Culture system and method for expanding pancreatic progenitor cells
A feeder-free culture system with a specific precursor cell population and serum-free medium efficiently expands pancreatic progenitor cells, addressing inefficiencies in current methods and enabling large-scale, homogeneous islet cell production.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NUWACELL BIOTECHNOLOGIES CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-18
AI Technical Summary
Current methods for expanding pancreatic progenitor cells are inefficient, leading to low proliferation rates and high production costs, and existing protocols for differentiating pluripotent stem cells into islet cells are time-consuming and variable, hindering large-scale production of clinically applicable islet cells.
A feeder-free culture system using a specific population of precursor cells, comprising PDX1+NKX6.1-cells, and a serum-free expansion medium with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and BET inhibitors, allows for continuous expansion of pancreatic progenitor cells, maintaining high PDX1+NKX6.1 expression and achieving homogeneous cell populations.
The system enables stable and robust production of pancreatic progenitor cells with high expansion folds and maintains cell homogeneity, facilitating large-scale production of islet cells suitable for clinical applications.
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Figure PCTCN2024138641-FTAPPB-I100001 
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Figure PCTCN2024138641-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
CULTURE SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR EXPANDING PANCREATIC PROGENITOR CELLSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to the field of stem cell technology, in particular to a culture system and a method for expanding or producing pancreatic progenitor cells, a method for producing islet cells, and cells derived therefrom.BACKGROUND
[0002] Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease of inadequate control of blood glucose. The main subtypes of DM are Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) . T1DM presents in children or adolescents and is characterized by the absolute destruction of beta cells in the pancreas, typically secondary to an autoimmune process, which lead to the absence or extremely low insulin secretion. T2DM usually presents in older adults who have prolonged hyperglycemia due to poor lifestyle and dietary choices, which usually starts with inefficient use of insulin in peripheral tissues, and eventually ends up with beta cell malfunction in pancreas. Globally, 1 in 11 adults has DM (90%having T2DM) and the incidence has been increasing. Hyperglycemia may cause symptoms of polyuria and polydipsia and chronic hyperglycemia leads to the classic diabetic complications of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy and the preventable outcomes of blindness, dialysis, and amputation, respectively. DM is the eighth leading cause of death and disability combined in the world and it represents a substantial burden to health-care systems.
[0003] Among all the current treatments of DM, exogenous insulin injection is still the mainstay means. However, daily insulin injections cannot replicate the precise insulin secretion dynamics of β cells. Insulin pump with continuous glucose monitoring may provide more precise glucose control, however is burdensome and cannot address the root of the problem. Furthermore, for subgroups of T1DM and T2DM patients, the blood glucose can't be well-controlled by insulin supplements.
[0004] With the development of the islet isolation procedures and immunosuppressant regimen, infusion of islets into the liver via the portal vein was proved to be sufficient to restore glucose homeostasis. The reported insulin independence rates after the transplantation is 50-70%by 5 years, and islet transplantation has been proved to be one of the safest and least invasive transplant procedures.
[0005] Cadaveric islets are the main cell source for current islet transplantations, which provides better survival and higher quality of life for patients with DM, but has difficulty in widespread applications due to donor organ shortages and the requirement for long-term systemic immunosuppression.
[0006] Besides directly using cadaveric islets, donor-derived pancreatic progenitors can be expanded in vitro to obtain islet organoids for transplantation. However, the organoids expanded slowly with a duration of 5-30 days for each passage, indicating either low proliferation potential or inadequate culture conditions. Furthermore, the culture of islet organoids involved the use of Matrigel and expensive medium, which would lead to tedious passaging work and high cost in large-scale production. Further technical improvements are needed to enable the large-scale production of GMP-grade islet organoids.
[0007] Pluripotent stem cell (PSC) -derived islets can provide an alternative source of transplantable islets. PSC-derived islets can provide unlimited supply of islets for treating large number of patients and can be better quality controlled to allow for more predictable transplant outcomes. Further, PSC-derived islets can be genetically engineered to have advantageous features such as hypo-immunity or stress resistance. In the Phase 1 / 2 clinical trial of VX-880 (fully differentiated SC-islets developed by Vertex Pharmaceuticals) treating TIDM, all patients demonstrated improved glycemic control and three patients achieved insulin independence, representing an incredibly promising therapy.
[0008] Direct differentiation from PSCs into islet cells in vitro involves multiple stages and typically relies on chemicals such as small molecules. Although various direct differentiation protocols have been developed, limitations still exist which hamper their clinical applications due to long differentiation time and large batch to batch variations. However, in clinical applications, a homogeneous and robust population of cells are strongly desired.
[0009] To this end, some in vitro expansion protocols have been developed and used for large-scale production of PSC-derived islet cells. However, these protocols have resulted in low yields of islet cells per PSC due to lack of expansion with fully differentiated islet cells. Based on the limitations of current technologies, there remains a need for improved compositions and methods which allow stable and robust production of the PSC-derived islet cells applicable for clinical applications.SUMMARY
[0010] In place of directly differentiating a specific population of precursor cells of pancreatic progenitor cells into the pancreatic progenitor cells, the present inventors have uniquely used this specific population of precursor cells as starting cells for expansion of pancreatic progenitor cells in a feeder-free expansion system adapted to continuously expand the pancreatic progenitor cells rather than the population of precursor cells. As a result, the present inventors have discovered a unique culture system or composition and method for expanding or producing pancreatic progenitor cells. This disclosure also relates to a method of producing islet or β cells. This disclosure further relates to, among other things, cell populations, cell lines, and / or clonal cells generated using the culture system or composition and methods described herein.
[0011] A first aspect of this disclosure relates to a culture system, comprising: a population of precursor cells capable of differentiation into pancreatic progenitor cells via posterior foregut cells, wherein the population of the precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 100%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells, more than 0%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells, and less than 10%of NKX6.1+ cells; and a feeder-free expansion system adapted to continuously expand the pancreatic progenitor cells.
[0012] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the population of the precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 90%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells, more than 10%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells, and less than 10%ofNKX6.1+ cells.
[0013] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the population of the precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 75%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells, more than 25%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells, and less than 7.5%of NKX6.1+ cells.
[0014] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the expansion system comprises a culture substrate coated with a coating matrix.
[0015] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the coating matrix is selected from vitronectin (VTN) or a combination of VTN and a Notch agonist, and preferably a combination of VTN and a Notch agonist.
