Peak-to-average power ratio waveform for analog channel state information feedback
By inserting parity symbols into the phase modulator input sequence for analog CSI feedback, the method addresses high PAPR issues in wireless communication systems, enhancing demodulation efficiency and reducing computational demands.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QUALCOMM INC
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-11
Smart Images

Figure CN2024137313_11062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PEAK-TO-AVERAGE POWER RATIO WAVEFORM FOR ANALOG CHANNEL STATE INFORMATION FEEDBACKFIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0001] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods associated with a peak-to-average power ratio waveform for analog channel state information feedback.BACKGROUND
[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services, which may involve carrying or supporting voice, text, other messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication among multiple wireless communication devices including user devices or other devices by sharing the available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Such multiple-access RATs are supported by technological advancements that have been adopted in various telecommunication standards, which define common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a local, municipal, national, regional, or global level.
[0003] An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR) . NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . NR (and other RATs beyond NR) may be designed to better support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, Internet of things (IoT) networks or reduced capability device deployments, and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) applications. To support these verticals, NR systems may be designed to implement a modularized functional infrastructure, a disaggregated and service-based network architecture, network function virtualization, network slicing, multi-access edge computing, millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies including massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, among other examples. As the demand for connectivity continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other RATs, such as 6G and beyond, may be introduced to enable new applications and facilitate new use cases.SUMMARY
[0004] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) . The method may include receiving a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) . The method may include transmitting an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on inserting a quantity of parity symbols into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein the parity symbols enable a device that receives the analog CSI feedback signal to determine locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal.
[0005] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a network node. The method may include transmitting a CSI-RS. The method may include receiving an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on a quantity of parity symbols being inserted into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal are determined based at least in part on the quantity of parity symbols being inserted into the input sequence.
[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to receive a CSI-RS. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to transmit an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on inserting a quantity of parity symbols into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein the parity symbols enable a device that receives the analog CSI feedback signal to determine locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal.
[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a network node. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to transmit a CSI-RS. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to receive an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on a quantity of parity symbols being inserted into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal are determined based at least in part on the quantity of parity symbols being inserted into the input sequence.
[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a UE for wireless communication. The user equipment may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to receive a CSI-RS. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on inserting a quantity of parity symbols into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein the parity symbols enable a device that receives the analog CSI feedback signal to determine locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal.
[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a network node for wireless communication. The network node may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit a CSI-RS. The one or more processors may be configured to receive an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on a quantity of parity symbols being inserted into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal are determined based at least in part on the quantity of parity symbols being inserted into the input sequence.
[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving a CSI-RS. The apparatus may include means for transmitting an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on inserting a quantity of parity symbols into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein the parity symbols enable a device that receives the analog CSI feedback signal to determine locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal.
[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for transmitting a CSI-RS. The apparatus may include means for receiving an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on a quantity of parity symbols being inserted into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal are determined based at least in part on the quantity of parity symbols being inserted into the input sequence.
[0012] Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network node, network entity, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described with reference to, and as illustrated by, this specification and accompanying drawings.
[0013] The foregoing paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of the present disclosure. These and additional aspects and associated advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed aspects may be used as a basis for modifying or designing other aspects for carrying out the same or similar purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] The appended drawings illustrate some aspects of the present disclosure but are not limiting of the scope of the present disclosure because the description may enable other aspects. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. The same or similar reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0015] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0016] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated network node architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0017] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of physical channels and reference signals in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0018] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitting and receiving processing flow for communicating analog channel state information (CSI) feedback, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0019] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of constant envelope orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) phase modulation, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0020] Figs. 6-8 are diagrams of an example associated with peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) waveform for analog CSI feedback, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0021] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a user equipment (UE) or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0022] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a network node or an apparatus of a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0023] Fig. 11 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0024] Fig. 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms. The present disclosure is not to be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated by or described with reference to an accompanying drawing or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art may appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using various combinations or quantities of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover an apparatus having, or a method that is practiced using, other structures and / or functionalities in addition to or other than the structures and / or functionalities with which various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein may be practiced. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0026] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0027] In a wireless communication network, a signal is generally transmitted from a transmitter node to a receiver node over a wireless communication channel. While the signal is traveling over the wireless communication channel, the signal may be distorted and / or noise may be added to the signal due to various factors. For example, the signal may be subject to attenuation, phase shift, scattering, power decay, large scale fading, small scale fading, interference experienced by the transmitter node, interference experienced by the receiver node, and / or capabilities of the transmitter node and / or the receiver node (e.g., multi-antenna capabilities and / or maximum transmission power) , among other examples. Accordingly, in order to adapt transmission parameters and / or reception parameters to ensure that the signal can be received and properly decoded by the receiver node, the transmitter node and / or the receiver node may perform channel estimation to learn characteristics associated with the wireless communication channel between the transmitter node and the receiver node and correct for any distortion or noise in the wireless channel.
[0028] For example, before each transmission and / or at periodic intervals, the wireless communication channel between the transmitter node and the receiver node may be learned based on pilot or reference signals that are transmitted over the wireless communication channel. For example, in order to estimate a downlink channel from a network node to a user equipment (UE) , the network node may transmit a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) or another suitable pilot or reference signal to the UE. The UE may then measure or otherwise estimate the downlink channel using the CSI-RS (e.g., based on a correlation between properties associated with the transmitted CSI-RS and properties associated with the received CSI-RS) , use the estimated downlink channel to demodulate a downlink signal, and transmit CSI feedback based on the estimated downlink channel to the network node (e.g., in a CSI report) . The network node may then use the CSI feedback to adapt one or more transmission parameters for a downlink transmission to occur in a next time instance (e.g., the network node may adapt a modulation order, a code rate, a precoder, a transmission power, and / or other suitable parameters based on a quality or a strength of the downlink channel) . Furthermore, for an uplink channel, the UE may transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS) to enable the network node to perform uplink channel estimation and demodulate an uplink transmission in a similar manner.
[0029] In general, the state associated with a wireless communication channel (e.g., the characteristics or properties of a wireless channel that are learned from measuring a reference signal) tends to be highly dynamic, as channel estimation may depend on factors such as device mobility affecting the number and / or relative positions of devices within a wireless environment, physical properties of the wireless environment surrounding the transmitter node and the receiver node (e.g., objects that may reflect, scatter, and / or block wireless signals) , and / or other factors. Accordingly, in a wireless environment where the presence and / or movement of devices and / or objects dynamically vary, the channel estimate used to adapt transmission parameters and / or improve demodulation performance is neither static nor predictable from one time instance to the next. The transmitter node and the receiver node therefore need to frequently perform channel estimation and / or provide CSI feedback based on reference signal transmissions (e.g., at every time instance, before every transmission, and / or at periodic intervals) , which can introduce significant overhead in a wireless communication network (e.g., requiring frequent reference signal transmissions, measurements, and / or transmission of CSI feedback) . Furthermore, channel estimation tends to be a reactive mechanism, where transmission and / or reception parameters are adapted based on current or recent conditions associated with a wireless communication channel that could potentially no longer exist at the time that a transmission is actually performed.
[0030] In some cases, the CSI feedback may be transmitted in digital form (e.g., digital CSI feedback) . In these cases, the CSI may be compressed and quantized to a minimal number of bits. This minimal number of bits is then transmitted to a wireless communication device (e.g., a UE or a network node) that transmitted a reference signal based on which the CSI is generated using a low-rate channel code.
[0031] In some cases, the CSI feedback may be transmitted in analog form (e.g., analog CSI feedback) . For example, unquantized time domain channel coefficients (e.g., a continuous-valued signal) across transmit / receive antennas and delay taps may be treated as modulated symbols. The unquantized time domain channel coefficients may be directed mapped to an uplink channel and transmitted to a transmitting device unquantized and without channel coding.
[0032] In some cases, the number of channel coefficients that may be reported via analog CSI feedback may depend on a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) associated with a wireless communication channel via which the analog CSI feedback is transmitted. For example, at a low SNR (e.g., an SNR that fails to satisfy an SNR threshold) , only relatively strong channel coefficients may be reported. At a high SNR (e.g., an SNR that satisfies the SNR threshold) , all non-zero channel coefficients (e.g., weak and strong channel coefficients) may be reported.
[0033] In some cases, when reporting both weak and strong channel coefficients, the channel coefficients may be assigned with different transmit powers due to the inherent amplitude difference between the weak and strong channel coefficients (e.g., a strong channel coefficient has a larger amplitude than a weak channel coefficient) . In some cases, assigning the channel coefficients with different transmit powers may cause a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) to be relatively high (e.g., relative to a PAPR associated with transmitting digital CSI feedback) .
[0034] In some cases, a constant envelope orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with phase modulation technique may be utilized to reduce the PAPR associated with transmitting analog CSI feedback. For example, an N-point OFDM output may be modulated using phase or frequency modulation prior to amplification. In some cases, because the N-point OFDM output is modulated using phase or frequency modulation prior to amplification, a device receiving the analog CSI feedback may perform inverse phase demodulation on the received signal prior to performing OFDM demodulation.
[0035] In some cases, inverse phase demodulation may introduce phase ambiguity due to phase jump associated with the received phase crossing the π-radian boundary. In some cases, phase unwrapping may be performed after performing the inverse phase demodulation to undo any phase wrapping. However, phase unwrapping a noisy signal may be computationally difficult and may require a relatively large number of computing resources. Further, the presence of noise in the received signal may result in large bursts of errors especially when a phase modulation index or a peak phase deviation is increased.
