Quality of service monitoring
By having UE report abandoned packets and PDU sets to the base station, accurate DL packet and PDU set loss rates are determined, addressing inaccuracies in existing QoS monitoring due to RLC retransmission avoidance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/138629
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-16
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communications systems inaccurately evaluate downlink (DL) packet loss and PDU set loss rates due to the RLC receiver acknowledging abandoned packets as successfully received, leading to inaccurate Layer 2 QoS performance measurements when unnecessary RLC retransmissions are avoided.
User Equipment (UE) determines and reports information about abandoned DL packets and PDU sets to the base station, enabling the base station to accurately calculate DL packet loss and PDU set loss rates.
Improves the accuracy of evaluating DL packet and PDU set loss rates by considering abandoned packets, thereby enhancing the reliability of Quality of Service (QoS) monitoring.
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Figure CN2024138629_16102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
QUALITY OF SERVICE MONITORINGTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to user equipment (UE) , base station and methods supporting Quality of Service (QoS) monitoring.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G)) .
[0003] An approach for avoiding unnecessary radio link control (RLC) retransmissions was agreed. In this approach, an RLC receiver can maintain a local timer that defines how long the RLC receiver needs to try to receive or recover a packet. The timer may be started when the RLC receiver delivers an RLC service data unit (SDU) out of order to a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer. If RLC status report triggers, the RLC receiver transmits a status report to an RLC transmitter. The status report comprises an acknowledgement (ACK) for those SDUs that are abandoned by the RLC receiver. The RLC receiver counts abandoned packets as successfully received. Therefore, downlink Layer 2 QoS performance measurement is not accurate since gNB as RLC transmitter counts abandoned packets as successfully received. Further, if application layer decoded per PDU set, the legacy packet level QoS performance based on packet level is not enough for Layer 2 performance evaluating.
[0004] There is a need to study how to evaluate a packet loss rate, PDU set loss rate, PDU set abandon rate, PDU set abandon number, packet delay, downlink (DL) throughput for a base station in the case where avoiding unnecessary RLC retransmission function is applied.SUMMARY
[0005] The present disclosure relates to UE, base station and methods supporting QoS monitoring. With the present disclosure, the base station may determine a DL packet loss rate based on the information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE, or the base station may determine a DL PDU set loss rate based on the information related to the at least one DL PDU set abandoned by the UE. Therefore, accuracy of evaluating the DL packet or PDU set loss rate may be improved. Some implementations of a UE described herein may include a processor and a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: determine at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE; and transmit, via the transceiver to a base station, information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE.
[0006] In some implementations, the information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE comprises at least one of the following: the number of the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE during a time period, or a DL packet abandon rate.
[0007] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: determine, at an RLC or packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the UE, the number of the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE during the time period.
[0008] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: determine, at the RLC or PDCP layer of the UE, the DL packet abandon rate based at least on the number of the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE during the time period.
[0009] In some implementations, the processor is configured to determine the DL packet abandon rate based on the following: the number of the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE during the time period, and a total number of DL packets which have been transmitted by the base station or which are available for transmission at the base station during the time period.
[0010] In some implementations, the processor is configured to transmit the information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE by transmitting the information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE for one of the following: a DRB, or a QoS flow, S-NSSAI, a PLMN ID or a BWP.
[0011] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive, from the base station, a configuration for transmitting the information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE. In some implementations, the processor is configured to transmit the information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE based on the configuration.
[0012] In some implementations, the configuration indicates that the information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE is to be transmitted for one of the following: a DRB, or a QoS flow, S-NSSAI, a PLMN ID or a BWP.
[0013] In some implementations, the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE comprises at least one IP PDU, one RLC SDU, at least one RLC protocol data unit (PDU) , at least one PDCP SDU or at least one PDCP PDU.
[0014] Some implementations of a UE described herein may include a processor and a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: determine at least one PDU set abandoned by the UE; and transmit, via the transceiver to a base station, information related to the at least one PDU set abandoned by the UE. For example, PDU set loss rate can be called PDU set error rate.
[0015] In some implementations, the information related to the at least one PDU set abandoned by the UE comprises at least one of the following: the number of the at least one PDU set abandoned by the UE during a time period, or a PDU set abandon rate.
[0016] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: determine the number of the at least one PDU set abandoned by the UE during the time period.
[0017] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: determine the PDU set abandon rate based at least on the number of the at least one PDU set abandoned by the UE during the time period.
[0018] In some implementations, the processor is configured to determine the PDU set abandon rate based on the following: the number of the at least one PDU set abandoned by the UE during the time period, and a total number of PDU sets which have been transmitted by the base station or which are available for transmission at the base station during the time period.
[0019] In some implementations, the processor is configured to transmit the information related to the at least one PDU set abandoned by the UE by transmitting the information related to the at least one PDU set abandoned by the UE for one of the following: a DRB, or a QoS flow, S-NSSAI, a PLMN ID or a BWP.
[0020] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive, from the base station, a configuration for transmitting the information related to the at least one PDU set abandoned by the UE. In some implementations, the processor is configured to transmit the information related to the at least one PDU set abandoned by the UE based on the configuration.
[0021] In some implementations, the configuration indicates that the information related to the at least one PDU set abandoned by the UE is to be transmitted for one of the following: a DRB, or a QoS flow, S-NSSAI, a PLMN ID or a BWP.
[0022] Some implementations of a UE described herein may include a processor and a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: determine a DL packet loss rate, DL or UL PDU set loss / abandon rate or a DL UE throughput on an air-interface; and transmit, via the transceiver to a base station or a core network (CN) or Operation Administration and Maintenance entity (OAM) , the DL packet loss rate, DL or UL PDU set loss / abandon rate or the DL UE throughput.
[0023] In some implementations, the processor is configured to determine the DL packet loss rate based on the following: the number of DL packets which have not been received successfully during a time period, and a total number of DL packets which have been transmitted by the base station or which are available for transmission at the base station during the time period.
[0024] In some implementations, the total number of DL packets which have been transmitted comprises the following: the number of DL packets which have not been received successfully during the time period, and the number of DL packets which have been received successfully during the time period.
[0025] In some implementations, the processor is configured to determine the DL UE throughput based on the following: a data volume of DL packets in a data burst which have been received successfully, and a time duration for receiving the data burst.
[0026] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: count the data volume on RLC SDU level or PDCP SDU level.
[0027] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: count the data volume per complete received PDU set. For example, if a PDU set is not completed received, the data volume of the packets in the PDU set are not counted as the successfully received data volume.
[0028] In some implementations, the DL packets comprise RLC SDUs or PDCP SDUs.
[0029] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive, from the base station, a configuration for transmitting the DL packet loss rate, DL or UL PDU set loss / abandon rate, or the DL UE throughput. In such implementations, the processor is configured to transmit the DL packet loss rate or the DL UE throughput based on the configuration.
[0030] In some implementations, the configuration indicates that the DL packet loss rate, DL or UL PDU set loss / abandon rate, or the DL UE throughput is to be transmitted for one of the following: a DRB, or a QoS flow, S-NSSAI, a PLMN ID or a BWP.
