epitaxial layer is AlInGaP, AlInP, GaP, or InGaP; andthe light emitting layer is a quantum well layer.16.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 1, wherein:the first type epitaxial layer is a P type semiconductor layer and the second type epitaxial layer is a N type semiconductor layer; orthe first type epitaxial layer is a N type semiconductor layer and the second type epitaxial layer is a P type semiconductor layer.17.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 2, wherein the top conductive layer is transparent, and a material of the top conductive layer is ITO, AZO, GZO, IGZO, ZnO, or any combination thereof.18.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 4, wherein a sidewall of a top dome microlens is perpendicular to or forming an obtuse angle or an acute angle with a bottom surface of an adjacent trench.19.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 1, wherein the bonding nano-structure layer is formed at a bottom surface of the first type epitaxial layer.20.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 1, wherein the bonding nano-structure layer further comprises a dielectric material filled between adjacent bonding nano-structures.21.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of contact structures formed between the micro-LED array and the bonding nano-structure layer, wherein each contact structure is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure.22.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 21, wherein a dielectric material is filled between adjacent contact structures and between adjacent bonding nano-structures.23.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 22, wherein the dielectric material is selected from a group comprising SiO2, SiN, SiON, TiO2, and any combination thereof..24.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 21, further comprising a plurality of nano-mirrors formed between the micro-LED array and the bonding nano-structure layer, wherein each nano-mirror is formed between a corresponding contact structure and a corresponding bonding nano-structure.25.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 24, wherein a material of the plurality of nano-mirrors is metal.26.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 25, wherein a DBR dielectric material is filled between adjacent contact structures, between adjacent nano-mirrors, and between adjacent bonding nano-structures.27.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 26, wherein the DBR dielectric material is formed by SiO2 / TiO2 dielectric pairs, SiO2 / Ta2O5 dielectric pairs, SiO2 / SiN dielectric pairs, or any combination thereof.28.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 1, wherein a material of the bonding nano-structures is selected from a group comprising Cu, Au, Al, Ti, TiN, TaN, Ni, Ag, Pd, and any combination thereof.29.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 5, wherein:the top conductive layer comprises openings formed on top of the bottom of the trenches, andthe micro-LED array layer further comprises Schottky contact pads formed in the openings on top of the extension part.30.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 29, wherein a material of the Schottky contact pads is selected from a group comprising Al, Ti, Ni, Pd, Pt, Au, and any combination thereof.31.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 1, wherein the second type epitaxial layer further comprises an etching stop layer formed at a bottom of the top dome microlens array.32.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 31, wherein a material of the etching stop layer is AlGaN, AlN, AlGaAs, AlInP, AlInGaP, AlP, or InGaP.33.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 1, wherein a width of the micro-LED array is about 1 millimeter to about 20 millimeters, and a thickness of the micro-LED array is about 1 micron to about 20 microns.34.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 1, wherein the first type epitaxial layer comprises:a first type epitaxial sub-layer with a first doping concentration; anda plurality of first type epitaxial structures with a second doping concentration, formed at a bottom of the first type epitaxial sub-layer,wherein:the first doping concentration is lower than the second doping concentration, andthe light emitting layer is formed on top of the first type epitaxial sub-layer.35.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 34, wherein each of the plurality of first type epitaxial structures is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure.36.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 35, further comprising a plurality of contact structures, wherein:each contact structure is formed between a first type epitaxial structure and a corresponding bonding nano-structure, anda dielectric material is filled between adjacent first type epitaxial structures, between adjacent contact structures, and between adjacent bonding nano-structures.37.The micro-LED array layer according to claim 35, further comprising a plurality of contact structures and a plurality of nano-mirrors, wherein:each nano-mirror is formed on top of a corresponding bonding nano-structure, each contact structure is formed on top of a corresponding nano-mirror, and each first type epitaxial structure is formed on top of a corresponding contact structure, anda DBR dielectric material is filled between adjacent first type epitaxial structures, between adjacent contact structures, between adjacent nano-mirrors, and between adjacent bonding nano-structures.38.A micro-LED display panel, comprising:an integrated circuit backplane comprising a top pad array;a micro-LED array that is formed on top of the integrated circuit backplane and is configured to be bonded with the integrated circuit backplane, each micro-LED of the micro-LED array being separately electrically controlled by the integrated circuit backplane; anda bonding nano-structure layer comprising a plurality of bonding nano-structures formed at a bottom of the micro-LED array, the plurality of bonding nano-structures configured to bond the micro-LED array with the integrated circuit backplane,wherein the micro-LED array comprises:a first type epitaxial layer;a light emitting layer formed on the first type epitaxial layer; anda second type epitaxial layer formed on the light emitting layer, the second type epitaxial layer comprising a top dome microlens array,wherein:each top pad of the top pad array of the integrated circuit backplane is formed for bonding with a corresponding micro-LED of the micro-LED array,for each micro-LED of the micro-LED array, at least one bonding nano-structure of a set of bonding nano-structures corresponding to the micro-LED is bonded with a corresponding top pad configured to bond with the micro-LED, andeach bonding nano-structure of the plurality of bonding nano-structures is bonded with at most one top pad of the top pad array.
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