Radar sensor and method for producing a radar lens for a radar sensor
The radar sensor with a curved lens refracting beams in multiple planes enhances detection range and accuracy, addressing the limitations of existing radially symmetrical configurations.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- TURCK HOLDING GMBH
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-11
Smart Images
Figure EP2025085045_11062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] DTS Munich 40128. TUR. P110PC S / Wi / js
[0002] 1 / 27
[0003] RADAR SENSOR AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A RADAR LENS FOR A RADAR SENSOR
[0004] The present invention relates to a radar sensor and a method for providing a radar lens for a radar sensor.
[0005] The invention lies in the field of radar sensors, in particular radar distance sensors. Such sensors are used, for example, in automation technology for a number of different applications, including collision avoidance, bulk material detection, determining fill levels in trucks, or determining fill levels on conveyor belts. Further applications include, for example, displacement sensors, monitoring a room with regard to the movement or presence of objects in a detection area, such as collision avoidance for a robot arm, or use as a "light barrier." Numerous other applications, particularly in industrial automation, are conceivable or already known.
[0006] To enable the use of distance radar sensors in the broadest possible range of applications, the sensors' detection ranges must be defined very precisely. Modules can be used in which radar antennas for both transmitter and receiver are integrated onto a single chip. Radar lenses can be used to allow for flexible use of such chips with antennas. These lenses allow the radiation pattern of the radar product to be defined. For example, a narrower or wider beam angle allows for the implementation of specific measurement tasks or other applications such as area monitoring or collision avoidance. DTS Munich 40128.TUR.P110PC S / Wi / js
[0007] 2 / 27
[0008] In known radar sensors and radar lenses, the combinations of housing and lens design, as well as the antenna structure, typically do not allow for a radially symmetrical lens configuration with an aperture angle of more than 20°. Such a lens typically has a "blind spot" or "blind area" in the center, resulting in lower field strength or a shorter range.
[0009] In established radar systems, radar lenses are used that allow for different opening angles for the detection range of a radar sensor. However, for certain applications, there is still a need to define the detection ranges more flexibly and precisely.
[0010] From EP 2 449 406 B1, a radar sensor for motor vehicles is known. It provides a radar lens with a convex surface, wherein the convex surface has a greater curvature in elevation than in azimuth.
[0011] Furthermore, a dimmable rearview mirror arrangement with a glare sensor is known from EP 1 740 415 B1.
[0012] The object of the present invention is to improve a radar sensor and a method for providing a radar lens for a radar sensor in such a way that detection with a long range and high accuracy can be carried out.
[0013] This problem is solved according to the invention by a radar sensor having the features of claim 1 and a method having the features of the independent method claim. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.
[0014] The task is then solved by a radar sensor with an antenna arrangement, in particular an antenna arrangement with exactly one DTS Munich 40128. TUR. P110PC S / Wi / js
[0015] 3 / 27
[0016] A transmitting antenna and a radar lens for adjusting the beam profile of the antenna arrangement. The radar lens has at least one curved surface and is arranged relative to the antenna arrangement such that the radar lens refracts a radar beam emanating from the transmitting antenna in a first plane along a main beam axis of the antenna arrangement towards the main beam axis, and in a second plane along the main beam axis, it refracts the radar beam to a lesser extent than in the first plane or not at all.
[0017] This advantageously allows for a large detection range of the radar sensor. Such a radar sensor can monitor a particularly large spatial area.
[0018] The radar sensor can, for example, operate in a frequency range of approximately 120 GHz, as is common in industrial automation applications.
[0019] The antenna arrangement can be designed in a manner known per se, in particular as part of an antenna-on-a-chip system.
[0020] The antenna arrangement includes, in particular, at least one transmitting antenna and / or at least one receiving antenna. Exactly one transmitting antenna and / or exactly one receiving antenna may be provided. In a specific configuration, exactly one transmitting antenna and exactly one receiving antenna may be provided, particularly in an antenna-on-a-chip system.
[0021] The radar lens is, in particular, a body made of a material that refracts radar waves. The radar lens is therefore suitable for shaping the radar radiation emitted by the transmitting antenna or for influencing the radiation's path. DTS Munich 40128. TUR. P110PC S / Wi / js
[0022] 4 / 27
[0023] The at least one curved surface of the radar lens is arranged particularly distal to the position of the antenna arrangement, that is, a surface of the radar lens facing away from the antenna arrangement is curved.