[0016] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the Notch agonist is selected from Delta-Like 4 (DLL4) , Delta-Like 1 (DLL1) , Jagged-l, Jagged-2, a variant thereof, and a combination thereof.
[0017] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the expansion system comprises a serum-free expansion medium comprising a basal medium, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , and a BET inhibitor.
[0018] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the concentration of the BET inhibitor in the expansion medium is from about 0.1 to about 20 μM, and the concentration of the FGF in the expansion medium is from about 1 to about 100 ng / mL.
[0019] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the BET inhibitor is selected from JQ1, BET bromodomain inhibitor 1, AZD5153, I-BET151, I-BET151 dihydrochloride, BET-IN-l, BET-IN-10, BET-IN-15, RVX-208, I-BET-762, or a combination thereof.
[0020] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the expansion medium further comprises one or more of a glutamine or a derivative thereof, a TGF-β inhibitor, an epidermal growth factor (EGF) , and a Rock inhibitor.
[0021] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the concentration of the EGF in the expansion medium is from about 1 to about 100 ng / mL.
[0022] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the concentration of the TGF-βinhibitor in the expansion medium is from about 0.1 to about 50 μM.
[0023] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the TGF-β inhibitor is selected from RepSox (2- [5- (6-methylpyridin-2-yl) -1H-pyrazol-4-yl] -1, 5-naphthyridine) , SB431542, SB505124, LY36494, SJN-2511, A83-01, D4476, GW788388, LY364947, LY580276, SB525334, SD208, GW6604, and a combination thereof.
[0024] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the concentration of the glutamine or a derivative thereof in the expansion medium is from about 0.5 to about 10 mM.
[0025] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the concentration of the Rock inhibitor in the expansion medium is from about 1 to about 50 μM.
[0026] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the ROCK inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of Y-27632, Blebbistatin, HA-100, H-1152, HA-1077, and a combination thereof.
[0027] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the expansion medium is a serum-free, and xeno-free culture medium.
[0028] A second aspect of this disclosure provides a method of expanding or producing pancreatic progenitor cells, comprising the steps of: providing a population of precursor cells capable of differentiation into pancreatic progenitor cells via posterior foregut cells, wherein the population of the precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 100%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells, more than 0%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells, and less than 10%of NKX6.1+ cells; and culturing the population of the precursor cells in a feeder-free expansion system adapted to continuously expand the pancreatic progenitor cells, thereby obtaining a substantially homogeneous population of the pancreatic progenitor cells.
[0029] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the population of the precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 90%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells, more than 10%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells, and less than 10%of NKX6.1+ cells.
[0030] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the population of the precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 75%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells, more than 25%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells, and less than 7.5%of NKX6.1+ cells.
[0031] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the expansion system comprises a culture substrate coated with a coating matrix.
[0032] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the coating matrix is selected from vitronectin (VTN) or a combination of VTN and a Notch agonist and preferably a combination of VTN and a Notch agonist.
[0033] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the Notch agonist is selected from Delta-Like 4 (DLL4) , Delta-Like 1 (DLL1) , Jagged-l, Jagged-2, a variant thereof, and a combination thereof.
[0034] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the expansion system comprises a serum-free expansion medium comprising a basal medium, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , and a BET inhibitor.
[0035] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the concentration of the BET inhibitor in the expansion medium is from about 0.1 to about 20 μM, and the concentration of the FGF in the expansion medium is from about 1 to about 100 ng / mL.
[0036] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the BET inhibitor is selected from JQ1, BET bromodomain inhibitor 1, AZD5153, I-BET151, I-BET151 dihydrochloride, BET-IN-l, BET-IN-10, BET-IN-15, RVX-208, I-BET-762, or a combination thereof.
[0037] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the expansion medium further comprises one or more of a glutamine or a derivative thereof, a TGF-β inhibitor, an epidermal growth factor (EGF) , and a Rock inhibitor.
[0038] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the concentration of the EGF in the expansion medium is from about 1 to about 100 ng / mL.
[0039] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the concentration of the TGF-βinhibitor in the expansion medium is from about 0.1 to about 50 μM.
[0040] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the TGF-β inhibitor is selected from RepSox (2- [5- (6-methylpyridin-2-yl) -1H-pyrazol-4-yl] -1, 5-naphthyridine) , SB431542, SB505124, LY36494, SJN-2511, A83-01, D4476, GW788388, LY364947, LY580276, SB525334, SD208, GW6604, and a combination thereof.
[0041] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the concentration of the glutamine or a derivative thereof in the expansion medium is from about 0.5 to about 10 mM.
[0042] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the concentration of the Rock inhibitor in the expansion medium is from about 1 to about 50 μM.
[0043] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the ROCK inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of Y-27632, Blebbistatin, HA-100, H-1152, HA-1077, and a combination thereof.
[0044] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the expansion medium is a serum-free, and xeno-free culture medium.
[0045] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the step of culturing the population of the precursor cells in the feeder-free expansion system comprises continuously expanding the cells for multiple passages such as at least 8 passages with the double positive expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in the expanded cells substantially maintained.
[0046] In some embodiments of the second aspect, at least about 80%and preferably at least about 90%of cells in the population of pancreatic progenitor cells are PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells.
[0047] In some embodiments of the second aspect, at least about 80%, preferably at least about 90%and more preferably at least about 95%of cells in the population of pancreatic progenitor cells are NKX6.1+ cells.
[0048] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the expansion fold of the cells during continuous expansion is from 4 to 18 for each passage.
[0049] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the population of the precursor cells are derived from pluripotent stem cells.
[0050] A third aspect of this disclosure provides a method of producing islet cells or βcells, comprising the steps of: providing pancreatic progenitor cells by using the method disclosed herein; and differentiating the pancreatic progenitor cells into the islet cells or β cells.
[0051] A fourth aspect of this disclosure provides a substantially homogeneous population of pancreatic progenitor cells produced by the method disclosed herein.
[0052] Various objects and advantages of the cells, systems, compositions and methods as provided herein will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein are set forth, by way of illustration and example, certain embodiments of the present disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0053] FIG. lA is a schematic representation of the process of differentiating hiPSCs into pancreatic progenitors.
[0054] FIG. 1B shows the expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in cells differentiated on Day 3 of Stage 4 (S4d3 cells) in the process of differentiating hiPSCs into pancreatic progenitors according to the protocol of Example 1.
[0055] FIG. 2 shows the morphology and the expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 for P1 (Passage 1) cells obtained by using the S4d3 cells as starting cells for expansion according to the protocol of Comparative Example 1.