[0036] Various aspects relate generally to utilizing parity symbols to determine locations of phase wrapping errors in a phase demodulated signal. Some aspects more specifically relate to inserting a quantity of parity symbols into an analog CSI feedback signal to enable a receiving device (e.g., a network node) to utilize the parity symbols to determine the locations of phase wrapping errors in a phase demodulated signal. In some aspects, the quantity of parity symbols may be inserted prior to performing phase modulation.
[0037] In some aspects, the parity symbols may be based on the unquantized analog CSI feedback signal. In some aspects, the parity symbols may be generated to cause a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of an input sequence to the phase modulator to have zeros on particular frequency positions. In some aspects, a non-zero value of the components of the DFT of the phase demodulated output sequence in these particular frequency positions may be caused by phase wrapping errors.
[0038] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, the described techniques can be used to detect locations of phase wrapping errors caused by non-linear phase demodulation. By enabling a receiving device to detect locations of the phase wrapping errors, constant envelope OFDM with phase modulation can be used to reduce a PAPR associated with a transmission of analog CSI feedback.
[0039] As described above, wireless communication systems may be deployed to provide various services, which may involve carrying or supporting voice, text, other messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. Some wireless communications systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) . The multiple-access RATs may be capable of supporting communication with multiple wireless communication devices by sharing the available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Examples of such multiple-access RATs include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, OFDMA systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0040] Multiple-access RATs are supported by technological advancements that have been adopted in various telecommunication standards, which define common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a local, municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . 5G NR may support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, Internet of Things (IoT) networks or reduced capability (RedCap) device deployments, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) applications, and / or massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , among other examples.
[0041] To support these and other target verticals, a wireless communication system may be designed to implement a modularized functional infrastructure, a disaggregated and service-based network architecture, network function virtualization, network slicing, multi-access edge computing, millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies including massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , beamforming, IoT device or RedCap device connectivity and management, industrial connectivity, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , frequency spectrum expansion, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication (for example, sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) ) , multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing, network energy savings (NES) , low-power signaling and radios, and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) , among other examples.
[0042] The foregoing and other technological improvements may support use cases, such as wireless fronthauls, wireless midhauls, wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and / or aerial platforms, among other examples.
[0043] As the demand for connectivity continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other RATs, such as 6G and beyond, may be introduced to enable new applications and facilitate new use cases. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies or new technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases or new use cases.
[0044] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100, in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110. For example, in Fig. 1, the wireless communication network 100 includes a network node (NN) 110a and a network node 110b. The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120. For example, in Fig. 1, the network nodes 110 support communication with a UE 120a, a UE 120b, and a UE 120c. In some examples, a UE 120 may also communicate with other UEs 120 and a network node 110 may communicate with a core network and with other network nodes 110.
[0045] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, and / or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless communication networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 100 may support a particular RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency bands or ranges. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with other RATs. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) , in which multiple RATs are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may support communication over unlicensed spectrum, where access to an unlicensed channel is subject to a channel access mechanism. For example, in a shared or unlicensed frequency band, a transmitting device may perform a channel access procedure, such as a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure, to contend against other devices for channel access before transmitting on a shared or unlicensed channel.
[0046] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz) , which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into the mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to mid-band frequencies or to frequencies that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, FR5, and / or the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz.
[0047] A network node 110 and / or a UE 120 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication with other devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. For example, a UE 120 and a network node 110 may each include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system, such as a processing system 140 of the UE 120 or a processing system 145 of the network node 110. A processing system (for example, the processing system 140 and / or the processing system 145) includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , and / or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (any one or more of which may be generally referred to herein individually as a “processor” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . Such processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set. In some other examples, each of a group of processors may be configurable or configured to perform a same set of functions.
[0048] The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 may each include memory circuitry in the form of one or multiple memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements, or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include or implement tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) , or combinations thereof (any one or more of which may be generally referred to herein individually as a “memory” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code or instructions (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be configured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
[0049] The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 may each include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a cellular (for example, a 5G or 6G compliant) modem) . In some examples, one or more processors of the processing system 140 and / or the processing system 145 include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 may also include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some examples, one or more processors of the processing system 140 and / or the processing system 145 include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains, or transceivers. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by the processing system 140 of the UE 120 or by the processing system 145 of the network node 110) .
[0050] A network node 110 and a UE 120 may each include one or multiple antennas or antenna arrays. Typical network nodes 110 and UEs 120 may include multiple antennas, which may be organized or structured into one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. As used herein, the term “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. The term “antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters associated with the group of antennas. The term “antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas as well as one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device such as the network node 110 and the UE 120.
[0051] A network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) . In various deployments, a network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements a part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node having an aggregated architecture, meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single physical structure in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that operates with a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.
[0052] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , having a disaggregated architecture, meaning that the network node 110 may operate with a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. An example disaggregated network node architecture is described in more detail below with reference to Fig. 2. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating network functionality into multiple units or modules that can be individually deployed.
[0053] The network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , and one or more radio units (RUs) . A CU may host one or more higher layers, such as a radio resource control (RRC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host a lower PHY layer that is configured to perform functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (IFFT) , beamforming, and / or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, among other examples. An RU may perform RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an IFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer split (LLS) . In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120. In some examples, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples, which may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as in a cloud deployment.
[0054] Some network nodes 110 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. The term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 or to a network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may support one or more cells (for example, each cell may support communication within an angular (for example, 60 degree) range around the network node) . In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with associated service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may also allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with associated service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 110 (for example, a train, a satellite, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or an NTN network node) .
[0055] The wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / or disaggregated network nodes, among other examples. Various different types of network nodes 110 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas (for example, a cell 130a and a cell 130b) , and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 100 than other types of network nodes 110.
[0056] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the coverage area of the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an access terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, or smart jewelry) , a gaming device, an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, or a satellite radio) , an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.
[0057] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may facilitate massive IoT in the wireless communication network 100, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 120 in a second category. UEs 120 in a second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, eMBB, and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100, among other examples. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (for example, a capability between that of the UEs 120 of the first category and that of the UEs 120 of the second capability) . A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capability UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, or smart city deployments, among other examples.
[0058] In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (for example, frames, subframes, slots, and symbols) , frequency domain resources (for example, frequency bands, component carriers (CCs) , subcarriers, resource blocks, and resource elements) , and spatial domain resources (for example, particular transmit directions or beams) .
[0059] Frequency domain resources may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous set of resource blocks (RBs) within a full component carrier bandwidth) that may be configured at a UE-specific level. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (which may be the same or different) . Each BWP may be associated with its own numerology (indicating a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) and cyclic prefix (CP) ) . A BWP may be dynamically configured or activated (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a downlink control information (DCI) configuration to the one or more UEs 120) and / or reconfigured (for example, in real-time or near-real-time) according to changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or specific requirements of one or more UEs 120. An active BWP defines the operating bandwidth of the UE 120 within the operating bandwidth of the serving cell. The use of BWPs enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 120 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 120 is required to monitor and reduce UE power consumption by enabling the UE to monitor fewer frequency domain resources) , leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 120. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability (for example, RedCap) UEs 120 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 120 and / or by facilitating reduced UE power consumption.
[0060] As used herein, a downlink signal may be or include a reference signal, control information, or data. For example, downlink reference signals include a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary SS (SSS) , an SS block (SSB) (for example, that includes a PSS, an SSS, and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) ) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) , a tracking reference signal (TRS) , and a CSI-RS, among other examples. A downlink signal carrying control information or data may be transmitted via a downlink channel. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels for transmitting control information and one or more data channels for transmitting data. Downlink reference signals may be transmitted in addition to, or multiplexed with, downlink control channel communications and / or downlink data channel communications. A downlink control channel may be specifically used to transmit DCI from a network node 110 to a UE 120. DCI generally contains the information the UE 120 needs to identify RBs in a subsequent subframe and how to decode them, including a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or redundancy version parameters. Different DCI formats carry different information, such as scheduling information in the form of downlink or uplink grants, slot format indicators (SFIs) , preemption indicators (PIs) , transmit power control (TPC) commands, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) information, new data indicators (NDIs) , among other examples. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) , and downlink data channels may include physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Control information or data communications may be transmitted on a PDCCH and PDSCH, respectively. For example, a PDCCH can carry DCI, while a PDSCH can carry a MAC control element (MAC-CE) , an RRC message, or user data, among other examples. Each PDSCH may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data.
[0061] As used herein, an uplink signal may include a reference signal, control information, or data. For example, uplink reference signals include an SRS, a PTRS, and a DMRS, among other examples. An uplink signal carrying control information or data may be transmitted via an uplink channel. An uplink channel may include one or more control channels for transmitting control information and one or more data channels for transmitting data. Uplink reference signals may be transmitted in addition to, or multiplexed with, uplink control channel communications and / or uplink data channel communications. An uplink control channel may be specifically used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . Control information or data communications may be transmitted on a PUCCH and PUSCH, respectively. For example, a PUCCH can carry UCI, while a PUSCH can carry a MAC-CE, an RRC message, or user data, among other examples. UCI can include a scheduling request (SR) , HARQ feedback information (for example, a HARQ acknowledgement (ACK) indication or a HARQ negative acknowledgement (NACK) indication) , uplink power control information (for example, an uplink TPC parameter) , and / or CSI, among other examples. CSI can include a channel quality indicator (CQI) (indicative of downlink channel conditions to facilitate selection of transmission parameters, such as an MCS, by a network node 110) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) (for example, indicative of a beam used to transmit a CSI-RS) , an SS / PBCH resource block indicator (SSBRI) (for example, indicative of a beam used to transmit an SSB) , a layer indicator (LI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and / or measurement information (for example, a layer 1 (L1) -reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, among other examples) which can be used for beam management, among other examples. Each PUSCH may carry one or more TBs of data.