[0024] The description of the curvature or shape of the radar lens presented here, which is based on ray optics, assumes radar beams emanating from the antenna array. These radar beams can travel in both directions: away from the antenna array in the case of transmission, and towards the antenna array in the case of reception. Therefore, no specific antenna array configuration with particular transmitting and / or receiving antennas is implied here.
[0025] A surface of the radar lens located proximal to the antenna array can be used to couple in a radiated radar signal. This proximal surface can be at least partially flat or curved, or it can have both flat and curved areas.
[0026] The "main beam axis" can be understood, for example, as an axis defined by one of the beam characteristics or an antenna diagram of the antenna arrangement, such as a direction-dependent intensity distribution of radar radiation emitted by the antenna arrangement and / or a direction-dependent distribution of the
[0027] Receive sensitivity of the antenna array. For example, the main beam axis can extend from the antenna array in the direction of...
[0028] The main detection direction of the radar sensor is described. In particular, it should not be implied that the strongest emission or the highest receiver sensitivity occurs along the main beam axis, even if this may be the case.
[0029] During training, the antenna arrangement can exhibit a beam characteristic that is essentially rotationally symmetrical around the main beam axis. DTS Munich 40128. TUR. P110PC S / Wi / js
[0030] 5 / 27 is designed; however, an antenna arrangement with a different, in particular asymmetric, beam characteristic can also be used.
[0031] The first and second planes are arranged along the principal ray axis. That is, the principal ray axis runs as a straight line in both the first and second planes; the principal ray axis thus defines the line of intersection of the first and second planes.
[0032] The first and second planes can be arranged orthogonally to each other. In particular, the first and second planes are defined as the azimuth and elevation of the antenna array, respectively, or as the azimuth and elevation of a transmitting or receiving antenna encompassed by the antenna array.
[0033] By refracting radar radiation emitted by the antenna array in a first plane towards the main beam axis, the radar lens achieves a focus and amplifies the intensity of the emitted radar radiation in the direction of the main beam axis. Specifically, the beam pattern of a transmitting antenna in the antenna array, or the intensity distribution of the emitted radar radiation, is modified so that it is more concentrated in the area near the main beam axis. This can, for example, result in a greater range and / or accuracy of the radar sensor.
[0034] Conversely, the radar lens also refracts incoming radar radiation in the first plane towards the main beam axis. This also maintains focus, and the radar sensor's sensitivity to the incoming radar radiation can be increased in the direction of the main beam axis. In particular, the beam pattern of a receiving antenna in the antenna array is modified to provide higher sensitivity in an area near the main beam axis. This can, for example, improve the range and / or accuracy of the radar sensor. DTS Munich 40128. TUR. P110PC S / Wi / js
[0035] 6 / 27
[0036] The degree of refraction at a surface of the radar lens is determined primarily by its curvature, or more precisely, by the angle at which the radar beams strike individual points on the lens surface and pass from the lens material into another medium, such as air, or vice versa. In particular, the geometric laws of refraction in ray optics apply here, such as Snell's law of refraction. = n2sin θ2, with n being the refractive index of the first medium and n2 being the refractive index of the medium into which the radiation passes, the angle of incidence and the angle of exit).
[0037] In this training process, the curved surface of the radar lens exhibits a first curvature profile in cross-section in the first plane and a second curvature profile in the second plane.
[0038] The curvature profile in the cross-section in the second plane is defined. The first curvature profile can, in particular, have a focusing effect. It is possible that the second curvature profile has essentially no focusing effect. It is possible that a surface of the radar lens facing away from the antenna arrangement has a circular curvature in a cross-section in the second plane, with the center of the circle being located, in particular, at the position of the antenna arrangement or a transmitting and / or receiving antenna encompassed by the antenna arrangement.
[0039] In a further development, one surface of the radar lens facing the antenna arrangement is designed as a planar surface. This planar surface can have a circular perimeter.
[0040] In this advanced design, the curved surface of the radar lens is formed as part of an ellipsoid, specifically as an ellipsoid dome. Such an ellipsoid dome is obtained by making a planar cut through an ellipsoid; essentially, a dome of the ellipsoid is truncated with a straight cut. DTS Munich 40128.TUR.P110PC S / Wi / js
[0041] 7 / 27
[0042] In this design, the curved surface of the radar lens exhibits axial symmetry with respect to one axis, particularly with respect to two axes, which may, for example, be perpendicular to each other. Such a shape can be an ellipsoid or another shape, such as an approximately ellipsoidal or egg-shaped form. An ellipsoid has the particular advantage that no sharp edges occur, resulting in a particularly homogeneous beam pattern.