[0056] FIG. 3 shows the morphology and the expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 for P1 cells obtained by using the S4d3 cells as starting cells for expansion according to the protocol of Comparative Example 2.
[0057] FIG. 4A shows the expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in cells differentiated from Day 2 of Stage 3 (S3d2) to S4d3 in the process of differentiating hiPSCs into pancreatic progenitors according to the protocol of Example 2.
[0058] FIG. 4B shows the morphology of expanded cells obtained by using the cells from S3d2 to S4d3 as starting cells for expansion according to the protocol of Example 2.
[0059] FIG. 4C shows the expansion folds of P1 and P2 cells obtained by using the cells from S3d2 to S4d3 as starting cells for expansion according to the protocol of Example 2.
[0060] FIG. 4D shows the percentages of PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells in P1 and P2 cells obtained by using the cells from S3d2 to S4d3 as starting cells for expansion according to the protocol of Example 2.
[0061] FIG. 5A shows the morphologies of expanded cells from P1 to P8 obtained by using the S3d3 as starting cells for expansion according to the protocol of Example 3.
[0062] FIG. 5B shows the cumulative population doublings (CPD) of expanded cells from P1 to P8 obtained by using the S3d3 as starting cells for expansion according to the protocol of Example 3.
[0063] FIG. 5C shows the percentages of PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells and NKX6.1+ cells in expanded cells from P1 to P8 obtained by using the S3d3 as starting cells for expansion according to the protocol of Example 3.
[0064] FIG. 6A shows the morphologies of expanded cells obtained by using the cells from S3d2 to S4d3 as starting cells for expansion according to the protocol of Comparative Example 3.
[0065] FIG. 6B shows the expansion folds of P1 and P2 cells obtained by using the cells from S3d2 to S4d3 as starting cells for expansion according to the protocol of Comparative Example 3.
[0066] FIG. 6C shows the percentages of PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells in P1 and P2 cells obtained by using the cells from S3d2 to S4d3 as starting cells for expansion according to the protocol of Comparative Example 3.
[0067] FIG. 6D shows the expansion folds of expanded cells from P1 to P7 obtained by using the S4d3 cells as starting cells for expansion according to the protocol of Comparative Example 3.
[0068] FIG. 6E shows the percentages of PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells and NKX6.1+ cells in expanded cells from P1 to P7 obtained by using the S4d3 cells as starting cells for expansion according to the protocol of Comparative Example 3.
[0069] FIG. 7A shows the expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 for starting cells collected in the process of differentiating hiPSCs into pancreatic progenitors according to the protocol of Example 4.
[0070] FIG. 7B shows the cumulative population doublings of expanded cells from P1 to P4 obtained by using the collected starting cells for expansion according to the protocol of Example 4.
[0071] FIG. 7C shows the expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 for P1 and P4 cells obtained by using the collected starting cells for expansion according to the protocol of Example 4.
[0072] FIG. 8A shows the expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 for starting cells collected in the process of differentiating hiPSCs into pancreatic progenitors according to the protocol of Example 5.
[0073] FIG. 8B shows the cumulative population doublings of expanded cells from P1 to P7 obtained by using the collected starting cells for expansion according to the protocol of Example 5.
[0074] FIG. 8C shows the percentages of PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells and NKX6.1+ cells in expanded cells from P1 to P7 obtained by using the collected starting cells for expansion according to the protocol of Example 5.
[0075] FIG. 9A shows the cumulative population doublings of expanded cells of P4 to P7 obtained according to the protocol of Example 6.
[0076] FIG. 9B shows the percentages of PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells and NKX6.1+ cells in expanded cells from P4 to P7 obtained according to the protocol of Example 6.
[0077] FIG. 10A shows the expression of CHGA and NKX6.1 in endocrine cells derived from expanded pancreatic progenitor cells of P5, P6 and P7 according to the protocol of Example 9.
[0078] FIG. 10B shows the expression of NKX6.1, CHGA, C-peptide, and Islet-1 in islet cells derived from expanded pancreatic progenitor cells of P5 according to the protocol of Example 9.
[0079] FIG. 11 shows the results of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) of islet cells derived from expanded pancreatic progenitor cells of P5 according to the protocol of Example 10.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0080] It is to be appreciated that some aspects, modes, embodiments, variations and features of the present disclosure are described below in various levels of detail in order to provide a substantial understanding of the present technology.
[0081] Reference throughout this specification to “first, ” “second, ” “third, ” “fourth, ” “fifth, ” “sixth, ” “seventh, ” “eighth, ” or “ninth” or the like does not mean the order or sequence of the feature, structure (e.g., cell population, or pharmaceutic composition) or characteristic described in connection with the reference and can be used only for the purpose of distinction.
[0082] Reference throughout this specification to “a first aspect, ” “a second aspect, ” “a third aspect, ” “a fourth aspect, ” “a fifth aspect, ” “a sixth aspect, ” “a seventh aspect, ” “an eighth aspect, ” or “a ninth aspect” or the like means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the aspect is included in at least one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Also, the particular feature (s) , structure (s) , characteristic (s) or embodiment (s) in one aspect may be combined with those in one or more other aspects in any suitable manner.
[0083] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” “a preferred embodiment (s) , ” or “certain embodiments” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment (s) is included in at least one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Also, the particular feature (s) , structure (s) , or characteristic (s) in one embodiment may be combined with those in one or more other embodiments in any suitable manner.
[0084] It is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to particular uses, methods, cells, reagents, compounds, compositions or biological systems, which can, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. Definitions
[0085] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the meaning commonly understood by a person skilled in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The following references provide one of skill with a general definition of many of the terms used in the present disclosure. Singleton et al., Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology (2nd ed. 1994) ; The Cambridge Dictionary of Science and Technology (Walker ed., 1988) ; The Glossary of Genetics, 5th Ed., R. Rieger et al. (eds. ), Springer Verlag (1991) ; and Hale & Marham, The Harper Collins Dictionary of Biology (1991) . As used herein, the following terms have the meanings ascribed to them below, unless specified otherwise. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure.
[0086] It is construed that the present disclosure is not limited to particular uses, methods, reagents, compounds, compositions or biological systems, which can, of course, vary. It is also construed that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.
[0087] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the meaning commonly understood by a person skilled in the art to which this disclosure belongs. However, for convenience and completeness, particular terms and their meanings are set forth below and throughout the specification.