[0062] The information (for example, data, control information, or reference signal information) transmitted by a network node 110 to a UE 120, or vice versa, may be represented as a sequence of binary bits that are mapped (for example, modulated) to an analog signal waveform (for example, a DFT-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform or a CP-OFDM waveform) that is transmitted by the network node 110 or UE 120 over a wireless communication channel. In some examples, the network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively) may select an MCS (for example, an order of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) , such as 64-QAM, 128-QAM, or 256-QAM, among other examples) for a downlink signal or an uplink signal. For example, the network node 110 may select an MCS for a downlink signal in accordance with UCI received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may transmit, to the UE 120, an indication of the selected MCS for the downlink signal, such as via DCI that schedules the downlink signal. As another example, the network node 110 may transmit, and the UE 120 may receive, an indication of an MCS to be applied for the one or more uplink signals, such as via DCI scheduling transmission of the one or more uplink signals.
[0063] The network node 110 or the UE 120 (such as by using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, and / or one or more coupled modems) may perform signal processing on the information (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, an IFFT operation, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, and / or encoding, among other examples) to generate a processed signal in accordance with the selected MCS. In some examples, the network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, and / or one or more coupled encoders or modems) may perform a channel coding operation or a forward error correction (FEC) operation to control errors in transmitted information. For example, the network node 110 or the UE 120 may perform an encoding operation to generate encoded information (such as by selectively introducing redundancy into the information, typically using an error correction code (ECC) , such as a polar code or a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code) . The network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 and / or one or more modems) may further perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the encoded information to generate one or more processed or precoded signals for downlink or uplink transmission, respectively. In some examples, the network node 110 or the UE 120 may perform codebook-based precoding or non-codebook-based precoding. Codebook-based precoding may involve selecting a precoder (for example, a precoding matrix) using a codebook. For example, the network node 110 may provide precoding information indicating which precoder, defined by the codebook, is to be used by the UE 120. Non-codebook-based precoding may involve selecting or deriving a precoder based on, or otherwise associated with, one or more downlink or uplink signal measurements. The network node 110 or the UE 120 may transmit the processed downlink or uplink signals, respectively, via one or more antennas.
[0064] The network node 110 or the UE 120 may receive uplink signals or downlink signals, respectively, via one or more antennas. The network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, and / or one or more coupled modems) may perform signal processing (for example, in accordance with the MCS) on the received uplink or downlink signals, respectively (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, an FFT operation, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, and / or decoding, among other examples) , to map the received signal (s) to a sequence of binary bits (for example, received information) that estimates the information transmitted by the network node 110 or the UE 120 via the downlink or uplink signals. The network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, and / or a coupled decoder or one or more modems) may decode the received information (such as by using an ECC, a decoding operation, and / or an FEC operation) to detect errors and / or correct bit errors in the received information to generate decoded information. The decoded information may estimate the information transmitted via the downlink or uplink signals.
[0065] In some examples, a UE 120 and a network node 110 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. A network node 110 and / or UE 120 may communicate using massive MIMO, multi-user MIMO, or single-user MIMO, which may involve rapid switching between beams or cells. For example, the amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating a phase shift, a phase offset, and / or an amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. For example, the network node 110b may generate one or more beams 160a, and the UE 120b may generate one or more beams 160b. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction, a directional reception of a wireless signal from a transmitting device or otherwise in a desired direction, a direction associated with a directional transmission or directional reception, a set of directional resources associated with a signal transmission or signal reception (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction) , a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal, among other examples.
[0066] MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may include a massive MIMO technique which may be associated with an increased (for example, “massive” ) quantity of antennas at the network node 110 and / or at the UE 120, such as in a network implementing mmWave technology. Massive MIMO may improve communication reliability by enabling a network node 110 and / or a UE 120 to communicate the same data across different propagation (or spatial) paths. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . Some RATs may employ MIMO techniques, such as multi-TRP (mTRP) operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) , reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency-network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .
[0067] To support MIMO techniques, the network node 110 and the UE 120 may perform one or more beam management operations, such as an initial beam acquisition operation, one or more beam refinement operations, and / or a beam recovery operation. For example, an initial beam acquisition operation may involve the network node 110 transmitting signals (for example, SSBs, CSI-RSs, or other signals) via respective beams (for example, of the beams 160a of the network node 110) and the UE 120 receiving and measuring the signal (s) via respective beams of multiple beams (for example, from the beams 160b of the UE 120) to identify a best beam (or beam pair) for communication between the UE 120 and the network node 110. For example, the UE 120 may transmit an indication (for example, in a message associated with a random access channel (RACH) operation) of a (best) identified beam of the network node 110 (for example, by indicating an SSBRI or other identifier associated with the beam) . A beam refinement operation may involve a first device (for example, the UE 120 or the network node 110) transmitting signal (s) via a subset of beams (for example, identified based on, or otherwise associated with, measurements reported as part of one or more other beam management operations) . A second device (for example, the network node 110 or the UE 120) may receive the signal (s) via a single beam (for example, to identify the best beam for communication from the subset of beams) . The beam (s) may be identified via one or more spatial parameters, such as a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state and / or a quasi co-location (QCL) parameter, among other examples. The network node 110 and the UE 120 may increase reliability and / or achieve efficiencies in throughput, signal strength, and / or other signal properties for massive MIMO operations by performing the beam management operations.
[0068] Some aspects and techniques as described herein may be implemented, at least in part, using an artificial intelligence (AI) program (for example, referred to herein as an “AI / ML model” ) , such as a program that includes a machine learning (ML) model and / or an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The AI / ML model may be deployed at one or more devices 165 (for example, a network node 110 and / or UEs 120) . For example, the one or more devices 165 may include a UE 120 (for example, the processing system 140) , a network node 110 (for example, the processing system 145) , one or more servers, and / or one or more components of a cloud computing network, among other examples. In some examples, the AI / ML model (or an instance of the AI / ML model) may be deployed at multiple devices (for example, a first portion of the AI / ML model may be deployed at a UE 120 and a second portion of the AI / ML model may be deployed at a network node 110) . In other examples, a first AI / ML model may be deployed at a UE 120 and a second AI / ML model may be deployed at a network node 110. The AI / ML model (s) may be configured to enhance various aspects of the wireless communication network 100. For example, the AI / ML model (s) may be trained to identify patterns or relationships in data corresponding to the wireless communication network 100, a device, and / or an air interface, among other examples. The AI / ML model (s) may support operational decisions relating to one or more aspects associated with wireless communications devices, networks, or services.
[0069] In some aspects, a UE 120 may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may receive a CSI-RS; and transmit an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on inserting a quantity of parity symbols into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein the parity symbols enable a device that receives the analog CSI feedback signal to determine locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0070] In some aspects, a network node 110 may include a communication manager 155. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 155 may transmit a CSI-RS; and receive an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on a quantity of parity symbols being inserted into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal are determined based at least in part on the quantity of parity symbols being inserted into the input sequence. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 155 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0071] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated network node architecture 200, in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the example disaggregated network node architecture 200 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 110) . The disaggregated network node architecture 200 may include a CU 210 that can communicate directly with a core network 220 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 220 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a non-real-time (Non-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 250 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 260 and / or a near-real-time (Near-RT) RIC 270 (for example, via an E2 link) . The CU 210 may communicate with one or more DUs 230 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 230 may communicate with one or more RUs 240 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 240 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 240.
[0072] Each of the components of the disaggregated network node architecture 200, including the CUs 210, the DUs 230, the RUs 240, the Near-RT RICs 270, the Non-RT RICs 250, and the SMO Framework 260, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
[0073] In some aspects, the CU 210 may be logically split into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 210 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 230, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 230 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 240. For example, a DU 230 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 230, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 210. Each RU 240 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 240 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 230.
[0074] The SMO Framework 260 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 260 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 260 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 290) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 210, a DU 230, an RU 240, a non-RT RIC 250, and / or a Near-RT RIC 270. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 260 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and / or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 280, via an O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 260 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 240 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 230 and the CU 210 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0075] The Non-RT RIC 250 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI / ML workflows including model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the Near-RT RIC 270. The Non-RT RIC 250 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 270. The Near-RT RIC 270 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 210, one or more DUs 230, and / or an O-eNB 280 with the Near-RT RIC 270.