[0043] In this configuration, the antenna array is positioned directly adjacent to a surface of the radar lens, particularly a planar surface. A transmitting antenna and / or a receiving antenna of the array can be positioned directly adjacent to this surface. Specifically, there is no air gap or gap containing another medium between the radar lens and the antenna array; for example, radar radiation emitted by the transmitting antenna is coupled into the radar lens without an air gap. Consequently, there is no transition from another medium to the medium of the radar lens (e.g., PTFE) at this point, and therefore no further refraction. The distance between the antenna array and the proximal surface of the radar lens is, in particular, significantly less than the wavelength of the radar radiation used, approximately a wavelength of 2.5 mm.
[0044] In particular, it can be provided that no air gap is formed between a transmitting antenna of the antenna arrangement or the chip carrying the transmitting antenna and the radar lens. The emitted radar radiation can thus be coupled directly into the radar lens and then exits through the second, curved surface facing away from the transmitting antenna, whereby the radar radiation is refracted if it does not strike the surface exactly perpendicularly.
[0045] Further training may include the provision that the surface proximal to the antenna arrangement is used for coupling a radiated DTS Munich 40128. TUR. P110PC S / Wi / js
[0046] 8 / 27
[0047] radar radiation or has a structured surface for coupling out received radar radiation.
[0048] For example, functionalization can be provided on the proximal surface for coupling the radar radiation into the radar lens. A so-called lambda / 4 layer can be provided, which enables good impedance matching at the material interface.
[0049] In a further development, the antenna assembly and the radar lens are integrated into a single unit, particularly within the radar sensor, for example by overmolding or encapsulation. This advantageously prevents the encapsulated or overmolded elements from shifting their positions relative to each other and also provides additional mechanical protection. Once positioned, the elements can therefore be installed securely and robustly.
[0050] In a further development, the radar lens incorporates positioning means. These positioning means can be arranged on the radar lens itself or on a body connected to the radar lens. The positioning means can be configured to define a unique position of the radar lens relative to the antenna array, in particular with a defined rotation angle relative to the antenna array. The positioning means can include a protrusion, elevation, depression, or recess. The positioning means can be formed on or connected to the radar lens itself or to a body connected to it. Furthermore, complementary counter-positioning means can be provided on a housing of the radar sensor or on a mounting structure of the radar sensor.
[0051] For example, positioning elements can be engaged with counter-positioning elements, such as a projection in a recess or vice versa. DTS Munich 40128. TUR. P110PC S / Wi / js
[0052] 9 / 27
[0053] In this configuration, the antenna arrangement exhibits an actual beam pattern with a local minimum on the main beam axis. The radar lens is designed such that the local minimum is at least partially or completely compensated for by the refraction of the radar beam in the first plane. This ensures, in particular, a target-oriented beam pattern.
[0054] For example, the beam pattern compensated by the radar lens no longer exhibits a local minimum on the main beam axis, or the local minimum is less pronounced. The edges of the beam pattern formed in the uncompensated beam pattern are deflected towards the main radiation axis by the refraction of a transmitted beam, so that the minimum is reduced, completely compensated, or even overcompensated, resulting in a local or global maximum of the beam pattern in that direction.
[0055] In a further training version, the radar lens is made of PTFE. Other materials commonly used for radar lenses, such as PE, PEEK, POM and / or PP, may be used as alternatives or additionally.
[0056] The method for manufacturing a radar lens for a radar sensor with an antenna array provides an actual beam characteristic, in particular a direction-dependent radiated power and / or received sensitivity of the antenna array. For example, the actual beam characteristic can be obtained by measuring the radiated power in transmitting mode of the antenna array. A curvature is determined for a curved surface of the radar lens, which provides a predetermined target beam characteristic. The radar lens is provided with the curved surface. The curved surface is designed such that a radar beam originating from the antenna array is refracted in a first plane along the main beam axis towards the main beam axis, while DTS Munich 40128.TUR.P110PC S / Wi / js
[0057] 10 / 27 it is refracted to a lesser extent or not at all in a second plane along the main ray axis than in the first plane.
[0058] The method is specifically designed to manufacture a radar lens for the radar sensor described herein. It therefore exhibits essentially the same advantages and refinements as the device described herein. Conversely, the device can be further developed according to the method.