[0088] Unless otherwise specified, “a” or “an” means “one or more. ”
[0089] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” , “another embodiment” , “a preferred embodiment (s) ” , “some embodiments” , or “a certain embodiment (s) ” , means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment (s) is included in at least one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Also, the particular feature (s) , structure (s) , or characteristic (s) in one embodiment may be combined with those in one or more other embodiments in any suitable manner.
[0090] As used herein, “about” means plus or minus 10%, or plus or minus 5%, or plus or minus 4%, or plus or minus 3%, or plus or minus 2%, or plus or minus 1%, as well as the specified number.
[0091] As used herein, the term "substantially" or "essentially" refers to a quantity, level, value, number, frequency, percentage, dimension, size, amount, weight or length that is about or at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%or higher compared to a reference quantity, level, value, number, frequency, percentage, dimension, size, amount, weight or length. In some embodiments, the term "essentially the same" or "substantially the same" refers to a range of quantity, level, value, number, frequency, percentage, dimension, size, amount, weight or length that is about the same as a reference quantity, level, value, number, frequency, percentage, dimension, size, amount, weight or length.
[0092] As used herein, the term “comprising” is intended to mean that the compositions and methods include the recited elements, but not excluding others. “Consisting essentially of” when used to define compositions and methods, shall mean excluding other elements of any essential significance to the composition or method. “Consisting of” shall mean excluding more than trace elements of other ingredients for claimed compositions and substantial method steps. Embodiments defined by each of these transition terms are within the scope of this disclosure. Accordingly, it is intended that the methods and compositions can include additional steps and components (comprising) or alternatively including steps and compositions of no significance (consisting essentially of) or alternatively, intending only the stated method steps or compositions (consisting of) . Further, in each instance herein any of the terms “comprising, ” “consisting essentially of, ” and “consisting of' may be replaced with either of the other two terms.
[0093] As used herein, the term “pluripotent stem cell” (PSC) refers to cells that have the capability to self-renew in an undifferentiated state and to differentiate into almost any cell type in the body. Pluripotent stem cells can be pluripotent and give rise during development to all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. Pluripotent stem cells can be of human origin (e.g., human PSC or hPSC) . Pluripotent stems cells can be induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or embryonic stem cells (ESCs) . In some embodiments, the pluripotent stem cells are human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) . ESCs (e.g., hESCs) and iPSCs (e.g., hiPSCs) are known in the art and can be readily obtained using conventional methods, for example, those described in the existing technologies, or commercially available products. PSCs obtained following various types of genetic engineering, such as transgene knock-in can also be used herein.
[0094] As used herein, the term "embryonic stem cells, " or "ESCs" refers to naturally occurring pluripotent stem cells of the inner cell mass of the embryonic blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and give rise during development to all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. They do not contribute to the extraembryonic membranes or the placenta, i.e., are not totipotent. When used in the present disclosure, the embryonic stem cells or ESCs are sourced from commercially established human embryonic stem cell lines or human embryonic stem cells isolated or acquired from early embryos that have developed in vitro for not more than 14 days from fertilization.
[0095] As used herein, the term "induced pluripotent stem cells" or, iPSCs, means that the stem cells are produced from differentiated adult, neonatal or fetal cells that have been induced or changed, i.e., reprogrammed into cells capable of differentiating into tissues of all three germ or dermal layers: mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm. The iPSCs produced do not refer to cells as they are found in nature. Suitable methods for the generation of iPSCs from somatic or multipotent stem cells are well known to those of skill in the art. For example, iPSCs may be reliably generated from somatic cells by conventional reprogramming technologies. For example, a method for reprogramming erythrocyte progenitor cells to generate hiPSCs has been described in detail in CN108373998B, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0096] As used herein, the term “pluripotency” or “pluripotent” refers to the developmental potential of a cell to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers (Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) . Pluripotency can be determined, at least in part, by assessing pluripotency characteristics of the cells. Pluripotency characteristics include, but are not limited to: (i) pluripotent stem cell morphology; (ii) the potential for unlimited self-renewal; (iii) expression of pluripotent stem cell markers including, but not limited to SSEA1 (mouse only) , SSEA3 / 4, SSEA5, TRA1-60 / 81, TRA1-85, TRA2-54, GCTM-2, TG343, TG30, CD9, CD29, CD133 / prominin, CD140a, CD56, CD73, CD90, CD105, OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, CD30 and / or CD50; (iv) ability to differentiate to all three somatic lineages (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm) ; (v) teratoma formation consisting of the three somatic lineages; and (vi) formation of embryoid bodies consisting of cells from the three somatic lineages.
[0097] As used herein, the term “pluripotent stem cell morphology” refers to the classical morphological features of an embryonic stem cell. Normal embryonic stem cell morphology can be characterized as small and round in shape, with a high nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio, the notable presence of nucleoli, and / or typical inter-cell spacing.
[0098] As used herein, the term “reprogramming” refers to a method of increasing the potency of a cell or dedifferentiating a cell to a less differentiated state. For example, a cell that has an increased cell potency can have more developmental plasticity (i.e., can differentiate into more cell types) compared to the same cell in the non-reprogrammed state. That is, a reprogrammed cell is one that is in a less differentiated state than the same cell in a non-reprogrammed state. “Reprogramming” can refer to de-differentiating a somatic cell, or a multipotent stem cell, into a pluripotent stem cell, also referred to as an induced pluripotent stem cell, or iPSC.
[0099] As used herein, the term “differentiation” refers to the process by which an unspecialized ( “uncommitted” ) or less specialized cell acquires the features of a specialized cell such as, for example, a blood cell or an immune cell. In certain embodiments, a differentiated or differentiation-induced cell is one that has taken on a more specialized ( “committed” ) position within the lineage of a cell. For example, a human Pluripotent Stem Cell (hPSCs) can be differentiated into various more differentiated cell types, for example, a pancreatic progenitor cell, an islet cell, a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a lymphocyte, a cardiomyocyte, an immune cell, and other cell types, upon treatment with suitable differentiation factors in the cell culture medium. In certain embodiments, the term “committed” is applied to the process of differentiation to refer to a cell that has proceeded through a differentiation pathway to a point where, under normal circumstances, it would or will continue to differentiate into a specific cell type or subset of cell types, and cannot, under normal circumstances, differentiate into a different cell type (other than a specific cell type or subset of cell types) nor revert to a less differentiated cell type.
[0100] As used herein, the term “embryoid body” or “EB” refers to a three-dimensional cluster that have been shown to mimic embryo development as it gives rise to numerous lineages within its three-dimensional area.