[0076] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 270, the Non-RT RIC 250 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 270 and may be received at the SMO Framework 260 or the Non-RT RIC 250 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 250 or the Near-RT RIC 270 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 250 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 260 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0077] The network node 110, the processing system 145 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the processing system 140 of the UE 120, the CU 210, the DU 230, the RU 240, or any other component (s) of Fig. 1 and / or Fig. 2 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with a PAPR waveform for analog CSI feedback, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the processing system 145 of the network node 110, the processing system 140 of the UE 120, the CU 210, the DU 230, or the RU 240 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 900 of Fig. 9, process 1000 of Fig. 10, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . Memory of the network node 110 may store data and program code (or instructions) for the network node 110, the CU 210, the DU 230, or the RU 240. In some examples, the memory of the network node 110 may store data relating to a UE 120, such as RRC state information or a UE context. Memory of a UE 120 may store data and program code (or instructions) for the UE 120, such as context information. In some examples, the memory of the UE 120 or the memory of the network node 110 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication. For example, the set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors (for example, of the processing system 145 or the processing system 140) of the network node 110, the UE 120, the CU 210, the DU 230, or the RU 240, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 900 of Fig. 9, process 1000 of Fig. 10, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0078] In some aspects, a UE includes means for receiving a CSI-RS; and / or means for transmitting an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on inserting a quantity of parity symbols into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein the parity symbols enable a device that receives the analog CSI feedback signal to determine locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal. The means for UE to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, processing system 140, a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 1102 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 11) , and / or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 1104 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 11) , among other examples.
[0079] In some aspects, a network node includes means for transmitting a CSI-RS; and / or means for receiving an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on a quantity of parity symbols being inserted into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal are determined based at least in part on the quantity of parity symbols being inserted into the input sequence. The means for the network node to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 155, processing system 145, a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 1202 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 12) , and / or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 1204 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 12) , among other examples.
[0080] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example 300 of physical channels and reference signals in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 3, downlink channels and downlink reference signals may carry information from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and uplink channels and uplink reference signals may carry information from a UE 120 to a network node 110.
[0081] As shown, a downlink channel may include a PDCCH that carries DCI, a PDSCH that carries downlink data, or a PBCH that carries system information, among other examples. In some aspects, PDSCH communications may be scheduled by PDCCH communications. As further shown, an uplink channel may include a PUCCH that carries UCI, a PUSCH that carries uplink data, or a PRACH used for initial network access, among other examples. In some aspects, the UE 120 may transmit ACK or NACK feedback (e.g., ACK / NACK feedback or ACK / NACK information) in UCI on the PUCCH and / or the PUSCH.
[0082] As further shown, a downlink reference signal may include an SSB, a CSI-RS, a DMRS, a PRS, or a PTRS, among other examples. As also shown, an uplink reference signal may include an SRS, a DMRS, or a PTRS, among other examples.
[0083] An SSB may carry information used for initial network acquisition and synchronization, such as a PSS, an SSS, a PBCH, and a PBCH DMRS. An SSB is sometimes referred to as a synchronization signal / PBCH (SS / PBCH) block. In some aspects, the network node 110 may transmit multiple SSBs on multiple corresponding beams, and the SSBs may be used for beam selection.
[0084] A CSI-RS may carry information used for downlink channel estimation (e.g., downlink CSI acquisition) , which may be used for scheduling, link adaptation, or beam management, among other examples. The network node 110 may configure a set of CSI-RSs for the UE 120, and the UE 120 may measure the configured set of CSI-RSs. Based at least in part on the measurements, the UE 120 may perform channel estimation and may report channel estimation parameters to the network node 110 (e.g., in a CSI report) , such as a CQI, a PMI, a CRI, an LI, an RI, or an RSRP, among other examples. The network node 110 may use the CSI report to select transmission parameters for downlink communications to the UE 120, such as a number of transmission layers (e.g., a rank) , a precoding matrix (e.g., a precoder) , an MCS, or a refined downlink beam (e.g., using a beam refinement procedure or a beam management procedure) , among other examples.
[0085] A DMRS may carry information used to estimate a radio channel for demodulation of an associated physical channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, PBCH, PUCCH, or PUSCH) . The design and mapping of a DMRS may be specific to a physical channel for which the DMRS is used for estimation. DMRSs are UE-specific, can be beamformed, can be confined in a scheduled resource (e.g., rather than transmitted on a wideband) , and can be transmitted only when necessary. As shown, DMRSs are used for both downlink communications and uplink communications.
[0086] A PTRS may carry information used to compensate for oscillator phase noise. Typically, the phase noise increases as the oscillator carrier frequency increases. Thus, PTRS can be utilized at high carrier frequencies, such as millimeter wave frequencies, to mitigate phase noise. The PTRS may be used to track the phase of the local oscillator and to enable suppression of phase noise and common phase error (CPE) . As shown, PTRSs are used for both downlink communications (e.g., on the PDSCH) and uplink communications (e.g., on the PUSCH) .
[0087] A PRS may carry information used to enable timing or ranging measurements of the UE 120 based on signals transmitted by the network node 110 to improve observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) positioning performance. For example, a PRS may be a pseudo-random Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) sequence mapped in diagonal patterns with shifts in frequency and time to avoid collision with cell-specific reference signals and control channels (e.g., a PDCCH) . In general, a PRS may be designed to improve detectability by the UE 120, which may need to detect downlink signals from multiple neighboring network nodes in order to perform OTDOA-based positioning. Accordingly, the UE 120 may receive a PRS from multiple cells (e.g., a reference cell and one or more neighbor cells) , and may report a reference signal time difference (RSTD) based on OTDOA measurements associated with the PRSs received from the multiple cells. In some aspects, the network node 110 may then calculate a position of the UE 120 based on the RSTD measurements reported by the UE 120.
[0088] An SRS may carry information used for uplink channel estimation, which may be used for scheduling, link adaptation, precoder selection, or beam management, among other examples. The network node 110 may configure one or more SRS resource sets for the UE 120, and the UE 120 may transmit SRSs on the configured SRS resource sets. An SRS resource set may have a configured usage, such as uplink CSI acquisition, downlink CSI acquisition for reciprocity-based operations, uplink beam management, among other examples. The network node 110 may measure the SRSs, may perform channel estimation based at least in part on the measurements, and may use the SRS measurements to configure communications with the UE 120.
[0089] As indicated above, Fig. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 3.
[0090] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of a transmitting and receiving processing flow for communicating analog CSI feedback, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0091] In wireless communications, CSI may refer to known channel properties of a communication link. The CSI may represent the combined effects of, for example, scattering, fading, and power decay with distance between a transmitter node and a receiver node. Channel estimation may be performed to determine these effects on the channel. CSI may be used to adapt transmissions based on the current channel conditions, which is useful for achieving reliable communication with high data rates in multi-antenna systems. CSI is typically estimated at the receiver node, quantized, and fed back to the transmitter node.
[0092] In some wireless networks, CSI feedback may be based on a pre-defined codebook. This may be referred to as implicit CSI feedback. The implicit CSI feedback can include an RI, a PMI, and an associated CQI that is based on the PMI. The PMI may include a W1 precoding matrix and a W2 precoding matrix.
[0093] In some cases, precoding may be used for beamforming in multi-antenna systems. Codebook based precoding may use a common codebook at the transmitter node and the receiver node. The codebook may include a set of vectors and matrices. A UE may calculate a precoder targeting maximum single-user (SU) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) spectrum efficiency.
[0094] In some cases, CSI feedback assumes PMI is constructed from a single DFT beam or single beam selection. In these cases, the CSI feedback (which typically has a low CSI resolution) may be insufficient to reflect (e.g., full) channel information, which in turn can degrade SU / MU-MIMO performance, especially at larger antenna arrays.
[0095] In some cases, advanced CSI (Adv-CSI) reporting may be used improve CSI accuracy by combining multiple beams (e.g., multiple DFT beams) based on a power and / or a phasing based codebook. Adv-CSI generally has a dual codebook structure W=W1W2. In some cases, W1 may be reported on a wideband and W2 may be reported on a sub-band. In some cases, W1 may include a set of L orthogonal beams. In some cases, the set of L beams may be selected from a set of oversampled DFT beams. In some cases, W1 may be constructed based on the L orthogonal beams and their power weights.
[0096] Generally, Type I feedback (e.g., implicit CSI feedback) includes codebook-based PMI feedback with low spatial resolution, whereas Type II feedback (e.g., Adv-CSI feedback) includes enhanced “explicit” feedback and / or codebook-based feedback with higher spatial resolution. The “resolution” of CSI feedback may refer to the amount of information in the channel feedback and / or a quality of the channel feedback. For example, lower resolution feedback, such as Type I feedback, may have a lower spatial resolution (reflecting a smaller number of the propagation paths of the channel between the transmitter node and the receiver node) compared to higher resolution feedback, such as Type II feedback, which may have a higher spatial resolution (reflecting a larger number of the propagation paths of the channel between the transmitter node and the receiver node) . With lower resolution feedback, a network node may obtain a coarse approximation of the channel. However, such a coarse approximation may not be able to obtain sufficient performance for MIMO communications. Higher resolution feedback may enable the network node to obtain a more accurate approximation of the channel, which can boost the efficiency of MIMO communications.
[0097] In some cases, time domain duplexing (TDD) reciprocity may enable high resolution CSI feedback at the network node. However, for frequency domain duplexing (FDD) , codebook based CSI feedback may not enable high resolution CSI feedback to be available at the network node. For example, for FDD there may be limited time domain resolution due to a sub-band granularity, a same amplitude and / or phase quantization bits may be used for transmitting all non-zero channel coefficients, and / or the CSI feedback may contain insufficient information for MU operations, which may prevent high resolution CSI feedback from being available at the network node.
