Enhanced PHR framework with time or power stability

Abstract

An apparatus configured to: receive, from a base station, a power headroom report configuration associated with power headroom reporting; and transmit, to the base station, a power headroom report based, at least partially, on the received power headroom report configuration, wherein the power headroom report comprises, at least, at least one stability parameter with respect to power headroom. An apparatus configured to: transmit, to at least one user equipment, a power headroom report configuration associated with power headroom reporting; and receive, from the at least one user equipment, a power headroom report, wherein the power headroom report comprises, at least, at least one stability parameter with respect to power headroom.

Description

ENHANCED PHR FRAMEWORK WITH TIME OR POWER STABILITYTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The example and non-limiting embodiments relate generally to power headroom and, more particularly, to reporting of power headroom information.BACKGROUND

[0002] It is known, in a power headroom report, to include a power headroom value and a Pcmax value.SUMMARY

[0003] According to some aspects, there is provided the subject matter of the independent claims. Some further aspects are defined in the dependent claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0004] The foregoing aspects and other features are explained in the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0005] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one possible and non-limiting example system in which the example embodiments may be practiced;

[0006] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating features as described herein;

[0007] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating features as described herein;

[0008] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating features as described herein;

[0009] FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating steps as described herein;

[0010] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating features as described herein;

[0011] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating features as described herein;

[0012] FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating steps as described herein;

[0013] FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating steps as described herein;

[0014] FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating steps as described herein;

[0015] FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating steps as described herein;

[0016] FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating steps as described herein; and

[0017] FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating steps as described herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0018] Turning to FIG. 1 , this figure shows a block diagram of one possible and non-limiting example in which the examples may be practiced. A user equipment (UE) 110, radio access network (RAN) node 170, and network element(s) 190 are illustrated. In the example of FIG. 1 , the user equipment (UE) 110 is in wireless communication with a wireless network 100. A UE is a wireless device that can access the wireless network 100. The UE 110 includes one or more processors 120, one or more memories 125, and one or more transceivers 130 interconnected through one or more buses 127. Each of the one or more transceivers 130 includes a receiver, Rx, 132 and a transmitter, Tx, 133. The one or more buses 127 may be address, data, or control buses, and may include any interconnection mechanism, such as a series of lines on a motherboard or integrated circuit, fiber optics or other optical communication equipment, and the like. A "circuit” may include dedicated hardware or hardware in association with software executable thereon. The one or more transceivers 130 are connected to one or more antennas 128. The one or more memories 125 include computer program code 123. The UE 110 includes a module 140, comprising one of or both parts 140-1 and / or 140-2, which may be implemented in a number of ways. The module 140 may be implemented in hardware as module 140-1, such as being implemented as part of the one or more processors 120. The module 140-1 may be implemented also as an integrated circuit or through other hardware such as a programmable gate array. In another example, the module 140 may be implemented as module 140- 2, which is implemented as computer program code 123 and is executed by the one or more processors 120. For instance, the one or more memories 125 and the computer program code 123 may be configured to, with the one or more processors 120, cause the user equipment 110 to perform one or more of the operations as described herein. The UE 110 communicates with RAN node 170 via a wireless link 111.

[0019] The RAN node 170 in this example is a base station that provides access by wireless devices such as the UE 110 to the wireless network 100. The RAN node 170 may be, for example, a base station for 5G, also called New Radio (NR). In 5G, the RAN node 170 may be a NG-RAN node, which is defined as either a gNB or a ng-eNB. A gNB is a node providing NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE, and connected via the NG interface to a 5GC (such as, for example, the network element(s) 190). The ng-eNB is a node providing E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE, and connected via the NG interface to the 5GC. The NG-RAN node may include multiple gNBs, which may also include a central unit (CU) (gNB-CU) 196 and distributed unit(s) (DUs) (gNB-DUs), of which DU 195 is shown. Note that the DU may include or be coupled to and control a radio unit (RU). The gNB- CU is a logical node hosting RRC, SDAP and PDCP protocols of the gNB or RRC and PDCP protocols of the en-gNB that controls the operation of one or more gNB-DUs. The gNB-CU terminates the F1 interface connected with the gNB-DU. The F1 interface is illustrated as reference 198, although reference 198 also illustrates a link between remote elements of the RAN node 170 and centralized elements of the RAN node 170, such as between the gNB-CU 196 and the gNB-DU 195. The gNB-DU is a logical node hosting RLC, MAC and PHY layers of the gNB or en-gNB, and its operation is partly controlled by gNB-CU. One gNB-CU supports one or multiple cells. One cell is supported by only one gNB-DU. The gNB-DU terminates the F1 interface 198 connected with the gNB-CU. Note that the DU 195 is considered to include the transceiver 160, e.g., as part of a RU, but some examples of this may have the transceiver 160 as part of a separate RU, e.g., under control of and connected to the DU 195. The RAN node 170 may also be an eNB (evolved NodeB) base station, for LTE (long term evolution), or any other suitable base station, access point, access node, or node.

[0020] The RAN node 170 includes one or more processors 152, one or more memories 155, one or more network interfaces (N / W l / F(s)) 161 , and one or more transceivers 160 interconnected through one or more buses 157. Each of the one or more transceivers 160 includes a receiver, Rx, 162 and a transmitter, Tx, 163. The one or more transceivers 160 are connected to one or more antennas 158. The one or more memories 155 include computer program code 153. The CU 196 may include the processor(s) 152, memories 155, and network interfaces 161. Note that the DU 195 may also contain its own memory / memories and processor(s), and / or other hardware, but these are not shown.

[0021] The RAN node 170 includes a module 150, comprising one of or both parts 150-1 and / or 150- 2, which may be implemented in a number of ways. The module 150 may be implemented in hardware as module 150-1 , such as being implemented as part of the one or more processors 152. The module 150-1 may be implemented also as an integrated circuit or through other hardware such as a programmable gatearray. In another example, the module 150 may be implemented as module 150-2, which is implemented as computer program code 153 and is executed by the one or more processors 152. For instance, the one or more memories 155 and the computer program code 153 are configured to, with the one or more processors 152, cause the RAN node 170 to perform one or more of the operations as described herein. Note that the functionality of the module 150 may be distributed, such as being distributed between the DU 195 and the CU 196, or be implemented solely in the DU 195.

[0022] The one or more network interfaces 161 communicate over a network such as via the links 176 and 131. Two or more gNBs 170 may communicate using, e.g., link 176. The link 176 may be wired or wireless or both and may implement, for example, an Xn interface for 5G, an X2 interface for LTE, or other suitable interface for other standards.

[0023] The one or more buses 157 may be address, data, or control buses, and may include any interconnection mechanism, such as a series of lines on a motherboard or integrated circuit, fiber optics or other optical communication equipment, wireless channels, and the like. For example, the one or more transceivers 160 may be implemented as a remote radio head (RRH) 195 for LTE or a distributed unit (DU) 195 for gNB implementation for 5G, with the other elements of the RAN node 170 possibly being physically in a different location from the RRH / DU, and the one or more buses 157 could be implemented in part as, for example, fiber optic cable or other suitable network connection to connect the other elements (e.g., a central unit (CU), gNB-CU) of the RAN node 170 to the RRH / DU 195. Reference 198 also indicates those suitable network link(s).

[0024] It is noted that description herein indicates that "cells” perform functions, but it should be clear that equipment which forms the cell will perform the functions. The cell makes up part of a base station. That is, there can be multiple cells per base station. For example, there could be three cells for a single carrier frequency and associated bandwidth, each cell covering one-third of a 360 degree area so that the single base station's coverage area covers an approximate oval or circle. Furthermore, each cell can correspond to a single carrier and a base station may use multiple carriers. So if there are three 120 degree cells per carrier and two carriers, then the base station has a total of 6 cells.

[0025] The wireless network 100 may include a network element or elements 190 that may include core network functionality, and which provides connectivity via a link or links 181 with a further network, such as a telephone network and / or a data communications network (e.g., the Internet). Such core network functionality for 5G may include access and mobility management function(s) (AMF(s)) and / or user plane functions (UPF(s)) and / or session management function(s) (SMF(s)). Such core network functionality forLTE may include MME (Mobility Management Entity) / SGW (Serving Gateway) functionality. These are merely illustrative functions that may be supported by the network element(s) 190, and note that both 5G and LTE functions might be supported. The RAN node 170 is coupled via a link 131 to a network element 190. The link 131 may be implemented as, e.g., an NG interface for 5G, or an S1 interface for LTE, or other suitable interface for other standards. The network element 190 includes one or more processors 175, one or more memories 171 , and one or more network interfaces (N / W l / F(s)) 180, interconnected through one or more buses 185. The one or more memories 171 include computer program code 173. The one or more memories 171 and the computer program code 173 are configured to, with the one or more processors 175, cause the network element 190 to perform one or more operations.

[0026] The wireless network 100 may implement network virtualization, which is the process of combining hardware and software network resources and network functionality into a single, software-based administrative entity, a virtual network. Network virtualization involves platform virtualization, often combined with resource virtualization. Network virtualization is categorized as either external, combining many networks, or parts of networks, into a virtual unit, or internal, providing network-like functionality to software containers on a single system. For example, a network may be deployed in a tele cloud, with virtualized network functions (VNF) running on, for example, data center servers. For example, network core functions and / or radio access network(s) (e.g. CloudRAN, O-RAN, edge cloud) may be virtualized. Note that the virtualized entities that result from the network virtualization are still implemented, at some level, using hardware such as processors 152 or 175 and memories 155 and 171 , and also such virtualized entities create technical effects.

[0027] It may also be noted that operations of example embodiments of the present disclosure may be carried out by a plurality of cooperating devices (e.g. cRAN).

[0028] The computer readable memories 125, 155, and 171 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor based memory devices, flash memory, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory. The computer readable memories 125, 155, and 171 may be means for performing storage functions. The processors 120, 152, and 175 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on a multi-core processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The processors 120, 152, and 175may be means for performing functions, such as controlling the UE 110, RAN node 170, and other functions as described herein.

[0029] In general, the various example embodiments of the user equipment 1 10 can include, but are not limited to, cellular telephones such as smart phones, tablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs) having wireless communication capabilities, portable computers having wireless communication capabilities, image capture devices such as digital cameras having wireless communication capabilities, gaming devices having wireless communication capabilities, music storage and playback appliances having wireless communication capabilities, Internet appliances permitting wireless Internet access and browsing, tablets with wireless communication capabilities, as well as portable units or terminals that incorporate combinations of such functions.

[0030] Having thus introduced one suitable but non-limiting technical context for the practice of the example embodiments of the present disclosure, example embodiments will now be described with greater specificity.

[0031] Features as described herein may generally relate to power headroom (PH) calculation and reporting. PH refers to the difference between the maximum power a user equipment (UE) can use to transmit (UE Tx power), and the actual power it is currently using for transmission (Pcmax), on a particular channel, where UE Tx power is a function of the estimated path loss (based on downlink (DL) reference signals (RS)). In 5G networks, the UE calculates and reports this power headroom to the base station using a power headroom report (PHR). The PHR is transmitted over MAC control elements (CE) (a one or multiplebyte message) that provides information about the current power headroom. The PHR may help the base station determine whether the UE needs to increase or decrease its transmission power. The power headroom is a crucial metric in wireless communication because it directly affects the quality of the wireless signal, as the transmit power of the UE may be determined based, at least partially, on the power headroom (report).

[0032] Referring now to FIG. 2, illustrated is an example of a UE (210) reporting PH (220) to the network (230) within a serving cell. The PHR is reported to the gNB using MAC CE transmitted on the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The gNB may use these reports within, for example, its packet scheduler and link adaptation algorithms. The packet scheduler is responsible for identifying the number of resource blocks to be allocated to the PUSCH, whereas link adaptation is responsible for identifying the modulation and coding scheme (MCS). As the PHR is transmitted over the PUSCH, there may be an explicit acknowledgment from the NW.

[0033] Referring now to FIG. 3, illustrated is an example of a single entry PHR MAC CE comprising fields for indicating the following: P (310), R (320), PH (330), MPE or R (340), and Pcmax (350). In an example PHR, the “P” bit may be used to indicate whether there is an MPE event such that the MPE bits may be used to indicate the level of transmit power reduction due to MPE. If P-bit = 0, there may be no MPE event, and the MPE bits may not be used (i.e. they may be reserved). If P-bit = 1 , there may be an MPE event, and the MPE bits may indicate the severity of it. The “R” bit may be a reserved bit, for example a bit that is not currently being used in the PHR.

[0034] PCMAX, f,c is used for calculation of the preceding PH fields (e.g. P, PH, MPE). Pcmax value is a function of the following parameters: power amplifier (PA) maximum output power, power management maximum power reduction (P-MPR), additional maximum power reduction (A-MPR), and maximum power reduction (MPR). Pcmax may also be referred to as a maximum transmit power.