[0059] In particular, the method adjusts the curvature of the radar lens based on any deviation between the actual, for example measured, beam characteristics and the target beam characteristics. The radar lens can therefore compensate for a radiation pattern of the transmitting antenna that deviates from the target characteristics, or a corresponding reception pattern of the antenna arrangement that differs from the intended target characteristics, and adapt it to the specific application of the radar sensor.
[0060] Further details and advantages of the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings.
[0061] They show:
[0062] Fig. 1A shows a schematic representation of the beam characteristics of a common antenna arrangement;
[0063] Fig. 1B shows a schematic representation of a desired focused
[0064] Beam characteristics;
[0065] Fig. 2A is a schematic top view of a radar lens according to a first embodiment;
[0066] Fig. 2B shows a first schematic side view of the radar lens of the first embodiment;
[0067] Fig. 2C shows a second schematic side view of the radar lens of the first embodiment; DTS Munich 40128. TUR. P110PC S / Wi / js
[0068] 11 / 27
[0069] Fig. 3 shows a schematic top view of a radar lens according to a second embodiment with a star-shaped or “cross-ellipsoidal” configuration;
[0070] Fig. 4 shows a schematic top view of another embodiment of the radar sensor; and
[0071] Figs. 5A and 5B are schematic sectional views of the radar sensor of the further embodiment.
[0072] With reference to the diagrams shown in Fig. 1A and 1B, a change in the emission characteristics by a radar lens according to the present description is explained.
[0073] Figures 1A and 1B show the amplitude of emitted radar radiation as a function of an angle. <p gezeigt. Dabei ist der Winkel cp relativ zu einer Hauptabstrahlachse definiert, die mittig im Diagramm bei einem Winkel von cp=O angedeutet ist. Der Einfachheit halber wird an dieser Stelle zunächst von einer rotationssymmetrischen Abstrahlcharakteristik der Sendeantenne ausgegangen.
[0074] Diagram 10, shown in Fig. 1A, clearly shows that the distribution exhibits a local minimum at small angles cp. In this example, Diagram 10 represents a simplified actual radiation pattern of the radar sensor. Fundamentally similar radiation patterns are often measured in real radar chips. For a radar sensor with such a radiation pattern, this would mean that the detection in the main radiation direction has a "blind" area, and the range in this area is shorter compared to the larger angles cp, or the detection accuracy is lower.
[0075] Typical radar chips have at least one transmitting antenna, often abbreviated TX, and at least one receiving antenna, often abbreviated RX. (DTS Munich 40128. TUR. P110PC S / Wi / js)
[0076] In each of the exemplary embodiments presented in 12 / 27, exactly one transmitting antenna is provided.
[0077] In other embodiments not shown, several transmitting and / or receiving antennas may be provided, for example arranged in an antenna array.
[0078] In particular, a so-called "MIMO radar" (Multiple Input Multiple Output) can use multiple transmitting and receiving antennas. Such a radar can offer improved spatial resolution and comprises an array of multiple antennas. Typically, several transmitting and receiving antennas are combined. Specifically, each transmitting module has a corresponding receiving module. The transmitting antennas are controlled to emit individual signals, especially with different waveforms. The corresponding response signals can then be assigned to a specific transmitting antenna as the source, allowing for more precise localization of an object.
[0079] In contrast, in diagram 10 shown in Fig. 1B, the amplitude is at its maximum in the main radiation direction, i.e., at an angle of cp=0. For a radar sensor with such a target radiation characteristic, this would mean that detection in the main radiation direction can be carried out with the greatest range or with the best accuracy.
[0080] For many applications, the case indicated in Fig. 1B is desirable. Starting with a radar chip with an actual radiation pattern similar to that shown in Fig. 1A, a target radiation pattern like that in Fig. 1B could be obtained by focusing the radar radiation through a rotationally symmetric radar lens. This "compresses" the opening angle of the emitted radar radiation and shifts the amplitude edges towards the main radiation axis. DTS Munich 40128. TUR. P110PC S / Wi / js
[0081] 13 / 27
[0082] However, for some applications, such a reduced opening angle is unacceptable.
[0083] The radar lens described here was designed based, among other things, on the idea that it is sufficient to focus the radar radiation in one direction, while in another direction the full opening angle of the radar radiation is utilized by the transmitting antenna or the radar chip. The resulting beam pattern is less conical and more fan-shaped, or similar to a cone compressed in one direction.