[0101] As used herein, the term “definitive endoderm cells” or “DE cells” refers to cells which bear the characteristics of cells arising from the epiblast during gastrulation and which form the gastrointestinal tract and its derivatives. The definitive endoderm is the germ cell layer which gives rise to cells of the liver, lung, pancreas, thymus, intestine, stomach and thyroid. DE cells can express the marker SOX17. Other markers of DE cells may include, but are not limited to FOXA2, CXCR4, SOX17, GATA4 and GATA6. The two markers SOX17 and CXCR4 are specific for DE and not detected in PSCs. DE cells are not positive for the marker PDX1 (e.g. they are PDX1-negative) . The expression of SOX17 and other markers of DE cells may be assessed by any method known by the skilled person such as immunochemistry, e.g., using an anti-SOX17 antibody, or quantitative RT-PCR.
[0102] As used herein, the term “primitive gut tube cells” or “PGT cells” refers to cells derived from definitive endoderm that can give rise to all endodermal organs, such as liver, lung, pancreas, thymus, intestine, stomach and thyroid. PGT cells form the foregut, the midgut, and the hindgut. PGT cells can express the marker HNF1-β. Other markers of PGT cells may include, but are not limited to HNF3-β, or HNF4-α. PGT cells are not positive for the marker PDX1 (e.g. they are PDX1-negative) . The expression of HNF1-β and other markers of PGT cells may be assessed by any method known by the skilled person such as immunochemistry, e.g., using an anti-HNF1-β antibody.
[0103] As used herein, the term “posterior foregut cells” or “PFG cells” refers to cells which can be derived from the primitive gut tube in the development of the pancreatic lineage. Characteristic markers of PFG cells include PDX 1 and NKX6.1. PFG cells can be also referred to as PDX1+NKX6.1-cells or PDX1-positive, NKX6.1-negative pancreatic progenitor cells (PP1 cells) due to lack of expression of NKX6.1. Additional markers of PFG cells may include one or more of the following markers: HNF6, PROX1, MNX1. The expression ofPDX1, NKX6.1 and other markers of PFG cells may be assessed by any method known by the skilled person such as immunochemistry, e.g., using an anti-PDX1 antibody and an anti-NKX6.1 antibody.
[0104] As used herein, the term “pancreatic progenitor cells” or “PP cells” refers to cells which can be derived from the posterior foregut in the development of the pancreatic lineage. Characteristic markers of PP cells include PDX 1 and NKX6.1. PP cells can be also referred to as PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells or PDX1-positive, NKX6.1-positive pancreatic progenitor cells (PP2 cells) . Additional markers of PP cells may include one or more of the following markers: HNF6, SOX9, FOXA2, PTF1A, and MNX 1. The expression of PDX1, NKX6.1 and other markers of PP cells may be assessed by any method known by the skilled person such as immunochemistry, e.g., using an anti-PDX1 antibody and an anti-NKX6.1 antibody.
[0105] As used herein, the term “endocrine progenitor cells” or “EP cells” refers to cells which can be derived from the pancreatic progenitors in the development of the pancreatic lineage. EP cells can express CHGA. Additional markers of EP cells can include, but not limited to one or more of the following markers: PDX1, NKX6.1, and ISL1. The expression of CHGA and other markers of EP cells may be assessed by any method known by the skilled person such as immunochemistry, e.g., using an anti-CHGA antibody.
[0106] As used herein, the term “pancreatic islet cells” or “islet cells” refers to cells which can be derived from the endocrine progenitors in the development of the pancreatic lineage. Pancreatic islet cells can include different types of cells, including, but not limited to, pancreatic α cells, pancreatic β cells, pancreatic δ cells and F cells. Islet cells can also refer to a group of cells, cell clusters, or the like. Characteristic markers of pancreatic islet cells can include, but not limited to one or more of the following markers: C-peptide, PDX1, NKX6.1, and ISL1. The expression of C-peptide, ISL1 and other markers of pancreatic islet cells may be assessed by any method known by the skilled person such as immunochemistry, e.g., using an anti-C-peptide antibody and anti-Islet-1 antibody.
[0107] As used herein, the term “α cells” , which is also known as A cells, refers to islet cells capable of expressing glucagon (GCG) , but not insulin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide, α cells can be characterized by the expression of GCG. Other markers of α cells can include, but not limited to one or more of the following markers: ARX, and IRX. The expression of GCG and other markers of α cells may be assessed by any method known by the skilled person such as immunochemistry, e.g., using a GCG antibody.
[0108] As used herein, the term “β cells” , which is also known as B cells, refers to islet cells capable of expressing insulin, but not glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. β cells can be characterized by the expression of insulin. Characteristic markers of β cells can include C-peptide. Other markers of β cells can include, but not limited to one or more of the following markers: PDX1, NKX6.1, and ISL1. The expression of insulin and other markers of β cells may be assessed by any method known by the skilled person such as immunochemistry, e.g., using an insulin antibody and C-peptide antibody.
[0109] As used herein, the term “δ cells” , which is also known as D cells, refers to islet cells capable of expressing somatostatin (SST) , but not glucagon, insulin, and pancreatic polypeptide, δ cells can be characterized by the expression of SST. Other markers of δ cells can include, but not limited to one or more of the following markers: HHEX and LEPR. The expression of SST and other markers of δ cells may be assessed by any method known by the skilled person such as immunochemistry, e.g., using a somatostatin antibody.
[0110] As used herein, the term “F cells” refers to islet cells capable of expressing pancreatic polypeptide (PPY) , but not somatostatin, glucagon, and insulin. F cells can be characterized by the expression of PPY. Other markers of F cells can include, but not limited to one or more of the following markers: PAX6, and SLC6A1. The expression of PPY and other markers of F cells may be assessed by any method known by the skilled person such as immunochemistry, e.g., using a pancreatic polypeptide antibody.
[0111] As used herein, a “feeder-free” (FF) refers to an environment such as a culture condition, culture system or culture medium which is essentially free of feeder or stromal cells, and / or which has not been pre-conditioned by the culture of feeder cells.