[0031] Some implementations of a base station described herein may include a processor and a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to:receive, via the transceiver from a UE, information related to at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE; and determine a DL packet loss rate based at least on the information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE.
[0032] In some implementations, the information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE comprises at least one of the following: the number of the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE during a time period, or a DL packet abandon rate.
[0033] In some implementations, the processor is configured to determine the DL packet loss rate based on the following: a sum of the number of DL packets which have not been positively acknowledged by the UE and the number of the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE during the time period, and the number of DL packets which have been positively acknowledged by the UE, In some implementations, the DL packets which have been positively acknowledged by the UE do not comprise the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE.
[0034] Some implementations of a base station described herein may include a processor and a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to:transmit, via the transceiver to a UE, a packet of a DRB of an RLC acknowledgement mode (AM) ; receive, via the transceiver from the UE, a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) for the packet; and determine the packet is positively acknowledged by the UE based on the HARQ ACK.
[0035] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to determine at least one of the following based on the packet: a DL packet loss rate, a DL UE throughput, or a delay DL air-interface.
[0036] Some implementations of a method described herein may include: determining at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE; and transmitting, to a base station, information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE.
[0037] Some implementations of a method described herein may include: determining a DL packet loss rate or a DL UE throughput on an air-interface; and transmitting, to a base station, the DL packet loss rate or the DL UE throughput.
[0038] Some implementations of a method described herein may include: receiving, from a UE, information related to at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE; and determining a DL packet loss rate based at least on the information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE.
[0039] Some implementations of a method described herein may include: transmitting, to a UE, a packet of a DRB of an RLC AM; receiving, from the UE, a HARQ ACK for the packet; and determining the packet is positively acknowledged by the UE based on the HARQ ACK.
[0040] Some implementations of a processor described herein may include at least one memory and a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to: determine at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE; and transmit, via a transceiver to a base station, information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE.
[0041] Some implementations of a processor described herein may include at least one memory and a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to: determine a DL packet loss rate or a DL UE throughput on an air-interface; and transmit, via the transceiver to a base station, the DL packet loss rate or the DL UE throughput.
[0042] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0043] Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports QoS monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0044] Fig. 2 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process that supports QoS monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0045] Fig. 3 illustrates an example of abandoning an RLC SDU in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0046] Fig. 4 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process that supports QoS monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0047] Fig. 5 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process that supports QoS monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0048] Fig. 6 illustrates an example of a device that supports QoS monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0049] Fig. 7 illustrates an example of a processor that supports QoS monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0050] Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11 illustrate a flowchart of a method that supports QoS monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0051] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0052] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0053] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0054] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0055] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0056] The statistical accuracy of an individual packet loss rate measurement result is dependent on how many packets have been received, and the time for the measurement. For the approach for avoiding unnecessary RLC retransmissions, the RLC receiver transmits the ACK for an abandoned RLC SDU to the RLC transmitter. A base station counts abandoned packets as successfully received when evaluating DL packer loss rate, average DL packet delay, average DL UE throughput. Therefore, the evaluating accuracy is impacted.
[0057] In view of the above, the present disclosure provides a solution that supports QoS monitoring. In this solution, a UE determines at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE. In turn, the UE transmits, to a base station, information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE. With this solution, the base station may determine a DL packet loss rate based on the information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE. Therefore, accuracy of evaluating the DL packer loss rate may be improved.
[0058] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.
[0059] Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports QoS monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one at least one of network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more terminal devices or UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wires communications system 100 may be a 6G network. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0060] The network entities 102 may be collectively referred to as network entities 102 or individually referred to as a network entity 102. Hereinafter, some implementations of the present disclosure will be described by taking a base station as an example of the network entity 102. Thus, the network entity 102 may be used interchangeably with the base station 102.
[0061] The network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station (BS) , a network element, a radio access network (RAN) node, a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , a base station that will be used in 6G, or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface. The network entities 102 may be collectively referred to as network entities 102 or individually referred to as a network entity 102.
[0062] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0063] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an internet-of-things (IoT) device, an internet-of-everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0064] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in Fig. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0065] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0066] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0067] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) (e.g., a near-real time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a non-real time RIC (Non-RT RIC)) , a service management and orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0068] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU)) .
[0069] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
[0070] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0071] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0072] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0073] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0074] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0075] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0076] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0077] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0078] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0079] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0080] Fig. 2 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 200 that supports QoS monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 200 may involve the UE 104 and the base station 102 in Fig. 1. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200 will be described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0081] As shown in Fig. 2, the UE 104 determines 210 at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE 104. Hereinafter, a DL packet abandoned by the UE 104 is also referred to as “an abandoned DL packet” for brevity.
[0082] In turn, the UE 104 transmits 220, to the base station 102, information related to the at least one abandoned DL packet.
[0083] In some implementations, the UE 104 may report to the base station 102, capability to support reporting the information related to the at least one abandoned DL packet.
[0084] In some implementations, the UE 104 may transmit, to the base station 102, the information related to the at least one abandoned DL packet via an RRC message, e.g., via a measurement report message.
[0085] Upon receiving the information related to the at least one abandoned DL packet, the base station 102 determines 230 a DL packet loss rate based at least on the information related to the at least one abandoned DL packet. Hereinafter, the DL packet loss rate is also referred to as “Packet Uu Loss Rate in the DL” or “Uu Packet Loss Rate in the DL” .
[0086] With the process 200, because the base station 102 determines the DL packet loss rate by considering the information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE 104, accuracy of evaluating the DL packer loss rate may be improved.
[0087] In the present disclosure, the term “discard” used at a transmitting device (such as the base station 102) may be used interchangeably with the term “abandon” used at a receiving device (such as the UE 104) . The term “obsolete” or “discarded” used at the transmitting device may be used interchangeably with the term “abandoned” used at the receiving device.
[0088] In some implementations, the UE 104 may determine the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet during a time period. The information related to the at least one abandoned DL packet may comprise the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet during a time period.
[0089] In some implementations, the UE 104 may determine, at an RLC layer of the UE 104, the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet during the time period. In other words, an RLC entity of the UE 104 may determine the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet during the time period. In some implementations, the RLC entity of the UE 104 may abandon an RLC packet upon expiry of an RLC timer. The abandoned RLC packet may be an RLC PDU or an RLC SDU. This will be described with reference to Fig. 3.
[0090] Fig. 3 illustrates an example of abandoning an RLC SDU in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In the example of Fig. 3, firstly, an RLC SDU with an SN#1 is received by the RLC entity of the UE 104. Thus, RX_Next is set to 2. RX_Next holds a value of an SN following the last in-sequence completely received RLC SDU, and it serves as the lower edge of a receiving window of the UE 104.
[0091] Then, an RLC SDU with an SN#4 is received by the RLC entity of the UE 104. SN#4 and SN#1 are out of order. Thus, the RLC SDU with the SN#4 is an RLC SDU out of order. When the RLC SDU out of order (i.e., the RLC SDU with the SN#4) is received by the RLC entity or when the RLC SDU with the SN#4 is delivered to a PDCP entity of the UE 104, the UE 104 starts an RLC timer. Upon expiry of the RLC timer, the RLC entity of the UE 104 may abandon the RLC SDU with the SN#4. Thus, the RLC entity of the UE 104 determines that the RLC SDU with the SN#4 is a DL packet abandoned by the UE 104.