[0084] The "fan-shaped" beam pattern can result in an approximately elliptical detection area, which, for example, improves planar object detection. Potential interference objects, such as the ground, can be filtered out by design when the system is installed horizontally, as they are then located outside the detection area. Conversely, a radar barrier can be implemented when the system is installed vertically, detecting when an object enters the detection area. Measurement tasks involving varying heights of the target object can also be performed.
[0085] With reference to Figures 2A to 2C and 3, the construction of a radar lens according to a first and a second embodiment is explained.
[0086] In the top view of a radar lens 20 shown in Fig. 2A, an elliptical base of an ellipsoidal dome 22 is visible on a flat, round base. A first axis Ax and a second axis Ay are shown.
[0087] Fig. 2B shows a side view of the radar lens 20 looking towards a first plane (Ax, Az) defined by the first axis Ax and the main beam axis Az. DTS Munich 40128. TUR. P110PC S / Wi / js
[0088] 14 / 27
[0089] The radar lens 20 has a planar surface 26 on its underside, which is arranged proximal to an antenna arrangement 30. In this example, the antenna arrangement comprises a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna.
[0090] The antenna arrangement 30 is directly adjacent to a proximally arranged surface of the radar lens 20, meaning that practically no air gap – or rather, no gap filled by another medium – forms between the radar lens 20 and the antenna arrangement 30. A direction of
[0091] The radiation emitted along the main radiation axis Az is directly coupled into the radar lens 20.
[0092] After passing through the radar lens 20, the radar radiation enters a surrounding medium, particularly air, through a distal curved surface 24. At the curved surface 24, i.e., at the interface between the material of the radar lens 20 and the surrounding medium, the radar radiation is refracted. The curved surface 24 is designed – in the first plane shown – such that the radar radiation is focused; the radar radiation is refracted towards the main emission axis Az.
[0093] Fig. 2C shows a side view of the radar lens 20 rotated by 90° relative to Fig. 2B, looking towards a second plane (Ay, Az) spanned by the second axis Ay and the main beam axis Az; the second plane is orthogonal to the first plane, with the main beam axis Az being the line of intersection of the first and second planes.
[0094] The radiation emitted by the transmitting antenna of the antenna arrangement 30 in the direction of the main radiation axis Az is coupled into the radar lens 20 and, after passing through the radar lens 20 and the distal curved surface 24, enters the surrounding medium. DTS Munich 40128. TUR. P110PC S / Wi / js
[0095] 15 / 27
[0096] The curved surface 24 in this second plane is designed such that its curvature follows a circle with radius R, at the center of which (at least ideally) the antenna array 30 is located. Since the emitted radar radiation always strikes the curved surface 24 at an angle of incidence of 0°, no refraction occurs in this second plane. The same applies conversely to received radiation when it strikes the lens surface at an angle of 0° on the distal side and is coupled into the radar lens 20 without refraction.
[0097] This means that while the opening angle of the emitted radar radiation in the first plane (Ax, Az) is reduced because the radiation is focused towards the main radiation axis Az, the opening angle in the second plane (Ay, Az) remains essentially unchanged. With an initially approximately conical radiation pattern from the transmitting antenna of the antenna arrangement 30, the focusing in the first plane (Ax, Az) and the lack of refraction in the second plane (Ay, Az) result in a more fan-shaped radiation pattern with an elliptical cross-section.
[0098] The combination of the curvatures of the radar lens 20 shown in Figs. 2B and 2C results in an ellipsoidal shape or the shape of an ellipsoidal dome in three dimensions in this embodiment.
[0099] In the second embodiment shown in Fig. 3, with a star-shaped or "cross-ellipsoidal" configuration, the shapes of two curved surfaces 24 arranged at right angles to each other are combined. An axis Ax', which spans a plane (Ax', Az) with the main radiation axis Az in which the radar radiation is focused, is now not arranged perpendicular to the second axis Ay, but rather the axes Ax', Ay form an angle of 45°. The detection range of the radar sensor can thus be configured as required. DTS Munich 40128. TUR. P110PC S / Wi / js
[0100] 16 / 27
[0101] In further embodiments, other shapes and combinations of shapes may be provided, from which a shape of the curved surface 24 of the radar lens 20 results.
[0102] In this embodiment, the radar sensor 20 has an antenna arrangement 30 with exactly one transmitting antenna and exactly one receiving antenna. In alternative embodiments, for example, a beam pattern of several antenna patches can be formed.