[0112] As used herein, the terms “feeder cells” or “feeders” refer to cells of one type that are co-cultured with cells of a second type to provide an environment in which the cells of the second type can grow, as the feeder cells provide growth factors and nutrients for the support of the second cell type. The feeder cells are optionally from a different species as the cells they are supporting. For example, certain types of human cells, including stem cells, can be supported by primary cultures of mouse embryonic fibroblasts, or immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The feeder cells may typically be inactivated when being co-cultured with other cells by irradiation or treatment with an anti-mitotic agent such as mitomycin to prevent them from outgrowing the cells they are supporting. Feeder cells may include, for example, endothelial cells, stromal cells (for example, epithelial cells or fibroblasts) , and leukemic cells. Without limiting the foregoing, one specific feeder cell type may be a human feeder, such as a human skin fibroblast. Another feeder cell type may be mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) . In general, various feeder cells can be used in part to maintain pluripotency, direct differentiation towards a certain lineage and promote maturation to a specialized cell type, such as an effector cell.
[0113] As used herein, the term “serum-free” refers to culture environment or condition free of human or animal serum.
[0114] As used herein, the term “xeno-free” refers to culture environment or condition free of any product or ingredient which is derived from non-human animal.
[0115] As used herein, the term “expansion” refers to the process by which cells are proliferated to produce a larger number of cells of substantially same cell type.
[0116] As used herein, the term "prolonged expansion" refers to the continuous expansion of cells where the cells are passaged for multiple passages. In the context of this disclosure, the prolonged expansion can be used interchangeably with the continuous expansion.
[0117] As used herein, the term “passaging” refers to splitting the cells in the culture vessel into 2 or more culture vessels, typically including addition of a dissociation solution. Passaging is typically done when the cells reach a certain confluency in culture.
[0118] In the context of the present application, although the process of culturing the population of precursor cells described herein in the feeder-free expansion system described herein may be also referred to as expansion, it is not intended to mean that this process may exclude the differentiation of cells, for example, the differentiation from the population of the precursor cells into the pancreatic progenitor cells.
[0119] As used herein, the term “culture medium” refers to a culture medium which can support the survival, growth, propagation, expansion and / or differentiation of cells in an in vitro environment. A culture medium may comprise or have a basal medium and one or more supplements.
[0120] As used herein, the term “expansion culture medium” or “expansion medium” refers to a culture medium which can support the expansion of cells in an in vitro environment. An expansion medium typically comprises a basal medium supplemented with one or more components that promote expansion of cells.
[0121] As used herein, the term “basal medium” refers to a basal component of a culture medium (e.g., differentiation culture medium, or expansion culture medium) for cells relative to its supplement (s) . Generally, the basal medium comprises about 95%to 99%by volume of the culture medium (e.g., differentiation culture medium, or expansion culture medium) . A basal medium of a cell expansion medium acts as a source of nutrients, hormones and / or other factors helpful to expand the cells.
[0122] As used herein, the term “classical basal medium” refers to a well established basal medium which have been frequently used to culture a variety of cells in the art of cell culture. Examples of the classical basal medium comprises DMEM / F12 (e.g., Gibco Cat. #C11330500BT) , BME medium (e.g., Gibco Cat. #21010046, or Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #B9638) , IMDM medium (e.g., Gibco Cat. #12440053; or Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #I3390) , Eagle MEM medium (e.g., Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) , developed by Harry Eagle, Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #M2414 / M2279 / M5690) , α-MEM medium (e.g., Gibco Cat. #12561056; or, Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #M0894) , DMEM medium (e.g., Gibco Cat. #21068028) , RPMI 1640 medium (e.g., Gibco Cat. #11875093) , Ham's F12 medium (e.g., Gibco Cat. #11765054) , or a mixture thereof.
[0123] As used herein, the term “supplement (s) ” refers to an additive (s) of a culture medium (e.g. differentiation culture medium, or expansion culture medium) relative to its basal medium.
[0124] As used herein, the term “supplemented” refers to the addition of a supplement for a culture medium (e.g., expansion culture medium) into its basal medium. The supplement may be added into a basal medium of a culture medium before or upon the use of the culture medium.
[0125] As used herein, the term “in vitro” refers generally to activities that take place outside an organism.
[0126] As used herein, the term “in vivo” refers generally to activities that take place inside an organism.
[0127] As used herein, the term “cell population” or “population of cells” refers to a group of at least two cells expressing similar, same or different phenotypes. In non-limiting examples, a cell population can include at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 200, at least about 300, at least about 400, at least about 500, at least about 600, at least about 700, at least about 800, at least about 900, at least about 1000 cells, at least about 10,000 cells, at least about 100,000 cells, at least about 1 × 106 cells, at least about 1 × 107 cells, at least about 1 × 108 cells, at least about 1 × 109 cells, at least about 1 × 1010 cells, at least about 1 × 1011 cells, at least about 1 × 1012 cells, or more cells expressing similar, same or different phenotypes.
[0128] As used herein, the terms “treatment, ” “treat, ” and “treating” refer to a clinical intervention aimed to reverse, alleviate, delay the onset of, or inhibit the progress, ameliorate, reduce severity of, prevent or delay the recurrence of a disease, disorder, and / or condition or one or more symptoms thereof, and / or improve one or more symptoms of a disease, disorder, and / or condition as described herein. Treatment, e.g., in the form of islet or β cells or a population thereof as described herein, may be administered to a subject after one or more symptoms have developed and / or after a disease has been diagnosed. Treatment may be administered in the absence of symptoms, e.g., to prevent or delay onset of a symptom or inhibit onset or progression of a disease. For example, treatment may be administered to a susceptible individual prior to the onset of symptoms (e.g., in light of genetic or other susceptibility factors) . Treatment may also be continued after symptoms have resolved, for example to prevent or delay their recurrence. Treatment can result in improvement and / or resolution of one or more symptoms of a disease, disorder and / or condition.
[0129] As used herein, the terms “prevent, ” “preventing, ” and “prevention” refer to reducing the probability of developing a disease, disorder, or condition in a subject, who does not have, but is at risk of or susceptible to developing a disease, disorder, or condition. Culture System and Method
[0130] It has been uniquely discovered in accordance with this discourse that stable continuous production of homogeneous and robust population of high purity of pancreatic progenitor cells can be achieved by using a specific population of precursor cells as starting cells for expansion in a feeder-free expansion system adapted to continuously expand the pancreatic progenitor cells. During continuous production, the expanded cells derived therefrom can substantially maintain homogeneous morphology, stable robust expansion potential, high expression of PDX 1 and NKX6.1 and high differentiation potential toward endocrine and islet cells even after cyropreservation in contrast to those generated by using other types of starting cells, making them an excellent cell source of the PSC-derived islet cells for clinical islet transplantation. As a result, this disclosure provides a specific culture system and method, which are highly efficient in the expansion and exhibit superior consistency or low batch-to batch variation for a high purity of pancreatic progenitor cells between different passages of expanded cells.