[0098] In some cases, to enable high resolution CSI feedback at the network node, the CSI feedback may be transmitted via an analog signal (e.g., analog CSI feedback) . When transmitted via a digital signal, the CSI feedback may utilize large quantization bits to achieve high resolution CSI at high SNR (e.g., when more non-zero coefficients are reported at high SNR, a quantization level should be also increased to provide sufficient granularity resulting in a total overhead of several thousand bits) .
[0099] In the analog CSI feedback, the unquantized time domain channel coefficients (e.g., a continuous-valued signal) across transmit / receive antennas and delay taps are treated as modulated symbols and transmitted over an uplink channel without channel coding. As shown in Fig. 4, and by reference number 405, a UE may be configured to send M channel coefficients of active delay taps to a network node.
[0100] In some cases, the quantity of channel coefficients (e.g., M) that are fed back to the network node may be based on an SNR associated with a communication channel (e.g., a downlink channel via which a reference signal is received and / or an uplink channel via which the analog CSI feedback is transmitted) . In some cases, the SNR may be a low SNR (e.g., an SNR that is less than an SNR threshold) . In these cases, only strong channel coefficients may be reported in the analog CSI feedback.
[0101] In some cases, the SNR may be a high SNR (e.g., an SNR that is greater than or equal to an SNR threshold) . In these cases, both strong and weak channel coefficients may be reported in the analog CSI feedback, which may enable high resolution CSI feedback to be received at the network node.
[0102] As shown by reference number 415, an N-point DFT transform may be used to spread the M channel coefficients. In some cases, as shown by reference number 410, zero padding may be added to the M channel coefficients (e.g., when M is less than N) .
[0103] As shown by reference number 420, tone mapping may be performed to map the DFT transform output to N resource elements. The DFT transform and tone mapping may convert the time domain discrete set of M channel coefficients to the frequency domain for signal transmission.
[0104] In some cases, as shown by reference numbers 425 and 430, a DMRS may be inserted and OFDM modulation may be performed. The OFDM modulated signal may be transmitted to the network node via an uplink channel 435.
[0105] In some cases, the network node may perform one or more actions to process the received signal. For example, as shown by reference numbers 440, 445, and 450, the network node may perform OFDM demodulation, channel estimation, frequency domain equalization, and resource element de-mapping.
[0106] As shown by reference number 455, an inverse DFT (iDFT) may be used to convert the processed signal back to the time domain. As shown by reference number 460, per-tap minimized mean square error (MMSE) may be applied to estimate the M channel coefficients. In some cases, the MMSE may be applied for each tap to account for the possibility that each channel coefficient may have a different magnitude and / or be associated with a different transmit power and, therefore, different SNRs.
[0107] As shown by reference number 465, the M channel coefficients may be recovered based at least in part on applying the per-tap MMSE.
[0108] As indicated above, Fig. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 4.
[0109] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of constant envelop OFDM phase modulation, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0110] In some cases, analog CSI feedback may include information associated with both strong and weak channel coefficients. In some cases, a strong channel coefficient may comprise a channel coefficient having an amplitude that is greater than or equal to a threshold. Similarly, a weak channel coefficient may comprise a channel coefficient having an amplitude that is less than the threshold.
[0111] In some cases, the channel coefficients may be assigned with different transmit powers due to the difference in the amplitudes of the strong and weak channel coefficients. In some cases, the different transmit powers may cause a PAPR associated with a transmission of the analog CSI feedback to be relatively high relative to a transmission of a regular DFT-S-OFDM waveform.
[0112] In some cases, constant envelop OFDM phase modulation may be used to reduce the PAPR associated with the transmission of the analog CSI feedback. In some cases, an output of performing OFDM modulation (e.g., described above with respect to reference number 430 of Fig. 4) is modulated using phase or frequency modulation prior to performing amplification.
[0113] As shown by reference number 505, an iFFT may be performed on the output of performing OFDM modulation to generate an N-point iFFT output. The N-point iFFT output may be given by [x0 x1 …xN-1] where and Xk is the data on subcarrier k.
[0114] As shown by reference number 510, an in-phase and quadrature (I / Q) splitter may be utilized to transform the complex OFDM symbol block into two real symbol blocks corresponding to the real and imaginary parts of xn . As shown by reference number 515, each real symbol block may be scaled by a factor (e.g., 1 / α, as shown in Fig. 5) to limit a phase of the analog CSI feedback within a range [-βπ, βπ] where β denotes an associated phase modulation index.
[0115] As shown by reference number 520, the scaled real symbol blocks may be input to a phase modulator to obtain a low (e.g., 0 dB) PAPR sequence. The low PAPR sequence may be represented as: s [n] =Aexp (jφ [n] ) , and the phase φ [n] may be given by:
[0116] In some cases, the analog CSI feedback may be transmitted via a communication channel 525 (e.g., an uplink channel) and received by the network node. As shown by reference number 530, prior to performing OFDM demodulation (e.g., as described above with respect to reference number 440 in Fig. 4) , phase demodulation may be performed on the received analog CSI feedback.
[0117] In some cases, performing the phase demodulation may introduce phase ambiguity. For example, a phase ambiguity may occur based on a phase jump associated with the phase of the received analog CSI feedback crossing the π-radian boundary (e.g., a point on a circle that is exactly halfway around the circle and representing an angle of 180 degrees when measured in radians) . In these cases, as shown by reference number 535, phase unwrapping may be performed to undo any phase wrapping that may be associated with the received analog CSI feedback.
[0118] In some cases, the phase estimate generated by performing phase demodulation is confined to the 2π range from -π to +π, and the original phase outside the -π to +π range is wrapped to within this range. The unwrapped phase may be obtained by looking at the phase change across consecutive samples of the phase estimate and correction is applied when the phase change is larger than π.
[0119] However, phase unwrapping a noisy signal may be a computationally difficult problem and / or may require a relatively large number of computational resources. Further, and the presence of noise may result in large bursts of errors. In some cases, the likelihood of an occurrence of these large bursts of errors may increase with an increase in the phase modulation index or a peak phase deviation associated with the received analog CSI feedback. That is, for the case of large phase modulation index or large angular deviations, more of the unit circle is traversed and more phase wrapping errors may occur. However, using a small modulation index or small angular deviations may cause a performance loss due to reduced SNR.
[0120] As shown by reference number 540, a scaling operation may be performed on an output of performing the phase unwrapping. In some cases, the scaling operation may be a descaling operation that is inversely proportional to the scaling operation performed by the UE. For example, as shown in Fig. 5, the output of performing the phase unwrapping may be scaled by a factor of α.
[0121] As shown by reference number 545, I / Q combining may be performed to convert the real symbol blocks into a complex block. As shown by reference number 550, an FFT may be applied to the output of performing the I / Q combining. In some cases, OFDM demodulation may be performed on the output generated based on applying the FFT, as described above with respect to reference number 440 of Fig. 4.
[0122] As indicated above, Fig. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 5.
[0123] Figs. 6-8 are diagrams of an example 600 associated with PAPR waveform for analog CSI feedback, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 6, a network node (e.g., network node 110) may communicate with a UE (e.g., UE 120) . In some aspects, the network node and the UE may be part of a wireless communication network (e.g., wireless communication network 100) . In some aspects, actions described as being performed by the network node may be performed by multiple different network nodes. For example, configuration actions may be performed by a first network node (e.g., a CU and / or a DU) , and radio communication actions may be performed by a second network node (e.g., a DU and / or an RU) . The UE and the network node may have established a wireless connection prior to operations shown in Fig. 6.
[0124] As shown by reference number 605, the network node may transmit (directly or via one or more other network nodes) , and the UE may receive, configuration information. In some aspects, the UE may receive the configuration information via RRC signaling, one or more MAC-CEs, and / or DCI, among other examples. In some aspects, the configuration information may include an indication of one or more configuration parameters (e.g., already known to the UE and / or previously indicated by the network node or other network device) for selection by the UE, and / or explicit configuration information for the UE to use to configure the UE, among other examples.
[0125] In some aspects, the configuration information may include information associated with generating and / or transmitting analog CSI feedback. For example, the configuration information may include information indicating a quantity of channel coefficients to be fed back to the network node, a phase scaling constant, a peak phase deviation, and / or a first quantity of parity symbols, among other examples.
[0126] In some aspects, the quantity of channel coefficients may be based at least in part on a quantity of receive antennas, a quantity of transmit antennas, and / or a quantity of active delay taps associated with the UE.
[0127] In some aspects, the phase scaling constant may be associated with scaling an output of performing I / Q splitting (e.g., as described above with respect to reference numbers 510 and 515 of Fig. 5) . In some aspects, the phase scaling constant may correspond to a phase modulation index or peak phase deviation associated with a transmission of the analog CSI feedback.
[0128] In some aspects, the first quantity of parity symbols may correspond to a quantity of parity symbols that are to be inserted into an input sequence that is input into a phase modulator of the UE (described in greater detail below) . In some aspects, the first quantity of symbols may be determined based at least in part on the phase scaling constant and / or the peak phase deviation.
[0129] For example, the first quantity of parity symbols may correspond to a first value based at least in part on the peak phase deviation (and / or a phase scaling constant corresponding to the peak phase deviation) comprising a first peak phase deviation. The first quantity of parity symbols may correspond to a second value based at least in part on the peak phase deviation comprising a second peak phase deviation.