[0035] The PA maximum output power may vary depending on the PA used (for example, due to hardware limitation) and on the power class in use for that PA. A typical value for PC3 PA is 23 dBm.

[0036] MPR is a dynamic value depending on MCS and scheduled operating band(s).

[0037] P-MPR is a dynamic value, depending on the user presence, that may be used to reduce radiated power. P-MPR may be used to ensure UE compliance with the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) exposure regulation, which is set for limiting radio frequency (RF) exposure on the human body.

[0038] A-MPR is a dynamic value applied by the UE, for example, to respect regulatory requirements in specific licensed bands.

[0039] Pcmax scales down with A-MPR, P-MPR and MPR values. The Pcmax field is 6 bits.

[0040] PHR reports may be transmitted on MAC periodically, and may be configured by the network with radio resource control (RRC) signaling. Their periodicity may vary from 10 subframes to 1000 subframes, with a default value of 10 sf (i.e. 10ms).

[0041] The PHR may be configured using a PHR-Config Information element. Within PHR-Config, the phr-PeriodicTimer may be used to instruct the UE to send periodic power headroom reports at different configured subframe intervals. The phr-ProhibitTimer may be used to prevent the UE from sending PHR too frequently. The prohibit timer may be started after sending a PHR report, and subsequent reports may not be sent until the timer has expired. The phr-Tx-PowerFactorChange may be used to instruct the UE to senda power headroom report when the pathloss has changed by more than the value of the parameter, for example 1, 3, or 6 dB.

[0042] An example parameter configuration for PHR is illustrated in TABLE 1 :TABLE 1

[0043] In the example of FIG. 3, a Type 1 PHR is illustrated. However, this is not limiting; example embodiments of the present disclosure may relate to any type of PHR report. There are four types of PHR reports:

[0044] - Type 1 PHR: the difference between the nominal UE maximum transmit power and the estimated power for uplink synchronization channel (UL-SCH) transmission per activated serving cell is indicated.

[0045] - Type 2 PHR: the difference between the nominal UE maximum transmit power and the estimated power for UL-SCH and physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission on SpCell of the other MAC entity (i.e. E-UTRA MAC entity in EN-DC, NE-DC, and NGEN-DC cases) is indicated.

[0046] - Type 3 PHR: the difference between the nominal UE maximum transmit power and the estimated power for sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission per activated serving cell is indicated.

[0047] - MPE P-MPR: the power backoff to meet the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) FR2 requirements for a serving cell operating on FR2 is indicated.

[0048] In addition to PHR, the Virtual PHR is designed to provide information about path loss and transmit power control (TPC) without relying on actual transmission data. It does not reflect the real transmit power for PUSCH transmission, but rather serves as a reference for power control decisions in the absenceof active transmissions. The calculation of Virtual PHR typically assumes a minimum resource allocation, e.g. 1 physical resource block (PRB). Virtual PHR may be used for Multiple Entry PHR MAC CE. An explicit indication for the type of PHR (whether virtual or not) may be included with each PHR report. This may help the network to differentiate between actual and virtual PHRs, thus simplifying the power control process. Referring now to FIG. 4, illustrated is an example of Pcmax (410) and Tx power (420) as they may vary over time. PCmax may depend on P-MPR, A-MPR, and MPR parameters, and Tx power may depend on TPC, P0, etc. parameters. The resulting difference is the PH value (430). The values illustrated in FIG. 4 are not limiting; any values of UE Tx power and Pcmax may be possible.

[0049] The network only receives Pcmax as a single value where UE has combined the impacts of MPR, A-MPR, P-MPR and PA max output power. Only P-MPR for MPE specifically may be calculated out of the equation, as it is also separately reported, though only in steps of 3 dB (for example with 2 bits). For the other parameters comprised in Pcmax, the network has little knowledge, and multiple factors are embedded in the reported Pcmax value.

[0050] Moreover, A-MPR, P-MPR are slowly changing values, i.e. changes may take several 100 ms, whereas PHR is reported with a periodicity varying between 10 ms and 1s. As such, there may be multiple instances of PHR reports where the Pcmax value is actually the same, but the network does not know it until it is received. The network cannot predict whether Pcmax value at the UE would be stable (e.g. the value is maintained over a period of time) or not. Hence, the NW may not adapt / predict optimally the scheduling and allocation accordingly.

[0051] Furthermore, the UE may also adopt power class (PC) fallback to manage its transmission power and avoid exceeding regulatory limits, particularly in scenarios involving high power uplink transmissions, for example fallback from PC2 (e.g. higher transmit power device) to PC3 (e.g. lower transmit power device, such as a smartphone) due to duty cycle exceedance based on UE implementation (e.g. duty cycle start / end transparent to NW). When the UE detects that it cannot sustain the required transmission power, it may fall back to a lower power class, and the gNB may only be aware of it in a reactive fashion, and may have little or no time to adjust scheduling accordingly. For instance, the scheduled UL transmission based on the last PHR, in this case, may suffer from a large coverage gap (e.g., 3dB only due to unpredictable power class change by the NW upon scheduling this UL transmission).

[0052] In addition, with carrier aggregation or simultaneous (time overlapping) UL transmissions use case, Pcmax, total or Pcmax, f,c may change drastically based on the activated component carriers (CCs) that may not be known in a timely manner by all cells. Although the UE received scheduling information frommultiple TRPs, for example in a multiple downlink control information (mDCI) scenario (i.e. with DCI from each of multiple TRP scheduled separately), the network may not be aware of this scheduling information (e.g. due to multi-DCI and / or to non-ideal backhaul). As a result, the gNB may receive the information on Pcmax change reactively and / or unpredictably.

[0053] In summary, there is a lack of visibility, from the network perspective, of Pcmax changes at the UE (whether they come from MPR, A-MPR, PC fallback or any other Pcmax related parameters) and thus a lack of predictability of PH (including predictability of stable conditions), and a sub-optimal scheduling of the resources and configurations of the PHR (e.g. reporting periodicity).

[0054] It may be noted that maxUplinkDutyCycle-FR2 is a UE capability to facilitate electromagnetic power density exposure requirements. This UE capability is applicable to all FR2 power classes. If the field of UE capability maxUplinkDutyCycle-FR2 is present, and the percentage of uplink symbols transmitted within any 1 s evaluation period is larger than maxUplinkDutyCycle-FR2, the UE may follow the uplink scheduling and may apply P-MPRf,c.

[0055] Referring now to FIG. 5, illustrated is a flowchart showing UE and NW operation according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. At 501 , the NW may determine a configuration for power headroom reporting. At 502, the NW may transmit, to the UE, the configuration for power headroom reporting. The configuration may comprise an enabling indication for stability reporting. The configuration may comprise a periodicity indication for the stability reporting. At 503, the UE may determine PH and / or Pcmax. At 504, the UE may determine stability of PH and / or stability of Pcmax. At 505, the UE may transmit, to the NW, one or more power headroom reports. Based on the determined stability of PH and / or the determined stability of Pcmax, the PHR may be generated according to the received configuration for power headroom reporting, or a previous or preconfigured configuration for power headroom reporting. At 506, the NW may modify uplink scheduling based, at least partially, on the one or more received PHR.

[0056] In an example embodiment, the UE may indicate a stability of Pcmax, and may use the Pcmax field to provide additional information to the NW. When a UE is transmitting a PHR, if the Pcmax, or one or multiple parameters of Pcmax, such as P-MPR, A-MPR, MPR, etc. is the same as, or is within a threshold or a range as, the one in the previous report, the UE may indicate that the previous reported value can be reused by network, for example by lighting or activating an indication that it is valid. Alternatively, the UE may indicate that the previous reported value cannot be used by the network, for example by indicating that the previous reported value is not valid.

[0057] In an example embodiment, a UE may indicate that the previous reported value is valid if the UE can prevision / predict / estimate Pcmax stability within a duration that is less than or equal to a pre-defined duration (e.g., PHR periodicity).

[0058] The Pcmax stability may be, for example, a prediction that the previous reported value will not substantially change due to a known or expected event, or a prediction that no event will occur within the duration that would cause the previous reported value to change. The prediction may be a prediction with at least a predefined confidence.

[0059] The previous reported value may be determined to not be substantially stable if it is predicted that the previous reported value will change, or will change more than a threshold amount, within the duration or stability period. Alternatively, the previous reported value may be determined to not be substantially stable if a prediction of stability is determined with less than a predefined confidence (e.g. the probability that the stability estimate is accurate is less than 50%).

[0060] In an example embodiment, a UE may provide an indication indicative of whether Pcmax, or one or multiple parameters of Pcmax such as P-MPR, A-MPR, MPR, are expected to stay stable for at least a time period.

[0061] In an example embodiment, a UE may use the Pcmax field to send an indication that the UE predicts that the Pcmax value would remain unchanged. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use the Pcmax field to send an indication that the UE predicts that the one or multiple parameters of the Pcmax (i.e. P-MPR, A-MPR, MPR) would remain unchanged or stable (e.g. within a range).

[0062] In an example embodiment, a UE may use the Pcmax field to send an indication of for how long Pcmax, or one or multiple parameters of Pcmax (i.e. P-MPR, A-MPR, MPR), may be estimated or predicted to remain unchanged. The time duration prediction for a stable Pcmax (or one or multiple parameters of Pcmax (i.e. P-MPR, A-MPR, MPR)) value may be given in x ms, frames, subframes, a number of future reporting occasions (e.g. number of upcoming reports), etc.

[0063] In an example embodiment, a UE may use the Pcmax field to send an indication of the range where a Pcmax (or one or multiple parameters of Pcmax (i.e. P-MPR, A-MPR, MPR)) value is considered unchanged. Stability may be indicated where the Pcmax value is predicted to stay within a + / -threshold, e.g. less than + / -0.5 dB may be considered substantially stable.

[0064] In an example embodiment, partial Pcmax field usage may be performed, where one or more least significant bit(s) from the Pcmax field may be used to indicate the deltaPcmax compared to the last reported Pcmax (e.g. an offset value over the last reported Pcmax), and one or more most significant bit(s) may be used for new indication (e.g., stability period, duty cycle, etc.). In other words, the Pcmax field may be used to indicate multiple different parameters.

[0065] In the present disclosure, a maximum transmit power related value may be used to refer to Pcmax, a range, a time duration, P-MPR, A-MPR, MPR, or any value / parameter associated with Pcmax that may be transmitted via PHR according to a power headroom report configuration associated with maximum power headroom reporting according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0066] In an example embodiment, the UE may skip or omit Pcmax indication after determining that the Pcmax value is substantially stable.

[0067] In an example embodiment, the UE may provide an indication indicative of whether Pcmax (or one or multiple parameters of Pcmax, such as P-MPR, A-MPR, MPR) is expected to stay stable for at least a time period, or alternatively that at least one Pcmax field is used or omitted / skipped, using at least one bit (such as a reserved bit) in the MAC CE, or through another MAC CE, or even through uplink control information (UCI).

[0068] Such UE prediction of stability of Pcmax, or one or multiple parameters of Pcmax (i.e. P-MPR, A-MPR, MPR) may be based on a typical speed of user or UE movement, heating curves per mm2 (e.g. with respect to one or more components of the UE), remaining time (e.g. UL transmittable slots according to the operating duty cycle) from PC2 or a high / higher-power class duty cycle, etc. Alternatively, or in combination with the above, such UE prediction on stability of Pcmax (or one or multiple parameters of Pcmax (i.e. P- MPR, A-MPR, MPR)) may be based on UE artificial intelligence (Al) and / or machine learning (ML) models, where the AI / ML models may be agreed upon in a specification, provided by the network, or determined based on a UE internal procedure.

[0069] Additionally or alternatively, the UE may predict PH or Pcmax stability based, at least partially, on a comparison of PH and / or Pcmax values at determined at time T1 , and PH and / or Pcmax values determined at time T2. If the values are the same or within a predefined range of each other, the UE may determine that the value(s) is stable, or substantially stable. If the values vary outside a variability range or threshold, the variables may be considered not stable or unstable. The UE may also determine whether a value is stable based on whether the value is predicted to be substantially the same for a predefined timeperiod; if it is predicted to be substantially the same for less than the predefined time period, the value may be determined to be not stable or unstable. The range within which a value is determined to be substantially stable (e.g. variability threshold), and / or the predefined minimum time period for which a value must be predicted to be substantially the same in order to be considered stable (e.g. time duration of stability), may be determined by the UE or configured by the NW. The UE may also determine a time duration during which the value(s) are predicted to remain stable. In the present disclosure, the terms "stable” and "stability” may mean that values are capable of being reused during a time period. A value may be considered stable, or substantially stable, if it is predicted to be stable, or substantially stable, with a confidence or probability above a threshold or interval. A value may be considered stable if the likelihood of stability is above a threshold likelihood. The UE may be configured with one or more parameters, criteria, and / or rules for determining a stability of a value.

