Multifunctional molecules targeting CD24
Multispecific antibodies targeting CD24 and immune checkpoint proteins improve cancer treatment and immune response by enhancing phagocytosis and modulating immune pathways.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/089494
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-04-17
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-23
AI Technical Summary
Current therapies lack effective multispecific antibodies targeting CD24 and immune checkpoint proteins for treating cancers and infectious diseases.
Development of multispecific antibodies comprising a CD24 binding moiety and a second antigen-binding moiety that targets immune checkpoint proteins, such as PD-L1 or CD47, to enhance immune response against cancer cells and infectious agents.
Enhances phagocytosis of cancer cells by macrophages and modulates immune checkpoint pathways, leading to improved cancer treatment and immune response against infections.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2025089494-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025089494-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025089494-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
MULTIFUNCTIONAL MOLECULES TARGETING CD24BACKGROUND
[0001] CD24 is a small, heavily glycosylated protein attached to the cell membrane by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. It contains three potential N-glycosylation sites and several potential O-glycosylation sites resulting in that CD24 proteins isolated from different tissues or cell types have different molecular weights, ranging from 20 to 70 kDa.
[0002] CD24 plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Surface CD24 expression in tumor cells has been linked with alterations in multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, including Src / STAT3, EGFR, HER2, Ras-like GTPase, MAPK, AKT / mTOR, WNT / β-catenin, and miRNA-related pathways. Moreover, the cytoplasmic accumulation of CD24 may be involved in tumor cell proliferation, including p53 inactivation. In this regard, the overexpression of CD24 has been documented in several malignancies, including breast, lung, colorectal, hepatocellular, pancreatic, ovarian, urothelial, prostate, and head and neck cancer, as well as in primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors and several hematologic malignancies. The expression of CD24 in solid tumors has been correlated with worse prognosis, including the presence of more aggressive features and their metastatic spread. In addition, CD24 is also described as one of the most important cancer stem cell markers.
[0003] Recent studies showed that the surface expression of CD24 can serve as a “do not eat me” signal, inhibiting phagocytosis by infiltrating Siglec-10-expressing macrophages. In contrast, the loss of CD24 expression has been shown to increase phagocytosis by macrophages expressing Siglec-10 in several tumor types.
[0004] There is a need for multispecific antibodies targeting CD24 and other antigens in therapy to cancer and infectious diseases.SUMMARY
[0005] The present disclosure provides multispecific antibodies or fragments thereof having binding specificity to the human CD24 protein and an immune checkpoint protein. These antibodies and fragments are useful in the treatment of cancers and infectious diseases.
[0006] The present disclosure provides a multispecific antibody comprising:
[0007] (1) a CD24 binding moiety that specifically binds to human CD24 protein; and
[0008] (2) a second antigen-binding moiety that specifically binds to an immune checkpoint protein.
[0009] In certain embodiments, the CD24 binding moiety is selected from the group consisting of a single chain half-antibody, a Fab, a Fab’, a F (ab’) 2, a scFv and a sdAb.
[0010] In certain embodiments, the second antigen-binding moiety is a second antibody moiety or an antigen binding peptide.
[0011] In certain embodiments, the second antibody moiety is selected from the group consisting of a single chain half-antibody, a Fab, a Fab’, a F (ab’) 2, a scFv, and a sdAb.
[0012] In certain embodiments, the second antigen-binding moiety is fused to N-terminus of the CD24 binding moiety.
[0013] In certain embodiments, the CD24 binding moiety is fused to N-terminus of the second antigen-binding moiety.
[0014] In certain embodiments, the CD24 binding moiety is a Fab’ or a scFv.
[0015] In certain embodiments, the second antigen-binding moiety is a Fab’, a sdAb, or a binding peptide.
[0016] In certain embodiments, the CD24 binding moiety is fused to the second antigen-binding moiety via a linker.
[0017] In certain embodiments, the CD24 binding moiety is a scFv, and the second antigen-binding moiety is a Fab’.
[0018] In certain embodiments, the CD24 binding moiety is a Fab’, and the second antigen-binding moiety is a sdAb.
[0019] In certain embodiments, the CD24 binding moiety is a Fab’, and the second antigen-binding moiety is a binding peptide.
[0020] In certain embodiments, the multispecific antibody provided herein further comprises a Fc domain. In certain embodiments, the Fc domain is derived from any one selected from the group consisting of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4.
[0021] In certain embodiments, the CD24 binding moiety comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain complementarity determining regions HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3, and a light chain variable region comprising light chain complementarity determining regions LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3, wherein the HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 comprise, respectively: HCDR1: GYHMN (SEQ ID NO: 1) or GYHMG (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: EINPITSDKTFNQKFKS (SEQ ID NO: 2) or EINPITSDKYFNQKFKS (SEQ ID NO: 8) , HCDR3: RDYGTSLDY (SEQ ID NO: 3) , LCDR1: RASKSISKYLA (SEQ ID NO: 4) , RASASISKYLA (SEQ ID NO: 9) , RASKSIKKYLA (SEQ ID NO: 10) or RASKSISKYGA (SEQ ID NO: 11) , LCDR2: AGSTLHS (SEQ ID NO: 5) , and LCDR3: QQHNEYPIT (SEQ ID NO: 6) or QQHNEYPII (SEQ ID NO: 12) .
[0022] In certain embodiments, the HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 are HCDR1: GYHMG (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: EINPITSDKYFNQKFKS (SEQ ID NO: 8) , HCDR3: RDYGTSLDY (SEQ ID NO: 3) , LCDR1: RASASISKYLA (SEQ ID NO: 9) , LCDR2: AGSTLHS (SEQ ID NO: 5) , and LCDR3: QQHNEYPIT (SEQ ID NO: 6) .
[0023] In certain embodiments, the HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 are HCDR1: GYHMG (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: EINPITSDKTFNQKFKS (SEQ ID NO: 2) , HCDR3: RDYGTSLDY (SEQ ID NO: 3) , LCDR1: RASKSISKYGA (SEQ ID NO: 11) , LCDR2: AGSTLHS (SEQ ID NO: 5) , and LCDR3: QQHNEYPIT (SEQ ID NO: 6) .
[0024] In certain embodiments, the multispecific antibody provided herein comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 13, 15, and 23-24, or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 13, 15, and 23-24.
[0025] In certain embodiments, the multispecific antibody provided herein comprises a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 14 and 16-22 or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 14 and 16-22.
[0026] In certain embodiments, the multispecific antibody provided herein comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24 or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 24, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19 or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 19.
[0027] In certain embodiments, the multispecific antibody provided herein comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 15, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21 or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 21.
[0028] In certain embodiments, the immune checkpoint protein comprises PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3, CD28, CD122, 4-1BB, OX-40, OX40L, CD40, CD40L, LIGHT, ICOS, ICOSL, GITR, GITRL, CD27, VISTA, B7H3, B7H4, HEVM, BTLA, KIR, SIRPα or CD47.
[0029] In certain embodiments, the second antigen-binding moiety is a PD-L1 binding moiety.
[0030] In certain embodiments, the CD24 binding moiety is a Fab’, and the PD-L1 binding moiety is a sdAb comprises complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, wherein the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, comprise, respectively:
[0031] CDR1: SGTQFSDSKID (SEQ ID NO: 25) or SGTQFSDSKAD (SEQ ID NO: 28) ;
[0032] CDR2: GIFSTGSTIYEDSVKG (SEQ ID NO: 26) or GIFQTGSTIYEDSVKG (SEQ ID NO: 29) ; and
[0033] CDR3: IGRGILA (SEQ ID NO: 27) , IGIGILA (SEQ ID NO: 30) , IGRGTLA (SEQ ID NO: 31) or IGIGTLA (SEQ ID NO: 32) .
[0034] In certain embodiments, the PD-L1 binding moiety comprises the CDR1: SGTQFSDSKID (SEQ ID NO: 25) , the CDR2: GIFQTGSTIYEDSVKG (SEQ ID NO: 29) , and the CDR3: IGRGTLA (SEQ ID NO: 31) .
[0035] In certain embodiments, the PD-L1 binding moiety comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33, or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 33.
[0036] In certain embodiments, the CD24 binding moiety comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, and the PD-L1 binding moiety comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33.
[0037] In certain embodiments, the CD24 binding moiety comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21, and the PD-L1 binding moiety comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33.
[0038] In certain embodiments, the second antigen-binding moiety is a CD47 binding moiety.
[0039] In certain embodiments, the CD24 binding moiety is a Fab’, and the CD47 binding moiety is a SIRPα domain 1 peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 42-44, and a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 42-44.
[0040] In certain embodiments, the CD24 binding moiety comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, and the CD47 binding moiety comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 42-44.
[0041] In certain embodiments, the CD24 binding moiety comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21, and the CD47 binding moiety comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 42-44.
[0042] In certain embodiments, the CD24 binding moiety is a scFv, and the CD47 binding moiety is a Fab’ comprising a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain complementarity determining regions HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3, and a light chain variable region comprising light chain complementarity determining regions LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3, wherein the HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 are HCDR1: RAWMN (SEQ ID NO: 34) , HCDR2: RIKRKTDGETTDYAAPVKG (SEQ ID NO: 35) , HCDR3: SSYAFDI (SEQ ID NO: 36) , LCDR1: KSSQSVLYAGNNRNYLA (SEQ ID NO: 37) , LCDR2: QASTRAS (SEQ ID NO: 38) , and LCDR3: QQYYTPPLA (SEQ ID NO: 39) .
[0043] In certain embodiments, the CD47 binding moiety comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40 or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 40, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41 or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 41.
[0044] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising the multispecific antibody provided herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0045] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an isolated cell comprising one or more polynucleotide encoding the multispecific antibody provided herein.
[0046] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding one or more chains of the multispecific antibody provided herein.
[0047] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a cancer in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient the multispecific antibody provided herein. In certain embodiments, the method further comprises administering to the patient a second therapy for treating said cancer. In certain embodiments, said therapy is selected from the group consisting of immunotherapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
[0048] In certain embodiments, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of bladder cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, kidney cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and thyroid cancer.
[0049] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treating an autoimmune disease or inflammatory condition in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient the multispecific antibody provided herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0050] FIG. 1 with panel A-F shows the BsAb formats designed.
[0051] FIG. 2 shows the results of CD24 binding (panel A) and PD-L1 binding (panel B) of the anti-CD24 x anti-PD-L1 BsAbs as measured by ELISA.
[0052] FIG. 3 shows the results of the cell-binding of the anti-CD24 x anti-PD-L1 BsAbs to the CD24 expressing tumor cells MCF-7 (panel A) and A549 (panel B) , and PD-L1 expressing RKO (panel C) and PD-L1 expressing CHO-K1 (panel D) , as measured by FACS.
[0053] FIG. 4 shows the CD24 / Siglec -10 blockage effect of the anti-CD24 x anti-PD-L1 BsAbs.
[0054] FIG. 5 shows the results of phagocytosis of the anti-CD24 x anti-PD-L1 BsAbs against the CD24 expressing tumor cells MCF-7 (panel A) and A549 (panel B) .
[0055] FIG. 6 shows the repeated phagocytosis using the two selected L1C2H-IgG1 (4451HM15) and L1C2H-IgG1 (4451HM6) BsAbs against CD24 / PD-L1 expressing tumor cells HCC827 (panel A) , H292 (panel B) and MC38-hCD24-hPD-L1 cells (panel C) , respectively.
[0056] FIG. 7 shows the results of the anti-CD24 x anti-PD-L1 BsAbs in the PD1 and PD-L1 reporter assay.
[0057] FIG. 8 shows the ADCC activity of L1C2H-IgG1 (4451HM15) against tumor cells MCF-7 (panel A) , H292 (panel B) and MC38-hCD24-hPD-L1 cells (panel C) , respectively.
[0058] FIG. 9 (panel A-B) shows the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of the selected L1C2H-IgG1 (4451HM15) BsAb.
[0059] FIG. 10 shows the cell binding activity of the anti-CD24 x anti-CD47 BsAbs in CD24 expressing cell NCCIT (panel A) , CD47 expressing cell Karpas299 (panel B) , and CD24 / CD47 expressing cell MCF-7 (panel C) , as measured by FACS.
[0060] FIG. 11 shows the phagocytosis of the anti-CD24 x anti-CD47 BsAbs in CD24 expressing cell NCCIT (panel A) , CD47 expressing cell Karpas299 (panel B) , and CD24 / CD47 expressing cell MCF-7 (panel C) .
[0061] FIG. 12 shows CD24 / Siglec -10 blockage effect (panel A) and CD47 / SIRPα blockage effect (panel B) of the anti-CD24 x anti-CD47 BsAbs, respectively.
[0062] FIG. 13 with panel A and B shows the results of the red cell binding of the anti-CD24 x anti-CD47 BsAbs in different donors.
[0063] FIG. 14 with panel A and B shows the in vivo safety experiment on red cell coagulation in human CD47 / SIRPα transgenic mice. RBC in panel A represents red blood cell and PLT in panel B represents platelet count.
[0064] FIG. 15 shows the evaluation of three anti-CD24 x anti-CD47 BsAbs (15-SPC2H-IgG1 (118) , 15-SPC2H-IgG1 (122) and 15-SPC2H-WT-IgG1) in the cell binding assay (panel A) and phagocytosis (panel B) .
[0065] FIG. 16 shows the results of ELISA assay of anti-CD24 x anti-CD47 BsAbs (15-SPC2H-IgG1 (118) , 15-SPC2H-IgG1 (122) and 15-SPC2H-WT-IgG1) in CD24 binding assay (panel A) and CD47 binding assay (panel B) .
[0066] FIG. 17 with panel A-B shows the in vivo efficacy of the anti-CD24 x anti-CD47 BsAb 15-SPC2H-IgG1 (118) and 15-SPC2H-WT-IgG1 in SHP77 tumor mouse model.