[0092] Upon expiry of the RLC timer, if a status report is triggered, the UE 104 transmits the status report to the base station 102. The status report comprises an acknowledgement (ACK) for those service data units (SDUs) that are abandoned by the UE 104. For example, the status report comprises an ACK for the RLC SDU with the SN#4 abandoned by the UE 104. Upon reception of the status report, the base station 102 may determine the RLC SDU with the SN#4 is positively acknowledged by the UE 104. The base station 102 discards the RLC SDU with the SN#4 indicated as acknowledged and updates its transmission window.
[0093] Alternatively, or additionally, in some implementations, the UE 104 may determine, at a PDCP layer of the UE 104, the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet during the time period. In other words, a PDCP entity of the UE 104 may determine the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet during the time period. Alternatively, in some implementations, the PDCP entity of the UE 104 may abandon a PDCP packet upon expiry of a PDCP timer. The abandoned PDCP packet may be a PDCP PDU or a PDCP SDU.
[0094] Alternatively, or additionally, in some implementations, the UE 104 may determine the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet per PDU set during the time period. For example, the AS layer and the upper layer may exchange information about the abandon information of the packets. It may be up to UE implementation. For example, if a packet in one PDU set is not received successfully, the data of the PDU set is considered as not received successfully. For example, if a packet in one PDU set is abandoned, the data of the PDU set is considered as abandoned. For example, additionally when the DRB of the packet is configured as PDU set based abandoned, if a packet in one PDU set is not received successfully, the data of the PDU set is considered as not received successfully. For example, additionally when the QoS flow of the packet is configured with PDU Set Integrated Handling Information (PSIHI) , if a packet in one PDU set is not received successfully, the data of the PDU set is considered as not received successfully. PDU Set Integrated Handling Information (PSIHI) indicates whether all PDUs of the PDU Set are needed for the usage of PDU Set by application layer, as defined in TS 23.501.
[0095] In some implementations, the UE 104 may transmit the information related to the at least one abandoned DL packet for one of the following: a data radio bearer (DRB) , a QoS flow, single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI) , a public land mobile network (PLMN) identity (ID) or an active bandwidth part (BWP) .
[0096] In some implementations, the network may transmit, to the UE 104, a configuration for transmitting the information related to the at least one abandoned DL packet. For example, the base station 102 may transmit, to the UE 104, the configuration for transmitting the information related to the at least one abandoned DL packet by an RRC message. For example, the core network 106 may transmit, to the UE 104, the configuration for transmitting the information related to the at least one abandoned DL packet by an NAS message. The UE 104 may transmit the information related to the at least one abandoned DL packet based on the configuration.
[0097] In some implementations, the configuration for transmitting the information related to the at least one abandoned DL packet indicates that the information related to the at least one abandoned DL packet is to be transmitted for one of the following: a DRB, a QoS flow, S-NSSAI, a PLMN ID or an active BWP.
[0098] In some implementations, the configuration for transmitting the information related to the at least one abandoned DL packet may comprise a first configuration for transmitting the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet. The UE 104 may transmit the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet based on the first configuration.
[0099] In some implementations, if the first configuration indicates that the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet is to be transmitted for a DRB, the UE 104 may configure the PDCP layer or RLC layer or application layer to determine the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet for the DRB.
[0100] In some implementations, if the first configuration indicates that the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet is to be transmitted for a QoS flow, the UE 104 may configure the PDCP layer or RLC layer or application layer to determine the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet for the QoS flow.
[0101] In some implementations, if the first configuration comprises a periodicity, the UE 104 may transmit the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet to the base station 102 or core network periodically.
[0102] For example, if the first configuration indicates that the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet is to be transmitted for a DRB, if reportType is set to periodical, and if a measurement result including the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet is available, the UE 104 may initiate the measurement reporting procedure after a first measurement result is provided from lower layers of the associated DRB identity.
[0103] For example, if the first configuration indicates a threshold, the UE 104 may transmit the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet to the base station 102 or the core network 106 if the number during the time duration is equal to or larger than the threshold.
[0104] Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may transmit the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet to the base station 102 if the UE 104 receives a dynamical trigger command from the base station 102.
[0105] In some implementations, upon reception of the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet, the base station 102 may determine the DL packet loss rate based at least on the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet.
[0106] In some implementations, the base station 102 may determine the DL packet loss rate based on the following: - a sum of the number of DL packets which have not been positively acknowledged by the UE 104 and the number of DL packets, which have been abandoned but positively acknowledged DL packet during the time period, and - the number of DL packets which have been positively acknowledged by the UE 104, wherein the DL packets which have been positively acknowledged by the UE 104 do not comprise the at least one abandoned but positively acknowledged DL packet.
[0107] In some implementations, the base station 102 may determine, based at least on the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet, the DL packet loss rate per DRB per UE. One packet may correspond to one RLC SDU. The measurement is done separately per DRB.
[0108] For example, the base station 102 may determine the DL packet loss rate based on the following: where M (T, drbid) represents the DL packet loss rate, Dloss (T, drbid) represents the number of DL packets which have not been positively acknowledged by the UE 104, Abandon (T, drbid) represents the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet during the time period, N (T, drbid) represents the number of DL packets which have been positively acknowledged by the UE 104, wherein the DL packets which have been positively acknowledged by the UE 104 do not comprise the at least one abandoned DL packet. For example, the DL packets which have been positively acknowledged by the UE 104 do not comprise the RLC SDU with the SN#4 as described with reference to Fig. 3.
[0109] Table 1 gives parameter description for the DL packet loss rate per DRB per UE. For example, Table 1 gives parameter description for the DL packet loss rate determined based on an equation (1) as described above. For another example, Table 1 gives parameter description for a DL abandon rate determined based on an equation (2) which will be described later. Table 1
[0110] In some implementations, upon reception of the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet, the base station 102 may determine a DL packet abandon rate based at least on the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet.
[0111] In some implementations, the base station 102 may determine, based at least on the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet, the DL packet abandon rate per DRB per UE. One packet may correspond to one RLC SDU. The measurement is done separately per DRB.
[0112] For example, the base station 102 may determine the DL packet loss rate based on the following: where A (T, drbid) represents the DL packet abandon rate.
[0113] In some implementations, the base station 102 may determine, based at least on the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet, the DL packet abandon rate per QoS flow per UE. One packet may correspond to PDCP SDU, PDCP PDU, RLC PDU or RLC SDU. The measurement is done separately per QoS flow.
[0114] Alternatively or additionally, in some implementations, the information related to the at least one abandoned DL packet may comprise the DL packet abandon rate.
[0115] In some implementations, the UE 104 may determine, at the RLC or PDCP or application layer of the UE 104, the DL packet abandon rate based at least on the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet during the time period.
[0116] In some implementations, the UE 104 may determine the DL packet abandon rate based on the following: the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet during the time period, and a total number of DL packets which have been transmitted by the base station 102 or which are available for transmission at the base station 102 during the time period.