[0103] Since, in this embodiment, the radar lens 20 is arranged directly against the antenna assembly 30, there is no air gap between the radar lens 20 and the antenna assembly 30. This simplifies assembly and also allows the assembly to be fully encapsulated. When fully encapsulated with a solid potting compound, the elements are permanently fixed to each other and mechanically robust.
[0104] In this embodiment, the radar lens 20 is made entirely or partially of PTFE. In other embodiments, the radar lens can be made entirely or partially of other materials such as PTFE, PE, PEEK, POM and / or PP.
[0105] With reference to Figures 4, 5A and 5B, a further embodiment of the radar sensor is explained. In this radar sensor, a desired beam characteristic is achieved by arranging the radar lens in a rotated position relative to a radar chip or the antenna arrangement and holding it in a defined position by positioning elements.
[0106] For the design of radar optics, idealized point sources with an idealized spherical radiation pattern are usually assumed as the basis for calculation. However, when considering real components, it becomes apparent that the radiation pattern of an antenna arrangement typically does not have an absolute DTS Munich 40128. TUR. P110PC S / Wi / js
[0107] 17 / 27
[0108] The radar chip exhibits an uneven distribution of transmit power and / or receive sensitivity. This can be caused, for example, by manufacturing tolerances, interactions with other electronic components, or the general structure of the specific radar chip. However, such effects can typically be neglected when using a rotationally symmetric radar lens, as these lenses are designed to be independent of their orientation or rotation relative to the radar chip.
[0109] However, for the asymmetric radar lens described here and the associated asymmetric detection range of the radar sensor, the actual distribution of the emission characteristic must be taken into account.
[0110] For this purpose, the lens geometry is designed according to the actual radiation characteristics of the radar chip used. The rotational angle of the radar lens relative to the radar chip and the antenna arrangement must be taken into account. To ensure a defined rotational angle of the lens during installation, the further embodiment provides four grooves on the back of the radar lens, in addition to a previously known retaining clip, to serve as positioning means and guarantee a precise rotational position.
[0111] The radar lens, and in particular the longitudinal axis of an ellipsoidal lens shape as described in this document, can thus be correctly oriented relative to the radar chip to obtain the desired beam characteristic of the radar sensor. In the further embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the longitudinal axis corresponds to the second axis Ay of the radar lens 20.
[0112] Figure 4 shows a radar lens according to the present description and its installation within a housing 50 of the radar sensor. The second DTS Munich 40128. TUR. P110PC S / Wi / js
[0113] 18 / 27
[0114] The axis Ay of the radar lens 20 is rotated by an angle α relative to an axis Atx of the antenna arrangement 30 or the antenna arrangement 30 on the radar chip. The rotation angle α denotes the desired rotation of the radar lens, i.e., the longitudinal axis of the ellipsoidal lens shape, relative to the radar chip.
[0115] By selecting a suitable combination of housing and radar lens design as well as the antenna structure of the radar chip, Figures 5A and 5B show sectional views of the radar sensor 70 with grooves 42 serving as positioning means and anti-rotation devices, respectively. Figure 5A shows a sectional view through the plane of the positioning means. It can be seen that the housing retaining clips lie in the grooves provided for this purpose, thus enabling referenced and reproducible installation of the lens relative to the radar chip. Figure 5B shows a section perpendicular to this in the area of a groove 42, so that the retaining clip 60 engaging in the groove 42 is also visible.
[0116] DTS Munich 40128. TUR. P110PC S / Wi / js
[0117] 19 / 27
[0118] The following are additional examples:
[0119] Example 1. Radar sensor (70) with an antenna arrangement (30), in particular an antenna arrangement (30) with exactly one transmitting antenna, and a radar lens (20) for adapting a beam profile of the antenna arrangement (30); wherein the radar lens (20) has at least one curved surface (24) and is arranged relative to the antenna arrangement (30) such that the radar lens (20) refracts a radar beam originating from the antenna arrangement (30) in a first plane (Ax, Az) along a principal beam axis (Az) of the antenna arrangement (30) towards the principal beam axis (Az) and in a second plane (Ay, Az) along the principal beam axis (Az) refracts the radar beam to a lesser extent than in the first plane (Ax, Az) or not at all.