[0067] FIG. 18 shows neutrophil depletion of 15-SPC2H-IgG1 (118) in human whole blood assay.DETAILED DESCRIPTIONDefinitions
[0068] It is to be noted that the term “a” or “an” entity refers to one or more of that entity; for example, “an antibody, ” is understood to represent one or more antibodies. As such, the terms “a” (or “an” ) , “one or more, ” and “at least one” can be used interchangeably herein.
[0069] As used herein, an “antibody” or “antigen-binding polypeptide” refers to a polypeptide or a polypeptide complex that specifically recognizes and binds to an antigen. An antibody can be a whole antibody and any antigen binding fragment or a single chain thereof. Thus the term “antibody” includes any protein or peptide containing molecule that includes at least a portion of an immunoglobulin molecule having biological activity of binding to the antigen. Examples of such include, but are not limited to, a complementarity determining region (CDR) of a heavy or light chain or a ligand binding portion thereof, a heavy chain or light chain variable region, a heavy chain or light chain constant region, a framework (FR) region, or any portion thereof, or at least one portion of a binding protein.
[0070] The expression “single domain antibodies” (sdAbs) or “single variable domain (SVD) antibodies” generally refers to antibodies in which a single variable domain (VH or VL) can confer antigen binding. In other words, the single variable domain does not need to interact with another variable domain in order to recognize the target antigen. Examples of single domain antibodies include those derived from camelids (lamas and camels) and cartilaginous fish (e.g., nurse sharks) and those derived from recombinant methods from humans and mouse antibodies (Nature (1989) 341: 544-546; Dev Comp Immunol (2006) 30: 43-56; Trend Biochem Sci (2001) 26: 230-235; Trends Biotechnol (2003) : 21: 484-490; WO 2005 / 035572; WO 03 / 035694; Febs Lett (1994) 339: 285-290; WO00 / 29004; WO 02 / 051870) . When the sdAb contains only a heavy chain, it can be exchangable used with “VHH” or “single heavy chain variable domain antibody” or “nanobody” .
[0071] The terms “antibody fragment” or “antigen-binding fragment” , as used herein, is a portion of an antibody such as F (ab') 2, F (ab) 2, Fab', Fab, Fv, scFv and the like. Regardless of structure, an antibody fragment binds with the same antigen that is recognized by the intact antibody. The term “antibody fragment” includes aptamers, spiegelmers, and diabodies. The term “antibody fragment” also includes any synthetic or genetically engineered protein that acts like an antibody by binding to a specific antigen to form a complex.
[0072] A “Fab” with regard to an antibody refers to a monovalent antigen-binding fragment of the antibody consisting of a single light chain (both variable and constant regions) bound to the variable region and first constant region of a single heavy chain by a disulfide bond. Fab can be obtained by papain digestion of an antibody at the residues proximal to the N-terminus of the disulfide bond between the heavy chains of the hinge region.
[0073] A “Fab’ ” refers to a Fab fragment that includes a portion of the hinge region, which can be obtained by pepsin digestion of an antibody at the residues proximal to the C-terminus of the disulfide bond between the heavy chains of the hinge region and thus is different from Fab in a small number of residues (including one or more cysteines) in the hinge region.
[0074] A “F (ab) 2” refers to a dimer of Fab’ that includes two light chains and part of the two heavy chains.
[0075] A “single-chain variable fragment” or “scFv” refers to a fusion protein of the variable regions of the heavy (VH) and light chains (VL) of immunoglobulins. In some aspects, the regions are connected with a short linker peptide of ten to about 25 amino acids. The linker can be rich in glycine for flexibility, as well as serine or threonine for solubility, and can either connect the N-terminus of the VH with the C-terminus of the VL, or vice versa. This protein retains the specificity of the original immunoglobulin, despite removal of the constant regions and the introduction of the linker. ScFv molecules are known in the art and are described, e.g., in US patent 5, 892, 019.
[0076] The term antibody encompasses various broad classes of polypeptides that can be distinguished biochemically. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that heavy chains are classified as gamma, mu, alpha, delta, or epsilon (γ, μ, α, δ, ε) with some subclasses among them (e.g., γ l-γ4) . It is the nature of this chain that determines the “class” of the antibody as IgG, IgM, IgA IgG, or IgE, respectively. The immunoglobulin subclasses (isotypes) e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgG5, etc. are well characterized and are known to confer functional specialization. Modified versions of each of these classes and isotypes are readily discernable to the skilled artisan in view of the instant disclosure and, accordingly, are within the scope of the instant disclosure. All immunoglobulin classes are clearly within the scope of the present disclosure, the following discussion will generally be directed to the IgG class of immunoglobulin molecules. With regard to IgG, a standard immunoglobulin molecule includes two identical light chain polypeptides of molecular weight approximately 23,000 Daltons, and two identical heavy chain polypeptides of molecular weight 53,000-70,000. The four chains are typically joined by disulfide bonds in a “Y” configuration wherein the light chains bracket the heavy chains starting at the mouth of the “Y” and continuing through the variable region.
[0077] Antibodies, antigen-binding polypeptides, variants, or derivatives thereof of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, polyclonal, monoclonal, multispecific, human, humanized, primatized, or chimeric antibodies, single chain antibodies, epitope-binding fragments, e.g., Fab, Fab' and F (ab') 2, Fd, Fvs, single-chain Fvs (scFv) , single-chain antibodies, disulfide-linked Fvs (sdFv) , fragments including either a VK or VH domain, fragments produced by a Fab expression library, and anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies (including, e.g., anti-Id antibodies to LIGHT antibodies disclosed herein) . Immunoglobulin or antibody molecules of the disclosure can be of any type (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, IgA, and IgY) , class (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2) or subclass of immunoglobulin molecule.
[0078] Light chains are classified as either kappa or lambda (K, λ) . Each heavy chain class may be bound with either a kappa or lambda light chain. In general, the light and heavy chains are covalently bonded to each other, and the “tail” portions of the two heavy chains are bonded to each other by covalent disulfide linkages or non-covalent linkages when the immunoglobulins are generated either by hybridomas, B cells or genetically engineered host cells. In the heavy chain, the amino acid sequences run from an N-terminus at the forked ends of the Y configuration to the C-terminus at the bottom of each chain.
[0079] Both the light and heavy chains are divided into regions of structural and functional homology. The terms “constant” and “variable” are used functionally. In this regard, it will be appreciated that the variable domains of both the light (VK) and heavy (VH) chain portions determine antigen recognition and specificity. Conversely, the constant domains of the light chain (CK) and the heavy chain (CH1, CH2 or CH3) confer important biological properties such as secretion, transplacental mobility, Fc receptor binding, complement binding, and the like. By convention the numbering of the constant region domains increases as they become more distal from the antigen-binding site or amino-terminus of the antibody. The N-terminal portion is a variable region and at the C-terminal portion is a constant region; the CH3 and CK domains actually include the carboxy-terminus of the heavy and light chain, respectively.
[0080] As indicated above, the variable region allows the antibody to selectively recognize and specifically bind epitopes on antigens. That is, the VK domain and VH domain, or subset of the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) , of an antibody combine to form the variable region that defines a three dimensional antigen-binding site. This quaternary antibody structure forms the antigen-binding site present at the end of each arm of the Y. More specifically, the antigen-binding site is defined by three CDRs on each of the VH and VK chains (i.e. CDR-H1, CDR-H2, CDR-H3, CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3) . In some instances, e.g., certain immunoglobulin molecules derived from camelid species or engineered based on camelid immunoglobulins, a complete immunoglobulin molecule may consist of heavy chains only, with no light chains. See, e.g., Hamers-Casterman et al., Nature 363: 446-448 (1993) .
[0081] In naturally occurring antibodies, the six “complementarity determining regions” or “CDRs” present in each antigen-binding domain are short, non-contiguous sequences of amino acids that are specifically positioned to form the antigen-binding domain as the antibody assumes its three dimensional configuration in an aqueous environment. The remainder of the amino acids in the antigen-binding domains, referred to as “framework” regions, show less inter-molecular variability. The framework regions largely adopt a β-sheet conformation and the CDRs form loops which connect, and in some cases form part of, the β -sheet structure. Thus, framework regions act to form a scaffold that provides for positioning the CDRs in correct orientation by inter-chain, non-covalent interactions. The antigen-binding domain formed by the positioned CDRs defines a surface complementary to the epitope on the immunoreactive antigen. This complementary surface promotes the non-covalent binding of the antibody to its cognate epitope. The amino acids including the CDRs and the framework regions, respectively, can be readily identified for any given heavy or light chain variable region by one of ordinary skill in the art, since they have been precisely defined (see “Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, ” Kabat, E., et al., U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, (1983) ; and Chothia and Lesk, J. MoI. Biol., 196: 901-917 (1987) ) .
[0082] In the case where there are two or more definitions of a term which is used and / or accepted within the art, the definition of the term as used herein is intended to include all such meanings unless explicitly stated to the contrary. A specific example is the use of the term “complementarity determining region” ( “CDR” ) to describe the non-contiguous antigen combining sites found within the variable region of both heavy and light chain polypeptides. This particular region has been described by Kabat et al., U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, “Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest” (1983) and by Chothia et al., J. MoI. Biol. 196: 901-917 (1987) , which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The CDR definitions according to Kabat and Chothia include overlapping or subsets of amino acid residues when compared against each other. Nevertheless, application of either definition to refer to a CDR of an antibody or variants thereof is intended to be within the scope of the term as defined and used herein. The appropriate amino acid residues which encompass the CDRs as defined by each of the above cited references are set forth in the table below as a comparison. The exact residue numbers which encompass a particular CDR will vary depending on the sequence and size of the CDR. Those skilled in the art can routinely determine which residues include a particular CDR given the variable region amino acid sequence of the antibody.
[0083] Kabat et al. also defined a numbering system for variable domain sequences that is applicable to any antibody. One of ordinary skill in the art can unambiguously assign this system of “Kabat numbering” to any variable domain sequence, without reliance on any experimental data beyond the sequence itself. As used herein, “Kabat numbering” refers to the numbering system set forth by Kabat et al., U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, “Sequence of Proteins of Immunological Interest” (1983) .
[0084] In addition to table above, the Kabat number system describes the CDR regions as follows: CDR-H1 begins at approximately amino acid 31 (i.e., approximately 9 residues after the first cysteine residue) , includes approximately 5-7 amino acids, and ends at the next tryptophan residue. CDR-H2 begins at the fifteenth residue after the end of CDR-H1, includes approximately 16-19 amino acids, and ends at the next arginine or lysine residue. CDR-H3 begins at approximately the thirty third amino acid residue after the end of CDR-H2; includes 3-25 amino acids; and ends at the sequence W-G-X-G, where X is any amino acid. CDR-L1 begins at approximately residue 24 (i.e., following a cysteine residue) ; includes approximately 10-17 residues; and ends at the next tryptophan residue. CDR-L2 begins at approximately the sixteenth residue after the end of CDR-L1 and includes approximately 7 residues. CDR-L3 begins at approximately the thirty third residue after the end of CDR-L2 (i.e., following a cysteine residue) ; includes approximately 7-11 residues and ends at the sequence F or W-G-X-G, where X is any amino acid.
[0085] Antibodies disclosed herein may be from any animal origin including birds and mammals. Preferably, the antibodies are human, murine, donkey, rabbit, goat, guinea pig, camel, llama, horse, or chicken antibodies. In another embodiment, the variable region may be condricthoid in origin (e.g., from sharks) .
[0086] As used herein, the term “heavy chain constant region” includes amino acid sequences derived from an immunoglobulin heavy chain. A polypeptide including a heavy chain constant region includes at least one of: a CH1 domain, a hinge (e.g., upper, middle, and / or lower hinge region) domain, a CH2 domain, a CH3 domain, or a variant or fragment thereof. For example, an antigen-binding polypeptide for use in the disclosure may include a polypeptide chain including a CH1 domain; a polypeptide chain including a CH1 domain, at least a portion of a hinge domain, and a CH2 domain; a polypeptide chain including a CH1 domain and a CH3 domain; a polypeptide chain including a CH1 domain, at least a portion of a hinge domain, and a CH3 domain, or a polypeptide chain including a CH1 domain, at least a portion of a hinge domain, a CH2 domain, and a CH3 domain. In another embodiment, a polypeptide of the disclosure includes a polypeptide chain including a CH3 domain. Further, an antibody for use in the disclosure may lack at least a portion of a CH2 domain (e.g., all or part of a CH2 domain) . As set forth above, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the heavy chain constant region may be modified such that they vary in amino acid sequence from the naturally occurring immunoglobulin molecule.
[0087] The heavy chain constant region of an antibody disclosed herein may be derived from different immunoglobulin molecules. For example, a heavy chain constant region of a polypeptide may include a CH1 domain derived from an IgGl molecule and a hinge region derived from an IgG3 molecule. In another example, a heavy chain constant region can include a hinge region derived, in part, from an IgGl molecule and, in part, from an IgG3 molecule. In another example, a heavy chain portion can include a chimeric hinge derived, in part, from an IgGl molecule and, in part, from an IgG4 molecule.
[0088] As used herein, the term “light chain constant region” includes amino acid sequences derived from antibody light chain. Preferably, the light chain constant region includes at least one of a constant kappa domain or constant lambda domain.
[0089] A “light chain-heavy chain pair” refers to the collection of a light chain and heavy chain that can form a dimer through a disulfide bond between the CL domain of the light chain and the CH1 domain of the heavy chain.