[0117] As described above, in some implementations, the UE 104 may determine the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet during a time period. In some implementations, the UE 104 may determine, at the RLC or PDCP layer or application layer of the UE 104, the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet for a DRB or a QoS flow during the time period. In other words, the RLC entity or PDCP entity or application entity of the UE 104 may determine the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet for a DRB or a QoS flow during the time period.
[0118] In some implementations, the RLC entity of the UE 104 may abandon an RLC packet upon expiry of an RLC timer. The abandoned RLC packet may be an RLC PDU or an RLC SDU. Alternatively, in some implementations, the PDCP entity of the UE 104 may abandon a PDCP packet upon expiry of a PDCP timer. The abandoned PDCP packet may be a PDCP PDU or a PDCP SDU.
[0119] In some implementations, the UE 104 may abandon all packet (s) belonging to a PDU set if at least one packet in the PDU set is abandoned. For example, one packet in a PDU set is not successfully received and abandoned, the other packets including successfully received or not in the PDU set is considered as abandoned packets. Additionally, the UE 104 may determine the successfully received DL packet as abandoned packets during a time period.
[0120] In some implementations, the configuration for transmitting the information related to the at least one abandoned DL packet may comprise a second configuration for transmitting the DL packet abandon rate. The UE 104 may transmit the DL packet abandon rate based on the second configuration.
[0121] In some implementations, if the second configuration indicates that the DL packet abandon rate is to be transmitted for a QoS flow, the UE 104 may configure to determine the DL packet abandon rate for the QoS flow. In turn, the UE 104 may transmit the DL packet abandon rate for the QoS flow.
[0122] In some implementations, if the second configuration indicates that the DL packet abandon rate is to be transmitted for a DRB, the UE 104 may configure the PDCP layer or RLC layer or application layer to determine the DL packet abandon rate for the DRB. In turn, the UE 104 may transmit the DL packet abandon rate for the DRB.
[0123] For example, the RLC entity of the UE 104 may abandon an RLC packet upon an RLC timer expires. The RLC packet may be an RLC PDU or an RLC SDU. The UE 104 may determine the DL packet abandon rate per DRB per UE at RLC layer based on the following:
[0124] In the equation (3) , A′ (T, drbid) represents the DL packet abandon rate, Dloss (T, drbid) represents the number of DL packets of a DRB, for which at least a part has been transmitted over the air but not received by UE the 104, and it was decided during time period T that no more transmission attempts will be done, wherein one packet corresponds to one RLC SDU. drbid defines the identity of the measured DRB. T represents the time period during which the measurement is performed. N′ (T, drbid) represents the number of DL packets of a DRB, which has been successfully received over the air during time period T. A sum of N′ (T, drbid) and Dloss (T, drbid) represents a total number of DL packets which have been transmitted by the base station 102 or which are available for transmission at the base station 102 during the time period T.
[0125] In some implementations, upon receiving the DL packet abandon rate, the base station 102 may determine the packet loss rate based on the packet abandon rate.
[0126] Alternatively or additionally, in some implementations, the information related to the at least one abandoned DL packet may comprise a status report. The status report comprises abandon information for the at least one abandoned DL packet. Upon receiving the status report, the base station 102 may determine the at least one abandoned DL packet based on the status report. The base station 102 may also determine the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet based on the status report. In turn, the base station 102 may determine the DL packet loss rate based at least on the number of the at least one abandoned DL packet.
[0127] In some implementations, the base station 102 may determine the DL packet loss rate per DRB per UE. Table 2 gives an example definition for DL packet loss rate (also referred to as “Packet Uu Loss Rate in the DL” or “Uu Packet Loss Rate in the DL” ) per DRB per UE. In other words, the base station 102 may determine the DL packet loss rate per DRB per UE (represented by M (T, drbid) ) based on Dloss (T, drbid) and N(T, drbid) as shown in Table 2. Table 2
[0128] In Table 2, Dloss (T, drbid) represents a sum of (the number of DL packets of a data radio bearer, for which at least a part has been transmitted over the air but not positively acknowledged) and (the number of DL packets of the data radio bearer, for which at least a part has been transmitted over the air but abandoned by UE and positively acknowledged by the UE 104) , and Dloss (T, drbid) was decided during time period T that no more transmission attempts will be done. Wherein one packet corresponds to one RLC SDU, drbid defines the identity of the measured DRB. Wherein T represents the time period during which the measurement is performed.
[0129] In Table 2, N (T, drbid) represents the number of DL packets of a data radio bearer, which has been transmitted over the air and positively acknowledged (and which may be not abandoned by the UE 104) during time period T.
[0130] Table 3 gives parameter description for the Packet Uu Loss Rate in the DL per DRB per UE. For example, Table 3 gives parameter description for the DL packet loss rate determined based on the equation in Table 2 as described above. Table 3
[0131] In some implementations, the packet loss is expected to be upper bounded by the packet error rate (PER, as defined in TS 23.501) of the DRB which takes values between 10-6 and 10-2.
[0132] In some implementations, the base station 102 may determine the DL packet loss rate with delay threshold when measuring the DL packets loss including any packets not successfully transmitted or packets successfully received but delayed more than a delay threshold at Uu transmission. Table 4 gives parameter description for the Packet Uu Loss Rate with delay threshold in the DL per DRB per UE. In other words, the base station 102 may determine the DL packet loss rate with delay threshold per DRB per UE (represented by M_dt (T, drbid) ) based on Dloss (T, drbid) , Dexd (T, drbid) and N (T, drbid) as shown in Table 4. Table 4
[0133] In Table 4, Dloss (T, drbid) represents a sum of (the number of DL packets, of a data radio bearer with DRB Identity = drbid, for which at least a part has been transmitted over the air but not positively acknowledged) and (the number of DL packets, of a data radio bearer with DRB Identity = drbid, for which at least a part has been transmitted over the air but abandoned by the UE 104 and positively acknowledged by the UE 104 and the DL delay of the RLC SDU is not more than corresponding delay threshold) , and Dloss (T, drbid) was decided during time period T that no more transmission attempts will be done. Wherein one packet corresponds to one RLC SDU, drbid defines the identity of the measured DRB. Wherein T represents the time period during which the measurement is performed.
[0134] In other words, the abandoned DL packets of the DRB, for which at least a part has been transmitted over the air and positively acknowledged and the DL delay of the RLC SDU is not more than corresponding delay threshold is not considered as positively acknowledged.
[0135] For example, as described with reference to Fig. 3, the status report comprises an ACK for the RLC SDU with the SN#4 abandoned by the UE 104. Upon reception of the status report, the base station 102 may not consider the abandoned RLC SDU with the SN#4 is positively acknowledged by the UE 104 even if the DL delay of the RLC SDU is not more than corresponding delay threshold.
[0136] In Table 4, N (T, drbid) represents the number of DL packets, of a data radio bearer with DRB Identity = drbid, which has been transmitted over the air and positively acknowledged (and which may be not abandoned by the UE 104) and delayed not more than the corresponding delay threshold during time period T.
[0137] In Table 4, Dexd (T, drbid) represents the number of DL packets, of a data radio bearer with DRB Identity = drbid, for which is transmitted over air interface and positively acknowledged (and which may be not abandoned by the UE 104) but the DL delay of the RLC SDU is more than corresponding delay threshold during time period T.