[0130] In some aspects, the first peak deviation may be a smaller peak deviation relative to the second peak deviation. In these aspects, the first value may be a smaller value relative to the second value based at least in part on the first peak deviation being the smaller peak deviation relative to the second peak deviation.
[0131] In some aspects, the first peak deviation may be a larger peak deviation relative to the second peak deviation. In these aspects, the first value may be a larger value relative to the second value based at least in part on the first peak deviation being the larger peak deviation relative to the second peak deviation.
[0132] The UE may configure itself based at least in part on the configuration information. In some aspects, the UE may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein based at least in part on the configuration information.
[0133] As shown by reference number 610, the UE may transmit, and the network node may receive (directly or via one or more other network nodes) , a capabilities report. In some aspects, the capabilities report may indicate UE support for generating and / or transmitting analog CSI feedback to the network node.
[0134] In some aspects, the capability information may indicate that the UE is capable of inserting a second quantity of parity symbols into an input sequence that is input into a phase modulator of the UE. In some aspects, the second quantity of parity symbols may be the same as the first quantity of parity symbols.
[0135] In some aspects, the second quantity of parity symbols may be different from the first quantity of parity symbols. In some aspects, the first quantity of parity symbols may be a maximum quantity of parity symbols. For example, the network node may transmit, and the UE may receive (e.g., via RRC signaling) information indicating a maximum quantity of parity symbols (e.g., the first quantity of parity symbols) . In some aspects, the UE may determine a quantity of parity symbols to be inserted into the input sequence of the phase modulator of the UE (e.g., a second quantity of symbols) that is different from (e.g., less than) the maximum quantity of parity symbols. In some aspects, the UE may determine the second quantity of parity symbols (L) based at least in part on a quantity of assigned resources (N) and a quantity of CSI symbols (M) that are to be fed back to the network node. In some aspects, the UE may determine the second quantity of parity symbols (L) based at least in part on a difference between the quantity of assigned resources (N) and the quantity of CSI symbols (M) (e.g., L = N – M) .
[0136] As shown by reference number 615, the network node may transmit a reference signal to the UE. For example, the network node may transmit a CSI-RS or another suitable pilot or reference signal to the UE based at least in part on transmitting the configuration to the UE and / or receiving the capabilities report from the UE.
[0137] As shown by reference number 620, the UE may generate CSI feedback based at least in part on the reference signal transmitted by the network node. In some aspects, the UE may generate CSI based at least in part on performing one or more measurements.
[0138] For example, the UE may perform one or more measurements based at least in part on detecting and / or receiving the reference signal. The UE may determine one or more properties of the downlink channel via which the reference signal is transmitted based at least in part on a result of performing the one or more measurements.
[0139] In some aspects, the UE may determine the one or more properties based at least in part on a correlation between properties associated with the transmitted reference signal and properties associated with the received reference signal. In some aspects, the UE may generate CSI feedback based at least in part on the one or more properties. For example, the UE may generate CSI feedback indicating the one or more properties of the downlink channel.
[0140] In some aspects, CSI feedback may include information indicating M channel coefficients. In some aspects, the UE may determine the M channel coefficients in a manner similar to that described elsewhere herein.
[0141] As shown by reference number 625, the UE may transmit, and the network node may receive, analog CSI feedback. In some aspects, the UE may transmit the analog CSI feedback (rather than digital CSI feedback) to enable high resolution CSI feedback at the network node.
[0142] In some aspects, the UE may determine a quantity of unquantized time domain channel coefficients (e.g., a continuous-valued signal) across transmit / receive antennas and delay taps based at least in part on receiving the reference signal. In some aspects, the UE may treat the unquantized time domain channel coefficients as modulated symbols.
[0143] In some aspects, the quantity of unquantized time domain channel coefficients may be determined based at least in part on an SNR associated with the downlink channel. In some cases, the SNR may be a low SNR (e.g., an SNR that is less than an SNR threshold) . In these cases, only strong channel coefficients may be reported in the analog CSI feedback.
[0144] In some aspects, the SNR may be a high SNR (e.g., an SNR that is greater than or equal to an SNR threshold) . In these aspects, both strong and weak channel coefficients may be reported in the analog CSI feedback, which may enable high resolution CSI feedback to be received at the network node.
[0145] In some aspects, the UE may insert a quantity of parity symbols in a sequence corresponding to the quantity of unquantized time domain channel coefficients. For example, as shown in Fig. 7, the quantity of unquantized time domain time domain channel coefficients may correspond to M –L analog CSI symbols and L parity symbols may be appended to the M –L analog CSI symbols.
[0146] In some aspects, the L parity symbols are determined as follows: Denote where Xk for k=k1, …kL denotes L spectrum components of the analog CSI feedback, cl are the M –L transmitted analog CSI symbols in one OFDM symbol, and M is the DFT size.
[0147] The W may correspond to: l= [M-L-1, M-1] where W is a L×L matrix. In some aspects, the L parity symbols [y1, …, yL] T are given by:
[0148] In some aspects, the UE may apply a DFT to the combined sequence of analog CSI symbols and parity symbols. For example, the UE may apply a DFT to the combined sequence of analog CSI symbols and parity symbols in a manner similar to that described above with respect to Fig. 4. As shown in Fig. 7, the result of the DFT of the combined sequence includes non-zero power subcarriers corresponding to the channel coefficients and zero power subcarriers corresponding to the parity symbols. Stated differently, the DFT of the combined sequence [c0, …, cM-L-1, y1, …, yL] T has zero values for k=k1, …kL.
[0149] In some aspects, the UE may perform tone mapping, DMRS insertion, and / or OFDM modulation based at least in part on applying the DFT to the combined sequence of analog CSI symbols and parity symbols. For example, the UE may perform tone mapping, DMRS insertion, and / or OFDM modulation based at least in part on applying the DFT to the combined sequence of analog CSI symbols and parity symbols in a manner similar to that described above with respect to Fig. 4.
[0150] In some aspects, to obtain a real-valued iFFT output, the M DFT output (e.g., the DFT of the combined sequence of M –L analog CSI symbols and L parity symbols) and a conjugate of the M DFT output may be mapped to 2M symmetric frequency positions excluding direct current (DC) tones. A baseband signal can be considered to have a center at a DC subcarrier (asubcarrier at a frequency of 0 Hz) . Each of the subcarriers may correspond to or be a tone, and the tone corresponding to the DC subcarrier may be referred to as a DC tone. In some aspects, the 0 Hz value at the DC tone may maintain conjugate symmetry and / or may prevent the DC tone from being affected by a phase offset caused by the communication channel.
[0151] As an example, for an N-point iFFT, and for a subcarrier index starting at 0 and ending at N-1, the 2M frequency positions may be determined based at least in part on (on the left of DC tone shown in Fig. 8) and (on the right of DC tone shown in Fig. 8) , where G≥0 denotes an offset to the DC tone.
[0152] In some aspects, the UE may perform an N-point iFFT based at least in part on mapping the M DFT output and the conjugate of the M DFT output mapped to the 2M symmetric frequency positions. In some aspects, a real-valued iFFT output {xn} may be scaled and phase modulated to obtain a 0 dB PAPR sequence. In some aspects, the N-point iFFT, the scaling, and / or the phase modulation may be performed in a manner similar to that described above with respect to Fig. 5.
[0153] In some aspects, a baseband signal may be generated based at least in part on performing the phase modulation. In some aspects, the baseband signal may be represented as: s [n] =Aex p (jφ [n] ) , where A is the signal amplitude. A and phase φ [n] is given by: φ [n] =β·π·xn / max (|xn|) , where β is a scaling constant configured by gNB to control the peak phase deviation, i.e., within the range [-βπ, βπ] .
[0154] In some aspects, the iFFT size N may not be an integer multiple of the DFT size M, which may result in a mismatch to the real locations of phase wrapping errors due to the phase wrapping errors being based on FFT samples. In these aspects, zero padding may be added to the analog CSI symbols prior to applying the DFT. In some aspects, after applying the DFT to the combined sequence of analog CSI symbols and parity symbols, the UE may map the M DFT output and the conjugate of the M DFT output mapped to the 2M symmetric frequency positions.
[0155] In some aspects, after performing the mapping and prior to applying an N-point iFFT, an FFT shift is applied to swap the left and right halves of the output generated by applying the DFT to the combined sequence of analog CSI symbols and parity symbols and / or to move the zero-frequency component (e.g., the DC tone) to the center of the baseband signal. In some aspects, the N-point iFFT may be applied based at least in part on applying the FFT shift. The last L samples of the N-point iFFT output may be punctured and replaced with L parity symbols. In some aspects, adding the zero padding and applying the FFT shift may cause the last L samples of the iFFT to have very small or 0 values.
[0156] In some aspects, the N-point iFFT output may be given by [x0 x1 …xN-1] where XK denotes a spectrum component of an analog CSI symbol, and Xk is a conjugate symmetric vector (e.g., Xk=0 for k=N / 2 (DC tone) and
[0157] In some aspects, the W may be defined as: wherein n= [N-L-1, N-1] is L×L matrix. The L parity symbols [y1, …, yL] T may be given by The DFT of the aggregated sequence [x0, …, xN-L-1, y1, …, yL] T, therefore, may have zero values for k=k1, …kL .
[0158] As shown by reference number 630, the network node may recover the channel coefficients based at least in part on the analog CSI feedback. In some aspects, the network node may determine locations of phase wrapping errors based at least in part on the parity symbols.