[0090] “Percent (%) amino acid sequence identity” or “homology” with respect to the polypeptide and antibody sequences identified herein is defined as the percentage of amino acid residues in a candidate sequence that are identical with the amino acid residues in the polypeptide being compared, after aligning the sequences considering any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity. Alignment for purposes of determining percent amino acid sequence identity can be achieved in various ways that are within the skill in the art, for instance, using publicly available computer software such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN, Megalign (DNASTAR) , or MUSCLE software. Those skilled in the art can determine appropriate parameters for measuring alignment, including any algorithms needed to achieve maximal alignment over the full-length of the sequences being compared. For purposes herein, however, %amino acid sequence identity values are generated using the sequence comparison computer program MUSCLE (Edgar, R. C., Nucleic Acids Research 32 (5) : 1792-1797, 2004; Edgar, R. C., BMC Bioinformatics 5 (1) : 113, 2004) .
[0091] As previously indicated, the subunit structures and three dimensional configuration of the constant regions of the various immunoglobulin classes are well known. As used herein, the term “VH domain” includes the amino terminal variable domain of an immunoglobulin heavy chain and the term “CH1 domain” includes the first (most amino terminal) constant region domain of an immunoglobulin heavy chain. The CH1 domain is adjacent to the VH domain and is amino terminal to the hinge region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain molecule.
[0092] As used herein the term “CH2 domain” includes the portion of a heavy chain molecule that extends, e.g., from about residue 244 to residue 360 of an antibody using conventional numbering schemes (residues 244 to 360, Kabat numbering system; and residues 231-340, EU numbering system; see Kabat et al., U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, “Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest” (1983) . The CH2 domain is unique in that it is not closely paired with another domain. Rather, two N-linked branched carbohydrate chains are interposed between the two CH2 domains of an intact native IgG molecule. It is also well documented that the CH3 domain extends from the CH2 domain to the C-terminal of the IgG molecule and includes approximately 108 residues.
[0093] As used herein, the term “hinge region” includes the portion of a heavy chain molecule that joins the CH1 domain to the CH2 domain. This hinge region includes approximately 25 residues and is flexible, thus allowing the two N-terminal antigen-binding regions to move independently. Hinge regions can be subdivided into three distinct domains: upper, middle, and lower hinge domains (Roux et al., J. Immunol 161: 4083 (1998) ) .
[0094] The term “Fc region” , “Fc domain” or “fragment crystallizable region” herein is used to define a C-terminal region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain, including native-sequence Fc regions and variant Fc regions. Although the boundaries of the Fc region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain might vary, the human IgG heavy-chain Fc region is usually defined to stretch from an amino acid residue at position Cys226, or from Pro230, to the carboxyl-terminus thereof. The C-terminal lysine (residue 447 according to the EU numbering system) of the Fc region may be removed, for example, during production or purification of the antibody, or by recombinantly engineering the nucleic acid encoding a heavy chain of the antibody. Accordingly, a composition of intact antibodies may include antibody populations with all K447 residues removed, antibody populations with no K447 residues removed, and antibody populations having a mixture of antibodies with and without the K447 residue. Suitable native-sequence Fc regions for use in the antibodies described herein include human IgG1, IgG2 (IgG2A, IgG2B) , IgG3 and IgG4.
[0095] As used herein the term “disulfide bond” includes the covalent bond formed between two sulfur atoms. The amino acid cysteine includes a thiol group that can form a disulfide bond or bridge with a second thiol group. In most naturally occurring IgG molecules, the CH1 and CK regions are linked by a disulfide bond and the two heavy chains are linked by two disulfide bonds at positions corresponding to 239 and 242 using the Kabat numbering system (position 226 or 229, EU numbering system) .
[0096] As used herein, the term “chimeric antibody” will be held to mean any antibody wherein the immunoreactive region or site is obtained or derived from a first species and the constant region (which may be intact, partial or modified in accordance with the instant disclosure) is obtained from a second species. In certain embodiments the target binding region or site will be from a non-human source (e.g. mouse or primate) and the constant region is human.
[0097] The term “epitope” as used herein refers to the specific group of atoms or amino acids on an antigen to which an antibody or antibody moiety binds. Two antibodies or antibody moieties may bind the same epitope within an antigen if they exhibit competitive binding for the antigen.
[0098] By “specifically binds” or “has specificity to, ” it is generally meant that an antibody binds to an epitope via its antigen-binding domain, and that the binding entails some complementarity between the antigen-binding domain and the epitope. According to this definition, an antibody is said to “specifically bind” to an epitope when it binds to that epitope, via its antigen-binding domain more readily than it would bind to a random, unrelated epitope. The term “specificity” is used herein to qualify the relative affinity by which a certain antibody binds to a certain epitope. For example, antibody “A” may be deemed to have a higher specificity for a given epitope than antibody “B, ” or antibody “A” may be said to bind to epitope “C” with a higher specificity than it has for related epitope “D. ”
[0099] As used herein, the terms “treat” or “treatment” refer to both therapeutic treatment and prophylactic or preventative measures, wherein the object is to prevent or slow down (lessen) an undesired physiological change or disorder, such as the progression of cancer. Beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of disease, delay or slowing of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission (whether partial or total) , whether detectable or undetectable. “Treatment” can also mean prolonging survival as compared to expected survival if not receiving treatment. Those in need of treatment include those already with the condition or disorder as well as those prone to have the condition or disorder or those in which the condition or disorder is to be prevented.
[0100] As used herein, “delaying development of a disease" means to defer, hinder, slow, retard, stabilize, suppress and / or postpone development of the disease (such as cancer) . This delay can be of varying lengths of time, depending on the history of the disease and / or individual being treated. As is evident to one skilled in the art, a sufficient or significant delay can, in effect, encompass prevention, in that the individual does not develop the disease. For example, a late stage cancer, such as development of metastasis, may be delayed.
[0101] “Preventing” as used herein, includes providing prophylaxis with respect to the occurrence or recurrence of a disease in an individual that may be predisposed to the disease but has not yet been diagnosed with the disease.
[0102] As used herein, to “suppress” a function or activity is to reduce the function or activity when compared to otherwise same conditions except for a condition or parameter of interest, or alternatively, as compared to another condition. For example, an antibody which suppresses tumor growth reduces the rate of growth of the tumor compared to the rate of growth of the tumor in the absence of the antibody.
[0103] By “subject” or “individual” or “animal” or “patient” or “mammal, ” is meant any subject, particularly a mammalian subject, for whom diagnosis, prognosis, or therapy is desired. Mammalian subjects include humans, domestic animals, farm animals, and zoo, sport, or pet animals such as dogs, cats, guinea pigs, rabbits, rats, mice, horses, cattle, cows, and so on.
[0104] As used herein, phrases such as “to a patient in need of treatment” or “asubject in need of treatment” includes subjects, such as mammalian subjects, that would benefit from administration of an antibody or composition of the present disclosure used, e.g., for detection, for a diagnostic procedure and / or for treatment. Anti-CD24 Antibody moiety
[0105] The present disclosure provides antibodies, including antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof, that have binding specificity to the human CD24 protein. As demonstrated in the experimental examples, numerous anti-human CD24 antibodies were obtained, having high binding affinity to the human CD24 protein. The humanized antibodies bound human CD24 with high affinity and efficiently blocked the binding between CD24 and Siglec-10.
[0106] In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, provided are antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof that include the heavy chain and light chain variable domains with the CDR regions of the antibodies prepared in the experimental examples. The CDRs are summarized in Table 1A below. Table 1A. CDR sequences of anti-CD24 antibody moiety
[0107] In some embodiments, the HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3 are selected from any set of HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3 shown in Table 1A, and the LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 are selected from any set of LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 shown in Table 1A. In some embodiments, the HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3 and the LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 are selected from those derived from the same antibody in the examples.
[0108] In some embodiments, at least one, or two, or three, or four, or five, or six of the HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3 and the LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 of the above are modified by one, two or three amino acid additions, deletions, substitutions, or the combinations thereof.
[0109] According to specific embodiments, the antibody is a humanized antibody. Humanized forms of non-human (e.g., murine) antibodies are chimeric molecules of immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin chains or fragments thereof (such as Fv, Fab, Fab’, F (ab’) 2 or other antigen-binding subsequences of antibodies) which contain minimal sequence derived from non-human immunoglobulin. Humanized antibodies include human immunoglobulins (recipient antibody) in which residues form a complementary determining region (CDR) of the recipient are replaced by residues from a CDR of a non-human species (donor antibody) such as mouse, rat or rabbit having the desired specificity, affinity and capacity. In some instances, Fv framework residues of the human immunoglobulin are replaced by corresponding non-human residues. Humanized antibodies may also include residues which are found neither in the recipient antibody nor in the imported CDR or framework sequences. In general, the humanized antibody will include substantially all of at least one, and typically two, variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the CDR regions correspond to those of a non-human immunoglobulin and all or substantially all of the FR regions are those of a human immunoglobulin consensus sequence. The humanized antibody optimally also will include at least a portion of an immunoglobulin constant region (Fc) , typically that of a human immunoglobulin (Jones et al., Nature, 321: 522-525 (1986) ; Riechmann et al., Nature, 332: 323-329 (1988) ; and Presta, Curr. Op. Struct. Biol., 2: 593-596 (1992) ) .
[0110] Methods for humanizing non-human antibodies are well known in the art. Generally, a humanized antibody has one or more amino acid residues introduced into it from a source which is non-human. These non-human amino acid residues are often referred to as import residues, which are typically taken from an import variable domain. Humanization can be essentially performed following the method of Winter and co-workers (Jones et al., Nature, 321: 522-525 (1986) ; Riechmann et al., Nature 332: 323-327 (1988) ; Verhoeyen et al., Science, 239: 1534-1536 (1988) ) , by substituting rodent CDRs or CDR sequences for the corresponding sequences of a human antibody. Accordingly, such humanized antibodies are chimeric antibodies (U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567) , wherein substantially less than an intact human variable domain has been substituted by the corresponding sequence from a non-human species. In practice, humanized antibodies are typically human antibodies in which some CDR residues and possibly some FR residues are substituted by residues from analogous sites in rodent antibodies.
[0111] Antibodies may be produced by a process of affinity maturation in which a modified antibody is generated that has an improvement in the affinity of the antibody for antigen, compared to an unmodified parent antibody. Affinity-matured antibodies may be produced by procedures known in the art, e.g., Marks et al., Rio / Technology 10: 779-783 (1992) ; Barbas et al. Proc Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 91 : 3809-3813 (1994) ; Schier et al. Gene 169: 147-155 (1995) ; Yelton et al. J. Immunol. 155: 1994-2004 (1995) ; Jackson et al., J. Immunol. 154 (7) : 331 0-15 9 (1995) ; and Hawkins et al, J. Mol. Biol. 226: 889-896 (1992) .
[0112] The CDR variants undergone affinity maturation are listed in Table 1B below. Table 1B. Affinity matured CDR variants
[0113] An example of affinity matured anti-CD24 antibody or fragment thereof includes the following CDRs: HCDR1: GYHMG (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: EINPITSDKYFNQKFKS (SEQ ID NO: 8) , HCDR3: RDYGTSLDY (SEQ ID NO: 3) , LCDR1: RASASISKYLA (SEQ ID NO: 9) , LCDR2: AGSTLHS (SEQ ID NO: 5) , and LCDR3: QQHNEYPIT (SEQ ID NO: 6) .
[0114] Another example of affinity matured anti-CD24 antibody or fragment thereof includes the following CDRs: HCDR1: GYHMG (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: EINPITSDKTFNQKFKS (SEQ ID NO: 2) , HCDR3: RDYGTSLDY (SEQ ID NO: 3) , LCDR1: RASKSISKYGA (SEQ ID NO: 11) , LCDR2: AGSTLHS (SEQ ID NO: 5) , and LCDR3: QQHNEYPIT (SEQ ID NO: 6) .
[0115] The variable regions of clone 4451H undergone affinity maturation are listed in Table 1C below. Table 1C. Lead clones of 4451HM1-18.
[0116] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a heavy chain variable region including an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 13, 15, and 23-24, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 13, 15, and 23-24.
[0117] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a light chain variable region including an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 14 and 16-22or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 14 and 16-22.
[0118] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a heavy chain variable region including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 13, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 13, and a light chain variable region including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 14, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 14.
[0119] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a heavy chain variable region including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 15, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 15, and a light chain variable region including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 16, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 16.
[0120] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a heavy chain variable region including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 15, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 15, and a light chain variable region including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 17, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 17.
[0121] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a heavy chain variable region including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 15, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 15, and a light chain variable region including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 18, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 18.
[0122] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a heavy chain variable region including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 15, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 15, and a light chain variable region including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 19, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 19.
[0123] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a heavy chain variable region including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 15, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 15, and a light chain variable region including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 20, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 20.
[0124] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a heavy chain variable region including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 15, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 15, and a light chain variable region including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 21, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 21.
[0125] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a heavy chain variable region including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 15, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 15, and a light chain variable region including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 22, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 22.
[0126] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a heavy chain variable region including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 23, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 23, and a light chain variable region including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 16, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 16.
[0127] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a heavy chain variable region including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 23, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 23, and a light chain variable region including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 17, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 17.
[0128] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a heavy chain variable region including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 23, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 23, and a light chain variable region including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 18, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 18.
[0129] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a heavy chain variable region including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 23, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 23, and a light chain variable region including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 19, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 19.
[0130] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a heavy chain variable region including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 23, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 23, and a light chain variable region including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 20, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 20.
[0131] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a heavy chain variable region including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 23, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 23, and a light chain variable region including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 21, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 21.
[0132] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a heavy chain variable region including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 23, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 23, and a light chain variable region including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 22, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 22.
[0133] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a heavy chain variable region including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 24, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 24, and a light chain variable region including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 19, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 19.
[0134] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a heavy chain variable region including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 24, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 24, and a light chain variable region including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 20, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 20.
[0135] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a heavy chain variable region including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 24, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 24, and a light chain variable region including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 21, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 21.
[0136] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and include a heavy chain variable region including the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 24, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 24, and a light chain variable region including the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 22, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 22.
[0137] In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24. In some embodiments, the light chain variable region includes the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 19.
[0138] In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region includes the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the light chain variable region includes the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 21.