[0131] The culture system disclosed herein comprises a population of precursor cells capable of differentiation into pancreatic progenitor cells via posterior foregut cells, wherein the population of the precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than100%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells, more than 0%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells, and less than 10%of NKX6.1+ cells; and a feeder-free expansion system adapted to continuously expand the pancreatic progenitor cells.
[0132] The culture method disclosed herein comprises: providing a population of precursor cells capable of differentiation into pancreatic progenitor cells via posterior foregut cells, wherein the population of the precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 100%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells, more than 0%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells, and less than 10%of NKX6.1+ cells; and culturing the population of the precursor cells in a feeder-free expansion system adapted to continuously expand the pancreatic progenitor cells, thereby obtaining a substantially homogeneous population of the pancreatic progenitor cells.
[0133] The population of precursor cells described herein has the ability of differentiation into PP cells. This population of precursor cells is a population of precursor cells which transforms from PGT cells to PFG cells during the differentiation towards PP cells. In other words, this population of precursor cells is an intermediate cell population intervening between PGT cells and PFG cells. This population of precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 100%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells, more than 0%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells, and less than 10%of NKX6.1+ cells.
[0134] In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 95%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 90%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 85%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 80%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 75%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 70%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 65%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 60%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 25%and less than 65%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 30%and less than 65%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells.
[0135] In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 5%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 10%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 15%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 25%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 30%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 35%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 40%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 35%and less than 75%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 35%and less than 70%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 35%and less than 65%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 35%and less than 60%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells.
[0136] In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises less than 7.5%of NKX6.1+ cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises less than 5%of NKX6.1+ cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises less than 2.5%of NKX6.1+ cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells does not comprise NKX6.1+ cells.
[0137] In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 90%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells, more than 10%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells, and less than 10%of NKX6.1+ cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 75%of PDX1+NKX6.1-cells, more than 25%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1-cells, and less than 7.5%of NKX6.1+ cells.
[0138] The population of precursor cells described herein can be derived from pluripotent stem cells. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells are derived from ESCs (e.g., hESCs) . When used in the present disclosure, the embryonic stem cells or ESCs are sourced from commercially established human embryonic stem cell lines or human embryonic stem cells isolated or acquired from early embryos that have developed in vitro for not more than 14 days from fertilization. In some embodiments, the population of precursor cells are derived from iPSCs (e.g., hiPSCs) . The population of precursor cells can be acquired during the process of differentiation of pancreatic progenitors or islets from pluripotent stem cells. The expressions of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in the population of precursor cells can be determined by a well known technology such as flow cytometry in the art. As the method for differentiation of pancreatic progenitors or islets from pluripotent stem cells, the existing methods may be used, including the methods as described in Nature protocols, Nathaniel J. Hogrebe et al, Generation of insulin-producing pancreatic βcells from multiple human stem cell lines and Cell, 159, 428-439, October 9, 2014, Felicia W. Pagliuca et al, Generation of Functional Human Pancreatic β Cells In Vitro, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. In the context of this disclosure, various cells derived from pluripotent stem cells may be also referred to as induced cells such as induced pancreatic progenitors or islets, or PSC-derived cells such as PSC-derived pancreatic progenitors or islets.
[0139] The feeder-free expansion system described herein is free of feeder cells and adapted to continuously expand the PP cells. Stable continuous expansion of homogeneous and robust population of consistent pancreatic progenitors can be provided by using the culture system comprising the combination of the specific population of the precursor cells with this feeder-free expansion system. In certain embodiments, the feeder-free expansion system is serum-free. In certain embodiments, the feeder-free expansion system is serum-free and xeno-free. In certain embodiments, the feeder-free expansion system is serum-free, xeno-free and chemically defined.
[0140] In certain embodiments, the expansion fold of each passage of cells during continuous expansion is from 4 to 18. In certain embodiments, the expansion fold of each passage of cells during continuous expansion is from 5 to 10. In certain embodiments, the expansion fold of each passage of cells during continuous expansion is greater than 10 and no more than 18. In certain embodiments, the expansion fold of each passage of cells during continuous expansion is greater than 10 and less than 15. In certain embodiments, the expansion fold of each passage of cells during continuous expansion is from 15 to 18.
[0141] In some embodiments, the feeder-free expansion system comprises a culture substrate coated with a coating matrix.
[0142] In certain embodiments, the culture substrate is in the form of a culture plate, a culture bottle, a culture flask, or a culture vessel. In certain embodiments, the culture plate comprises single or multilayer cell-stacks, 6 wells, 12 wells, 24 wells, 48 wells, 96 wells, 384 wells, 1536 wells or more wells. In certain embodiments, the culture plate comprises flat bottom wells, or round bottom wells.
[0143] A culture substrate may be coated with the coating matrix by conventional technologies in the art. Generally, a culture substrate may be coated with a solution of the coating matrix or matrices. The coating method of the coating matrix or matrices may be easily determined by one skilled in the art. The coating amount of the coating matrix or matrices may be from 0.5 to 5 μg / cm2.
[0144] In some embodiments, the coating matrix is selected from vitronectin (VTN) or a combination of VTN and a Notch agonist, and preferably a combination of VTN and a Notch agonist. As the coating matrix, the combination of VTN and a Notch agonist can further promote the proliferation of PP cells in contrast to other coating matrices such as VTN. In certain embodiments, when using the combination of VTN and a Notch agonist, the expansion fold of the cells during continuous expansion is greater than 10 and less than 15.
[0145] A “Notch agonist” as used herein includes a molecule that stimulates a Notch activity in a cell relative to a level of a Notch activity in the absence of the Notch agonist, for example, increase a Notch activity in the cell by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 50%, at least about 70%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 3-fold, 5-fold, 10-fold, 20-fold, 50-fold, 100-fold, 200-fold, 500-fold, 1000-fold or more. Notch activity can be easily determined by one skilled in the art using existing methods including measuring the transcriptional activity of Notch, by a 4xwtCBF1-luciferase reporter construct.
[0146] In certain embodiments, the Notch agonist is selected from: Delta-Like 4 (DLL4, ) , Delta-Like 1 (DLL1, e.g., MCE (HEK293, His) , #HY-P7841) , Jagged-1 (e.g., MCE Cat. #HY-P1846) , Jagged-2 (e.g., (JAG2) #BES23045RP) , a variant thereof, and a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the Notch agonist comprises DLL4. In certain embodiments, the coating matrix comprise a combination of VTN and DLL4.