[0070] An example of an AI / ML model is a neural network. A neural network (NN) is a computation graph consisting of two or more layers of computation. Each layer may consist of one or more units, where each unit may perform an elementary computation. A unit may be connected to one or more other units, and the connection may have a weight associated with it. The weight may be used for scaling the signal passing through the associated connection. Weights may be learnable parameters, i.e., values which can be learned from training data. There may be other learnable parameters, such as those of batch-normalization layers.

[0071] Two of the most widely used architectures for neural networks are feed-forward and recurrent architectures. Feed-forward neural networks do not comprise a feedback loop; each layer takes input from one or more of the previous layers and provides output, which is used as the input for one or more of the subsequent layers. Units within a layer take input from unit(s) in one or more preceding layers, and provide output to unit(s) of one or more following layers.

[0072] Initial layers, i.e. layers close to the input data, extract semantically low-level features from received data, and intermediate and final layers extract more high-level features. After the feature extraction layers there may be one or more layers performing a certain task, such as classification, semantic segmentation, object detection, denoising, style transfer, super-resolution, etc. In recurrent neural networks, there is a feedback loop, so that the network becomes stateful, i.e., it is able to memorize or retain information or a state.

[0073] Neural networks may be utilized in an ever increasing number of applications for many different types of device, such as mobile phones, as described above. Examples of applications may include image and video analysis and processing, social media data analysis, device usage data analysis, etc.

[0074] Neural networks, and other machine learning tools, may be able to learn properties from input data, either in a supervised way or in an unsupervised way. Such learning may be the result of a training algorithm, or of a meta-level neural network providing a training signal.

[0075] In an example embodiment, the UE may indicate a stability of PH, and may use the PH field to provide additional information to the NW. When the UE is transmitting a PHR, if the PH (or path loss estimate) value is the same (or within a threshold or a range) than the one in the previous report, the UE may indicate that the previous value should be re-used by the network, for example by lighting or activating an indication that it is valid. Alternatively, if the PH is not estimated to be stable, the UE may indicate that the previous value should not be re-used, for example by lighting or activating an indication that it is not valid.

[0076] In an example embodiment, the UE may indicate that the previous value is valid if the UE can prevision / predict / estimate PH stability (e.g. substantially no change due to a known / expected event) within a duration <= pre-defined duration (e.g., PHR periodicity).

[0077] In an example embodiment, the UE may use the PH field to send an indication that the UE predicts that the PH value would remain unchanged, and / or that the path loss estimate value would remain unchanged.

[0078] In an example embodiment, the UE may use the PH field to send an indication of for how long a PH value (or a path loss estimate) is predicted to remain unchanged (e.g. a duration of stability). The time duration prediction for a stable PH (or path loss estimate) value may be given in x ms, frames, subframes, number of future reporting occasions (e.g. number of upcoming reports), etc.

[0079] In an example embodiment, the UE may use the PH field to send an indication of the range where the PH (or path loss estimate) value is considered unchanged. The stability may be within a + / - threshold (e.g. less than + / -0.5 dB may be considered substantially stable).

[0080] In an example embodiment, partial PH field usage may be performed where one or more least significant bit(s) from the PH field may be used to indicate the deltaPH compared to the last reported PH (e.g. an offset value over the last reported PH), and one or more most significant bit(s) may be used for new indication (e.g. stability period, duty cycle, etc.). In other words, the PH field may be used to convey more than one piece of information.

[0081] In the present disclosure, a power headroom related value may be used to refer to PH, a range, a time duration, a path loss, or any value / parameter associated with PH that may be transmitted via PHRaccording to a power headroom report configuration associated with power headroom reporting according to example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0082] In an example embodiment, the UE may skip or omit PH indication if the previously transmitted PH value is determined to be substantially stable.

[0083] In an example embodiment, the stability determination with respect to Pcmax and / or PH, at the UE, may be performed under the assumption of same, or similar, transmission configuration (e.g. PRB region I waveform I modulation with its related applied MPR, etc.), or even neglecting MPR entirely with a reference PRB, e.g. similar to the definition of virtual PHR. In other words, the UE may predict whether a previously transmitted Pcmax and / or PH value is substantially stable based on a current PHR transmission configuration and / or a current UL transmission configuration.

[0084] In an example embodiment, the UE may indicate a stability of PH and / or a stability of Pcmax, and may use the PH field and / or the Pcmax field to provide additional information to the NW.

[0085] At time T1 , the UE may transmit a PHR that includes a PH value and / or a Pcmax value, for example a PHR as illustrated in FIG. 3. At time T1 , the PHR may not comprise stability information with respect to either of the PH or the Pcmax.

[0086] Referring now to FIG. 6, at time T2 (605), the UE may compute PH and Pcmax. If at least one of the values is the same as the one reported at time T1 , and the UE is configured for reporting, for example, PHR stability, UE may transmit a PHR report indicative of at least one of that the value that is unchanged, and optionally for how long, and optionally within what range (depending on the PHR configuration from gNB I PHR format).

[0087] In the example of FIG. 6, the UE is configured to transmit PHR at T2 according to, for example, PHR configuration x (605), PHR configuration y (610), or PHR configuration z (615). For each PHR configuration, three alternatives for PHR field re-purposing or use may be available, for example alternative 1 (620), alternative 2 (625), or alternatives 1 and 2 (630).

[0088] In the example of FIG. 6, PHR configuration x (605) comprises a PHR configuration in which a duration of the stability of a Pcmax and / or PH value is included in a PHR field. In the example of FIG. 6, PHR configuration y (610) comprises a PHR configuration in which both a duration of the stability of a Pcmax and / or PH value, and a range within which the Pcmax and / or PH value may vary while still considered stable (e.g. expected to change only within a range of x-y dB), may be included in one or more PHR fields. In theexample of FIG. 6, PHR configuration z (615) comprises a PHR configuration in which both a duration of the stability of a Pcmax and / or PH value, a range within which the Pcmax and / or PH value may vary while still considered stable, and an indication that one or more variables / parameters upon which Pcmax or PH may be determined (e.g. MPR, P-MPR, A-MPR, PL, etc.) are predicted to remain unchanged / stable, may be included in one or more PHR fields.

[0089] In the example of FIG. 6, alternative 1 (620) for the PHR field may comprise usage of the Pcmax field. In an example embodiment, the UE may not send a Pcmax value. Alternatively, the UE may send an indication in the PHR to the gNB and indicate that the Pcmax value is empty. Alternatively, the UE may use the Pcmax field (e.g., 6 available bits) for indicating a duration of time where / during which Pcmax, or one or multiple parameters of Pcmax (i.e. P-MPR, A-MPR, MPR), may be unchanged and / or within a variability range. Alternatively, the UE may send the PHR to the gNB and indicate that the Pcmax field is used, for example according to a (re-)configuration.

[0090] In the example of FIG. 6, alternative 2 (625) for PHR field may comprise usage of the PH field.

[0091] In the example of FIG. 6, alternative 1&2 (630) for PHR field may comprise usage of both thePH and Pcmax fields.

[0092] Optionally, the second PHR sent at time T2 may contain a bit (635) indicating the usage of the PH and / or Pcmax field (according to the configuration).

[0093] In the example of FIG. 6, the second PHR sent at time T2 may comprise field(s) that are used to indicate to the network that the UE predicts that PH and / or Pcmax (or a subset of parameters e.g. A-MPR) would not change more than 0.5 dB in the coming 200ms. These values are only examples; any values or combination of parameters may be included in the second PHR sent at time T2 based, at least partially, on the PHR configuration.

[0094] Note that the value of 200ms / 0.5dB is identical in Pcmax and PH field usage as an example; they could be different from one another. Other values / granularities may also be considered depending on the number of bits in the field(s) dedicated for each new indication.

[0095] Optionally, in each of the PHR, the UE may include an indication (635) that the PHR is a PHR configured to include a stability value and / or perform PHR field usage.

[0096] In the example of FIG. 6, where the UE is configured to use PHR configuration x (605) and alternative 1 (620), the UE may include a duration of the stability of a Pcmax and / or PH value in the Pcmax field (640).

[0097] In the example of FIG. 6, where the UE is configured to use PHR configuration x (605) and alternative 2 (625), the UE may include a duration of the stability of a Pcmax and / or PH value in the PH field (645).

[0098] In the example of FIG. 6, where the UE is configured to use PHR configuration x (605) and alternatives 1 &2 (630) the UE may include a duration of the stability of a Pcmax and / or PH value in the PH field (650) and the Pcmax field (655).

[0099] In the example of FIG. 6, where the UE is configured to use PHR configuration y (610) and alternative 1 (620), the UE may include a duration of the stability of a Pcmax and / or PH value and a range within which the Pcmax and / or PH value may vary while still considered substantially stable in the Pcmax field (660).

[0100] In the example of FIG. 6, where the UE is configured to use PHR configuration y (610) and alternative 2 (625), the UE may include a duration of the stability of a Pcmax and / or PH value and a range within which the Pcmax and / or PH value may vary while still considered stable in the PH field (665).

[0101] In the example of FIG. 6, where the UE is configured to use PHR configuration y (610) and alternatives 1 &2 (630), the UE may include a duration of the stability of a Pcmax and / or PH value and a range within which the Pcmax and / or PH value may vary while still considered stable in the PH field (670) and the Pcmax field (675).

[0102] In the example of FIG. 6, where the UE is configured to use PHR configuration z (615) and alternative 1 (620), the UE may include a duration of the stability of a Pcmax and / or PH value, a range within which the Pcmax and / or PH value may vary while still considered stable, and an indication that one or more variables / parameters upon which Pcmax or PH may be determined are predicted to remain unchanged / stable in the Pcmax field (680).

[0103] In the example of FIG. 6, where the UE is configured to use PHR configuration z (615) and alternative 2 (625), the UE may include a duration of the stability of a Pcmax and / or PH value, a range within which the Pcmax and / or PH value may vary while still considered stable, and an indication that one or morevari ables / parameters upon which Pcmax or PH may be determined are predicted to remain unchanged / stable in the PH field (685).

[0104] In the example of FIG. 6, where the UE is configured to use PHR configuration z (615) and alternatives 1 &2 (630), the UE may include a duration of the stability of a Pcmax and / or PH value, a range within which the Pcmax and / or PH value may vary while still considered stable, and an indication that one or more variables / parameters upon which Pcmax or PH may be determined are predicted to remain unchanged / stable in the PH field (690) and the Pcmax field (695).

[0105] In an example embodiment, the stability indication may assume that the network scheduling remains unchanged. Similarly, when a large offset to Pcmax is expected and indicated, or a stability duration will expire before scheduling of the next UL transmission, the NW may configure / schedule UL transmission with a more conservative configuration (e.g., lower MCS, lower # of RBs, etc.). If there is a high transmit power reduction predicted to last for a long time, the network may reduce the amount of UL PRBs scheduled in order to improve spectral efficiency.

[0106] In an example embodiment, in response to receiving a PHR with stability indication and / or PHR field usage, the NW may determine to allocate UL resources to the UE. Additionally or alternatively, the NW may determine to schedule UL transmission. Additionally or alternatively, the NW may determine to change a periodicity of the PHR. Additionally or alternatively, the NW may determine to cause the UE to perform beam switch. Additionally or alternatively, the NW may determine to cause the UE to perform TRP switch. Additionally or alternatively, the NW may determine to cause the UE to perform cell switch. Additionally or alternatively, the NW may determine to cause the UE to switch MCS.

[0107] Referring now to FIG. 7, illustrated are examples of PHR transmission at times T3 (705) and T4 (710) according to PHR configuration x. It may be noted that other PHR configurations may be used for PHR transmission at times after time T2 (i.e. the first PHR that is indicating stability), and / or that a smaller or larger number of transmissions of PHR may be performed after time T2. For example, the NW may reconfigure the UE with a different PHR configuration between times T2 and T3. In particular, in the case of PHR periodicity, if the second PHR reports stability for 2 seconds, and PHR periodicity is 20ms, the network may decide to reconfigure PHR with a longer periodicity (e.g. 500 ms).

[0108] The example of FIG. 7 illustrates an example embodiment in which the UE may, in further PHR, count down the time remaining and, optionally, a stability range or confidence interval (e.g. if the stability range changes, this may be indicated).

[0109] Referring now to FIG. 7, illustrated are examples of PHR transmissions following a PHR stability indication. Note that the value of 180 / 160ms is identical in Pcmax and PH field usage as an example; however, this is not limiting, and the values could be different from one another.

[0110] At time T3 (705), according to PHR configuration x and alternative 1 (715), the UE may transmit an updated duration in the Pcmax field (735). Alternatively, according to PHR configuration x and alternative 2 (720), the UE may transmit an updated duration in the PH field (740). Alternatively, according to PHR configuration x and alternatives 1 &2 (725), the UE may transmit an updated duration in the PH field (745) and the Pcmax field (750).