[0139] In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof having specificity to a human CD24 protein, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof includes a heavy chain variable region including heavy chain complementarity determining regions HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3, and a light chain variable region including light chain complementarity determining regions LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3.
[0140] The CDRs, heavy chain variable regions and light chain variable regions of the present disclosure can be further modified. In some embodiments, the modified heavy chain variable region or light chain variable region retains at least about 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%or 99%sequence identity and is still capable of binding to CD24.
[0141] In some embodiments, the modification is substitution at no more than one hot spot position from each of the CDRs. In some embodiments, the modification is substitution at one, two or three such hot spot positions. In one embodiment, the modification is substitution at one of the hot spot positions. Such substitutions, in some embodiments, are conservative substitutions.
[0142] A “conservative amino acid substitution” is one in which the amino acid residue is replaced with an amino acid residue having a similar side chain. Families of amino acid residues having similar side chains have been defined in the art, including basic side chains (e.g., lysine, arginine, histidine) , acidic side chains (e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid) , uncharged polar side chains (e.g., glycine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, cysteine) , nonpolar side chains (e.g., alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan) , beta-branched side chains (e.g., threonine, valine, isoleucine) and aromatic side chains (e.g., tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine) . Thus, a nonessential amino acid residue in an immunoglobulin polypeptide is preferably replaced with another amino acid residue from the same side chain family. In another embodiment, a string of amino acids can be replaced with a structurally similar string that differs in order and / or composition of side chain family members.
[0143] Non-limiting examples of conservative amino acid substitutions are provided in the table below, where a similarity score of 0 or higher indicates conservative substitution between the two amino acids.
[0144] Amino Acid Similarity Matrix
[0145] Conservative Amino Acid Substitutions
[0146] It will also be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that antibodies as disclosed herein may be modified such that they vary in amino acid sequence from the naturally occurring binding polypeptide from which they were derived. For example, a polypeptide or amino acid sequence derived from a designated protein may be similar, e.g., have a certain percent identity to the starting sequence, e.g., it may be 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 99%identical to the starting sequence. Second antigen-binding moiety
[0147] The present disclosure provides multi-functional antibodies containing a second antigen-binding moiety that have binding specificity to an immune checkpoint protein. Non-limiting examples immune checkpoint protein include PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, CD28, CD122, 4-1BB, TIM3, OX-40, OX40L, CD40, CD40L, LIGHT, ICOS, ICOSL, GITR, GITRL, CD27, VISTA, B7H3, B7H4, HEVM, BTLA, KIR, and CD47.
[0148] The second antigen-binding moiety includes an antigen-binding moiety specifically binding to PD-L1 or CD47.
[0149] In some embodiments, the second antigen-binding moiety is a single domain anti-PD-L1 antibody or fragment thereof. Anti-PD-L1 Antibodies
[0150] The present disclosure provides single chain anti-PD-L1 antibodies and their humanized versions with high affinity to the human PD-L1 protein. Some of the top antibodies were further subjected to affinity maturation, and some of the affinity maturated candidates exhibited superior performance. Accordingly, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, provided are single domain antibodies and polypeptides that include such a single domain antibody.
[0151] One embodiment of the present disclosure provides a single domain antibody or a polypeptide including the single domain antibody, wherein the single domain antibody has binding specificity to the human PD-L1 protein and includes a complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) , a CDR2 and a CDR3. The CDRs are summarized in Table 2A below (Kabat numbering) . Exemplary single heavy chain variable domain are shown in Table 2B. Table 2A. CDR sequences of anti-PD-L1 antigen-binding moiety Table 2B. Exemplary single heavy chain variable domain of the anti-PD-L1 antigen- binding moiety
[0152] In some embodiments, at least one, or two, or three, or four, or five, or six of the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 of the above are modified by one, two or three amino acid additions, deletions, substitutions, or the combinations thereof.
[0153] In one embodiments, the CDR1 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, the CDR2 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29, the CDR3 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31. In some embodiments, the variable region includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33 or a peptide having at least 90% (or at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%) sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33. CD47 binding moiety
[0154] The present disclosure provides anti-CD47 antibodies and their humanized versions with high affinity to the human CD47 protein. Some of the top antibodies were further subjected to affinity maturation, and some of the affinity maturated candidates exhibited superior performance. Accordingly, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, provided are antigen-binding fragments and polypeptides that include a a Fab, a Fab’, a F (ab’) 2, and a scFv. In certain embodiments, the anti-CD47 antibodies and the antigen-binding fragment thereof is a Fab’.
[0155] One embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antigen-binding fragment or a polypeptide including the Fab’, which has binding specificity to the human CD47 protein and includes a heavy chain complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) , a CDR2 and a CDR3, and a light chain CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3. The CDRs are summarized in Table 3 below (Kabat numbering) . Exemplary heavy chain and light chain variable domain are also shown. Table 3. CDR sequences of anti-CD47 antigen-binding moiety
[0156] In some embodiments, at least one, or two, or three, or four, or five, or six of the HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3 and LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 of the above are modified by one, two or three amino acid additions, deletions, substitutions, or the combinations thereof.
[0157] In one embodiments, the HCDR1 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34, the HCDR2 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35, the HCDR3 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36, the LCDR1 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37, the LCDR2 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38, the LCDR3 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39. In some embodiments, the heavy chain variable region includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40 or a peptide having at least 90% (or at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%) sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40. In some embodiments, the light chain variable region includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41 or a peptide having at least 90% (or at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%) sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41.
[0158] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, provided are CD47 protein binding peptides. In some embodiments, the CD47 protein binding peptide includes SIRPα domain 1 peptide. In some embodiments, the SIRPα domain 1 peptide includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42, or a peptide having at least 90% (or at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%) sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42.
[0159] In some embodiments, the SIRPα domain 1 peptide includes a truncated SIRPα domain 1.In some embodiments, the SIRPα domain 1 peptide includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43, or a peptide having at least 90% (or at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%) sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43. In some embodiments, the SIRPα domain 1 peptide includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44, or a peptide having at least 90% (or at least 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%) sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44. Multifunctional antibody formats
[0160] In one aspect, provided herein is a multispecific antibody including: a first moiety (such as first antibody moiety) that specifically binds to CD24; and a second antigen-binding moiety (such as second antibody moiety or binding peptide) that specifically binds to an immune checkpoint protein. In some embodiments, the second antigen-binding moiety specifically binds to CD47.
[0161] In some embodiments of the multispecific antibody of the present disclosure, the first antibody moiety is a Fab, a Fab’, a F (ab’) 2, and a scFv. In some embodiments of the multispecific antibody of the present disclosure, the second antigen-binding moiety is a second antibody moiety or a binding peptide. The second antibody moiety may include a Fab, a Fab’, a F(ab’) 2, a scFv, and a sdAb. In some embodiments, the second antibody moiety is a Fab’ or a sdAb.
[0162] In some embodiments, the first antibody moiety is a Fab’, and the second antigen-binding moiety is a binding peptide or a sdAb. The binding peptide or the sdAb is fused to N-terminus of the Fab’, optionally via a linker.
[0163] In some embodiments, the first antibody moiety is a scFv, and the second antigen-moiety is a Fab’. The scFv is fused to N-terminus of the Fab’, optionally via a linker. In the scFv, the VH and VL are fused, optionally via a linker. In some embodiments, the scFv can be in the format of VH-linker-VL, or VL-linker-VH.
[0164] In some embodiments, the multifunctional antibodies has a format of sdAb-IgG, binding peptide-IgG, or scFv-IgG. Optionally, the sdAb and IgG of the sdAb-IgG is connected via a linker to form sdAb-linker-IgG. The binding peptide and IgG of the binding peptide -IgG is connected via a linker to form binding peptide-linker-IgG.
[0165] The scFv and IgG of the scFv-IgG is connected via a linker to form a scFv-linker-IgG. Specifically, from N-to C-terminus: VH-linker-VL-linker-IgG or VL-linker-VH-linker-IgG.
[0166] In some embodiments, the linker is a peptide linker. In some embodiments, the linker has a length of about four to about fifty amino acids. In some embodiments, the linker is selected from the group consisting of (GS) n, (GGGS) n (SEQ ID NO: 51) , (GGGGS) n (SEQ ID NO: 52) , and (GSGGS) n (SEQ ID NO: 53) . In some embodiments, the n is 0-8. In some embodiments, the linker includes an amino acid sequence of GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 45) . In some embodiments, the linker includes an amino acid sequence of GGGGSGGGGSGGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 54) .
[0167] In certain embodiments, the antibody provided herein further includes a heavy chain constant region, a light chain constant region, an Fc region, or the combination thereof.
[0168] The Fc region can be engineered to enhance effector function. IgG antibodies can induce direct anti-tumor effects by way of indirect anti-tumor effects via the Fc-mediated effector functions that engage other immune cells or killer mechanisms. “Effector functions” or “antibody effector functions” as used herein refer to biological activities attributable to the binding of Fc region of an antibody to its effectors such as C1 complex and Fc receptor (FcγRIIa or FcγRIIIa) . Exemplary effector functions include: complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) induced by interaction of antibodies and C1q on the C1 complex; antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) induced by binding of Fc region of an antibody to Fc receptor on an effector cell; and antibody dependent cell mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) , where nonspecific cytotoxic cells that express FcγRs recognize bound antibody on a target cell and subsequently cause phagocytosis of the target cell.
[0169] Among the four IgG subclasses, IgG1 and IgG3 induce the strongest Fc-effector functions. However, since IgG1 has the longest half-life and is more stable than IgG3, most therapeutic antibodies with Fc-mediated functions are of IgG1 isotype.
[0170] IgG2 and IgG4 isotypes have significantly lower binding affinity to FcγRs. Recent evidence suggests that the IgG2 isotype is not completely devoid of effector function, whereas the IgG4 isotype can undergo in vivo Fab arm exchange leading to bispecific antibody and off-target effects.
[0171] In certain embodiments, the Fc region of the antibodies provided herein is engineered to enhance the effector function, such as ADCC or CDC. Various methods (mainly Fc mutations) can be found to enhance the Fc-mediated effector function, such as those described in the PCT publications WO2007024249A2 and WO2011044368A1, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. In certain embodiments, the Fc region is engineered to include S298A / E333A / K334A (3A) mutations in human IgG1. Such Fc mutation combination is reported to enhance binding to FcγRIIIa, thus enhancing ADCC (See Shields R.L. et al, J. Biol. Chem 276: 6591-6604 (2001) ) . Heterodimers
[0172] Usually, two identical Fc regions form a homodimer. However, two different Fc regions can form a heterodimer with mutations to the one or two individual chain via, for example, a knob-into-hole (KIH) , a disulfide bond (-S-S-) , or via hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic interaction, hydrophilic interaction, or increased flexibility. The IgG (CH) -IgG’ (CH) pairing, or alternatively, the Fc region pairing, can be achieved by forming a heterodimer via knob-into-hole (KIH) , hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic interaction, hydrophilic interaction, or increased flexibility.
[0173] In some embodiments, the Fc domain provided herein includes a knob mutation and the pairing Fc domain includes hole mutation (s) , or vice versa.
[0174] The term "knob-into-hole" or "KIH" technology as used herein refers to the technology directing the pairing of two polypeptides together in vitro or in vivo by introducing a protuberance (knob) into one polypeptide and a cavity (hole) into the other polypeptide at an interface in which they interact. For example, KIHs have been introduced in the Fc: Fc binding interfaces, CL: CH1 interfaces or VH / VL interfaces of antibodies (see, e.g., US 201 1 / 0287009, US2007 / 0178552, WO 96 / 02701 1, WO 98 / 050431, Zhu et al, 1997, Protein Science 6: 781-788, and WO2012 / 106587) . In some embodiments, KIHs drive the pairing of two different heavy chains together during the manufacture of multispecific antibodies. For example, multispecific antibodies having KIH in their Fc regions can further include single variable domains linked to each Fc region, or further include different heavy chain variable domains that pair with similar or different light chain variable domains. KIH technology can also be used to pair two different receptor extracellular domains together or any other polypeptide sequences that includes different target recognition sequences (e.g., including affibodies, peptibodies and other Fc fusions) .
[0175] The term "knob mutation" as used herein refers to a mutation that introduces a protuberance (knob) into a polypeptide at an interface in which the polypeptide interacts with another polypeptide. In some embodiments, the other polypeptide has a hole mutation.
[0176] The term "hole mutation" as used herein refers to a mutation that introduces a cavity (hole) into a polypeptide at an interface in which the polypeptide interacts with another polypeptide. In some embodiments, the other polypeptide has a knob mutation.
[0177] In some embodiments, a knob mutation in an IgG1 constant region includes T366W (EU numbering) . In some embodiments, a hole mutation in an IgG1 constant region includes one or more mutations selected from T366S, L368A, and Y407V (EU numbering) . In some embodiments, a hole mutation in an IgG1 constant region includes T366S, L368A, and Y407V (EU numbering) . In some embodiments, a knob mutation in an IgG1 constant region includes S354C and T366W (EU numbering) . A hole mutation in an IgG1 constant region includes one or more mutations selected from Y349C, T366S, L368A, and Y407V.
[0178] Multispecific antibodies may also be made by engineering electrostatic steering effects for making antibody Fc-heterodimeric molecules (WO 2009 / 089004A1) ; cross-linking two or more antibodies or fragments (see, e.g., US Patent No. 4,676,980, and Brennan et al, Science, 229: 81 (1985) ) ; using leucine zippers to produce bi-specific antibodies (see, e.g., Kostelny et al, J. Immunol, 148 (5) : 1547-1553 (1992) ) ; using "diabody" technology for making bispecific antibody fragments (see, e.g., Hollinger et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90: 6444-6448 (1993) ) ; and using single-chain Fv (sFv) dimers (see, e.g. Gruber et al, J. Immunol, 152: 5368 (1994) ) ; and preparing trispecific antibodies as described, e.g., in Tutt et al. J. Immunol. 147: 60 (1991) .