[0138] In some implementations, the packet Uu loss rate with delay threshold may be used when the resource type of corresponding QoS Flow is Delay-critical GBR. It is expected to be upper bounded by the PER (as defined in TS 23.501) of the DRB which takes values between 10-6 and 10-2. Delay threshold of this measurement can be determined by network implementation (e.g. configured by Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) ) . The granularity for packet loss rate measurement with delay threshold may be per DRB per UE.
[0139] Table 5 gives parameter description for the Packet Uu Loss Rate with delay threshold in the DL per DRB per UE. For example, Table 5 gives parameter description for the DL packet loss rate determined based on the equation in Table 4 as described above. Table 5
[0140] Fig. 4 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 400 that supports QoS monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 400 may involve the UE 104 and the base station 102 in Fig. 1. For the purpose of discussion, the process 400 will be described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0141] As shown in Fig. 4, the UE 104 determines 410 a DL packet loss rate or a DL UE throughput on an air-interface.
[0142] In turn, the UE 104 transmits 420, to the base station 102, the DL packet loss rate or the DL UE throughput.
[0143] Hereinafter, some implementations of determining and transmitting the DL packet loss rate will be described.
[0144] Alternatively, or additionally, in some implementations, the objective of this measurement of the DL packet loss rate is to measure loss packets including abandoned packets by the UE 104. For example, the UE 104 may abandon a packet in RLC layer or PDCP layer or application layer.
[0145] In some implementations, the objective of this measurement of the DL packet loss rate is to measure loss packets including abandoned packets by the RLC layer of the UE 104. For example, the RLC entity of the UE 104 may abandon an RLC packet upon expiry of an RLC timer. The abandoned RLC packet may be an RLC PDU or an RLC SDU. Then, the UE 104 transmits an acknowledge for the RLC packet in an RLC status report to the base station 102, and the base station 102 cannot identify whether the RLC packet is successfully received by the UE 104. With the process 400, the UE 104 can identify that the abandoned RLC packet is not successfully received and determine the DL packet loss rate by considering the abandoned RLC packet. In this way, accuracy of evaluating the DL packer loss rate may be improved.
[0146] In some implementations, the RLC entity of the UE 104 may abandon an RLC packet upon expiry of an RLC timer. The abandoned RLC packet may be an RLC PDU or an RLC SDU. In turn, the UE 104 may determine the DL packet loss rate by considering the abandoned RLC packet as not successfully received by the UE 104.
[0147] Alternatively, or additionally, in some implementations, the PDCP entity of the UE 104 may abandon a PDCP packet upon expiry of a PDCP timer. The abandoned PDCP packet may be a PDCP PDU or a PDCP SDU. In turn, the UE 104 may determine the DL packet loss rate by considering the abandoned PDCP packet as not successfully received by the UE 104. In some implementations, the UE 104 may determine the DL packet loss rate based on the following: ‐ the number of DL packets which have not been received successfully during a time period, and ‐ a total number of DL packets which have been transmitted by the base station 102 or which are available for transmission at the base station 102 during the time period.
[0148] In some implementations, the total number of DL packets which have been transmitted may comprise the following: the number of DL packets which have not been received successfully during the time period, and the number of DL packets which have been received successfully during the time period.
[0149] In some implementations, the UE 104 may determine the DL packet loss rate for a DRB. For example, the UE 104 may determine the DL packet loss rate per DRB per UE at RLC layer based on the following:
[0150] In the equation (4) , M′ (T, drbid) represents the DL packet loss rate per DRB per UE. One packet corresponds to one RLC SDU. The measurement is done separately per DRB.
[0151] In the equation (4) , Dloss′ (T, drbid) represents the number of DL packets of a data radio bearer, for which at least a part has been transmitted over the air but not received successfully by the UE 104, and it was decided during time period T that no more transmission attempts will be done. Wherein one packet corresponds to one RLC SDU, drbid defines the identity of the measured DRB. Wherein T represents the time period during which the measurement is performed.
[0152] In the equation (4) , N′ (T, drbid) represents the number of DL packets of a data radio bearer, which has been successfully received over the air during time period T. A sum of N′ (T, drbid) and Dloss′ (T, drbid) represents the total number of DL packets which have been transmitted by the base station 102 or which are available for transmission at the base station 102.
[0153] Alternatively, in some implementations, the UE 104 may determine the DL packet loss rate for one of the following: a QoS flow, S-NSSAI, a PLMN ID or a BWP.
[0154] In some implementations, the UE 104 may transmit the DL packet loss rate for one of the following: a DRB, a QoS flow, S-NSSAI, a PLMN ID or a BWP.
[0155] Alternatively, or additionally, in some implementations, the UE 104 may abandon all packets in a PDU set if at least one packet in the PDU set is abandoned by the UE 104.
[0156] Alternatively, or additionally, in some implementations, the UE 104 counts all packets in a PDU set as abandoned if at least one packet in the PDU set is abandoned by the UE 104.
[0157] Alternatively, in some implementations, in the equation (4) , Dloss′ (T, drbid) represents the sum of the number of DL packets of a data radio bearer, for which at least a part has been transmitted over the air but not received successfully by the UE 104, and the number of DL packets of the data radio bearer, for which the RLC SDU has been received but abandoned.
[0158] Alternatively, in some implementations, in the equation (4) , N′ (T, drbid) represents the number of DL packets of a data radio bearer, which has been successfully received over the air and not abandoned during time period T. A sum of N′ (T, drbid) and Dloss′ (T, drbid) represents the total number of DL packets which have been transmitted by the base station 102 or which are available for transmission at the base station 102.
[0159] In some implementations, the base station 102 may transmit, to the UE 104, a third configuration for transmitting the DL packet loss rate. For example, the base station 102 may transmit, to the UE 104, the third configuration for transmitting DL packet loss rate by an RRC message. The UE 104 may transmit the DL packet loss rate based on the third configuration.
[0160] In some implementations, the third configuration for transmitting the DL packet loss rate indicates that the DL packet loss rate is to be transmitted for one of the following: a DRB, a QoS flow, S-NSSAI, a PLMN ID or an active BWP.
[0161] In some implementations, if the third configuration indicates that the DL packet loss rate is to be transmitted for a DRB, the UE 104 may configure the PDCP layer or RLC layer to determine the DL packet loss rate for the DRB.
[0162] In some implementations, if the third configuration indicates that the DL packet loss rate is to be transmitted for a QoS flow, the UE 104 may configure the PDCP layer or RLC layer or application layer to determine the DL packet loss rate for the QoS flow.
[0163] In some implementations, if the third configuration comprises a periodicity, the UE 104 may transmit the DL packet loss rate to the base station 102 periodically.
[0164] For example, if the third configuration indicates that the DL packet loss rate is to be transmitted for a DRB, if reportType is set to periodical, and if a measurement result including the DL packet loss rate is available, the UE 104 may initiate the measurement reporting procedure after a first measurement result is provided from lower layers of the associated DRB identity.