[0120] Example 2. Radar sensor (70) according to Example 1, characterized in that the curved surface (24) of the radar lens (20) has a first curvature profile in cross-section in the first plane and a second curvature profile in cross-section in the second plane; wherein
[0121] - optionally focusing the first curvature profile; and / or
[0122] - optionally, the second curvature profile has essentially no focusing effect; and / or
[0123] - optionally, a surface (24) of the radar lens (20) facing away from the transmitting antenna (30) has a circular curvature in a cross-section in the second plane, wherein in particular the center of the circular shape is located at the position of the antenna arrangement (30).
[0124] Example 3. Radar sensor (70) according to one of the preceding examples, characterized in that a surface (26) of the radar lens (20) facing the antenna arrangement (30) is designed as a planar surface (26); wherein optionally the planar surface (26) has a circular perimeter. DTS Munich 40128.TUR.P110PC S / Wi / js
[0125] 20 / 27
[0126] Example 4. Radar sensor (70) according to one of the preceding examples, characterized in that the curved surface (24) of the radar lens (20) is designed as part of an ellipsoid, in particular as an ellipsoid dome (22).
[0127] Example 5. Radar sensor (70) according to one of the preceding examples, characterized in that the antenna arrangement (30) is arranged directly adjacent to a surface (26) of the radar lens (20), in particular to a planar surface (26) of the radar lens (20).
[0128] Example 6. Radar sensor (70) according to one of the preceding examples, characterized in that the antenna arrangement (30) and the radar lens (20) are integrated into a unit, in particular by overmolding or potting.
[0129] Example 7. Radar sensor (70) according to one of the preceding examples, characterized in that the radar lens (20) has positioning means (42); wherein
[0130] - optionally the positioning means (42) are arranged on the radar lens (20) or on a body connected to the radar lens (20); and / or
[0131] - optionally, the positioning means (42) are configured to define a unique position of the radar lens (20) relative to the antenna arrangement (30), in particular with a defined rotation angle (a) relative to the antenna arrangement (30); and / or
[0132] - optionally the positioning means (42) include a nose, protrusion, depression, or recess; and / or
[0133] - optionally, the positioning means (42) are formed on or connected to the radar lens (20) itself or to a body connected thereto and are complementary to the positioning means (42). DTS Munich 40128. TUR. P110PC S / Wi / js
[0134] 21 / 27
[0135] Positioning means (60) are provided on a housing (50) of the radar sensor (70) or on a holding structure of the radar sensor (70).
[0136] Example 8. Radar sensor (70) according to one of the preceding examples, characterized in that the antenna arrangement (30) has an actual beam characteristic with a local minimum on the main beam axis (Az); and the radar lens (20) is designed such that the local minimum is at least partially or completely compensated by the refraction of the radar beam in the first plane, in particular obtaining a target beam characteristic.
[0137] Example 9. Radar sensor (70) according to one of the preceding examples, characterized in that the radar lens (20) is made of a plastic material, for example PTFE, PE, PEEK, POM and / or PP.
[0138] Example 10. Method for manufacturing a radar lens (20) for a radar sensor (70) with an antenna arrangement (30); wherein
[0139] - an actual beam characteristic, in particular a direction-dependent radiated power and / or received sensitivity of the antenna arrangement (30), is provided;
[0140] - a curvature is determined for a curved surface (24) of the radar lens (20), through which a predetermined target beam characteristic is obtained; and
[0141] - the radar lens (20) is provided with the curved surface (24); wherein
[0142] - the curved surface (24) is designed such that a radar beam emanating from the antenna arrangement (30) is refracted in a first plane (Ax, Az) along the main beam axis (Az) towards the main beam axis (Az), while in a second plane (Ay, Az) along the main beam axis (Az) it is refracted to a lesser extent than in the first plane (Ax, Az) or not at all. DTS Munich 40128. TUR. P110PC S / Wi / js
[0143] 22 / 27
[0144] Reference symbol list
[0145] 10 Diagram
[0146] 20 Radar lens, lens body
[0147] 22 Ellipsoid Dome
[0148] 24 Curved surface (distal)
[0149] 26 Planar surface (proximal)
[0150] 30 antenna arrangement
[0151] 42 groove, positioning device
[0152] 50 cases
[0153] 60 Counter-positioning devices; bracket
[0154] 70 radar sensor
[0155] ATX axis (transmitting antenna)
[0156] Ax, Ax' First Axis
[0157] (Ax, Az First Level)
[0158] Ay Second Axle
[0159] (Ay, Az) Second level
[0160] Main radiation axis
[0161] R radius a angle cp angle
Claims