[0179] In certain embodiments, the antibody includes an amino acid sequence, or one or more moieties not normally associated with an antibody. Exemplary modifications are described in more detail below. For example, an antibody of the disclosure may include a flexible linker sequence or may be modified to add a functional moiety (e.g., PEG, a drug, a toxin, or a label) .
[0180] Antibodies, variants, or derivatives thereof of the disclosure include derivatives that are modified, i.e., by the covalent attachment of any type of molecule to the antibody such that covalent attachment does not prevent the antibody from binding to the epitope. For example, but not by way of limitation, the antibodies can be modified, e.g., by glycosylation, acetylation, pegylation, phosphorylation, phosphorylation, amidation, derivatization by known protecting / blocking groups, proteolytic cleavage, linkage to a cellular ligand or other protein, etc. Any of numerous chemical modifications may be carried out by known techniques, including, but not limited to specific chemical cleavage, acetylation, formylation, metabolic synthesis of tunicamycin, etc. Additionally, the antibodies may contain one or more non-classical amino acids.
[0181] In some embodiments, the antibodies may be conjugated to therapeutic agents, prodrugs, peptides, proteins, enzymes, viruses, lipids, biological response modifiers, pharmaceutical agents, or PEG.
[0182] The antibodies may be conjugated or fused to a therapeutic agent, which may include detectable labels such as radioactive labels, an immunomodulator, a hormone, an enzyme, an oligonucleotide, a photoactive therapeutic or diagnostic agent, a cytotoxic agent, which may be a drug or a toxin, an ultrasound enhancing agent, a non-radioactive label, a combination thereof and other such agents known in the art. Polynucleotides Encoding the Antibodies and Methods of Preparing the Antibodies
[0183] The present disclosure also provides isolated polynucleotides or nucleic acid molecules encoding the antibodies, variants or derivatives thereof of the disclosure. The polynucleotides of the present disclosure may encode the entire heavy and light chain variable regions of the antigen-binding polypeptides, variants or derivatives thereof on the same polynucleotide molecule or on separate polynucleotide molecules. Additionally, the polynucleotides of the present disclosure may encode portions of the heavy and light chain variable regions of the antigen-binding polypeptides, variants or derivatives thereof on the same polynucleotide molecule or on separate polynucleotide molecules.
[0184] Methods of making antibodies are well known in the art and described herein. In certain embodiments, both the variable and constant regions of the antigen-binding polypeptides of the present disclosure are fully human. Fully human antibodies can be made using techniques described in the art and as described herein. For example, fully human antibodies against a specific antigen can be prepared by administering the antigen to a transgenic animal which has been modified to produce such antibodies in response to antigenic challenge, but whose endogenous loci have been disabled. Exemplary techniques that can be used to make such antibodies are described in U.S. patents: 6,150,584; 6,458,592; 6,420,140 which are incorporated by reference in their entireties. Treatment Methods
[0185] As described herein, the multifunctional antibodies, variants or derivatives of the present disclosure may be used in certain treatment and diagnostic methods.
[0186] The present disclosure is further directed to antibody-based therapies which involve administering the multifunctional antibodies of the disclosure to a patient such as an animal, a mammal, and a human for treating one or more of the disorders or conditions described herein. Therapeutic compounds of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, multifunctional antibodies of the disclosure (including variants and derivatives thereof as described herein) and nucleic acids or polynucleotides encoding antibodies of the disclosure (including variants and derivatives thereof as described herein) .
[0187] In some embodiments, provided are methods for treating a cancer in a patient in need thereof. The method, in one embodiment, entails administering to the patient an effective amount of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the present disclosure.
[0188] In some embodiments, provided are uses of the multifunctional antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof of the present disclosure in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a cancer in a patient in need thereof.
[0189] In some embodiments, provided are the multifunctional antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof of the present disclosure for use in the treatment of a cancer in a patient in need thereof.
[0190] Non-limiting examples of cancers include bladder cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, kidney cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and thyroid cancer.
[0191] Additional diseases or conditions associated with increased cell survival, that may be treated, prevented, diagnosed and / or prognosed with the multifunctional antibodies or variants, or derivatives thereof of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, progression, and / or metastases of malignancies and related disorders such as leukemia (including acute leukemias (e.g., acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia (including myeloblastic, promyelocytic, myelomonocytic, monocytic, and erythroleukemia) ) and chronic leukemias (e.g., chronic myelocytic (granulocytic) leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia) ) , polycythemia vera, lymphomas (e.g., Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's disease) , multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, heavy chain disease, and solid tumors including, but not limited to, sarcomas and carcinomas such as fibrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, chordoma, angiosarcoma, endotheliosarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphangioendotheliosarcoma, synovioma, mesothelioma, Ewing's tumor, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyo sarcoma, colon carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, papillary adenocarcinomas, cystadenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hepatoma, bile duct carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, Wilm's tumor, cervical cancer, testicular tumor, lung carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, epithelial carcinoma, glioma, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, craniopharyngioma, ependymoma, pinealoma, hemangioblastoma, acoustic neuroma, oligodendroglioma, menangioma, melanoma, neuroblastoma and retinoblastoma.
[0192] As demonstrated in the experimental examples, the multifunctional antibodies of the present disclosure can activate immune response which can then be useful for treating infections.
[0193] Infection is the invasion of an organism’s body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to these organisms and the toxins they produce. An infection can be caused by infectious agents such as viruses, viroids, prions, bacteria, nematodes such as parasitic roundworms and pinworms, arthropods such as ticks, mites, fleas, and lice, fungi such as ringworm, and other macroparasites such as tapeworms and other helminths. In one aspect, the infectious agent is a bacterium, such as Gram-negative bacterium. In one aspect, the infectious agent is virus, such as DNA viruses, RNA viruses, and reverse transcribing viruses. Non-limiting examples of viruses include Adenovirus, Coxsackievirus, Epstein–Barr virus, Hepatitis A virus, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, Herpes simplex virus, type 1, Herpes simplex virus, type 2, Cytomegalovirus, Human herpesvirus, type 8, HIV, Influenza virus, Measles virus, Mumps virus, Human papillomavirus, Parainfluenza virus, Poliovirus, Rabies virus, Respiratory syncytial virus, Rubella virus, Varicella-zoster virus.
[0194] The multifunctional antibodies of the present disclosure can also be used to treat an infectious disease caused by a microorganism, or kill a microorganism, by targeting the microorganism and an immune cell to effect elimination of the microorganism. In one aspect, the microorganism is a virus including RNA and DNA viruses, a Gram-positive bacterium, a Gram-negative bacterium, a protozoa or a fungus.
[0195] In another embodiment, the multifunctional antibodies and antigen binding fragments of the present disclosure can be used for treating inflammatory diseases or conditions, and autoimmune diseases or conditions.
[0196] In some embodiments, the inflammatory disease or condition to be treated by the disclosed antibodies, fragments and compositions includes one or more of Alzheimer’s disease, Addison’s disease, atherosclerosis, ankylosing spondylitis, arthritis, osteoarthritis (OA) , rheumatoid arthritis (RA) , psoriatic arthritis (PA) , ankylosing spondylitis, asthma, atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) , Crohn’s disease, colitis, dermatitis, diverticulitis, fibromyalgia, hepatitis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) , systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) , nephritis, Parkinson’s disease (PD) , vasculitis, and ulcerative colitis.
[0197] In some embodiments, the autoimmune disease or condition to be treated by the disclosed antibodies, fragments and compositions includes one or more of alopecia areata, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune hepatitis, dermatomyositis, diabetes (type 1) , celiac disease, autoimmune juvenile idiopathic arthritis, glomerulonephritis, Graves’ disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, myasthenia gravis, autoimmune myocarditis, multiple sclerosis, pemphigus / pemphigoid, pernicious anemia, polyarteritis nodosa, polymyositis, primary biliary cirrhosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma / systemic sclerosis, syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune thyroiditis, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, autoimmune uveitis, vitiligo, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s ) .
[0198] Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints. It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints. Pain and stiffness often worsen following rest. Most commonly, the wrist and hands are involved, with the same joints typically involved on both sides of the body. The disease may also affect other parts of the body. While the cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not clear, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The underlying mechanism involves the body’s immune system attacking the joints. This results in inflammation and thickening of the joint capsule. The goals of treatment are to reduce pain, decrease inflammation, and improve a person's overall functioning. Pain medications, steroids, and NSAIDs are frequently used to help with symptoms. A group of medications called disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) , such as hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate, may be used to try to slow the progression of disease.
[0199] Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. The most common symptoms are joint pain and stiffness. Initially, symptoms may occur only following exercise, but over time may become constant. Other symptoms may include joint swelling, decreased range of motion, and when the back is affected weakness or numbness of the arms and legs. Causes include previous joint injury, abnormal joint or limb development, and inherited factors. Risk is greater in those who are overweight, have one leg of a different length, and have jobs that result in high levels of joint stress. Osteoarthritis is believed to be caused by mechanical stress on the joint and low-grade inflammatory processes. Treatment includes exercise, efforts to decrease joint stress, support groups, and pain medications.
[0200] Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. This damage disrupts the ability of parts of the nervous system to communicate, resulting in a range of signs and symptoms, including physical, mental, and sometimes psychiatric problems. Specific symptoms can include double vision, blindness in one eye, muscle weakness, trouble with sensation, or trouble with coordination. While the cause is not clear, the underlying mechanism is thought to be either destruction by the immune system or failure of the myelin-producing cells. There is no known cure for multiple sclerosis. Treatments attempt to improve function after an attack and prevent new attacks.
[0201] Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. It is characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm. Symptoms include episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Environmental factors include exposure to air pollution and allergens. Asthma is classified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) , and peak expiratory flow rate. It may also be classified as atopic or non-atopic, where atopy refers to a predisposition toward developing a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction. There is no cure for asthma. Symptoms can be prevented by avoiding triggers, such as allergens and irritants, and by the use of inhaled corticosteroids. Long-acting beta agonists (LABA) or antileukotriene agents may be used in addition to inhaled corticosteroids if asthma symptoms remain uncontrolled. Treatment of rapidly worsening symptoms is usually with an inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonist such as salbutamol and corticosteroids taken by mouth. In very severe cases, intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate, and hospitalization may be required.
[0202] Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by long-term poor airflow. COPD can include two main conditions, emphysema and chronic bronchitis. In emphysema, the walls between many of the air sacs are damaged. As a result, the air sacs lose their shape and become floppy. This damage also can destroy the walls of the air sacs, leading to fewer and larger air sacs instead of many tiny ones. If this happens, the amount of gas exchange in the lungs is reduced. In chronic bronchitis, the lining of the airways stays constantly irritated and inflamed, and this causes the lining to swell. Lots of thick mucus forms in the airways, making it hard to breathe. There is no known cure for COPD, but the symptoms are treatable, and its progression can be delayed.
[0203] Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli, such as stubbing a toe, burning a finger, putting alcohol on a cut, or bumping the “funny bone” . Pain is a complex, subjective phenomenon, defining pain has been a challenge. Pain is also referred to as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Pain is sometimes regarded as a symptom of an underlying condition, such as inflammation.
[0204] A specific dosage and treatment regimen for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors, including the particular antibodies, variant or derivative thereof used, the patient's age, body weight, general health, sex, and diet, and the time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, and the severity of the particular disease being treated. Judgment of such factors by medical caregivers is within the ordinary skill in the art. The amount will also depend on the individual patient to be treated, the route of administration, the type of formulation, the characteristics of the compound used, the severity of the disease, and the desired effect. The amount used can be determined by pharmacological and pharmacokinetic principles well known in the art.
[0205] Methods of administration of the antibodies, variants or include but are not limited to intradermal, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous, intranasal, epidural, and oral routes. The antigen-binding polypeptides or compositions may be administered by any convenient route, for example by infusion or bolus injection, by absorption through epithelial or mucocutaneous linings (e.g., oral mucosa, rectal and intestinal mucosa, etc. ) and may be administered together with other biologically active agents. Thus, pharmaceutical compositions containing the antigen-binding polypeptides of the disclosure may be administered orally, rectally, parenterally, intracistemally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as by powders, ointments, drops or transdermal patch) , bucally, or as an oral or nasal spray.
[0206] The term “parenteral” as used herein refers to modes of administration which include intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intrasternal, subcutaneous and intra-articular injection and infusion.
[0207] Administration can be systemic or local. In addition, it may be desirable to introduce the antibodies of the disclosure into the central nervous system by any suitable route, including intraventricular and intrathecal injection; intraventricular injection may be facilitated by an intraventricular catheter, for example, attached to a reservoir, such as an Ommaya reservoir. Pulmonary administration can also be employed, e.g., by use of an inhaler or nebulizer, and formulation with an aerosolizing agent.
[0208] It may be desirable to administer the antigen-binding polypeptides or compositions of the disclosure locally to the area in need of treatment; this may be achieved by, for example, and not by way of limitation, local infusion during surgery, topical application, e.g., in conjunction, with a wound dressing after surgery, by injection, by means of a catheter, by means of a suppository, or by means of an implant, said implant being of a porous, non-porous, or gelatinous material, including membranes, such as sialastic membranes, or fibers. Preferably, when administering a protein, including an antibody, of the disclosure, care must be taken to use materials to which the protein does not absorb.
[0209] Methods of detecting expression of a human CD24 protein in a sample are also provided, in some embodiments, including contacting the sample with the antibody or fragment thereof, and detecting the binding which indicates expression of CD24 in the sample.
[0210] In certain embodiments, provided are uses of the multifunctional antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof of the present disclosure in the manufacture of a kit for detecting expression of a human CD24 protein in a sample. Compositions
[0211] The present disclosure also provides pharmaceutical compositions. Such compositions include an effective amount of a multifunctional antibody, and an acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the composition further includes a second anticancer agent (e.g., an immune checkpoint inhibitor) .