[0159] In some aspects, the network node may perform phase demodulation on the analog CSI feedback. For example, the network node may perform phase demodulation on the analog CSI feedback in a manner similar to that described above with respect to Fig. 5. In some aspects, the network node may apply a DFT to the phase demodulated output.
[0160] In some aspects, the network node may identify components of a result of applying the DFT of the phase demodulated output in positions corresponding to positions at which the parity symbols were inserted (e.g., at an end of the sequence of CSI analog symbols or other positions that are known to both the UE and the network node) . The network node may determine whether any of the identified components have non-zero values. Because the parity symbols are generated and inserted into the sequency of CSI symbols to cause a result of applying the DFT to have zeros on these frequency positions, the network node may determine that any non-zero values of the components are due to phase wrapping errors. The network node may perform one or more actions to correct the phase wrapping errors and may continue processing the analog CSI feedback to recover the channel coefficients in a manner similar to that described above with respect to Figs. 4 and 5.
[0161] As shown by reference number 635, the network node and the UE may communicate based at least in part on the analog CSI feedback and / or the recovered channel coefficients. For example, the network node may adjust one or more communication parameters based at least in part on the recovered channel coefficients and the network node and the UE may communication based at least in part on the adjusted communication parameters.
[0162] As indicated above, Figs. 6-8 are provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Figs. 6-8.
[0163] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example process 900 performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 900 is an example where the apparatus or the UE (e.g., UE 120) performs operations associated with a PAPR waveform for analog CSI feedback.
[0164] As shown in Fig. 9, in some aspects, process 900 may include receiving a CSI-RS (block 910) . For example, the UE (e.g., using reception component 1102 and / or communication manager 1106, depicted in Fig. 11) may receive a CSI-RS, as described above.
[0165] As further shown in Fig. 9, in some aspects, process 900 may include transmitting an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on inserting a quantity of parity symbols into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein the parity symbols enable a device that receives the analog CSI feedback signal to determine locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal (block 920) . For example, the UE (e.g., using transmission component 1104 and / or communication manager 1106, depicted in Fig. 11) may transmit an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on inserting a quantity of parity symbols into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein the parity symbols enable a device that receives the analog CSI feedback signal to determine locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal, as described above.
[0166] Process 900 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0167] In a first aspect, the quantity of parity symbols are based on an unquantized analog CSI feedback signal.
[0168] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the quantity of parity bits are inserted to cause a discrete Fourier transform of the input sequence to the phase modulator to have zeros on a set of predefined positions of the input sequence.
[0169] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the phase wrapping errors are determined based at least in part on non-zero values of components of a discrete Fourier transform of a phase demodulated output sequence of the analog CSI signal in a set of positions corresponding to the set of predefined positions of the input sequence.
[0170] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the quantity of parity symbols is greater than a quantity of phase wrapping errors.
[0171] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the quantity of parity bits are inserted based at least in part on appending the quantity of parity bits to a set of CSI symbols prior to performing a discrete Fourier transform on the set of CSI symbols.
[0172] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, a result of performing the discrete Fourier transform and a conjugate of the result are mapped to symmetric frequency tones.
[0173] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, an inverse fast Fourier transform is performed based at least in part on mapping the result of performing the discrete Fourier transform and the conjugate of the result to the symmetric frequency tones.
[0174] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, a real-value inverse fast Fourier transform output is scaled and phase modulated to obtain a 0 decibel peak-to-average power ratio sequence.
[0175] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, zero padding is added to the CSI symbols before performing the discrete Fourier transform.
[0176] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, a last quantity of samples of a result of performing the inverse fast Fourier transform are punctured and replaced with the quantity of parity symbols.
[0177] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, an FFT shift is applied to a result of performing the discrete Fourier transform to swap a right half and a left half of the result of performing the discrete Fourier transform.
[0178] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, process 900 includes receiving information indicating the quantity of parity symbols.
[0179] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the quantity of parity symbols is based at least in part on a phase scaling constant.
[0180] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the phase scaling constant corresponds to a peak phase deviation.
[0181] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, the quantity of parity symbols comprises a first quantity of parity symbols based at least in part on a first peak phase deviation and the quantity of symbols comprises a second quantity of parity symbols based at least in part on a second peak phase deviation, wherein the first peak phase deviation is a smaller peak phase deviation relative to the second peak phase deviation, and wherein the first quantity of parity symbols is less than the second quantity of parity symbols based at least in part on the first peak phase deviation being the small peak phase deviation.
[0182] Although Fig. 9 shows example blocks of process 900, in some aspects, process 900 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 9. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 900 may be performed in parallel.
[0183] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1000 performed, for example, at a network node or an apparatus of a network node, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1000 is an example where the apparatus or the network node (e.g., network node 110) performs operations associated with a PAPR waveform for analog CSI feedback.
[0184] As shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include transmitting a CSI-RS (block 1010) . For example, the network node (e.g., using transmission component 1204 and / or communication manager 1206, depicted in Fig. 12) may transmit a CSI-RS, as described above.
[0185] As further shown in Fig. 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include receiving an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on a quantity of parity symbols being inserted into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal are determined based at least in part on the quantity of parity symbols being inserted into the input sequence (block 1020) . For example, the network node (e.g., using reception component 1202 and / or communication manager 1206, depicted in Fig. 12) may receive an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on a quantity of parity symbols being inserted into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal are determined based at least in part on the quantity of parity symbols being inserted into the input sequence, as described above.
[0186] Process 1000 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0187] In a first aspect, the quantity of parity symbols are based on an unquantized analog CSI feedback signal.
[0188] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the phase wrapping errors are determined based at least in part on non-zero values of components of a discrete Fourier transform of a phase demodulated output sequence of the analog CSI signal in a set of positions corresponding to the set of predefined frequency positions of the input sequence.
[0189] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the quantity of parity symbols is greater than a quantity of phase wrapping errors.
[0190] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, process 1000 includes transmitting information indicating the quantity of parity symbols.
[0191] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the quantity of parity symbols is based at least in part on a phase scaling constant.
[0192] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the phase scaling constant corresponds to a peak phase deviation.
[0193] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the quantity of parity symbols comprises a first quantity of parity symbols based at least in part on a first peak phase deviation and the quantity of symbols comprises a second quantity of parity symbols based at least in part on a second peak phase deviation, wherein the first peak phase deviation is a smaller peak phase deviation relative to the second peak phase deviation, and wherein the first quantity of parity symbols is less than the second quantity of parity symbols based at least in part on the first peak phase deviation being the small peak phase deviation.
[0194] Although Fig. 10 shows example blocks of process 1000, in some aspects, process 1000 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 10. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1000 may be performed in parallel.
[0195] Fig. 11 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1100 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1100 may be a UE, or a UE may include the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 includes a reception component 1102, a transmission component 1104, and / or a communication manager 1106, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1106 is the communication manager 150 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1100 may communicate with another apparatus 1108, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1102 and the transmission component 1104. The communication manager 1106 may be included in, or implemented via, a processing system (for example, the processing system 140 described in connection with Fig. 1) of the UE.
[0196] In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 3-8. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 900 of Fig. 9. In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 11 may include one or more components of the UE described in connection with Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0197] The reception component 1102 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1108. The reception component 1102 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 may perform signal processing on the received communications, and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 may include one or more components of the UE described above in connection with Fig. 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the UE.
[0198] The transmission component 1104 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1100 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1104 for transmission to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may perform signal processing on the generated communications, and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may include one or more components of the UE described above in connection with Fig. 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the UE described in connection with Fig. 1. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may be co-located with the reception component 1102.
[0199] The communication manager 1106 may support operations of the reception component 1102 and / or the transmission component 1104. For example, the communication manager 1106 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1102 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1104. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1106 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1102 and / or the transmission component 1104 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0200] The reception component 1102 may receive a CSI-RS. The transmission component 1104 may transmit an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on inserting a quantity of parity symbols into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein the parity symbols enable a device that receives the analog CSI feedback signal to determine locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal.
[0201] The reception component 1102 may receive information indicating the quantity of parity symbols.
[0202] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 11 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 11. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 11 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 11.
[0203] Fig. 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1200 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1200 may be a network node, or a network node may include the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 includes a reception component 1202, a transmission component 1204, and / or a communication manager 1206, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1206 is the communication manager 155 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1200 may communicate with another apparatus 1208, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1202 and the transmission component 1204. The communication manager 1206 may be included in, or implemented via, a processing system (for example, the processing system 145 described in connection with Fig. 1) of the network node.
[0204] In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 3-8. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1000 of Fig. 10. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 12 may include one or more components of the network node described in connection with Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0205] The reception component 1202 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1208. The reception component 1202 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may perform signal processing on the received communications, and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may include one or more components of the network node described above in connection with Fig. 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the network node. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204 may include or may be included in a network interface. The network interface may be configured to obtain and / or output signals for the apparatus 1200 via one or more communications links, such as a backhaul link, a midhaul link, and / or a fronthaul link.
[0206] The transmission component 1204 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1200 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1204 for transmission to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may perform signal processing on the generated communications, and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may include one or more components of the network node described above in connection with Fig. 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the network node described in connection with Fig. 1. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may be co-located with the reception component 1202.
[0207] The communication manager 1206 may support operations of the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204. For example, the communication manager 1206 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1202 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1204. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1206 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1202 and / or the transmission component 1204 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0208] The transmission component 1204 may transmit a CSI-RS. The reception component 1202 may receive an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on a quantity of parity symbols being inserted into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal are determined based at least in part on the quantity of parity symbols being inserted into the input sequence.