[0111] At time T4 (710), which may be 20 ms (755) after T3 (705), according to PHR configuration x and alternative 1 (715), the UE may transmit an updated duration in the Pcmax field (760). Alternatively, according to PHR configuration x and alternative 2 (720), the UE may transmit an updated duration in the PH field (765). Alternatively, according to PHR configuration x and alternatives 1 &2 (725), the UE may transmit an updated duration in the PH field (770) and the Pcmax field (775).

[0112] In an alternative example embodiment, PHR transmissions at times T3, T4, etc. may be skipped, for example until the duration for which PHR is expected to be substantially stable has elapsed. For example, skipping PHR transmission may be performed if PHR is substantially stable, if PHR stability was indicated at time T2, etc. MAC-CE drop (i.e. not transmit PHR via MAC-CE) and indicating that the PHR is skipped via, for example, UCI, may be considered.

[0113] In an example embodiment, skipping of PHR transmission may explicitly indicated. For example, after PHR indicating stability (at T2), low layer signaling may be used to inform the NW that one or more subsequent PHR transmissions will be skipped.

[0114] In an example embodiment, skipping of PHR transmission may be implicitly indicated. For example, PHR indicating stability (at T2) may implicitly inform the NW that the next PHR (T3, T4, etc.) will be skipped for a duration of, for example, 200 sf.

[0115] In an example embodiment, PHR transmission may be skipped unless one or more conditions are no longer valid. For example, if one or more conditions that contribute to the stability of PH or Pcmax remain the same, then PHR transmission may be skipped. Similarly, if one or more conditions that contribute to the stability of PH or Pcmax change, then PHR transmission may be performed.

[0116] Conditions that may be considered may include: whether the stability period has changed; whether the stability range has changed; whether Pcmax has changed more than a threshold; whether PH has changed more than a threshold (pathloss); whether the NW has sent a TPC command with positive or negative value (non-zero value); and / or whether the NW has changed scheduling (outer band, MCS, etc.). If all of these conditions have not changed, then PHR transmission has been skipped. If one of these conditions has changed, then PHR may be transmitted.

[0117] In response to receiving or not receiving PHR at times T3 and T4, the NW may reconfigure PHR periodicity and / or adapt UL scheduling (e.g. PRBs, modulation, etc.).

[0118] It may be noted that, if the UE is configured to skip PHR transmission, the NW may be configured to determine whether not receiving PHR means that there was an error with PHR transmission, reception, or decoding, or whether PHR was not received because the UE determined to skip transmission of PHR.

[0119] It may be noted that the UE may have knowledge on the duration of certain events for Pcmax prediction. For example, fastest user movement is 200 ms for 10 cm (where P-MPR may need to be applied) which may for example translate to 10 stable P-MPR values if PHR reporting periodicity is configured to 20 ms.

[0120] It may be noted that the UE may also have knowledge on the duration of cooling down of some RF parts of the UE. For example, if the UE is applying A-MPR for overheating, the UE may know that it may take, for example, 2 seconds to cool down to normal temperature, hence the UE may apply A-MPR for 2 seconds, which may translate to 100 stable A-MPR values if PHR reporting periodicity is configured to 20 ms.

[0121] It may be noted that MPR may vary depending on network parameters, i.e. MCS, PRB allocation, etc. The UE may report a stable Pcmax value under the assumption that MPR is unchanged (i.e. if P-MPR and A-MPR are substantially stable, UE may assume same MPR and report stable Pcmax).

[0122] A technical effect of example embodiments of the present disclosure may be that the NW may better adapt scheduling, allocation (inner, outer band), link adaptation, (resourcing saving can only happen in the case than PHR is skipped), etc. A technical effect of example embodiments of the present disclosure may be enabling the gNB to schedule future slots with prediction information from the UE regarding P-MPR, A-MPR, and / or MPR stability.

[0123] FIG. 8 illustrates the potential steps of an example method 800. The example method 800 may include: receiving, from a base station, a power headroom report configuration associated with maximum transmit power reporting, 810; and transmitting, to the base station, a power headroom report based, at least partially, on the received power headroom report configuration, wherein the power headroom report comprises, at least, at least one stability parameter with respect to maximum transmit power, 820. The example method 800 may be performed, for example, with a UE.

[0124] FIG. 9 illustrates the potential steps of an example method 900. The example method 900 may include: transmitting, to at least one user equipment, a power headroom report configuration associated with maximum transmit power reporting, 910; and receiving, from the at least one user equipment, a power headroom report, wherein the power headroom report comprises, at least, at least one stability parameter with respect to maximum transmit power, 920. The example method 900 may be performed, for example, with a network node, a base station, a gNB, a NW, a network entity, etc.

[0125] FIG. 10 illustrates the potential steps of an example method 1000. The example method 1000 may include: receiving, from a base station, a power headroom report configuration associated with power headroom reporting, 1010; and transmitting to the base station, a power headroom report based, at least partially, on the received power headroom report configuration, wherein the power headroom report comprises, at least, at least one stability parameter with respect to power headroom, 1020. The example method 1000 may be performed, for example, with a UE.

[0126] FIG. 11 illustrates the potential steps of an example method 1100. The example method 1100 may include: transmitting, to at least one user equipment, a power headroom report configuration associated with power headroom reporting, 1110; and receiving, from the at least one user equipment, a power headroom report, wherein the power headroom report comprises, at least, at least one stability parameter with respect to power headroom, 1120. The example method 1100 may be performed, for example, with a network node, a base station, a gNB, a NW, a network entity, etc.

[0127] FIG. 12 illustrates the potential steps of an example method 1200. The example method 1200 may include: receiving, from a base station, a power headroom report configuration associated with maximum transmit power reporting and power headroom reporting, 1210; and transmitting, to the base station, a power headroom report based, at least partially, on the received power headroom report configuration, wherein the power headroom report comprises, at least, at least one first stability parameter with respect to maximum transmit power, and at least one second stability parameter with respect to power headroom, 1220. The example method 1200 may be performed, for example, with a UE.

[0128] FIG. 13 illustrates the potential steps of an example method 1300. The example method 1300 may include: transmitting, to at least one user equipment, a power headroom report configuration associated with maximum transmit power reporting and power headroom reporting, 1310; and receiving, from the at least one user equipment, a power headroom report, wherein the power headroom report comprises, at least, at least one first stability parameter with respect to maximum transmit power, and at least one second stability parameter with respect to power headroom, 1320. The example method 1300 may be performed, for example, with a network node, a base station, a gNB, a NW, a network entity, etc.

[0129] According to a first aspect, there is provided an example apparatus, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a base station, a power headroom report configuration associated with maximum transmit power reporting; and transmit, to the base station, a power headroom report based, at least partially, on the received power headroom report configuration, wherein the power headroom report may comprise, at least, at least one stability parameter with respect to maximum transmit power. The example apparatus of the first aspect may include any single feature or any combination of features from the following: The power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication that the power headroom report is based, at least partially, on the received power headroom report configuration. The at least one stability parameter may be comprised in at least one field of the power headroom report. The at least one field of the power headroom report may comprise at least one of the following: a maximum transmit power field, or a power headroom field. The example apparatus may be further configured to: omit transmission of at least one of the following from the power headroom report: a maximum transmit power value, or a power headroom value. The at least one stability parameter may comprise at least one of the following: a first indicator indicating that a previously transmitted maximum transmit power is valid, a stability period during which the previously transmitted maximum transmit power is valid, a stability range, about the previously transmitted maximum transmit power, within which the maximum transmit power is estimated to vary, a second indicator indicating that a power management maximum power reduction value is valid, a third indicator indicating that an additional maximum power reduction value is valid, a fourth indicator indicating that a maximum power reduction value is valid, an offset value over the previously transmitted maximum transmit power, or a duty cycle. The stability period may comprise an indication of one of: a time period, a number of frames, a number of sub-frames, or a number of reporting occasions. The example apparatus may be further configured to: determine whether a first maximum transmit power is substantially stable, wherein the power headroom report may be transmitted in response to a determination that the first maximum transmit power is substantially stable. The example apparatus may be further configured to:transmit, to the base station, another power headroom report comprising, at least, the first maximum transmit power. The first maximum transmit power may be determined to be substantially stable based, at least partially, on at least one of the following: the first maximum transmit power and a second maximum transmit power being within a predefined range, a threshold time period during which the first maximum transmit power is estimated to be valid, a threshold above which a stability of the first maximum transmit power is estimated to be probable, at least one upcoming event, a periodicity associated with the maximum transmit power, a power management maximum power reduction value, an additional maximum power reduction value, a maximum power reduction value, a speed of movement, a heating or cooling rate associated with at least part of the example apparatus, a remaining validity time associated with the first maximum transmit power, a remaining time for a high-power duty cycle, or an artificial intelligence and / or machine learning model associated with the example apparatus. The first maximum transmit power may be associated with a first time period that is earlier than a second time period associated with the second maximum transmit power. The example apparatus may be further configured to: transmit, to the base station, at least one further power headroom report, wherein the at least one further power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication of a remaining validity time associated with the power headroom report. The example apparatus may be further configured to: omit transmission of at least one further power headroom report based, at least partially, on a determination that the power headroom report is valid during a transmission occasion associated with the at least one further power headroom report. The example apparatus may be further configured to: transmit, via lower layer signaling, an indication that transmission of the at least one further power headroom report will be omitted. Omitting transmission of the at least one further power headroom report may be determined based, at least partially, on at least one of the following: a stability period associated with a previously transmitted maximum transmit power has not changed, a stability range associated with the previously transmitted maximum transmit power has not changed, a currently estimated maximum transmit power has not changed more than a first threshold amount from the previously transmitted maximum transmit power, a transmission power control command, comprising a non-zero value, has been received, or an indication of resource scheduling has been received. The example apparatus may be further configured to: receive at least one of the following: an indication of uplink transmission scheduling, a resource allocation, an indication of a modulation and coding scheme, an indication of an updated periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports, an indication of beam switch, an indication of transmission and / or reception point switch, or an indication of cell switch. The received power headroom report configuration may comprise at least one of the following: a first indication enabling the power headroom report, a second indication of a time period for determining whether a maximum transmit power related value is valid during the time period, or a third indication of a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports.

[0130] According to a second aspect, there is provided an example method, comprising: receiving, with a user equipment from a base station, a power headroom report configuration associated with maximum transmit power reporting; and transmitting, to the base station, a power headroom report based, at least partially, on the received power headroom report configuration, wherein the power headroom report may comprise, at least, at least one stability parameter with respect to maximum transmit power. The example method of the second aspect may include any single feature or any combination of features from the following: The power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication that the power headroom report is based, at least partially, on the received power headroom report configuration. The at least one stability parameter may be comprised in at least one field of the power headroom report. The at least one field of the power headroom report may comprise at least one of the following: a maximum transmit power field, or a power headroom field. The example method may further comprise: omitting transmission of at least one of the following from the power headroom report: a maximum transmit power value, or a power headroom value. The at least one stability parameter may comprise at least one of the following: a first indicator indicating that a previously transmitted maximum transmit power is valid, a stability period during which the previously transmitted maximum transmit power is valid, a stability range, about the previously transmitted maximum transmit power, within which the maximum transmit power is estimated to vary, a second indicator indicating that a power management maximum power reduction value is valid, a third indicator indicating that an additional maximum power reduction value is valid, a fourth indicator indicating that a maximum power reduction value is valid, an offset value over the previously transmitted maximum transmit power, or a duty cycle. The stability period may comprise an indication of one of: a time period, a number of frames, a number of sub-frames, or a number of reporting occasions. The example method may further comprise: determining whether a first maximum transmit power is substantially stable, wherein the power headroom report may be transmitted in response to a determination that the first maximum transmit power is substantially stable. The example method may further comprise: transmitting, to the base station, another power headroom report comprising, at least, the first maximum transmit power. The first maximum transmit power is determined to be substantially stable based, at least partially, on at least one of the following: the first maximum transmit power and a second maximum transmit power being within a predefined range, a threshold time period during which the first maximum transmit power is estimated to be valid, a threshold above which a stability of the first maximum transmit power is estimated to be probable, at least one upcoming event, a periodicity associated with the maximum transmit power, a power management maximum power reduction value, an additional maximum power reduction value, a maximum power reduction value, a speed of movement, a heating or cooling rate associated with at least part of the user equipment, a remaining validity time associated with the first maximum transmit power, a remaining time for a high-power duty cycle, or an artificialintelligence and / or machine learning model associated with the user equipment. The first maximum transmit power may be associated with a first time period that is earlier than a second time period associated with the second maximum transmit power. The example method may further comprise: transmitting, to the base station, at least one further power headroom report, wherein the at least one further power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication of a remaining validity time associated with the power headroom report. The example method may further comprise: omitting transmission of at least one further power headroom report based, at least partially, on a determination that the power headroom report is valid during a transmission occasion associated with the at least one further power headroom report. The example method may further comprise: transmitting, via lower layer signaling, an indication that transmission of the at least one further power headroom report will be omitted. Omitting transmission of the at least one further power headroom report may be determined based, at least partially, on at least one of the following: a stability period associated with a previously transmitted maximum transmit power has not changed, a stability range associated with the previously transmitted maximum transmit power has not changed, a currently estimated maximum transmit power has not changed more than a first threshold amount from the previously transmitted maximum transmit power, a transmission power control command, comprising a non-zero value, has been received, or an indication of resource scheduling has been received. The example method may further comprise: receiving at least one of the following: an indication of uplink transmission scheduling, a resource allocation, an indication of a modulation and coding scheme, an indication of an updated periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports, an indication of beam switch, an indication of transmission and / or reception point switch, or an indication of cell switch. The received power headroom report configuration may comprise at least one of the following: a first indication enabling the power headroom report, a second indication of a time period for determining whether a maximum transmit power related value is valid during the time period, or a third indication of a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports.