[0165] For example, if the third configuration indicates a threshold, the UE 104 may transmit the DL packet loss rate to the base station 102 if the number during the time duration is equal to or larger than the threshold.
[0166] Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may transmit the DL packet loss rate to the base station 102 if the UE 104 receives a dynamical trigger command from the base station 102.
[0167] Hereinafter, some implementations of determining and transmitting the DL PDU set abandon rate or DL PDU set abandon number will be described.
[0168] In Some implementations, the UE 104 determine at least one DL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104; and transmit, via the transceiver to a base station, information related to the at least one DL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104. For example, if a packet in one PDU set is not received successfully, and the PDU set is considered as not successfully received. For example, if a packet in one PDU set is not received successfully and abandoned, the PDU set is considered as abandoned. The UE 104 can abandon a packet at least in RLC layer or PDCP layer or application. In other saying, if a packet in one PDU set is not transmitted successfully, the PDU set is considered as not successfully transmitted. For example, additionally when the DRB of the packet is configured as PDU set based abandoned, if a packet in one PDU set is not received successfully, the PDU set is considered as not received successfully.
[0169] In some implementations, the information related to the at least one DL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104 comprises at least one of the following: the number of the at least one DL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104 during a time period, or a DL PDU set abandon rate.
[0170] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: determine the number of the at least one DL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104 during the time period.
[0171] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: determine the DL PDU set abandon rate based at least on the number of the at least one DL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104 during the time period.
[0172] In some implementations, the processor is configured to determine the DL PDU set abandon rate based on the following: the number of the at least one DL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104 during the time period, and a total number of DL PDU sets which have been transmitted by the base station or which are available for transmission at the base station 102 during the time period.
[0173] In some implementations, the processor is configured to transmit the information related to the at least one DL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104 by transmitting the information related to the at least one DL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104 for one of the following: a DRB, or a QoS flow, S-NSSAI, a PLMN ID or a BWP.
[0174] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive, from network, a configuration for transmitting the information related to the at least one DL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104. In some implementations, the processor is configured to transmit the information related to the at least one DL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104 based on the configuration.
[0175] In some implementations, the configuration indicates that the information related to the at least one DL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104 is to be transmitted for one of the following: a DRB, or a QoS flow, S-NSSAI, a PLMN ID or a BWP.
[0176] In some implementations, the at least one DL PDU Set abandoned by the UE 104 presents at least one packet in a PDU Set is abandoned. PDU Set is defined as one or more PDUs carrying the payload of one unit of information generated at the application level (e.g. frame (s) or video slice (s) for XR Services) , as defined in TS 23.501.
[0177] Hereinafter, some implementations of determining and transmitting the DL PDU set error rate will be described.
[0178] In Some implementations, the UE 104 determine at least one DL PDU set not successfully received by the UE 104; and transmit, via the transceiver to a base station, DL PDU set error rate by the UE 104. For example, DL PDU set loss rate can be called DL PDU set error rate. For example, if a packet in one PDU set is not received successfully, and the PDU set is considered as not successfully received. The UE 104 can abandon a packet at least in RLC layer or PDCP layer or application. In other saying, if a packet in one PDU set is not transmitted successfully, the PDU set is considered as not successfully transmitted. For example, additionally when the DRB of the packet is configured as PDU set based abandoned, if a packet in one PDU set is not received successfully, the PDU set is considered as not received successfully.
[0179] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: determine the DL PDU set error rate based at least on the number of the at least one DL PDU set successfully received by the UE 104 during the time period and a total number of DL PDU sets which have been transmitted by the base station 102 or which are available for transmission at the base station 102 during the time period.
[0180] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive, from network, a configuration for transmitting DL PDU set error rate by the UE 104. In some implementations, the processor is configured to transmit the DL PDU set error rate by the UE 104 based on the configuration.
[0181] In some implementations, the configuration indicates that the information related to DL PDU set error rate by the UE 104 is to be transmitted for one of the following: a DRB, or a QoS flow, S-NSSAI, a PLMN ID or a BWP.
[0182] In some implementations, the UE 104 may transmit the DL PDU set eror rate for one of the following: a DRB, a QoS flow, S-NSSAI, a PLMN ID or a BWP.
[0183] Hereinafter, some implementations of determining and transmitting the UL PDU set abandon rate or UL PDU set abandon number or UL PDU set error rate will be described.
[0184] In Some implementations: the UE 104 determines at least one UL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104; and transmits, via the transceiver to a base station, information related to the at least one UL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104. For example, UL PDU set abandon number defines the number of the not successfully transmitted PDU sets and the number of not transmitted PDU sets. For example, UL PDU set abandon number defines the number of the not transmitted PDU sets (e.g., all data in the PDU set has not been transmitted and abandoned) . For example, UL PDU set abandon number defines the number of the not successfully transmitted PDU sets (e.g., some of data in the PDU set has transmitted) and not transmitted PDU sets (e.g., all data in the PDU set has not been transmitted and abandoned) . For example, UL PDU set abandon rate defines the number of the not successfully transmitted PDU sets divide the number of total transmitted PDU sets. For example, UL PDU set abandon rate defines the number of the not successfully transmitted PDU sets and the number of not transmitted PDU sets divide the number of total transmitted PDU sets available for transmission. For example, UL PDU set abandon rate defines the number of the not transmitted PDU sets (e.g., all data in the PDU set has not been transmitted and abandoned) divide the number of total PDU sets available for transmission. For example, UL PDU set abandon rate defines the number of the not successfully transmitted PDU sets (e.g., some of data in the PDU set has transmitted) and not transmitted PDU sets (e.g., all data in the PDU set has not been transmitted and abandoned) divide the number of total transmitted PDU sets available for transmission.
[0185] In Some implementations: the UE 104 determines at least one UL PDU set error rate by the UE 104; and transmits, via the transceiver to a base station, the UL PDU set error rate by the UE 104. For example, UL PDU set error rate defines the number of the not successfully transmitted PDU sets divide the number of total transmitted PDU sets. For example, UL PDU set error rate defines the number of the not successfully transmitted divide the number of total PDU sets available for transmission. For example, UL PDU set error rate defines the number of the not successfully transmitted PDU sets (e.g., part of which have been transmitted) and the number of not transmitted PDU sets (all data have not been transitted) divide the number of total transmitted PDU sets available for transmission.
[0186] For example, if a packet in one UL PDU set is abandoned and not transmitted, the PDU set is considered as abandoned. For example, the UE 104 can abandon a packet at least in RLC layer or PDCP layer. For example, additionally when the DRB of the packet is configured as PDU set based abandoned, if a packet in one PDU set is not transmitted successfully and abandoned, the PDU set is considered as abandoned.
[0187] In some implementations, the information related to the at least one UL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104 comprises at least one of the following: the number of the at least one UL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104 during a time period, or a UL PDU set abandon rate.
[0188] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: determine the number of the at least one UL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104 during the time period. For example, part of the at least one UL PDU set has not been transmitted. For example, part of the at least one UL PDU set has been transmitted but not successfully transmitted and abandoned.
[0189] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: determine the UL PDU set abandon rate based at least on the number of the at least one UL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104 during the time period.