[0212] In a specific embodiment, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” means approved by a regulatory agency of the Federal or a state government or listed in the U.S. Pharmacopeia or other generally recognized pharmacopeia for use in animals, and more particularly in humans. Further, a “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” will generally be a non-toxic solid, semisolid or liquid filler, diluent, encapsulating material or formulation auxiliary of any type.
[0213] The term “carrier” refers to a diluent, adjuvant, excipient, or vehicle with which the therapeutic is administered. Such pharmaceutical carriers can be sterile liquids, such as water and oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil and the like. Water is a preferred carrier when the pharmaceutical composition is administered intravenously. Saline solutions and aqueous dextrose and glycerol solutions can also be employed as liquid carriers, particularly for injectable solutions. Suitable pharmaceutical excipients include starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, talc, sodium chloride, dried skim milk, glycerol, propylene, glycol, water, ethanol and the like. The composition, if desired, can also contain minor amounts of wetting or emulsifying agents, or pH buffering agents such as acetates, citrates or phosphates. Antibacterial agents such as benzyl alcohol or methyl parabens; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite; chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; and agents for the adjustment of tonicity such as sodium chloride or dextrose are also envisioned. These compositions can take the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsion, tablets, pills, capsules, powders, sustained-release formulations and the like. The composition can be formulated as a suppository, with traditional binders and carriers such as triglycerides. Oral formulation can include standard carriers such as pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharine, cellulose, magnesium carbonate, etc. Examples of suitable pharmaceutical carriers are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences by E.W. Martin, incorporated herein by reference. Such compositions will contain a therapeutically effective amount of the antigen-binding polypeptide, preferably in purified form, together with a suitable amount of carrier so as to provide the form for proper administration to the patient. The formulation should suit the mode of administration. The parental preparation can be enclosed in ampoules, disposable syringes or multiple dose vials made of glass or plastic.
[0214] In an embodiment, the composition is formulated in accordance with routine procedures as a pharmaceutical composition adapted for intravenous administration to human beings. Typically, compositions for intravenous administration are solutions in sterile isotonic aqueous buffer. Where necessary, the composition may also include a solubilizing agent and a local anesthetic such as lignocaine to ease pain at the site of the injection. Generally, the ingredients are supplied either separately or mixed together in unit dosage form, for example, as a dry lyophilized powder or water free concentrate in a hermetically sealed container such as an ampoule or sachette indicating the quantity of active agent. Where the composition is to be administered by infusion, it can be dispensed with an infusion bottle containing sterile pharmaceutical grade water or saline. Where the composition is administered by injection, an ampoule of sterile water for injection or saline can be provided so that the ingredients may be mixed prior to administration.
[0215] The compounds of the disclosure can be formulated as neutral or salt forms. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those formed with anions such as those derived from hydrochloric, phosphoric, acetic, oxalic, tartaric acids, etc., and those formed with cations such as those derived from sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, ferric hydroxides, isopropylamine, triethylamine, 2-ethylamino ethanol, histidine, procaine, etc. EXAMPLES Example 1. Generation of bifunctional antibodies against human CD24
[0216] This example shows the generation of bifunctional antibodies against human CD24. A bispecific antibody (1) against both human CD24 and human PD-L1 in a format of anti-PD-L1 sdAb-anti-CD24-IgG1 (FIG. 1, panel A and B) ; (2) against both human CD24 and human CD47 in a format of anti-CD24 scFv-anti-CD47-IgG1 (FIG. 1, panel E and F) ; and (3) against both human CD24 and human CD47 in a format of SIRPα domain 1-anti-CD24-IgG1 (FIG. 1, panel C and D) are generated. The sequences are listed as Table 4. Table 4. Amino acid sequence of the bifunctional antibodies Example 2. Properties of anti-CD24 x anti-PD-L1 antibodies
[0217] Four anti-CD24 x anti-PD-L1 BsAbs: L1C2H-IgG1 (4451HM15) , L1C2L-IgG1 (4451HM15) , L1C2H-IgG1 (4451HM6) and L1C2L-IgG1 (4451HM6) shown in Table 4 and FIG. 1 (panel A-B) were evaluated by ELISA / FACS binding, SPR, ligand blocking, ADCC and phagocytosis, etc. ELISA assay
[0218] An ELISA assay was conducted to test the binding affinity of the bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) .
[0219] Day 1:
[0220] 1. Dilute recombinant human CD24 protein to 1 μg / mL or recombinant human PD-L1 / B7-H1 (19-134) protein to 1 μg / mL in PBS.
[0221] 2. Add the dilutions into the 96-well high binding assay plate at 100 μL per well and incubated at 4℃ overnight.
[0222] Day 2:
[0223] 1. The next day, wash the wells with 300 μL per well washing buffer (0.05%Tween-20 in DPBS, pH7.4) for 4 times.
[0224] 2. Block the assay plates with 300 μL of blocking buffer (2%BSA in washing buffer, pH7.4) for 1.5 hour at room temperature.
[0225] 3. After incubation, wash the plates again with washing buffer for 4 times.
[0226] 4. Add 100 μL of diluted antibodies into each well and incubate at room temperature for 1 hour. The antibody is diluted in sample dilution buffer (0.5%BSA in washing buffer, pH7.4) .
[0227] 5. After incubation, wash the wells again with washing buffer for 4 times.
[0228] 6. Add 100 μL Peroxidase AffiniPure Goat Anti-Human IgG, Fcγ fragment specific (min X Hu, Bov, Hrs Sr Prot) to each well, and incubate at room temperature for 1 hour. The antibody is diluted 1: 10000 in antibody dilution buffer (0.5%BSA in washing buffer, pH7.4) .
[0229] 7. Wash the plates with washing buffer for 5 times.
[0230] 8. For color development, add 100 μL of TMB into each well and incubate for 4 min or 5 min.
[0231] 9. Stop the reaction by addition of 50 μL of ELISA stop solution.
[0232] 10. Measure the absorbance at 450 nm by EnVision.
[0233] The ELISA results on binding to CD24 and PD-L1 respectively were shown in FIG. 2 (panel A and B) , anti-CD24 x anti-PD-L1 BsAbs could dose-dependently bind to CD24 and PD-L1 protein, respectively. Anti-PD-L1 nano 112_08 is a nano antibody fused to IgG1 Fc, which shares the same sequence of the PD-L1 targeting moiety as in the BsAbs (such as L1C2H-IgG1 (4451HM15) , L1C2L-IgG1 (4451HM15) , L1C2H-IgG1 (4451HM6) and L1C2L-IgG1 (4451HM6) ) . 4451HM15-IgG1 and 4451HM15-IgG4 are CD24 antibodies, which share the same sequence of the CD24 (4451HM15) targeting moiety as in the BsAbs. Cell binding assay
[0234] 1. Cells (CD24 expressing MCF-7 and A549, PD-L1 expressing RKO and CHO-K1-PD-L1 cell) were resuspended in MACS buffer (PBS+2%FBS) at a density of 4×106 / mL. A total volume of 50 μL diluted cells was added into the wells of a 96 well round-bottom plate.
[0235] 2. To make 2×working solutions, we serially diluted antibody at 1: 4 ratio from 600nM or 80nM up to 8 doses in MACS buffer.
[0236] 3. A total volume of 50 μL diluted antibodies was added to the cell suspension and incubated for 30 minutes on ice. The final concentrations of antibodies started from 300nM or 40nM.
[0237] 4. To remove unbound antibodies, cells were washed with MACS buffer twice by centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 5 min.
[0238] 5. Cells were stained with 50 μL diluted Goat anti-Human IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody, PE (1: 1000) for 30 mins on ice.
[0239] 6. Repeat step 4 to remove unbound secondary antibody.
[0240] 7. Cells were resuspended in MACS buffer.
[0241] 8. Fluorescence measurement was acquired on Beckman flow cytometer and analyzed in Flowjo to determine the mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) . Results were shown in FIG. 3 (panel A-D) , anti-CD24 x anti-PD-L1 BsAbs could dose-dependently bind to CD24 and PD-L1-expressing cell line, respectively. SPR assay
[0242] 1. Preparation of running buffer: Running buffer is diluted from 10× HBS-EP+ buffer.
[0243] 2. Preparation of regeneration buffer (10mM glycine) : Weigh a certain amount of glycine and dissolve it in ultrapure water. Adjust the pH to 1.5~1.7 to obtain regeneration buffer.
[0244] 3. The assay was performed at 25 ℃ and the running buffer was HBS-EP+.
[0245] 4. Antibody was injected onto Series S Sensor Chip Protein A as Capture.
[0246] 5. Antigen was diluted multiple concentration and injected over the surface of flow cell 1 and 2 as association phase, followed by injecting running buffer as dissociation phase.
[0247] 6. Running configuration is listed as below.
[0248] Running configuration of SPR measurement
[0249] The result was shown in below Table 5. Table 5. SPR detection of the antibodies Block ELISA (CD24 and siglec10)
[0250] Day 1:
[0251] 1. Dilute recombinant human CD24-his Protein to 0.5 μg / mL in PBS.
[0252] 2. Add the dilutions into the 96-well high binding assay plate at 100 μL per well and incubated at 4℃ overnight.
[0253] Day 2:
[0254] 1. The next day, wash the wells with 300 μL per well washing buffer A (0.05%Tween-20 in DPBS, pH7.4) for 4 times.
[0255] 2. Block the assay plates with 300 μL of blocking buffer (2%BSA in washing buffer, pH7.4) for 1.5 hour at room temperature.
[0256] 3. After incubation, wash the plates again with washing buffer A (0.05%Tween-20 in DPBS, pH7.4) for 4 times.
[0257] 4. To make 2×working solutions, we serially diluted antibodies at 1: 4 ratio from 600nM up to 8 doses in ELISA buffer.
[0258] 5. To make 2×Biotin siglec10-his solutions, the concentrations of Biotin siglec10-his was 10μg / mL in ELISA buffer.
[0259] 6. To make 1×working solutions, Biotin siglec10-his was mixed with diluted antibodies or ELISA buffer (1: 1) .
[0260] 7. Add 100 μL of mixture into each well and incubate at room temperature for 1 hour. The final concentrations of antibodies started from 300nM, the final concentrations of Biotin siglec10-his was 5μg / mL.
[0261] 8. After incubation, wash the wells again with PBS for 4 times.
[0262] 9. Add 100 μL Pierce TM High sensitivity streptavidin HRP to each well, and incubate at room temperature for 1 hour. The HRP antibody is diluted 1: 4000 in ELISA buffer.
[0263] 10. Wash the plates with PBS for 4 times.
[0264] 11. For color development, add 100 μL of TMB into each well and incubate for 15min.
[0265] 12. Stop the reaction by addition of 50 μL of elisa stop solution.
[0266] 13. Measure the absorbance at 450 nm by EnVision.
[0267] The results were shown in FIG. 4, anti-CD24 x anti-PD-L1 BsAbs were able to block the interaction between CD24 and siglec-10. Phagocytosis assay
[0268] 1. CD14+ cells were sorted from fresh PBMC by CD14 magnetic beads.
[0269] 2. About 1×107 cells (1×106 cells / ml, 10cm dish) were cultured in 1640+10%FBS complete medium supplement with human M-CSF (50ng / mL) .
[0270] 3. On the 4th day, the medium was replaced with complete medium supplement with human M-CSF (50ng / mL) , human IL-4 (20ng / mL) and human IL-13 (20ng / mL) , and cultured for 3 days.
[0271] 4. Phagocytosis experiment can be carried out on the 7th day.
[0272] 5. Macrophages were scraped off by cell scraping, counted, and washed one by PBS.
[0273] 6. After trypsin digestion, tumor cells were collected, counted and washed one by PBS.
[0274] 7. Macrophage cells were labeled with Cell TraceTM Violet Cell Proliferation dye for 15 min at 37℃, at a density of 1 × 106 cells / ml (1: 2000) . Stain was quenched and cells were resuspended in 2%FBS+PBS buffer (MACS buffer) .
[0275] 8. Target cells were labeled with Cell Trace Far Red proliferation dye for 15 min at 37℃, at a density of 1 × 106 cells / ml (1: 1000) . Stain was quenched and cells were resuspended in MACS buffer.
[0276] 9. Target cells (1.8×106 cells / ml 50 μL) were co-cultured with macrophage cells (0.6×106 cells / ml 50 μL) , the E: T=1: 3.
[0277] 10. To make 3×working solutions, we serially diluted antibody at 1: 4 ratio from 300nM up to 8 doses in MACS buffer. A total volume of 50 μL diluted antibodies was added to the cell suspension and incubated for 1h at 37℃. The final concentrations of antibodies started from 100nM.
[0278] 11. Cells were washed with MACS buffer twice by centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 5 min.
[0279] 12. Cells were resuspended in MACS buffer and analyzed by Beckman flow meter.
[0280] 13. Flowjo software was used to analyze the flow data. BV421+APC+ cells represented tumor cells phagocytized by macrophages. Then graphpad software was used to plot and analyze the data according to the proportion of BV421+APC+ cells. The phagocytosis effect of anti-CD24 x anti-PD-L1 BsAbs against CD24-expressing cell line were shown in FIG. 5 (panel A-B) , and CD24 / PD-L1-expressing cell line was shown in FIG. 6 (panel A-C) . PD1 and PD-L1 reporter assay
[0281] Day 1:
[0282] Seed PD-L1 aAPC / CHO-K1 Cell (overnight) :
[0283] PD-L1 aAPC / CHO-K1 Cell were digested, centrifuge and resuspend with culture medium (F-12K+10%FBS+1%PS) at a density of 4×105 / mL.
[0284] Seed PD-L1 aAPC / CHO-K1 Cell in 96-well white plate, 100 μL / well (final cell number: 4×104 / well) .