DTS Munich 40128.TUR.P110PC S / Wi / js 23 / 27 Patent claims 1. Radar sensor (70) with an antenna arrangement (30), in particular an antenna arrangement (30) with exactly one transmitting antenna, and a radar lens (20) for adapting a beam profile of the antenna arrangement (30); wherein the radar lens (20) has at least one curved surface (24) and is arranged relative to the antenna arrangement (30) such that the radar lens (20) refracts a radar beam originating from the antenna arrangement (30) in a first plane (Ax, Az) along a principal beam axis (Az) of the antenna arrangement (30) towards the principal beam axis (Az) and in a second plane (Ay, Az) along the principal beam axis (Az) refracts the radar beam to a lesser extent than in the first plane (Ax, Az) or not at all; wherein the curved surface (24) of the radar lens (20) has a first curvature profile in cross-section in the first plane and a second curvature profile in cross-section in the second plane, wherein the second curvature profile has essentially no focusing effect;and a surface (24) of the radar lens (20) facing away from the transmitting antenna (30) has a circular curvature in a cross-section in the second plane, wherein the center of the circular shape is located at the position of the antenna arrangement (30), wherein the radar lens (20) has positioning means (42), wherein the positioning means (42) are configured to establish a unique position of the radar lens (20) with a defined rotation angle (a) relative to the antenna arrangement (30).
2. Radar sensor (70) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the first curvature profile has a focusing effect. DTS Munich 40128.TUR.P110PC S / Wi / js 24 / 27 3. Radar sensor (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a surface (26) of the radar lens facing the antenna arrangement (30) (20) is designed as a planar surface (26); optionally, the planar surface (26) has a circular perimeter.
4. Radar sensor (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the curved surface (24) of the radar lens (20) is designed as part of an ellipsoid, in particular as an ellipsoid dome (22).
5. Radar sensor (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antenna arrangement (30) is arranged directly adjacent to a surface (26) of the radar lens (20), in particular to a planar surface (26) of the radar lens (20).
6. Radar sensor (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antenna arrangement (30) and the radar lens (20) are integrated into a unit, in particular by overmolding or potting.
7. Radar sensor (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the positioning means (42) are arranged on the radar lens (20) or on a body connected to the radar lens (20); and / or - the positioning means (42) comprise a nose, protrusion, depression, or recess; and / or - the positioning means (42) are formed on or connected to the radar lens (20) itself or to a body connected thereto and are complementary to the positioning means (42) DTS Munich 40128.TUR.P110PC S / Wi / js 25 / 27 Positioning means (60) are provided on a housing (50) of the radar sensor (70) or on a holding structure of the radar sensor (70).
8. Radar sensor (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antenna arrangement (30) has an actual beam characteristic with a local minimum on the main beam axis (Az); and the radar lens (20) is designed such that the local minimum is at least partially or completely compensated by the refraction of the radar beam in the first plane, in particular obtaining a target beam characteristic.
9. Radar sensor (70) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radar lens (20) is made of a plastic material, for example PTFE, PE, PEEK, POM and / or PP.
10. Method for manufacturing a radar lens (20) for a radar sensor (70) with an antenna arrangement (30); wherein - an actual beam characteristic, in particular a direction-dependent radiated power and / or received sensitivity of the antenna arrangement (30), is provided; - a curvature is determined for a curved surface (24) of the radar lens (20), through which a predetermined target beam characteristic is obtained; and - the radar lens (20) is provided with the curved surface (24); wherein - the curved surface (24) is designed such that a radar beam originating from the antenna arrangement (30) is refracted in a first plane (Ax, Az) along the main beam axis (Az) towards the main beam axis (Az), while in a second plane (Ay, Az) along DTS Munich 40128. TUR. P110PC S / Wi / js 26 / 27 of the main ray axis (Az) is refracted to a lesser extent than in the first plane (Ax, Az) or not at all; furthermore - the curved surface (24) has a first curvature profile in cross-section in the first plane and a second curvature profile in cross-section in the second plane, wherein the second curvature profile in essentially has no focusing effect; and a surface (24) of the radar lens (20) facing away from the transmitting antenna (30) has a circular curvature in a cross-section in the second plane, the center of the circular shape being located at the position of the antenna arrangement (30); and wherein - the radar lens (20) has positioning means (42), wherein the positioning means (42) are configured to establish a unique position of the radar lens (20) with a defined rotation angle (a) relative to the antenna arrangement (30).