[0190] In some implementations, the processor is configured to determine the UL PDU set abandon rate based on the following: the number of the at least one UL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104 during the time period, and a total number of UL PDU sets which have been transmitted by the UE 104 or which are available for transmission at the UE 104 during the time period.
[0191] In some implementations, the processor is configured to transmit the information related to the at least one UL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104 by transmitting the information related to the at least one UL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104 for one of the following: a DRB, or a QoS flow, S-NSSAI, a PLMN ID or a BWP.
[0192] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive, from network, a configuration for transmitting the information related to the at least one UL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104. In some implementations, the processor is configured to transmit the information related to the at least one UL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104 based on the configuration.
[0193] In some implementations, the configuration indicates that the information related to the at least one UL PDU set abandoned by the UE 104 is to be transmitted for one of the following: a DRB, or a QoS flow, S-NSSAI, a PLMN ID or a BWP.
[0194] In some implementations, the at least one UL PDU Set abandoned by the UE 104 presents at least one packet in a PDU Set is abandoned. PDU Set is defined as one or more PDUs carrying the payload of one unit of information generated at the application level (e.g. frame (s) or video slice (s) for XR Services) , as defined in TS 23.501.
[0195] In some implementations, no more transmission or reception attempts will be done for the abandoned packets.
[0196] Hereinafter, some implementations of determining and transmitting the DL UE throughput will be described.
[0197] In some implementations, the UE 104 may determine the DL UE throughput based on the following: a data volume of DL packets in a data burst which have been received successfully, and a time duration for receiving the data burst. Hereinafter, the data volume is represented by “ThpVolDl” , and the time duration is represented by “ThpTimeDl” . Thus, the UE 104 may determine the DL UE throughput based on “ThpVolDl” and “ThpTimeDl” .
[0198] In some implementations, the UE 104 may count the data volume (ThpVolDl) on RLC SDU level or PDCP SDU level. In other words, the UE 104 may determine ThpVolDl based on RLC level volume or PDCP level volume of the data burst. For example, a sample for ThpVolDl is the data volume counted on RLC SDU level or PDCP SDU level in kbit received in DL for one DRB during a sample of ThpTimeDl.
[0199] In some implementations, the UE 104 may determine ThpTimeDl based on the time to receive the data burst. For example, the UE 104 may determine ThpTimeDl based on the following: ThpTimeDl=T1-T2 [ms] .
[0200] In some implementations, the UE 104 may determine the DL UE throughput for a DRB. Table 6 gives parameter description for the DL UE throughput for DRB. Table 6
[0201] Alternatively, in some implementations, the UE 104 may determine the DL UE throughput for one of the following: a QoS flow, S-NSSAI, a PLMN ID or a BWP. In some implementations, the UE 104 may transmit the DL UE throughput for one of the following: a DRB, a QoS flow, S-NSSAI, a PLMN ID or a BWP.
[0202] In some implementations, the base station 102 may transmit, to the UE 104, a fourth configuration for transmitting the DL UE throughput. For example, the base station 102 may transmit, to the UE 104, the fourth configuration for transmitting DL UE throughput by an RRC message. The UE 104 may transmit the DL UE throughput based on the fourth configuration.
[0203] In some implementations, the fourth configuration for transmitting the DL UE throughput indicates that the DL UE throughput is to be transmitted for one of the following: a DRB, a QoS flow, S-NSSAI, a PLMN ID or an active BWP.
[0204] In some implementations, if the fourth configuration indicates that the DL UE throughput is to be transmitted for a DRB, the UE 104 may configure the PDCP layer or RLC layer to determine the DL UE throughput for the DRB.
[0205] In some implementations, if the fourth configuration indicates that the DL UE throughput is to be transmitted for a QoS flow, the UE 104 may configure the PDCP layer or RLC layer to determine the DL UE throughput for the QoS flow.
[0206] In some implementations, if the fourth configuration comprises a periodicity, the UE 104 may transmit the DL UE throughput to the base station 102 periodically.
[0207] For example, if the fourth configuration indicates that the DL UE throughput is to be transmitted for a DRB, if reportType is set to periodical, and if a measurement result including the DL UE throughput is available, the UE 104 may initiate the measurement reporting procedure after a first measurement result is provided from lower layers of the associated DRB identity.
[0208] For example, if the fourth configuration indicates a threshold, the UE 104 may transmit the DL UE throughput to the base station 102 if the number during the time duration is equal to or larger than the threshold.
[0209] Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may transmit the DL UE throughput to the base station 102 if the UE 104 receives a dynamical trigger command from the base station 102.
[0210] Fig. 5 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 500 that supports QoS monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 500 may involve the UE 104 and the base station 102 in Fig. 1. For the purpose of discussion, the process 500 will be described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0211] As shown in Fig. 5, the base station 102 transmits 510, to the UE 104, a packet of a DRB of an RLC AM.
[0212] Then, the base station 102 receives 520, from the UE 104, a HARQ ACK for the packet.
[0213] In turn, the base station 102 determines 530 the packet is positively acknowledged by the UE 104 based on the HARQ ACK.
[0214] With the process 500, the base station 102 determines the packet is positively acknowledged by the UE 104 based on the HARQ ACK instead of the RLC Acknowledge in the RLC status report.
[0215] In some implementations, the base station 102 may determine at least one of the following based on the packet: a DL packet loss rate, a DL UE throughput, or a delay DL air-interface.
[0216] Fig. 6 illustrates an example of a device 600 that supports QoS monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 600 may be an example of a network entity 102 or a UE 104 as described herein. The device 600 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 600 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 602, a memory 604, a transceiver 606, and, optionally, an I / O controller 608. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0217] The processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0218] In some implementations, the processor 602, the memory 604, the transceiver 606, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 602 and the memory 604 coupled with the processor 602 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 602, instructions stored in the memory 604) .
[0219] For example, the processor 602 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: determining at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE; and transmitting, to a base station, information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE.
[0220] Alternatively, the processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: determining a DL packet loss rate or a DL UE throughput on an air-interface; and transmitting, to a base station, the DL packet loss rate or the DL UE throughput.
[0221] Alternatively, the processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving, from a UE, information related to at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE; and determining a DL packet loss rate based at least on the information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE.
[0222] Alternatively, the processor 602 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: transmitting, to a UE, a packet of a DRB of an RLC AM; receiving, from the UE, a HARQ ACK for the packet; and determining the packet is positively acknowledged by the UE based on the HARQ ACK.
[0223] The processor 602 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 602 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 602. The processor 602 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 604) to cause the device 600 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0224] The memory 604 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 604 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 602 cause the device 600 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 602 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 604 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0225] The I / O controller 608 may manage input and output signals for the device 600. The I / O controller 608 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 608 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 606. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 600 via the I / O controller 608 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 608.
[0226] In some implementations, the device 600 may include a single antenna 610. However, in some other implementations, the device 600 may have more than one antenna 610 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 606 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 610, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 606 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 606 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 610 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 610. The transceiver 606 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0227] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 610 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0228] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 610 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0229] Fig. 7 illustrates an example of a processor 700 that supports QoS monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 700 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may include a controller 702 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 700 may optionally include at least one memory 704, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 700 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 706. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0230] The processor 700 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0231] The controller 702 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 702 may operate as a control unit of the processor 700, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 700. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0232] The controller 702 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 704 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 702 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 704. The controller 702 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 702 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 700 to cause the processor 700 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 702 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 700. The controller 702 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 700.