[0131] According to a third aspect, there is provided an example apparatus, comprising: circuitry configured to perform the example method according to the second aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the second aspect.

[0132] According to a fourth aspect, there is provided an example apparatus, comprising: processing circuitry; memory circuitry including computer program code, the memory circuitry and the computer program code configured to, with the processing circuitry, enable the apparatus to perform the example method according to the second aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the second aspect.

[0133] As used in this application, the term "circuitry” or "means” may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable): (I) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit(s) with software / firmware and (II) any portions of hardware processor(s) with software (including digital signal processor(s)), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and (c) hardware circuit(s) and or processor(s), such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.” This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.

[0134] According to a fifth aspect, there is provided an example apparatus comprising means for performing, or comprising means to cause the apparatus to perform, the example method according to the second aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the second aspect.

[0135] A processor, memory, and / or example algorithms (which may be encoded as instructions, program, or code) may be provided as example means for providing or causing performance of operation.

[0136] According to a sixth aspect, there is provided an example computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon which, when executed with at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the example method according to the second aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the second aspect.

[0137] According to a seventh aspect, there is provided an example computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing: the example method according to the second aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the second aspect.

[0138] According to an eighth aspect, there is provided an example program storage device readable by a machine may be provided, tangibly embodying instructions executable by the machine for performingoperations, the operations comprising: the example method according to the second aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the second aspect.

[0139] According to a ninth aspect, there is provided an example computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the example method according to the second aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the second aspect.

[0140] According to a tenth aspect, there is provided an example computer implemented system comprising: at least one processor and at least one (non-transitory) memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system at least to perform: the example method according to the second aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the second aspect.

[0141] According to an eleventh aspect, there is provided an example computer implemented system comprising: means for performing the example method according to the second aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the second aspect.

[0142] According to a twelfth aspect, there is provided an example apparatus, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to at least one user equipment, a power headroom report configuration associated with maximum transmit power reporting; and receive, from the at least one user equipment, a power headroom report, wherein the power headroom report may comprise, at least, at least one stability parameter with respect to maximum transmit power. The example apparatus of the twelfth aspect may include any single feature or any combination of features from the following: The power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication that the power headroom report is based, at least partially, on the transmitted power headroom report configuration. The at least one stability parameter may be comprised in at least one field of the power headroom report. The at least one field of the power headroom report may comprise at least one of the following: a maximum transmit power field, or a power headroom field. At least one of a maximum transmit power value or a power headroom value may be omitted from the power headroom report. The at least one stability parameter may comprise at least one of the following: a first indicator indicating that a previously received maximum transmit power is valid, a stability period during which the previously received maximum transmit power is valid, a stability range, about the previously received maximum transmit power, within which the maximum transmit power is estimated to vary, a second indicator indicating that a power management maximum power reduction value is valid, a third indicator indicating that an additional maximum power reduction value is valid, a fourth indicator indicating that amaximum power reduction value is valid, an offset value over the previously received maximum transmit power, or a duty cycle. The stability period may comprise an indication of one of: a time period, a number of frames, a number of sub-frames, or a number of reporting occasions. The example apparatus may be further configured to: receive, from the at least one user equipment, another power headroom report comprising, at least, a first maximum transmit power, wherein the at least one stability parameter may comprise at least one stability parameter with respect to the first maximum transmit power. The example apparatus may be further configured to: receive, from the at least one user equipment, at least one further power headroom report, wherein the at least one further power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication of a remaining validity time associated with the power headroom report. The example apparatus may be further configured to: receive, via lower layer signaling, an indication that transmission of at least one further power headroom report will be omitted. The example apparatus may be further configured to: determine based, at least partially, on the power headroom report, that at least one further power headroom report will be omitted. The example apparatus may be further configured to: determine based, at least partially, on the at least one stability parameter, to at least one of: modify uplink transmission scheduling for the at least one user equipment; modify resource allocation for the at least one user equipment; modify a modulation and coding scheme for the at least one user equipment; modify a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports for the at least one user equipment; cause beam switch for the at least one user equipment; cause transmission and / or reception point switch for the at least one user equipment; or cause cell switch for the at least one user equipment. The transmitted power headroom report configuration may comprise at least one of the following: a first indication enabling the power headroom report, a second indication of a time period for determining whether a maximum transmit power related value is valid during the time period, or a third indication of a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports.

[0143] According to a thirteenth aspect, there is provided an example method, comprising: transmitting, with a base station to at least one user equipment, a power headroom report configuration associated with maximum transmit power reporting; and receiving, from the at least one user equipment, a power headroom report, wherein the power headroom report may comprise, at least, at least one stability parameter with respect to maximum transmit power. The example method of the thirteenth aspect may include any single feature or any combination of features from the following: The power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication that the power headroom report is based, at least partially, on the transmitted power headroom report configuration. The at least one stability parameter may be comprised in at least one field of the power headroom report. The at least one field of the power headroom report may comprise at least one of the following: a maximum transmit power field, or a power headroom field. At leastone of a maximum transmit power value or a power headroom value may be omitted from the power headroom report. The at least one stability parameter may comprise at least one of the following: a first indicator indicating that a previously received maximum transmit power is valid, a stability period during which the previously received maximum transmit power is valid, a stability range, about the previously received maximum transmit power, within which the maximum transmit power is estimated to vary, a second indicator indicating that a power management maximum power reduction value is valid, a third indicator indicating that an additional maximum power reduction value is valid, a fourth indicator indicating that a maximum power reduction value is valid, an offset value over the previously received maximum transmit power, or a duty cycle. The stability period may comprise an indication of one of: a time period, a number of frames, a number of sub-frames, or a number of reporting occasions. The example method may further comprise: receiving, from the at least one user equipment, another power headroom report comprising, at least, a first maximum transmit power, wherein the at least one stability parameter may comprise at least one stability parameter with respect to the first maximum transmit power. The example method may further comprise: receiving, from the at least one user equipment, at least one further power headroom report, wherein the at least one further power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication of a remaining validity time associated with the power headroom report. The example method may further comprise: receiving, via lower layer signaling, an indication that transmission of at least one further power headroom report will be omitted. The example method may further comprise: determining based, at least partially, on the power headroom report, that at least one further power headroom report will be omitted. The example method may further comprise: determining based, at least partially, on the at least one stability parameter, to at least one of: modify uplink transmission scheduling for the at least one user equipment; modify resource allocation for the at least one user equipment; modify a modulation and coding scheme for the at least one user equipment; modify a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports for the at least one user equipment; cause beam switch for the at least one user equipment; cause transmission and / or reception point switch for the at least one user equipment; or cause cell switch for the at least one user equipment. The transmitted power headroom report configuration may comprise at least one of the following: a first indication enabling the power headroom report, a second indication of a time period for determining whether a maximum transmit power related value is valid during the time period, or a third indication of a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports.

[0144] According to a fourteenth aspect, there is provided an example apparatus comprising: circuitry configured to perform: the example method according to the thirteenth aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the thirteenth aspect.

[0145] According to a fifteenth aspect, there is provided an example apparatus comprising: processing circuitry; memory circuitry including computer program code, the memory circuitry and the computer program code configured to, with the processing circuitry, enable the apparatus to: perform the example method according to the thirteenth aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the thirteenth aspect.

[0146] According to a sixteenth aspect, there is provided an example apparatus comprising means for performing, or comprising means to cause the apparatus to perform, the example method according to the thirteenth aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the thirteenth aspect.

[0147] According to a seventeenth aspect, there is provided an example computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon which, when executed with at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: perform the example method according to the thirteenth aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the thirteenth aspect.

[0148] According to an eighteenth aspect, there is provided an example computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing the example method according to the thirteenth aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the thirteenth aspect.

[0149] According to a nineteenth aspect, there is provided an example program storage device readable by a machine may be provided, tangibly embodying instructions executable by the machine for performing operations, the operations comprising: the example method according to the thirteenth aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the thirteenth aspect.

[0150] According to a twentieth aspect, there is provided an example computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the example method according to the thirteenth aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the thirteenth aspect.

[0151] According to a twenty-first aspect, there is provided an example computer implemented system comprising: at least one processor and at least one (non-transitory) memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system at least to perform: the example method according to the thirteenth aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the thirteenth aspect.

[0152] According to a twenty-second aspect, there is provided an example computer implemented system comprising: means for performing the example method according to the thirteenth aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the thirteenth aspect.

[0153] According to a twenty-third aspect, there is provided an example apparatus, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a base station, a power headroom report configuration associated with power headroom reporting; and transmit, to the base station, a power headroom report based, at least partially, on the received power headroom report configuration, wherein the power headroom report may comprise, at least, at least one stability parameter with respect to power headroom. The example apparatus of the twenty-third aspect may include any single feature or any combination of features from the following: The power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication that the power headroom report is based, at least partially, on the received power headroom report configuration. The at least one stability parameter may be comprised in at least one field of the power headroom report. The at least one field of the power headroom report may comprise at least one of the following: a maximum transmit power field, or a power headroom field. The example apparatus may be further configured to: omit transmission of at least one of the following from the power headroom report: a maximum transmit power value, or a power headroom value. The at least one stability parameter may comprise at least one of the following: a first indicator indicating that a previously transmitted power headroom is valid, a stability period during which the previously transmitted power headroom is valid, a stability range, about the previously transmitted power headroom, within which the power headroom is estimated to vary, a second indicator indicating that a path loss value is valid, an offset value over the previously transmitted power headroom, or a duty cycle. The stability period may comprise an indication of one of: a time period, a number of frames, a number of sub-frames, or a number of reporting occasions. The example apparatus may be further configured to: determine whether a first power headroom is substantially stable, wherein the power headroom report may be transmitted in response to a determination that the first power headroom is substantially stable. The example apparatus may be further configured to: transmit, to the base station, another power headroom report comprising, at least, the first power headroom. The first power headroom may be determined to be substantially stable based, at least partially, on at least one of the following: the first power headroom and a second power headroom being within a predefined range, a threshold time period during which the first power headroom is estimated to be valid, a threshold above which a stability of the first power headroom is estimated to be probable, at least one upcoming event, a periodicity associated with the power headroom, a path loss estimate value, a speed of movement, a heating or cooling rate associated withat least part of the example apparatus, a remaining validity time associated with the first power headroom, a remaining time for a high-power duty cycle, or an artificial intelligence and / or machine learning model associated with the example apparatus. The first power headroom may be associated with a first time period that is earlier than a second time period associated with the second power headroom. The example apparatus may be further configured to: transmit, to the base station, at least one further power headroom report, wherein the at least one further power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication of a remaining validity time associated with the power headroom report. The example apparatus may be further configured to: omit transmission of at least one further power headroom report based, at least partially, on a determination that the power headroom report is valid during a transmission occasion associated with the at least one further power headroom report. The example apparatus may be further configured to: transmit, via lower layer signaling, an indication that transmission of the at least one further power headroom report will be omitted. Omitting transmission of the at least one further power headroom report is determined based, at least partially, on at least one of the following: a stability period associated with a previously transmitted power headroom has not changed, a stability range associated with the previously transmitted power headroom has not changed, a currently estimated power headroom has not changed more than a first threshold amount from the previously transmitted power headroom, a transmission power control command, comprising a non-zero value, has been received, or an indication of resource scheduling has been received. The example apparatus may be further configured to: receive at least one of the following: an indication of uplink transmission scheduling, a resource allocation, an indication of a modulation and coding scheme, an indication of an updated periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports, an indication of beam switch, an indication of transmission and / or reception point switch, or an indication of cell switch. The received power headroom report configuration may comprise at least one of the following: a first indication enabling the power headroom report, a second indication of a time period for determining whether a power headroom related value is valid during the time period, or a third indication of a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports.