[0285] Day 2:
[0286] 1. Prepare Effector cell:
[0287] a. Collect Jurkat-PD-1-NFAT cells, centrifuge.
[0288] b. Resuspend Jurkat-PD-1-NFAT cells with culture medium (RPMI 1640+10%FBS+1%PS) at a density of 1.25×106 / mL.
[0289] 2. Serially dilute antibodies from 2×40 nM (final concentration: 40 nM) , 1: 4 diluted for 8 points.
[0290] 3. Discard the culture medium of PD-L1 aAPC / CHO-K1 Cell, and transfer 40 μL Jurkat-PD-1-NFAT cells (5×104 / well) , 40 μL diluted Abs to the 96-well white plate.
[0291] Incubate the plate at 37 ℃, 5%CO2 for 6 hours.
[0292] Add 80 μL / well ONE-Glo into each well, wait at least 5 minutes to allow complete cell lysis.
[0293] Measure the luminescence by EnViSion.
[0294] Analyze and generate the fitting curve by Graphpad.
[0295] The experimental results were shown in FIG. 7. PD-L1 blocking function was maintained by anti-CD24 x anti-PD-L1 BsAbs. ADCC assay
[0296] 1. Tumor cells which were in logarithmic growth phase were washed with PBS, then were labeled with CellTraceTM Violet Cell Proliferation dye for 15 min at 37℃, at a density of 1-10×106 cells / ml (1: 1000) . Stain was quenched with MACS buffer (2%FBS+PBS buffer) .
[0297] 2. Cells were washed with MACS buffer once by centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 min.
[0298] 3. Tumor cells were resuspended with medium (OPTI-MEM+2%FBS) and seeded into the 96 well round bottom plate with 4×105 cells / mL in 50 μL.
[0299] 4. To make 4×working solutions, we serially diluted antibody at 1: 5 ratio from 400nM or 80nM up to 8 doses in complete medium.
[0300] 5.100μL of PBMC cells were added to the culture systems with 5×106 cells / mL at the ratio of 25: 1.
[0301] 6. A total volume of 50 μL diluted antibodies was added to the cell suspension. The final concentrations of antibodies started from 100nM or 20nM.
[0302] 7. The mixture were incubated at 37℃ and 5%CO2 for 4 h.
[0303] 8. Cells were washed with MACS buffer twice by centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 min.
[0304] 9. Add 70 μL diluted 7-AAD Viability Staining Solution (1: 100) into each well, the mixture were incubated at 4℃ for 10 min.
[0305] 10. Cells were analyzed by Beckman flow meter, BV421+Percp-5.5+ cells were tumor cells killed by PBMC.
[0306] 11. Flowjo software was used to analyze the flow data. Then graphpad software was used to plot and analyze.
[0307] The results were shown in FIG. 8 (panel A-C) . L1C2H-IgG1 (4451HM15) showed prominent ADCC activity against CD24-expressing (panel A) and CD24 / PD-L1-expressing (panel B-C) tumor cell lines. 4451HM15-IgG1-3A is a variant of 4451HM15-IgG1 that contains mutations in IgG1 Fc to enhance ADCC. In vivo efficacy (MC38-hCD24-hPD-L1)
[0308] To further explore the in vivo efficacy of anti-CD24 x anti-PD-L1 BsAb in MC38-hCD24-hPD-L1 tumor model, C57BL / 6 mice were inoculated subcutaneously with MC38-hCD24-hPD-L1 cells. After about a week, the tumor volumes were about 80-100 mm3, anti-CD24 benchmark antibody ATG-031-IgG1, anti-PD-L1 antibody Durvalumab, the combo of both, as well as anti-CD24 x anti-PD-L1 BsAb L1C2H-IgG1 (4451HM15) were intraperitoneally administrated twice per week for 3 weeks. The tumor volume and mice weight were monitored twice per week during the experiment.
[0309] The dosing regimen was shown in FIG. 9 panel A. The efficacy of the antibodies used were shown in FIG. 9 panel B. The detailed dosing regimen and tumor growth inhibition (TGI) are shown in Table 6. Table 6. Dosing regimen and in vivo efficacy of anti-CD24 x anti-PD-L1 BsAbs
[0310] From the results, anti-CD24 x anti-PD-L1 BsAb L1C2H-IgG1 (4451HM15) showed more significant tumor growth inhibition (TGI) than CD24 benchmark mAb ATG-031 or PD-L1 benchmark mAb Durvalumab alone. Example 3. Properties of anti-CD24 x anti-CD47 / SIRPα antibodies
[0311] Four anti-CD24x anti-SIRPα BsAbs molecules: 6-SPC2H-WT-IgG1, 6-SPC2L-WT-IgG1, 15-SPC2H-WT-IgG1 and 15-SPC2L-WT-IgG1 as shown in Table 4 and FIG. 1 (panel C-D) , together with anti-CD24x anti-CD47 BsAbs: C2FV-C4H-IgG4, C2FV-C4L-IgG4, C2FV-C4H-IgG1 and C2FV-C4L-IgG1 (Table 4 and FIG. 1 (panel E-F) ) were evaluated in this example. Cell binding assay
[0312] 1. Cells (NCCIT, Karpas299 and MCF-7) were resuspended in MACS buffer (PBS+2%FBS) at a density of 4×106 / mL. A total volume of 50 μL diluted cells was added into the wells of a 96 well round-bottom plate.
[0313] 2. To make 2×working solutions, we serially diluted antibody at 1: 4 ratio from 600nM up to 8 doses in MACS buffer.
[0314] 3. A total volume of 50 μL diluted antibodies was added to the cell suspension and incubated for 30 minutes on ice. The final concentrations of antibodies started from 300nM.
[0315] 4. To remove unbound antibodies, cells were washed with MACS buffer twice by centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 5 min.
[0316] 5. Cells were stained with 50 μL diluted Goat anti-Human IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody, PE (1: 1000) for 30 mins on ice.
[0317] 6. Repeat step 4 to remove unbound secondary antibody.
[0318] 7. Cells were resuspended in MACS buffer.
[0319] The results were shown in FIG. 10 (panel A-C) , anti-CD24 x anti-CD47 / SIRPα BsAbs could dose-dependently bind to CD24, CD47 and CD24 / CD47-expressing tumor cell lines, respectively. Hu5F9 (magrolimab) was used as anti-CD47 benchmark mAb. The control “CD47 mAb” shares the same sequence as the CD47 targeting moiety in the anti-CD24 x anti-CD47 BsAbs (such as C2FV-C4H-IgG4 / IgG1 and C2FV-C4L-IgG4 / IgG1) . Phagocytosis assay
[0320] 1. CD14+ cells were sorted from fresh PBMC by CD14 magnetic beads.
[0321] 2. About 1×107 cells (1×106 cells / ml, 10cm dish) were cultured in 1640+10%FBS complete medium supplement with human M-CSF (50ng / mL) ;
[0322] 3. On the 4th day, the medium was replaced with complete medium supplement with human M-CSF (50ng / mL) , human IL-4 (20ng / mL) and human IL-13 (20ng / mL) , and cultured for 3 days.
[0323] 4. Phagocytosis experiment can be carried out on the 7th day.
[0324] 5. Macrophages were scraped off by cell scraping, counted, and washed one by PBS.
[0325] 6. After trypsin digestion, tumor cells were collected, counted and washed one by PBS.
[0326] 7. Macrophage cells were labeled with Cell TraceTM Violet Cell Proliferation dye for 15 min at 37℃, at a density of 1 × 106 cells / ml (1: 2000) . Stain was quenched and cells were resuspended in 2%FBS+PBS buffer (MACS buffer) .
[0327] 8. Target cells were labeled with Cell Trace Far Red proliferation dye for 15 min at 37℃, at a density of 1 × 106 cells / ml (1: 1000) . Stain was quenched and cells were resuspended in MACS buffer.
[0328] 9. Target cells (1.8×106 cells / ml 50 μL) were co-cultured with macrophage cells (0.6×106 cells / ml 50 μL) , the E: T=1: 3.
[0329] 10. To make 3×working solutions, we serially diluted antibody at 1: 4 ratio from 300nM or 900nM up to 8 doses in MACS buffer. A total volume of 50 μL diluted antibodies was added to the cell suspension and incubated for 1h at 37℃. The final concentrations of antibodies started from 100nM or 300nM.
[0330] 11. Cells were washed with MACS buffer twice by centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 5 min.
[0331] 12. Cells were resuspended in MACS buffer and analyzed by Beckman flow meter;
[0332] 13. Flowjo software was used to analyze the flow data. BV421+APC+ cells represented tumor cells phagocytized by macrophages. Then graphpad software was used to plot and analyze the data according to the proportion of BV421+APC+ cells.
[0333] The results were shown in FIG. 11 (panel A-C) , anti-CD24 x anti-CD47 / SIRPα BsAbs could induce potent phagocytosis against CD24, CD47 and CD24 / CD47-expressing tumor cell lines, respectively.
[0334] A blocking ELISA (CD24 and siglec10) was similarly performed as described above in Example 2. The results were shown in FIG. 12 panel A, anti-CD24 x anti-CD47 / SIRPαBsAbs were able to block the interaction between CD24 and Siglec-10. FACS Block Assay (CD47 and SIRPα)
[0335] 1. MCF-7 cells were harvested and washed once by PBS, then resuspended in MACS buffer (PBS+2%FBS) at a density of 2×106 / mL. A total volume of 50 μL diluted cells was added into the wells of a 96 well round-bottom plate.
[0336] 2. To make 2×working solutions, we serially diluted antibody at 1: 4 ratio from 600 nM up to 8 doses in MACS buffer.
[0337] 3. The diluted antibody (50 μL) or MACS buffer (50 μL) was added to the plate, the cell was resuspended and incubated for 30 minutes on ice. The final concentrations of antibodies started from 300 nM.
[0338] 4. Cells were washed with MACS buffer twice by centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 5 min.
[0339] 5. The PE-Labeled Human SIRP alpha / CD172a Protein, Fc Tag was diluted by 1:300 ratio in MACS buffer.
[0340] 6. The diluted PE-Labeled Human SIRP alpha / CD172a Protein, Fc Tag (50 μL) was added to the plate, the cell was resuspended and incubated for 60 minutes on ice.
[0341] 7. Cells were washed with MACS buffer twice by centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 5 min.
[0342] 8. The cells were resuspended in 70 μL MACS buffer and detected by Flow cytometry.
[0343] 9. Fluorescence measurement acquired by Beckman flow cytometer was analyzed in Flowjo to determine the Geometric Mean fluorescence intensities (GMFI) . The results were shown in FIG. 12 panel B, anti-CD24 x anti-CD47 / SIRPα BsAbs were able to block the interaction between CD47 and SIRPα. Red cell binding
[0344] 1. Collect 10mL PBMC suspension and centrifugate at 200g for 15 minutes.
[0345] 2. Carefully remove the supernatant with 1mL pipette and wash with PBS twice, 200g, 15 minutes.
[0346] 3. Resuspend the red blood cell pellet with 100uL MACS buffer (PBS+2%FBS) , dilute with 30mL MACS buffer and split 50uL / well cell suspension to 96 well plate with round bottom.
[0347] 4. To make 2×working antibodies, we serially diluted antibody at 1: 4 ratio from 600nM up to 8 doses in MACS buffer.
[0348] 5. Add 50 μL antibody to the RBC plate and incubate at 4℃ for 30 minutes.
[0349] 6. After incubation, wash the antibody and cell mixture with MACS buffer 3 times, 350g, 5 minutes.
[0350] 7. Add Goat anti-Human IgG Fc Secondary Antibody, PE (1: 1000, dilute with MACS buffer) 50uL / well and incubate at 4℃ for 30 minutes.
[0351] 8. After incubation, wash the antibody and cell mixture with MACS buffer 2 times, 350g, 5 minutes.
[0352] 9. Resuspend the cell pellet with 200uL MACS buffer.
[0353] Cells were evaluated by flow cytometry in a Beckman cytoflex and analyzed by FlowJo.
[0354] The results were shown in FIG. 13 panel A-B. All the tested BsAbs showed much weaker red cell binding than anti-CD47 benchmark antibody Hu5F9 (magrolimab) . SIRD1-Fc WT is a control fusion protein consisting of WT SIRPα domain 1 fused to the N-terminus of each of the polypeptide of IgG1 Fc. In vivo safety evaluation experiment in hSIRPα / hCD47 transgenic mice
[0355] To further explore the in vivo toxicity of anti-CD24 BsAb in hSIRPα / hCD47 transgenic mice, anti-CD47 antibodies or anti-CD24 BsAb were intraperitoneally administrated at 10 mg / kg twice a week for 4 times. On the 5th and 14th days, anticoagulant blood was collected for blood routine testing. Results on the 5th and 14th were with similar pattern, representative data on the 5th day was shown in FIG. 14 panel A-B. The BsAb 15-SPC2H-WT-IgG1 showed negligible effect on RBC and much less decrease on platelet compared to anti-CD47 benchmark antibody Hu5F9, which was reported to cause red cell coagulation. SIRPα truncation
[0356] Two anti-CD24 BsAbs with truncated SIRPα domain 1 fusion (118 aa and 122 aa, respectively) were constructed: 15-SPC2H-IgG1 (118) and 15-SPC2H-IgG1 (122) . The in vitro activity was evaluated in the cell binding assay (FIG. 15 panel A) , phagocytosis (FIG. 15 panel B) , and ELISA assay (FIG. 16) . All the three BsAbs 15-SPC2H-IgG1 (118) , 15-SPC2H-IgG1 (122) and 15-SPC2H-WT-IgG1 exhibit comparable activity. 15-SPC2H-IgG1 (118) and 15-SPC2H-WT-IgG1 were selected in the following experiments. ELISA assay
[0357] Day 1:
[0358] 1. Dilute recombinant human CD24 protein to 1 μg / mL or recombinant human CD47 protein to 2 μg / mL in PBS.