[0233] The memory 704 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 700 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 704 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the memory 704 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 700) .
[0234] The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 700, cause the processor 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 702 and / or the processor 700 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 704 to cause the processor 700 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 700 and / or the controller 702 may be coupled with or to the memory 704, the processor 700, the controller 702, and the memory 704 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 700 may include multiple processors and the memory 704 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0235] The one or more ALUs 706 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 706 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 700) . One or more ALUs 706 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 706 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 706 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 706 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 706 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0236] The processor 700 may support wireless communication at the device 600 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 700 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: determining at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE; and transmitting, to a base station, information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE.
[0237] Alternatively, the processor 700 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: determining a DL packet loss rate or a DL UE throughput on an air-interface; and transmitting, to a base station, the DL packet loss rate or the DL UE throughput.
[0238] Alternatively, the processor 700 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving, from a UE, information related to at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE; and determining a DL packet loss rate based at least on the information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE.
[0239] Alternatively, the processor 700 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: transmitting, to a UE, a packet of a DRB of an RLC AM; receiving, from the UE, a HARQ ACK for the packet; and determining the packet is positively acknowledged by the UE based on the HARQ ACK.
[0240] Fig. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 that supports QoS monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by the UE 104 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0241] At 810, the method may include determining at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE. The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0242] At 820, the method may include transmitting, to a base station, information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE. The operations of 820 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 820 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0243] Fig. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 that supports QoS monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by the UE 104 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0244] At 910, the method may include determining a DL packet loss rate or a DL UE throughput on an air-interface. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0245] At 920, the method may include transmitting, to a base station, the DL packet loss rate or the DL UE throughput. The operations of 920 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 920 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0246] Fig. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1000 that supports QoS monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by the base station 102 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0247] At 1010, the method may include receiving, from a UE, information related to at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0248] At 1020, the method may include determining a DL packet loss rate based at least on the information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE. The operations of 1020 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1020 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0249] Fig. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1100 that supports QoS monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by the base station 102 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0250] At 1110, the method may include transmitting, to a UE, a packet of a DRB of an RLC AM. The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0251] At 1120, the method may include receiving, from the UE, a HARQ ACK for the packet. The operations of 1120 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1120 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0252] At 1130, the method may include determining the packet is positively acknowledged by the UE based on the HARQ ACK. The operations of 1130 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1130 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1.
[0253] It shall be noted that implementations of the present disclosure which have been described with reference to Figs. 1 to 5 are also applicable to the device 600, the processor 700 as well as the methods 800, 900, 1000 and 1100.
[0254] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0255] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0256] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0257] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0258] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0259] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:transmit, via the transceiver to a base station, information related to at least one packet or at least one protocol data unit (PDU) set abandoned by the UE.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:determine at least one packet or at least one PDU set abandoned by the UE.3.The UE of claim 1, wherein the information related to the at least one PDU set abandoned by the UE comprises at least one of the following:the number of the at least one PDU set abandoned by the UE during a time period, ora PDU set abandon rate.4.The UE of claim 1, wherein the information related to the at least one packet abandoned by the UE comprises at least one of the following:the number of at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE during a time period, ora downlink (DL) packet abandon rate.5.The UE of claim 2 or 4, wherein the processor is further configured to:determine, at a radio link control (RLC) or packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the UE, the number of the at least one DL packet or the at least one PDU set abandoned by the UE during the time period.6.The UE of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to:determine, at the RLC or PDCP layer of the UE, the DL packet abandon rate based at least on the number of the at least one DL packet or the at least one PDU set abandoned by the UE during the time period, ordetermine, at the RLC or PDCP layer of the UE, the PDU set abandon rate based at least on the number of the at least one PDU set abandoned by the UE during the time period.7.The UE of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to determine the DL PDU set abandon rate based on the following:the number of the at least one DL PDU set abandoned by the UE during the time period, anda total number of DL PDU sets which have been transmitted by the base station or which are available for transmission at the base station during the time period.8.The UE of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to determine the UL PDU set abandon rate based on the following:the number of the at least one UL PDU set abandoned by the UE during the time period, anda total number of UL PDU sets which have been transmitted by the UE or which are available for transmission at UE during the time period.9.The UE of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to determine the DL packet abandon rate based on the following:the number of the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE during the time period, anda total number of DL packets which have been transmitted by the base station or which are available for transmission at the base station during the time period.10.The UE of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the information related to the at least one DL packet or PDU set abandoned by the UE by:transmitting the information related to the at least one DL packet or PDU set abandoned by the UE for one of the following:a data radio bearer (DRB) , ora Quality of Service (QoS) flow.11.The UE of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive, via the transceiver from the base station, a configuration for transmitting the information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE; andwherein the processor is configured to transmit the information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE based on the configuration.12.The UE of claim 11, wherein the configuration indicates that the information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE is to be transmitted for one of the following:a data radio bearer (DRB) , ora Quality of Service (QoS) flow.13.The UE of claim 1, wherein the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE comprises at least one radio link control (RLC) service data unit (SDU) , at least one RLC protocol data unit (PDU) , at least one packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) SDU or at least one PDCP PDU.14.A base station, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:transmit, via the transceiver to a user equipment (UE) , a configuration for transmitting information related to a downlink (DL) packet loss rate or a DL UE throughput or protocol data unit (PDU) set error rate; andreceive, via the transceiver from the UE, the information related to the DL packet loss rate or the DL UE throughput or PDU set error rate.15.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:determine a downlink (DL) packet loss rate or a DL UE throughput or a protocol data unit (PDU) set error rate on an air-interface; andtransmit, via the transceiver to a base station, the DL packet loss rate or the DL UE throughput or PDU set error rate.16.The UE of claim 15, wherein the processor is configured to determine DL PDU set error rate based on the following:the number of DL PDU sets which have not been received successfully during a time period, anda total number of DL PDU sets which have been transmitted by the base station or which are available for transmission at the base station during the time period.17.The UE of claim 15, wherein the processor is configured to determine UL PDU set error rate based on the following:the number of UL PDU sets which have not been transmitted successfully during a time period, anda total number of UL PDU sets which have been transmitted by the UE or which are available for transmission at the UE during the time period.18.The UE of claim 15, wherein the processor is configured to determine the DL packet loss rate based on the following:the number of DL packets which have not been received successfully during a time period, anda total number of DL packets which have been transmitted by the base station during the time period.19.A base station, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:transmit, via the transceiver to a user equipment (UE) , a configuration for transmitting information related to at least one downlink (DL) packet or at least one protocol data unit (PDU) set abandoned by the UE; andreceive, via the transceiver from the UE, the information related to at least one DL packet or at least one PDU set abandoned by the UE.20.The base station of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:determine a DL packet loss rate based at least on the information related to the at least one DL packet abandoned by the UE, ordetermine a PDU set error rate based at least on the information related to the at least one packet abandoned by the UE.
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