[0154] According to a twenty-fourth aspect, there is provided an example method, comprising: receiving, with a user equipment from a base station, a power headroom report configuration associated with power headroom reporting; and transmitting, to the base station, a power headroom report based, at least partially, on the received power headroom report configuration, wherein the power headroom report may comprise, at least, at least one stability parameter with respect to power headroom. The example method of the twenty- fourth aspect may include any single feature or any combination of features from the following: The power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication that the power headroom report is based,at least partially, on the received power headroom report configuration. The at least one stability parameter may be comprised in at least one field of the power headroom report. The at least one field of the power headroom report may comprise at least one of the following: a maximum transmit power field, or a power headroom field. The example method may further comprise: omitting transmission of at least one of the following from the power headroom report: a maximum transmit power value, or a power headroom value. The at least one stability parameter may comprise at least one of the following: a first indicator indicating that a previously transmitted power headroom is valid, a stability period during which the previously transmitted power headroom is valid, a stability range, about the previously transmitted power headroom, within which the power headroom is estimated to vary, a second indicator indicating that a path loss value is valid, an offset value over the previously transmitted power headroom, or a duty cycle. The stability period may comprise an indication of one of: a time period, a number of frames, a number of sub-frames, or a number of reporting occasions. The example method may further comprise: determining whether a first power headroom is substantially stable, wherein the power headroom report may be transmitted in response to a determination that the first power headroom is substantially stable. The example method may further comprise: transmitting, to the base station, another power headroom report comprising, at least, the first power headroom. The first power headroom may be determined to be substantially stable based, at least partially, on at least one of the following: the first power headroom and a second power headroom being within a predefined range, a threshold time period during which the first power headroom is estimated to be valid, a threshold above which a stability of the first power headroom is estimated to be probable, at least one upcoming event, a periodicity associated with the power headroom, a path loss estimate value, a speed of movement, a heating or cooling rate associated with at least part of the user equipment, a remaining validity time associated with the first power headroom, a remaining time for a high-power duty cycle, or an artificial intelligence and / or machine learning model associated with the user equipment. The first power headroom may be associated with a first time period that is earlier than a second time period associated with the second power headroom. The example method may further comprise: transmitting, to the base station, at least one further power headroom report, wherein the at least one further power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication of a remaining validity time associated with the power headroom report. The example method may further comprise: omitting transmission of at least one further power headroom report based, at least partially, on a determination that the power headroom report is valid during a transmission occasion associated with the at least one further power headroom report. The example method may further comprise: transmitting, via lower layer signaling, an indication that transmission of the at least one further power headroom report will be omitted. Omitting transmission of the at least one further power headroom report may be determined based, at least partially, on at least one of the following: a stability periodassociated with a previously transmitted power headroom has not changed, a stability range associated with the previously transmitted power headroom has not changed, a currently estimated power headroom has not changed more than a first threshold amount from the previously transmitted power headroom, a transmission power control command, comprising a non-zero value, has been received, or an indication of resource scheduling has been received. The example method may further comprise: receiving at least one of the following: an indication of uplink transmission scheduling, a resource allocation, an indication of a modulation and coding scheme, an indication of an updated periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports, an indication of beam switch, an indication of transmission and / or reception point switch, or an indication of cell switch. The received power headroom report configuration may comprise at least one of the following: a first indication enabling the power headroom report, a second indication of a time period for determining whether a power headroom related value is valid during the time period, or a third indication of a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports.

[0155] According to a twenty-fifth aspect, there is provided an example apparatus comprising: circuitry configured to perform the example method according to the twenty- fourth aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the twenty- fourth aspect.

[0156] According to a twenty-sixth aspect, there is provided an example apparatus comprising: processing circuitry; memory circuitry including computer program code, the memory circuitry and the computer program code configured to, with the processing circuitry, enable the apparatus to: perform the example method according to the twenty- fourth aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the twenty- fourth aspect.

[0157] According to a twenty-seventh aspect, there is provided an example apparatus comprising means for performing, or comprising means to cause the apparatus to perform, the example method according to the twenty- fourth aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the twentyfourth aspect.

[0158] According to a twenty-eighth aspect, there is provided an example computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon which, when executed with at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: perform the example method according to the twenty- fourth aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the twenty- fourth aspect.

[0159] According to a twenty-ninth aspect, there is provided an example computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing the example method according to the twentyfourth aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the twenty- fourth aspect.

[0160] According to a thirtieth aspect, there is provided an example program storage device readable by a machine may be provided, tangibly embodying instructions executable by the machine for performing operations, the operations comprising: the example method according to the twenty- fourth aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the twenty- fourth aspect.

[0161] According to a thirty-first aspect, there is provided an example computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the example method according to the twenty- fourth aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the twenty- fourth aspect.

[0162] According to a thirty-second aspect, there is provided an example computer implemented system comprising: at least one processor and at least one (non-transitory) memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system at least to perform the example method according to the twenty- fourth aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the twentyfourth aspect.

[0163] According to a thirty-third aspect, there is provided an example computer implemented system comprising: means for performing the example method according to the twenty- fourth aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the twenty- fourth aspect.

[0164] According to a thirty-fourth aspect, there is provided an example apparatus, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to at least one user equipment, a power headroom report configuration associated with power headroom reporting; and receive, from the at least one user equipment, a power headroom report, wherein the power headroom report may comprise, at least, at least one stability parameter with respect to power headroom. The example apparatus of the thirty-fourth aspect may include any single feature or any combination of features from the following: The power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication that the power headroom report is based, at least partially, on the transmitted power headroom report configuration. The at least one stability parameter may be comprised in at least one field of the power headroom report. The at least one field of the power headroom report may comprise at least one of the following: a maximum transmit power field, or a power headroom field. At leastone of a maximum transmit power value or a power headroom value may be omitted from the power headroom report. The at least one stability parameter may comprise at least one of the following: a first indicator indicating that a previously received power headroom is valid, a stability period during which the previously received power headroom is valid, a stability range, about the previously received power headroom, within which the power headroom is estimated to vary, a second indicator indicating that a path loss estimate value is valid, an offset value over the previously received power headroom, or a duty cycle. The stability period may comprise an indication of one of: a time period, a number of frames, a number of sub-frames, or a number of reporting occasions. The example apparatus may be further configured to: receive, from the at least one user equipment, another power headroom report comprising, at least, a first power headroom, wherein the at least one stability parameter may comprise at least one stability parameter with respect to the first power headroom. The example apparatus may be further configured to: receive, from the at least one user equipment, at least one further power headroom report, wherein the at least one further power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication of a remaining validity time associated with the power headroom report. The example apparatus may be further configured to: receive, via lower layer signaling, an indication that transmission of at least one further power headroom report will be omitted. The example apparatus may be further configured to: determine based, at least partially, on the power headroom report, that at least one further power headroom report will be omitted. The example apparatus may be further configured to: determine based, at least partially, on the at least one stability parameter, to at least one of: modify uplink transmission scheduling for the at least one user equipment; modify resource allocation for the at least one user equipment; modify a modulation and coding scheme for the at least one user equipment; modify a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports for the at least one user equipment; cause beam switch for the at least one user equipment; cause transmission and / or reception point switch for the at least one user equipment; or cause cell switch for the at least one user equipment. The transmitted power headroom report configuration may comprise at least one of the following: a first indication enabling the power headroom report, a second indication of a time period for determining whether a power headroom related value is valid during the time period, or a third indication of a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports.

[0165] According to a thirty-fifth aspect, there is provided an example method, comprising: transmitting, with a base station to at least one user equipment, a power headroom report configuration associated with power headroom reporting; and receiving, from the at least one user equipment, a power headroom report, wherein the power headroom report may comprise, at least, at least one stability parameter with respect to power headroom. The example method of the thirty-fifth aspect may include any single featureor any combination of features from the following: The power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication that the power headroom report is based, at least partially, on the transmitted power headroom report configuration. The at least one stability parameter may be comprised in at least one field of the power headroom report. The at least one field of the power headroom report may comprise at least one of the following: a maximum transmit power field, or a power headroom field. At least one of a maximum transmit power value or a power headroom value may be omitted from the power headroom report. The at least one stability parameter may comprise at least one of the following: a first indicator indicating that a previously received power headroom is valid, a stability period during which the previously received power headroom is valid, a stability range, about the previously received power headroom, within which the power headroom is estimated to vary, a second indicator indicating that a path loss estimate value is valid, an offset value over the previously received power headroom, or a duty cycle. The stability period may comprise an indication of one of: a time period, a number of frames, a number of sub-frames, or a number of reporting occasions. The example method may further comprise: receiving, from the at least one user equipment, another power headroom report comprising, at least, a first power headroom, wherein the at least one stability parameter may comprise at least one stability parameter with respect to the first power headroom. The example method may further comprise: receiving, from the at least one user equipment, at least one further power headroom report, wherein the at least one further power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication of a remaining validity time associated with the power headroom report. The example method may further comprise: receiving, via lower layer signaling, an indication that transmission of at least one further power headroom report will be omitted. The example method may further comprise: determining based, at least partially, on the power headroom report, that at least one further power headroom report will be omitted. The example method may further comprise: determining based, at least partially, on the at least one stability parameter, to at least one of: modify uplink transmission scheduling for the at least one user equipment; modify resource allocation for the at least one user equipment; modify a modulation and coding scheme for the at least one user equipment; modify a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports for the at least one user equipment; cause beam switch for the at least one user equipment; cause transmission and / or reception point switch for the at least one user equipment; or cause cell switch for the at least one user equipment. The transmitted power headroom report configuration may comprise at least one of the following: a first indication enabling the power headroom report, a second indication of a time period for determining whether a power headroom related value is valid during the time period, or a third indication of a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports.

[0166] According to a thirty-sixth aspect, there is provided an example apparatus comprising: circuitry configured to perform the example method according to the thirty-fifth aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the thirty-fifth aspect.

[0167] According to a thirty-seventh aspect, there is provided an example apparatus comprising: processing circuitry; memory circuitry including computer program code, the memory circuitry and the computer program code configured to, with the processing circuitry, enable the apparatus to perform the example method according to the thirty-fifth aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the thirty-fifth aspect.

[0168] According to a thirty-eighth aspect, there is provided an example apparatus comprising means for performing, or comprising means to cause the apparatus to perform, the example method according to the thirty-fifth aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the thirty-fifth aspect.

[0169] According to a thirty-ninth aspect, there is provided an example computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon which, when executed with at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: perform, the example method according to the thirty-fifth aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the thirty-fifth aspect.

[0170] According to a fortieth aspect, there is provided an example computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing the example method according to the thirtyfifth aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the thirty-fifth aspect.

[0171] According to a forty-first aspect, there is provided an example program storage device readable by a machine may be provided, tangibly embodying instructions executable by the machine for performing operations, the operations comprising: performing the example method according to the thirty-fifth aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the thirty-fifth aspect.

[0172] According to a forty-second aspect, there is provided an example computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the example method according to the thirty-fifth aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the thirty-fifth aspect.

[0173] According to a forty-third aspect, there is provided an example computer implemented system comprising: at least one processor and at least one (non-transitory) memory storing instructions that, whenexecuted by the at least one processor, cause the system at least to perform the example method according to the thirty-fifth aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the thirty-fifth aspect.

[0174] According to a forty-fourth aspect, there is provided an example computer implemented system comprising: means for performing the example method according to the thirty-fifth aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the thirty-fifth aspect.