[0209] The transmission component 1204 may transmit information indicating the quantity of parity symbols.
[0210] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 12 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 12. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 12 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 12 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 12.
[0211] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0212] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a UE, comprising: receiving a CSI-RS; and transmitting an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on inserting a quantity of parity symbols into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein the parity symbols enable a device that receives the analog CSI feedback signal to determine locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal.
[0213] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the quantity of parity symbols are based on an unquantized analog CSI feedback signal.
[0214] Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein the quantity of parity bits are inserted to cause a discrete Fourier transform of the input sequence to the phase modulator to have zeros on a set of predefined positions of the input sequence.
[0215] Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3, wherein the phase wrapping errors are determined based at least in part on non-zero values of components of a discrete Fourier transform of a phase demodulated output sequence of the analog CSI signal in a set of positions corresponding to the set of predefined positions of the input sequence.
[0216] Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein the quantity of parity symbols is greater than a quantity of phase wrapping errors.
[0217] Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1-5, wherein the quantity of parity bits are inserted based at least in part on appending the quantity of parity bits to a set of CSI symbols prior to performing a discrete Fourier transform on the set of CSI symbols.
[0218] Aspect 7: The method of Aspect 6, wherein a result of performing the discrete Fourier transform and a conjugate of the result are mapped to symmetric frequency tones.
[0219] Aspect 8: The method of Aspect 7, wherein an inverse fast Fourier transform is performed based at least in part on mapping the result of performing the discrete Fourier transform and the conjugate of the result to the symmetric frequency tones.
[0220] Aspect 9: The method of Aspect 8, wherein a real-value inverse fast Fourier transform output is scaled and phase modulated to obtain a 0 decibel peak-to-average power ratio sequence.
[0221] Aspect 10: The method of Aspect 8, wherein zero padding is added to the CSI symbols before performing the discrete Fourier transform.
[0222] Aspect 11: The method of Aspect 10, wherein a last quantity of samples of a result of performing the inverse fast Fourier transform are punctured and replaced with the quantity of parity symbols.
[0223] Aspect 12: The method of Aspect 6, wherein an FFT shift is applied to a result of performing the discrete Fourier transform to swap a right half and a left half of the result of performing the discrete Fourier transform.
[0224] Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 1-12, further comprising: receiving information indicating the quantity of parity symbols.
[0225] Aspect 14: The method of Aspect 13, wherein the quantity of parity symbols is based at least in part on a phase scaling constant.
[0226] Aspect 15: The method of Aspect 14, wherein the phase scaling constant corresponds to a peak phase deviation.
[0227] Aspect 16: The method of Aspect 14, wherein the quantity of parity symbols comprises a first quantity of parity symbols based at least in part on a first peak phase deviation and the quantity of symbols comprises a second quantity of parity symbols based at least in part on a second peak phase deviation, wherein the first peak phase deviation is a smaller peak phase deviation relative to the second peak phase deviation, and wherein the first quantity of parity symbols is less than the second quantity of parity symbols based at least in part on the first peak phase deviation being the small peak phase deviation.
[0228] Aspect 17: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, comprising: transmitting a CSI-RS; and receiving an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on a quantity of parity symbols being inserted into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal are determined based at least in part on the quantity of parity symbols being inserted into the input sequence.
[0229] Aspect 18: The method of Aspect 17, wherein the quantity of parity symbols are based on an unquantized analog CSI feedback signal.
[0230] Aspect 19: The method of any of Aspects 17-18, wherein the phase wrapping errors are determined based at least in part on non-zero values of components of a discrete Fourier transform of a phase demodulated output sequence of the analog CSI signal in a set of positions corresponding to the set of predefined positions of the input sequence.
[0231] Aspect 20: The method of any of Aspects 17-19, wherein the quantity of parity symbols is greater than a quantity of phase wrapping errors.
[0232] Aspect 21: The method of any of Aspects 17-20, further comprising: transmitting information indicating the quantity of parity symbols.
[0233] Aspect 22: The method of Aspect 21, wherein the quantity of parity symbols is based at least in part on a phase scaling constant.
[0234] Aspect 23: The method of Aspect 22, wherein the phase scaling constant corresponds to a peak phase deviation.
[0235] Aspect 24: The method of Aspect 22, wherein the quantity of parity symbols comprises a first quantity of parity symbols based at least in part on a first peak phase deviation and the quantity of symbols comprises a second quantity of parity symbols based at least in part on a second peak phase deviation, wherein the first peak phase deviation is a smaller peak phase deviation relative to the second peak phase deviation, and wherein the first quantity of parity symbols is less than the second quantity of parity symbols based at least in part on the first peak phase deviation being the small peak phase deviation.
[0236] Aspect 25: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-24.
[0237] Aspect 26: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-24.
[0238] Aspect 27: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-24.
[0239] Aspect 28: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-24.
[0240] Aspect 29: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-24.
[0241] Aspect 30: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-24.
[0242] Aspect 31: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-24.
[0243] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects. No element, act, or instruction described herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such.
[0244] It will be apparent that systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, because those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.
[0245] As used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to refer to one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more” or “at least one. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or “asingle one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” “comprise, ” “comprising, ” “include” and “including, ” and derivatives thereof or similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A may also have B) . Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) . As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (for example, a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0246] As used herein, the term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, estimating, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , searching, inferring, ascertaining, and / or measuring, among other possibilities. Also, “determining” can include receiving (such as receiving information) , accessing (such as accessing data stored in memory) or transmitting (such as transmitting information) , among other possibilities. Additionally, “determining” can include resolving, selecting, obtaining, choosing, establishing, and / or other such similar actions.
[0247] As used herein, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based at least in part on” or “based on or otherwise in association with” unless explicitly stated otherwise. As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.
[0248] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the scope of all aspects described herein. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the UE to:receive a channel state information (CSI) reference signal; andtransmit an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on inserting a quantity of parity symbols into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein the parity symbols enable a device that receives the analog CSI feedback signal to determine locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the quantity of parity symbols are based on an unquantized analog CSI feedback signal.3.The UE of claim 1, wherein the quantity of parity symbols are inserted to cause a discrete Fourier transform of the input sequence to the phase modulator to have zeros on a set of predefined frequency positions of the input sequence.4.The UE of claim 1, wherein the phase wrapping errors are determined based at least in part on non-zero values of components of a discrete Fourier transform of a phase demodulated output sequence of the analog CSI signal in a set of positions corresponding to the set of predefined frequency positions of the input sequence.5.The UE of claim 1, wherein the quantity of parity symbols is greater than a quantity of phase wrapping errors.6.The UE of claim 1, wherein the quantity of parity symbols are inserted based at least in part on appending the quantity of parity symbols to a set of CSI symbols prior to performing a discrete Fourier transform on the set of CSI symbols.7.The UE of claim 6, wherein a result of performing the discrete Fourier transform and a conjugate of the result are mapped to symmetric frequency tones.8.The UE of claim 7, wherein an inverse fast Fourier transform is performed based at least in part on mapping the result of performing the discrete Fourier transform and the conjugate of the result to the symmetric frequency tones.9.The UE of claim 8, wherein a real-value inverse fast Fourier transform output is scaled and phase modulated to obtain a 0 decibel peak-to-average power ratio sequence.10.The UE of claim 6, wherein zero padding is added to the CSI symbols before performing the discrete Fourier transform.11.The UE of claim 10, wherein a fast Fourier transform (FFT) shift is applied to a result of performing the discrete Fourier transform to swap a right half and a left half of the result of performing the discrete Fourier transform.12.The UE of claim 11, wherein a last portion of a result of performing the inverse fast Fourier transform are punctured and replaced with the quantity of parity symbols.13.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:receive information indicating the quantity of parity symbols.14.The UE of claim 13, wherein the quantity of parity symbols is based at least in part on a phase scaling constant.15.The UE of claim 14, wherein the phase scaling constant corresponds to a peak phase deviation.16.The UE of claim 14, wherein the quantity of parity symbols comprises a first quantity of parity symbols based at least in part on a first peak phase deviation and the quantity of symbols comprises a second quantity of parity symbols based at least in part on a second peak phase deviation, wherein the first peak phase deviation is a smaller peak phase deviation relative to the second peak phase deviation, and wherein the first quantity of parity symbols is less than the second quantity of parity symbols based at least in part on the first peak phase deviation being the small peak phase deviation.17.A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving a channel state information (CSI) reference signal; andtransmitting an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on inserting a quantity of parity symbols into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein the parity symbols enable a device that receives the analog CSI feedback signal to determine locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal.18.The method of claim 17, wherein the quantity of parity symbols are based on an unquantized analog CSI feedback signal.19.The method of claim 17, wherein the quantity of parity symbols are inserted to cause a discrete Fourier transform of the input sequence to the phase modulator to have zeros on a set of predefined frequency positions of the input sequence.20.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising:one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE) , cause the UE to:receive a channel state information (CSI) reference signal; andtransmit an analog CSI feedback signal, wherein the analog CSI feedback signal is generated based at least in part on inserting a quantity of parity symbols into an input sequence to a phase modulator, wherein the parity symbols enable a device that receives the analog CSI feedback signal to determine locations of phase wrapping errors associated with the analog CSI feedback signal.