[0359] 2. Add the dilutions into the 96-well high binding assay plate at 100 μL per well and incubated at 4℃ overnight.
[0360] Day 2:
[0361] 1. The next day, wash the wells with 300 μL per well washing buffer (0.05%Tween-20 in DPBS, pH7.4) for 4 times.
[0362] 2. Block the assay plates with 300 μL of blocking buffer (2%BSA in washing buffer, pH7.4) for 1.5 hour at room temperature.
[0363] 3. After incubation, wash the plates again with washing buffer for 4 times;
[0364] 4. Add 100 μL of diluted antibodies into each well and incubate at room temperature for 1 hour. The antibody is diluted in sample dilution buffer (0.5%BSA in washing buffer, pH7.4) .
[0365] 5. After incubation, wash the wells again with washing buffer for 4 times.
[0366] 6. Add 100 μL Peroxidase AffiniPure Goat Anti-Human IgG, Fcγ fragment specific (min X Hu, Bov, Hrs Sr Prot) to each well, and incubate at room temperature for 1 hour. The antibody is diluted 1: 10000 in antibody dilution buffer (0.5%BSA in washing buffer, pH7.4) .
[0367] 7. Wash the plates with washing buffer for 5 times.
[0368] 8. For color development, add 100 μL of TMB into each well and incubate for 3~4 min.
[0369] 9. Stop the reaction by addition of 50 μL of ELISA stop solution.
[0370] 10. Measure the absorbance at 450 nm by EnVision.
[0371] The results were shown in FIG. 16 panel A-B. The EC50 values are shown in Table 7. Table 7. EC50 values of the ELISA assay of the antibodies and BsAbs In vivo efficacy
[0372] To further explore the in vivo efficacy of anti-CD24 BsAb in SHP77 tumor model, SCID mice were inoculated subcutaneously with SHP77 cells. After about a week, the tumor volumes were about 100~120 mm3, anti-CD24 antibodies, anti-CD47 antibodies or anti-CD24 bsAb were intraperitoneally administrated for one time. The tumor volume and mice weight were monitored twice per week during the experiment.
[0373] From the results shown in FIG. 17 (panel A-B) , single dose administration of anti-CD24 x SIRPα fusion (15-SPC2H-IgG1 (118) and 15-SPC2H-WT-IgG1) leads to more potent tumor growth inhibition (TGI%) than anti-CD24 (4451HM15-IgG1-3A or ATG031-IgG1 (Antengene) ) , anti-CD47 (lemzoparlimab) as well as combo group after single dose administration. The dosing regimen and the BsAb anti-tumor efficacy were also shown in below Table 8. Table 8. Dosing regimen and anti-tumor efficacy of the BsAbs Ex vitro safety evaluation experiment in human whole blood
[0374] To further explore the ex vivo toxicity of anti-CD24 BsAb using human whole blood, the immune cells in the blood was analyzed after anti-CD24 antibodies, anti-CD47 antibodies or anti-CD24 BsAb (15-SPC2H-IgG1 (118) ) administration.
[0375] 1. Collect human whole blood and add 20 times red blood cell lysate, mix and stand for 5 minutes and centrifugate at 400g for 5 minutes.
[0376] 2. Cells were resuspended in MACS buffer (PBS+2%FBS) at a density of 1×107 / mL. A volume of 100 μL cells was added into the wells of a 96 well round-bottom plate.
[0377] 3. Centrifugate at 400g for 5 minutes and discard supernatant.
[0378] 4. Add 100 μL diluted antibody containing live dead (1: 1000) and Fc-block (5 μL) to the plate, the cells were mixed and incubated for 30 minutes at 4℃. Then Centrifugate at 400g for 5 minutes and discard supernatant.
[0379] 5. To make working antibodies, we serially diluted antibody at 1: 10 ratio from 10 μg / ml up to 3 doses in culture buffer (2%FBS+Opti-MEM) .
[0380] 6. Add working antibody to the plate, the cells were mixed and incubated for 4 h at 37℃.
[0381] 7. Centrifugate at 400g for 5 minutes and discard supernatant.
[0382] 8. Cells were stained with 100 μL diluted Goat anti-Human IgG, Fc Secondary Antibody, PE (1: 1000) for 30 mins at 4℃.
[0383] 9. To remove unbound antibodies, cells were washed with MACS buffer twice by centrifuged at 400g for 5 min.
[0384] 10. Add 100 μL diluted antibody (1: 100) containing CD45, CD11b, CD15, CD56, CD20 and CD3 to the plate, then the cells were mixed and incubated for 30 minutes at 4℃.
[0385] 11. To remove unbound antibodies, cells were washed with MACS buffer twice by centrifuged at 400g for 5 min.
[0386] 12. Cells were resuspended in 200μL MACS buffer.
[0387] 13. Fluorescence measurement was acquired on Beckman flow cytometer and analyzed in Flowjo.
[0388] The results of neutrophil depletion in CD45+ cells of the human whole blood were shown in FIG. 18, indicating less neutrophil depletion of the BsAb 15-SPC2H-IgG1 (118) as compared to CD24 mAbs in human whole blood assay.
[0389] One of the control antibodies, IMM47H-IgG1 3A, is a CD24 IgG1 mAb (CN113831412A) . The CD24-IgG1 Fc fragment has been engineered to have enhanced ADCC activity. ***
[0390] The present disclosure is not to be limited in scope by the specific embodiments described which are intended as single illustrations of individual aspects of the disclosure, and any compositions or methods which are functionally equivalent are within the scope of this disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the methods and compositions of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure cover the modifications and variations of this disclosure provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
[0391] All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
Claims
1.A multispecific antibody comprising:(1) a CD24 binding moiety that specifically binds to human CD24 protein; and(2) a second antigen-binding moiety that specifically binds to an immune checkpoint protein.2.The multispecific antibody of claim 1, wherein the CD24 binding moiety is selected from the group consisting of a Fab, a Fab’, a F (ab’) 2, a scFv and a sdAb.3.The multispecific antibody of claim 1 or 2, wherein the second antigen-binding moiety is a second antibody moiety or an antigen binding peptide.4.The multispecific antibody of claim 3, wherein the second antibody moiety is selected from the group consisting of a Fab, a Fab’, a F (ab’) 2, a scFv, and a sdAb.5.The multispecific antibody of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the second antigen-binding moiety is fused to N-terminus of the CD24 binding moiety.6.The multispecific antibody of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the CD24 binding moiety is fused to N-terminus of the second antigen-binding moiety.7.The multispecific antibody of claim 5 or 6, wherein the CD24 binding moiety is a Fab’ or a scFv.8.The multispecific antibody of any one of claims 5-7, wherein the second antigen-binding moiety is a Fab’, a sdAb, or a binding peptide.9.The multispecific antibody of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the CD24 binding moiety is fused to the second antigen-binding moiety via a linker.10.The multispecific antibody of any one of claims 7-9, whereina) the CD24 binding moiety is a scFv, and the second antigen-binding moiety is a Fab’;b) the CD24 binding moiety is a Fab’, and the second antigen-binding moiety is a sdAb; orc) the CD24 binding moiety is a Fab’, and the second antigen-binding moiety is a binding peptide.11.The multispecific antibody of any one of claims 1-10, further comprising a Fc domain.12.The multispecific antibody of claim 11, wherein the Fc domain is derived from any one selected from the group consisting of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4.13.The multispecific antibody of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the CD24 binding moiety comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain complementarity determining regions HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3, and a light chain variable region comprising light chain complementarity determining regions LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3, wherein the HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 comprise, respectively:HCDR1: GYHMN (SEQ ID NO: 1) or GYHMG (SEQ ID NO: 7) ,HCDR2: EINPITSDKTFNQKFKS (SEQ ID NO: 2) or EINPITSDKYFNQKFKS (SEQ ID NO: 8) ,HCDR3: RDYGTSLDY (SEQ ID NO: 3) ,LCDR1: RASKSISKYLA (SEQ ID NO: 4) , RASASISKYLA (SEQ ID NO: 9) , RASKSIKKYLA (SEQ ID NO: 10) or RASKSISKYGA (SEQ ID NO: 11) ,LCDR2: AGSTLHS (SEQ ID NO: 5) , andLCDR3: QQHNEYPIT (SEQ ID NO: 6) or QQHNEYPII (SEQ ID NO: 12) .14.The multispecific antibody of claim 13, wherein the HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 are HCDR1: GYHMG (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: EINPITSDKYFNQKFKS (SEQ ID NO: 8) , HCDR3: RDYGTSLDY (SEQ ID NO: 3) , LCDR1: RASASISKYLA (SEQ ID NO: 9) , LCDR2: AGSTLHS (SEQ ID NO: 5) , and LCDR3: QQHNEYPIT (SEQ ID NO: 6) .15.The multispecific antibody of claim 13, wherein the HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 are HCDR1: GYHMG (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: EINPITSDKTFNQKFKS (SEQ ID NO: 2) , HCDR3: RDYGTSLDY (SEQ ID NO: 3) , LCDR1: RASKSISKYGA (SEQ ID NO: 11) , LCDR2: AGSTLHS (SEQ ID NO: 5) , and LCDR3: QQHNEYPIT (SEQ ID NO: 6) .16.The multispecific antibody of claim 13, comprising a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 13, 15, and 23-24, or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 13, 15, and 23-24.17.The multispecific antibody of claim 16, comprising a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 14 and 16-22 or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 14 and 16-22.18.The multispecific antibody of claim 14, comprising a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24 or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 24, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19 or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 19.19.The multispecific antibody of claim 15, comprising a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 15, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21 or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 21.20.The multispecific antibody of any one of claims 1-19, wherein the immune checkpoint protein comprises PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3, CD28, CD122, 4-1BB, OX-40, OX40L, CD40, CD40L, LIGHT, ICOS, ICOSL, GITR, GITRL, CD27, VISTA, B7H3, B7H4, HEVM, BTLA, KIR, SIRPα or CD47.21.The multispecific antibody of claim 20, wherein the second antigen-binding moiety is a PD-L1 binding moiety.22.The multispecific antibody of claim 21, wherein the CD24 binding moiety is a Fab’, and the PD-L1 binding moiety is a sdAb comprises complementarity determining regions CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, wherein the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3, comprise, respectively:CDR1: SGTQFSDSKID (SEQ ID NO: 25) or SGTQFSDSKAD (SEQ ID NO: 28) ;CDR2: GIFSTGSTIYEDSVKG (SEQ ID NO: 26) or GIFQTGSTIYEDSVKG (SEQ ID NO: 29) ; andCDR3: IGRGILA (SEQ ID NO: 27) , IGIGILA (SEQ ID NO: 30) , IGRGTLA (SEQ ID NO: 31) or IGIGTLA (SEQ ID NO: 32) .23.The multispecific antibody of claim 22, wherein the PD-L1 binding moiety comprises the CDR1: SGTQFSDSKID (SEQ ID NO: 25) , the CDR2: GIFQTGSTIYEDSVKG (SEQ ID NO: 29) , and the CDR3: IGRGTLA (SEQ ID NO: 31) .24.The multispecific antibody of claim 23, which the PD-L1 binding moiety comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33, or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 33.25.The multispecific antibody of any one of claims 21-24, wherein the CD24 binding moiety comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, and the PD-L1 binding moiety comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33.26.The multispecific antibody of any one of claims 21-24, wherein the CD24 binding moiety comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21, and the PD-L1 binding moiety comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33.27.The multispecific antibody of claim 20, wherein the second antigen-binding moiety is a CD47 binding moiety.28.The multispecific antibody of claim 27, wherein the CD24 binding moiety is a Fab’, and the CD47 binding moiety is a SIRPα domain 1 peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 42-44, and a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 42-44.29.The multispecific antibody of any one of claims 28, wherein the CD24 binding moiety comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, and the CD47 binding moiety comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 42-44.30.The multispecific antibody of claim 28, wherein the CD24 binding moiety comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21, and the CD47 binding moiety comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 42-44.31.The multispecific antibody of any one of claims 10-20, wherein the CD24 binding moiety is a scFv, and the CD47 binding moiety is a Fab’ comprising a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain complementarity determining regions HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3, and a light chain variable region comprising light chain complementarity determining regions LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3, wherein the HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 are HCDR1: RAWMN (SEQ ID NO: 34) , HCDR2: RIKRKTDGETTDYAAPVKG (SEQ ID NO: 35) , HCDR3: SSYAFDI (SEQ ID NO: 36) , LCDR1: KSSQSVLYAGNNRNYLA (SEQ ID NO: 37) , LCDR2: QASTRAS (SEQ ID NO: 38) , and LCDR3: QQYYTPPLA (SEQ ID NO: 39) .32.The multispecific antibody of claim 31, wherein the CD47 binding moiety comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 40 or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 40, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41 or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 41.33.A composition comprising the multispecific antibody of any one of claims 1-32, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.34.An isolated cell comprising one or more polynucleotide encoding the multispecific antibody of any one of claims 1-32.35.A polynucleotide encoding one or more chains of the multispecific antibody of any one of claims 1-32.36.A method of treating a cancer in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient the multispecific antibody of any one of claims 1-32.37.The method of claim 36, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of bladder cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, kidney cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and thyroid cancer.38.The method of claim 36 or 37, further comprising administering to the patient a second therapy for treating said cancer.39.The method of claim 38, wherein said therapy is selected from the group consisting of immunotherapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.40.A method for treating an autoimmune disease or inflammatory condition in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient the multispecific antibody of any one of claims 1-32.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Bispecific antibody fusion protein targeting CD24 and CD47 as well as preparation method and application of bispecific antibody fusion protein
CN116606377A
Multispecific agents for treatment of cancer
WO2020198353A1
Novel Anti-CD24 antibodies
WO2022170280A2
Bispecific antigen binding protein
WO2023093744A1
Anti-PD-l1 nanobodies
WO2024104373A1