[0175] According to a forty-fifth aspect, there is provided an example apparatus, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a base station, a power headroom report configuration associated with maximum transmit power reporting and power headroom reporting; and transmit, to the base station, a power headroom report based, at least partially, on the received power headroom report configuration, wherein the power headroom report may comprise, at least, at least one first stability parameter with respect to maximum transmit power, and at least one second stability parameter with respect to power headroom. The example apparatus of the forty-fifth aspect may include any single feature or any combination of features from the following: The power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication that the power headroom report is based, at least partially, on the received power headroom report configuration. The at least one first stability parameter and the at least one second stability parameter may be comprised in at least one field of the power headroom report. The at least one field of the power headroom report may comprise at least one of the following: a maximum transmit power field, or a power headroom field. The example apparatus may be further configured to: omit transmission of at least one of the following from the power headroom report: a maximum transmit power value, or a power headroom value. The at least one first stability parameter may comprise at least one of the following: a first indicator indicating that a previously transmitted maximum transmit power is valid, a first stability period during which the previously transmitted maximum transmit power is valid, a stability range, about the previously transmitted maximum transmit power, within which the maximum transmit power is estimated to vary, a second indicator indicating that a power management maximum power reduction value is valid, a third indicator indicating that an additional maximum power reduction value is valid, a fourth indicator indicating that a maximum power reduction value is valid, an offset value over the previously transmitted maximum transmit power, or a first duty cycle; wherein the at least one second stability parameter may comprise at least one of the following: a fifth indicator indicating that a previously transmitted power headroom is valid, a second stability period during which the previously transmitted power headroom is valid, a second stability range, about the previously transmitted power headroom, within which the power headroom is estimated to vary, a sixth indicatorindicating that a path loss value is valid, an offset value over the previously transmitted power headroom, or a second duty cycle. At least one of the first stability period or the second stability period may comprise an indication of one of: a time period, a number of frames, a number of sub-frames, or a number of reporting occasions. The example apparatus may be further configured to: determine whether a first maximum power reduction is substantially stable; and determine whether a first power headroom is substantially stable, wherein the power headroom report may be transmitted in response to a determination that the first maximum power reduction is substantially stable and a determination that the first power headroom is substantially stable. The example apparatus may be further configured to: transmit, to the base station, another power headroom report comprising, at least, the first maximum power reduction and the first power headroom. The first maximum transmit power may be determined to be substantially stable based, at least partially, on at least one of the following: the first maximum transmit power and a second maximum transmit power being within a first predefined range, a first threshold time period during which the first maximum transmit power is estimated to be valid, a first threshold above which a stability of the first maximum transmit power is estimated to be probable, at least one upcoming event, a periodicity associated with the maximum transmit power, a power management maximum power reduction value, an additional maximum power reduction value, a maximum power reduction value, a speed of movement, a heating or cooling rate associated with at least part of the example apparatus, a remaining validity time associated with the first maximum transmit power, a remaining time for a high-power duty cycle, or an artificial intelligence and / or machine learning model associated with the example apparatus; wherein the first power headroom may be determined to be substantially stable based, at least partially, on at least one of the following: the first power headroom and a second power headroom being within a second predefined range, a second threshold time period during which the first power headroom is estimated to be valid, a second threshold above which a stability of the first power headroom is estimated to be probable, the at least one upcoming event, a periodicity associated with the power headroom, a path loss estimate value, the speed of movement, the heating or cooling rate associated with at least part of the example apparatus, the remaining validity time associated with the first power headroom, the remaining time for a high-power duty cycle, or the artificial intelligence and / or machine learning model associated with the example apparatus. The first maximum transmit power may be associated with a first time period that is earlier than a second time period associated with the second maximum transmit power, wherein the first power headroom may be associated with a third time period that is earlier than a fourth time period associated with the second power headroom. The example apparatus may be further configured to: transmit, to the base station, at least one further power headroom report, wherein the at least one further power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication of a remaining validity time associated with the power headroom report. The example apparatus may be further configured to: omittransmission of at least one further power headroom report based, at least partially, on a determination that the power headroom report is valid during a transmission occasion associated with the at least one further power headroom report. The example apparatus may be further configured to: transmit, via lower layer signaling, an indication that transmission of the at least one further power headroom report will be omitted. Omitting transmission of the at least one further power headroom report may be determined based, at least partially, on at least one of the following: a stability period associated with a previously transmitted maximum transmit power has not changed, a stability period associated with a previously transmitted power headroom has not changed, a stability range associated with the previously transmitted maximum transmit power has not changed, a stability range associated with the previously transmitted power headroom has not changed, a currently estimated maximum transmit power has not changed more than a first threshold amount from the previously transmitted maximum transmit power, a currently estimated power headroom has not changed more than a second threshold amount from the previously transmitted power headroom, a transmission power control command, comprising a non-zero value, has been received, or an indication of resource scheduling has been received. The example apparatus may be further configured to: receive at least one of the following: an indication of uplink transmission scheduling, a resource allocation, an indication of a modulation and coding scheme, an indication of an updated periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports, an indication of beam switch, an indication of transmission and / or reception point switch, or an indication of cell switch. The received power headroom report configuration may comprise at least one of the following: a first indication enabling the power headroom report, a second indication of a time period for determining whether a maximum transmit power related value or a power headroom related value is valid during the time period, or a third indication of a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports.

[0176] According to a forty-sixth aspect, there is provided an example method, comprising: receiving, with a user equipment from a base station, a power headroom report configuration associated with maximum transmit power reporting and power headroom reporting; and transmitting, to the base station, a power headroom report based, at least partially, on the received power headroom report configuration, wherein the power headroom report may comprise, at least, at least one first stability parameter with respect to maximum transmit power, and at least one second stability parameter with respect to power headroom. The example method of the forty-sixth aspect may include any single feature or any combination of features from the following: The power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication that the power headroom report is based, at least partially, on the received power headroom report configuration. The at least one first stability parameter and the at least one second stability parameter may be comprised in at least one field of the power headroom report. The at least one field of the power headroom report may comprise at least one of thefollowing: a maximum transmit power field, or a power headroom field. The example method may further comprise: omitting transmission of at least one of the following from the power headroom report: a maximum transmit power value, or a power headroom value. The at least one first stability parameter may comprise at least one of the following: a first indicator indicating that a previously transmitted maximum transmit power is valid, a first stability period during which the previously transmitted maximum transmit power is valid, a stability range, about the previously transmitted maximum transmit power, within which the maximum transmit power is estimated to vary, a second indicator indicating that a power management maximum power reduction value is valid, a third indicator indicating that an additional maximum power reduction value is valid, a fourth indicator indicating that a maximum power reduction value is valid, an offset value over the previously transmitted maximum transmit power, or a first duty cycle; wherein the at least one second stability parameter may comprise at least one of the following: a fifth indicator indicating that a previously transmitted power headroom is valid, a second stability period during which the previously transmitted power headroom is valid, a second stability range, about the previously transmitted power headroom, within which the power headroom is estimated to vary, a sixth indicator indicating that a path loss value is valid, an offset value over the previously transmitted power headroom, or a second duty cycle. At least one of the first stability period or the second stability period may comprise an indication of one of: a time period, a number of frames, a number of sub-frames, or a number of reporting occasions. The example method may further comprise: determining whether a first maximum power reduction is substantially stable; and determining whether a first power headroom is substantially stable, wherein the power headroom report may be transmitted in response to a determination that the first maximum power reduction is substantially stable and a determination that the first power headroom is substantially stable. The example method may further comprise: transmitting, to the base station, another power headroom report comprising, at least, the first maximum power reduction and the first power headroom. The first maximum transmit power may be determined to be substantially stable based, at least partially, on at least one of the following: the first maximum transmit power and a second maximum transmit power being within a first predefined range, a first threshold time period during which the first maximum transmit power is estimated to be valid, a first threshold above which a stability of the first maximum transmit power is estimated to be probable, at least one upcoming event, a periodicity associated with the maximum transmit power, a power management maximum power reduction value, an additional maximum power reduction value, a maximum power reduction value, a speed of movement, a heating or cooling rate associated with at least part of the user equipment, a remaining validity time associated with the first maximum transmit power, a remaining time for a high-power duty cycle, or an artificial intelligence and / or machine learning model associated with the user equipment; wherein the first power headroom may be determined to be substantially stable based, at least partially, on at least one of the following: the first powerheadroom and a second power headroom being within a second predefined range, a second threshold time period during which the first power headroom is estimated to be valid, a second threshold above which a stability of the first power headroom is estimated to be probable, the at least one upcoming event, a periodicity associated with the power headroom, a path loss estimate value, the speed of movement, the heating or cooling rate associated with at least part of the user equipment, the remaining validity time associated with the first power headroom, the remaining time for a high-power duty cycle, or the artificial intelligence and / or machine learning model associated with the user equipment. The first maximum transmit power may be associated with a first time period that is earlier than a second time period associated with the second maximum transmit power, wherein the first power headroom may be associated with a third time period that is earlier than a fourth time period associated with the second power headroom. The example method may further comprise: transmitting, to the base station, at least one further power headroom report, wherein the at least one further power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication of a remaining validity time associated with the power headroom report. The example method may further comprise: omitting transmission of at least one further power headroom report based, at least partially, on a determination that the power headroom report is valid during a transmission occasion associated with the at least one further power headroom report. The example method may further comprise: transmitting, via lower layer signaling, an indication that transmission of the at least one further power headroom report will be omitted. Omitting transmission of the at least one further power headroom report may be determined based, at least partially, on at least one of the following: a stability period associated with a previously transmitted maximum transmit power has not changed, a stability period associated with a previously transmitted power headroom has not changed, a stability range associated with the previously transmitted maximum transmit power has not changed, a stability range associated with the previously transmitted power headroom has not changed, a currently estimated maximum transmit power has not changed more than a first threshold amount from the previously transmitted maximum transmit power, a currently estimated power headroom has not changed more than a second threshold amount from the previously transmitted power headroom, a transmission power control command, comprising a non-zero value, has been received, or an indication of resource scheduling has been received. The example method may further comprise: receiving at least one of the following: an indication of uplink transmission scheduling, a resource allocation, an indication of a modulation and coding scheme, an indication of an updated periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports, an indication of beam switch, an indication of transmission and / or reception point switch, or an indication of cell switch. The received power headroom report configuration may comprise at least one of the following: a first indication enabling the power headroom report, a second indication of a time period for determining whethera maximum transmit power related value or a power headroom related value is valid during the time period, or a third indication of a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports.

[0177] According to a forty-seventh aspect, there is provided an example apparatus comprising: circuitry configured to perform the example method according to the forty-sixth aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the forty-sixth aspect.

[0178] According to a forty-eighth aspect, there is provided an example apparatus comprising: processing circuitry; memory circuitry including computer program code, the memory circuitry and the computer program code configured to, with the processing circuitry, enable the apparatus to perform the example method according to the forty-sixth aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the forty-sixth aspect.

[0179] According to a forty-ninth aspect, there is provided an example apparatus comprising means for performing, or comprising means to cause the apparatus to perform, the example method according to the forty-sixth aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the forty-sixth aspect.

[0180] According to a fiftieth aspect, there is provided an example computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon which, when executed with at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the example method according to the forty-sixth aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the forty-sixth aspect.

[0181] According to a fifty-first aspect, there is provided an example computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing the example method according to the fortysixth aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the forty-sixth aspect.

[0182] According to a fifty-second aspect, there is provided an example program storage device readable by a machine may be provided, tangibly embodying instructions executable by the machine for performing operations, the operations comprising: the example method according to the forty-sixth aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the forty-sixth aspect.

[0183] According to a fifty-third aspect, there is provided an example computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the example method according to the forty-sixth aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the forty-sixth aspect.

[0184] According to a fifty-fourth aspect, there is provided an example computer implemented system comprising: at least one processor and at least one (non-transitory) memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system at least to perform the example method according to the forty-sixth aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the forty-sixth aspect.

[0185] According to a fifty-fifth aspect, there is provided an example computer implemented system comprising: means for performing the example method according to the forty-sixth aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the forty-sixth aspect.

[0186] According to a fifty-sixth aspect, there is provided an example apparatus, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to at least one user equipment, a power headroom report configuration associated with maximum transmit power reporting and power headroom reporting; and receive, from the at least one user equipment, a power headroom report, wherein the power headroom report may comprise, at least, at least one first stability parameter with respect to maximum transmit power, and at least one second stability parameter with respect to power headroom. The example apparatus of the fiftysixth aspect may include any single feature or any combination of features from the following: The power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication that the power headroom report is based, at least partially, on the transmitted power headroom report configuration. The at least one first stability parameter and the at least one second stability parameter may be comprised in at least one field of the second power headroom report. The at least one field of the power headroom report may comprise at least one of the following: a maximum transmit power field, or a power headroom field. At least one of a maximum transmit power value or a power headroom value may be omitted from the power headroom report. The at least one first stability parameter may comprise at least one of the following: a first indicator indicating that a previously received maximum transmit power is valid, a first stability period during which the previously transmitted maximum transmit power is valid, a first stability range, about the previously transmitted maximum transmit power, within which the maximum transmit power is estimated to vary, a second indicator indicating that a power management maximum power reduction value is valid, a third indicator indicating that an additional maximum power reduction value is valid, a fourth indicator indicating that a maximum power reduction value is valid, an offset value over the previously received maximum transmit power, or a first duty cycle; wherein the at least one second stability parameter may comprise at least one of: a fifth indicator indicating that a previously received power headroom is valid, a second stability period during which the previously received power headroom is valid, a second stability range, about the previously received power headroom, withinwhich the power headroom is estimated to vary, a sixth indicating that a path loss estimate value is valid, an offset value over the previously received power headroom, or a second duty cycle. At least one of the first stability period or the second stability period may comprise an indication of one of: a time period, a number of frames, a number of sub-frames, or a number of reporting occasions. The example apparatus may be further configured to: receive, from the at least one user equipment, another power headroom report comprising, at least, a first maximum transmit power and a first power headroom, wherein the at least one first stability parameter may comprise at least one stability parameter with respect to the first maximum transmit power, wherein the at least one second stability parameter may comprise at least one stability parameter with respect to the first power headroom. The example apparatus may be further configured to: receive, from the at least one user equipment, at least one further power headroom report, wherein the at least one further power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication of a remaining validity time associated with the power headroom report. The example apparatus may be further configured to: receive, via lower layer signaling, an indication that transmission of at least one further power headroom report will be omitted. The example apparatus may be further configured to: determine based, at least partially, on the second power headroom report, that at least one further power headroom report will be omitted. The example apparatus may be further configured to: determine based, at least partially, on at least one of the at least one first stability parameter, or the at least one second stability parameter, to at least one of: modify uplink transmission scheduling for the at least one user equipment; modify resource allocation for the at least one user equipment; modify a modulation and coding scheme for the at least one user equipment; modify a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports for the at least one user equipment; cause beam switch for the at least one user equipment; cause transmission and / or reception point switch for the at least one user equipment; or cause cell switch for the at least one user equipment. The transmitted power headroom report configuration may comprise at least one of the following: a first indication enabling the power headroom report, a second indication of a time period for determining whether a maximum transmit power related value or a power headroom related value is valid during the time period, or a third indication of a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports.

[0187] According to a fifty-seventh aspect, there is provided an example method, comprising: transmitting, with a base station to at least one user equipment, a power headroom report configuration associated with maximum transmit power reporting and power headroom reporting; and receiving, from the at least one user equipment, a power headroom report, wherein the power headroom report may comprise, at least, at least one first stability parameter with respect to maximum transmit power, and at least one second stability parameter with respect to power headroom. The example method of the fifty-seventh aspect mayinclude any single feature or any combination of features from the following: The power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication that the power headroom report is based, at least partially, on the transmitted power headroom report configuration. The at least one first stability parameter and the at least one second stability parameter may be comprised in at least one field of the second power headroom report. The at least one field of the power headroom report may comprise at least one of the following: a maximum transmit power field, or a power headroom field. At least one of a maximum transmit power value or a power headroom value may be omitted from the power headroom report. The at least one first stability parameter may comprise at least one of the following: a first indicator indicating that a previously received maximum transmit power is valid, a first stability period during which the previously transmitted maximum transmit power is valid, a first stability range, about the previously transmitted maximum transmit power, within which the maximum transmit power is estimated to vary, a second indicator indicating that a power management maximum power reduction value is valid, a third indicator indicating that an additional maximum power reduction value is valid, a fourth indicator indicating that a maximum power reduction value is valid, an offset value over the previously received maximum transmit power, or a first duty cycle; wherein the at least one second stability parameter may comprise at least one of: a fifth indicator indicating that a previously received power headroom is valid, a second stability period during which the previously received power headroom is valid, a second stability range, about the previously received power headroom, within which the power headroom is estimated to vary, a sixth indicating that a path loss estimate value is valid, an offset value over the previously received power headroom, or a second duty cycle. At least one of the first stability period or the second stability period may comprise an indication of one of: a time period, a number of frames, a number of sub-frames, or a number of reporting occasions. The example method may further comprise: receiving, from the at least one user equipment, another power headroom report comprising, at least, a first maximum transmit power and a first power headroom, wherein the at least one first stability parameter may comprise at least one stability parameter with respect to the first maximum transmit power, wherein the at least one second stability parameter my comprise at least one stability parameter with respect to the first power headroom. The example method may further comprise: receiving, from the at least one user equipment, at least one further power headroom report, wherein the at least one further power headroom report may comprise, at least, an indication of a remaining validity time associated with the power headroom report. The example method may further comprise: receiving, via lower layer signaling, an indication that transmission of at least one further power headroom report will be omitted. The example method may further comprise: determining based, at least partially, on the second power headroom report, that at least one further power headroom report will be omitted. The example method may further comprise: determining based, at least partially, on at least one of the at least one first stability parameter, or the at least one second stabilityparameter, to at least one of: modify uplink transmission scheduling for the at least one user equipment; modify resource allocation for the at least one user equipment; modify a modulation and coding scheme for the at least one user equipment; modify a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports for the at least one user equipment; cause beam switch for the at least one user equipment; cause transmission and / or reception point switch for the at least one user equipment; or cause cell switch for the at least one user equipment. The transmitted power headroom report configuration may comprise at least one of the following: a first indication enabling the power headroom report, a second indication of a time period for determining whether a maximum transmit power related value or a power headroom related value is valid during the time period, or a third indication of a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports.

[0188] According to a fifty-eighth aspect, there is provided an example apparatus comprising: circuitry configured to perform the example method according to the fifty-seventh aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the fifty-seventh aspect.

[0189] According to a fifty-ninth aspect, there is provided an example apparatus comprising: processing circuitry; memory circuitry including computer program code, the memory circuitry and the computer program code configured to, with the processing circuitry, enable the apparatus to perform the example method according to the fifty-seventh aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the fifty-seventh aspect.

[0190] According to a sixtieth aspect, there is provided an example apparatus comprising means for performing, or comprising means to cause the apparatus to perform, the example method according to the fifty-seventh aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the fifty-seventh aspect.

[0191] According to a sixty-first aspect, there is provided an example computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon which, when executed with at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the example method according to the fifty-seventh aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the fifty-seventh aspect.

[0192] According to a sixty-second aspect, there is provided an example computer-readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing the example method according to the fiftyseventh aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the fifty-seventh aspect.

[0193] According to a sixty-third aspect, there is provided an example program storage device readable by a machine may be provided, tangibly embodying instructions executable by the machine forperforming operations, the operations comprising: the example method according to the fifty-seventh aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the fifty-seventh aspect.

[0194] According to a sixty-fourth aspect, there is provided an example computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the example method according to the fifty-seventh aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the fifty-seventh aspect.

[0195] According to a sixty-fifth aspect, there is provided an example computer implemented system comprising: at least one processor and at least one (non-transitory) memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system at least to perform the example method according to the fifty-seventh aspect or to perform any of the features or any combination of the features of the fiftyseventh aspect.

[0196] According to a sixty-sixth aspect, there is provided an example computer implemented system comprising: means for performing the example method according to the fifty-seventh aspect or any of the features or any combination of the features of the fifty-seventh aspect.

[0197] The term "non-transitory,” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e. tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM).

[0198] It should be understood that the foregoing description is only illustrative. Various alternatives and modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art. For example, features recited in the various dependent claims could be combined with each other in any suitable combination(s). In addition, features from different embodiments described above could be selectively combined into a new embodiment. Accordingly, the description is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modification and variances which fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: receive, from a base station, a power headroom report configuration associated with power headroom reporting; and transmit, to the base station, a power headroom report based, at least partially, on the received power headroom report configuration, wherein the power headroom report comprises, at least, at least one stability parameter with respect to power headroom.

2. The apparatus claim 1 , wherein the power headroom report comprises, at least, an indication that the power headroom report is based, at least partially, on the received power headroom report configuration.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one stability parameter is comprised in at least one field of the power headroom report.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least one field of the power headroom report comprises at least one of the following: a maximum transmit power field, or a power headroom field.

5. The apparatus of any of claims 1 through 4, wherein the instructions, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: omit transmission of at least one of the following from the power headroom report: a maximum transmit power value, or a power headroom value.

6. The apparatus of any of claims 1 through 5, wherein the at least one stability parameter comprises at least one of the following: a first indicator indicating that a previously transmitted power headroom is valid, a stability period during which the previously transmitted power headroom is valid, a stability range, about the previously transmitted power headroom, within which the power headroom is estimated to vary, a second indicator indicating that a path loss value is valid, an offset value over the previously transmitted power headroom, or a duty cycle.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the stability period comprises an indication of one of: a time period, a number of frames, a number of sub-frames, or a number of reporting occasions.

8. The apparatus of any of claims 1 through 7, wherein the instructions, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: determine whether a first power headroom is substantially stable, wherein the power headroom report is transmitted in response to a determination that the first power headroom is substantially stable.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: transmit, to the base station, another power headroom report comprising, at least, the first power headroom.

10. The apparatus of claim 8 or 9, wherein the first power headroom is determined to be substantially stable based, at least partially, on at least one of the following: the first power headroom and a second power headroom being within a predefined range, a threshold time period during which the first power headroom is estimated to be valid, a threshold above which a stability of the first power headroom is estimated to be probable, at least one upcoming event, a periodicity associated with the power headroom, a path loss estimate value, a speed of movement, a heating or cooling rate associated with at least part of the apparatus, a remaining validity time associated with the first power headroom, a remaining time for a high-power duty cycle, or an artificial intelligence and / or machine learning model associated with the apparatus.11 . The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first power headroom is associated with a first time period that is earlier than a second time period associated with the second power headroom.

12. The apparatus of any of claims 1 through 11 , wherein the instructions, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: transmit, to the base station, at least one further power headroom report, wherein the at least one further power headroom report comprises, at least, an indication of a remaining validity time associated with the power headroom report.

13. The apparatus of any of claims 1 through 11 , wherein the instructions, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to:omit transmission of at least one further power headroom report based, at least partially, on a determination that the power headroom report is valid during a transmission occasion associated with the at least one further power headroom report.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the instructions, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: transmit, via lower layer signaling, an indication that transmission of the at least one further power headroom report will be omitted.

15. The apparatus of claim 13 or 14, wherein omitting transmission of the at least one further power headroom report is determined based, at least partially, on at least one of the following: a stability period associated with a previously transmitted power headroom has not changed, a stability range associated with the previously transmitted power headroom has not changed, a currently estimated power headroom has not changed more than a first threshold amount from the previously transmitted power headroom, a transmission power control command, comprising a non-zero value, has been received, or an indication of resource scheduling has been received.

16. The apparatus of any of claims 1 through 15, wherein the instructions, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: receive at least one of the following: an indication of uplink transmission scheduling, a resource allocation, an indication of a modulation and coding scheme, an indication of an updated periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports,an indication of beam switch, an indication of transmission and / or reception point switch, or an indication of cell switch.

17. The apparatus of any of claims 1 through 16, wherein the received power headroom report configuration comprises at least one of the following: a first indication enabling the power headroom report, a second indication of a time period for determining whether a power headroom related value is valid during the time period, or a third indication of a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports.

18. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to at least one user equipment, a power headroom report configuration associated with power headroom reporting; and receive, from the at least one user equipment, a power headroom report, wherein the power headroom report comprises, at least, at least one stability parameter with respect to power headroom.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the power headroom report comprises, at least, an indication that the power headroom report is based, at least partially, on the transmitted power headroom report configuration.

20. The apparatus of claim 18 or 19, wherein the at least one stability parameter is comprised in at least one field of the power headroom report.21 . The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the at least one field of the power headroom report comprises at least one of the following:a maximum transmit power field, or a power headroom field.

22. The apparatus of any of claims 18 through 21 , wherein at least one of a maximum transmit power value or a power headroom value is omitted from the power headroom report.

23. The apparatus of any of claims 18 through 22, wherein the at least one stability parameter comprises at least one of the following: a first indicator indicating that a previously received power headroom is valid, a stability period during which the previously received power headroom is valid, a stability range, about the previously received power headroom, within which the power headroom is estimated to vary, a second indicator indicating that a path loss estimate value is valid, an offset value over the previously received power headroom, or a duty cycle.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the stability period comprises an indication of one of: a time period, a number of frames, a number of sub-frames, or a number of reporting occasions.

25. The apparatus of any of claims 18 through 24, wherein the instructions, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: receive, from the at least one user equipment, another power headroom report comprising, at least, a first power headroom, wherein the at least one stability parameter comprises at least one stability parameter with respect to the first power headroom.

26. The apparatus of any of claims 18 through 25, wherein the instructions, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: receive, from the at least one user equipment, at least one further power headroom report, wherein the at least one further power headroom report comprises, at least, an indication of a remaining validity time associated with the power headroom report.

27. The apparatus of any of claims 18 through 25, wherein the instructions, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: receive, via lower layer signaling, an indication that transmission of at least one further power headroom report will be omitted.

28. The apparatus of any of claims 18 through 27, wherein the instructions, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: determine based, at least partially, on the power headroom report, that at least one further power headroom report will be omitted.

29. The apparatus of any of claims 18 through 28, wherein the instructions, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: determine based, at least partially, on the at least one stability parameter, to at least one of: modify uplink transmission scheduling for the at least one user equipment; modify resource allocation for the at least one user equipment; modify a modulation and coding scheme for the at least one user equipment; modify a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports for the at least one user equipment; cause beam switch for the at least one user equipment; cause transmission and / or reception point switch for the at least one user equipment; or cause cell switch for the at least one user equipment.

30. The apparatus of any of claims 18 through 29, wherein the transmitted power headroom report configuration comprises at least one of the following: a first indication enabling the power headroom report, a second indication of a time period for determining whether a power headroom related value is valid during the time period, or a third indication of a periodicity for transmitting power headroom reports.

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