[0147] In certain embodiments, any of the specific Notch agonist referenced herein, such as Jagged-1, Jagged-2, Delta-1 and Delta-like 4 may be replaced by a natural, synthetic, or recombinantly produced homologs or fragments thereof that retain at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99%of the respective Notch agonist activity, and / or homologs or fragments thereof that share at least about 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 99%amino acid sequence identity as measured by any art recognized sequence alignment software based on either a global alignment technique (e.g., the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm) or a local alignment technique (e.g., the Smith-Waterman algorithm) .
[0148] In some embodiments, the expansion system comprises an expansion medium adapted to continuously expand the pancreatic progenitor cells. In some embodiments, the expansion medium is supplemented with a BET inhibitor and a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) . In some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a basal medium, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , and a BET inhibitor. In some embodiments, the expansion system comprises a serum-free expansion medium comprising a basal medium, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , and a BET inhibitor. In some embodiments, the expansion system comprises a serum-free and chemically defined expansion medium comprising a basal medium, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , and a BET inhibitor.
[0149] In some embodiments, the expansion medium further comprises one or more of a glutamine or a derivative thereof, a TGF-β inhibitor, an epidermal growth factor (EGF) , and a Rock inhibitor. In some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a basal medium, a BET inhibitor, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and an epidermal growth factor (EGF) . In some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a basal medium, a BET inhibitor, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , and a TGF-β inhibitor. In some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a basal medium, a BET inhibitor, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , and a glutamine or a derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a basal medium, a BET inhibitor, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , a TGF-β inhibitor and an epidermal growth factor (EGF) . In some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a basal medium, a BET inhibitor, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , an epidermal growth factor (EGF) and a glutamine or a derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a basal medium, a BET inhibitor, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , a TGF-β inhibitor, and a glutamine or a derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a basal medium, a BET inhibitor, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , a TGF-β inhibitor, an epidermal growth factor (EGF) and a glutamine or a derivative thereof.
[0150] In some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a BET inhibitor. The BET inhibitor refers to any agent that either directly or indirectly inhibits, blocks, or prevents bromodomain and extra terminal domain protein interactions or inhibits bromodomain function and / or activity. The BET inhibitors described here may inhibit the function and / or activity of any BET proteins, such as but not limited to, BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT, or any targets thereof. In some instances, BET inhibitors may modulate transcriptional processes. In some embodiments, the BET inhibitor is selected from JQ1, BET bromodomain inhibitor 1, I-BET151, I-BET 151 dihydrochloride, AZD5153, BET-IN-1, BET-IN-10, BET-IN-15, RVX-208, I-BET-762, or a combination thereof.
[0151] Representative structures of certain BET inhibitors that may be used in the expansion medium of the present disclosure are provided below, many of which are widely commercially available with indicated Cat. No.
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[0162] In accordance with this disclosure, the concentration of the BET inhibitor is not particularly limited as long as it does not impede the expansion of the PP cells. In some embodiments, the concentration of the BET inhibitor in the expansion medium is in the range from about 0.1 μM to about 20 μM, preferably about 0.1 μM to about 15 μM, more preferably about 0.1 μM to about 10 μM, further preferably about 0.1 μM to about 8 μM, and most preferably about 0.5 μM to about 5 μM. For example, the concentration of the BET inhibitor may be 0.1 μM, 0.5 μM, 1 μM, 2 μM, 4 μM, 6 μM, 8 μM, 10 μM, 12 μM, 14 μM, 16 μM, 18 μM or 20 μM.
[0163] In some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a fibroblast growth factor. Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) are a class of proteins which can stimulate or maintain the functions required for the metabolism, tissue homeostasis and development of cells via signaling axis mediated with fibroblast growth factor receptors. In certain embodiments, the fibroblast growth factor comprises FGF2 (e.g., Nuwacell) , and FGF1 (e.g., MCE Cat. #HY-P7001) . FGF2 is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. The FGF2 used in the culture medium of some embodiments of this disclosure can be a purified, a synthetic or a recombinantly expressed FGF2 protein.
[0164] In accordance with this disclosure, the concentration of the FGF is not particularly limited as long as it does not impede the expansion of the PP cells. In some embodiments, the concentration of the FGF in the expansion medium is in the range from about 1 ng / ml to about 100 ng / ml, preferably about 1 ng / ml to about 80 ng / ml, more preferably about 1 ng / ml to about 50 ng / ml, further preferably about 1 ng / ml to about 30 ng / ml, and most preferably about 1 ng / ml to about 20 ng / ml. For example, the concentration of the FGF may be about 1 ng / ml, about 5 ng / ml, about 10 ng / ml, about 20 ng / ml, about 30 ng / ml, about 40 ng / ml, about 50 ng / ml, about 60 ng / ml, about 70 ng / ml, about 80 ng / ml, about 90 ng / ml, or about 100 ng / ml.
[0165] In some embodiments, the expansion medium further comprises an epidermal growth factor. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) refers to any polypeptide of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of proteins, or variant thereof, that stimulates cell growth and differentiation. Typically EGF exerts its activity by binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Accordingly, any variant of the EGF molecules that maintains their biological activity, for example, C-terminal truncated molecules, or molecules truncated at the N-terminal may be used in line with the present disclosure. The EGF used in the culture medium of some embodiments of this disclosure can be a purified, a synthetic or a recombinantly expressed EGF protein. EGF can be obtained from various commercial sources.
[0166] In accordance with this disclosure, the concentration of the EGF is not particularly limited as long as it does not impede the expansion of the PP cells. In some embodiments, the concentration of the EGF in the expansion medium is in the range from about 1 ng / ml to about 100 ng / ml, preferably about 10 ng / ml to about 100 ng / ml, further preferably about 10 ng / ml to about 80 ng / ml, still further preferably about 20 ng / ml to about 80 ng / ml, and most preferably about 20 ng / ml to about 60 ng / ml. For example, the concentration of the EGF may be about 1 ng / ml, about 5 ng / ml, about 10 ng / ml, about 20 ng / ml, about 30 ng / ml, about 40 ng / ml, about 50 ng / ml, about 60 ng / ml, about 70 ng / ml, about 80 ng / ml, about 90 ng / ml, or about 100 ng / ml.
[0167] In some embodiments, the expansion medium further comprises a TGF-β inhibitor. The TGF-β inhibitor suitable for use herein may be a protein, a peptide, a small-molecule, a small-interfering RNA, an antisense oligonucleotide, an aptamer, an antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof. The inhibitor may be naturally occurring or synthetic. Examples of small-molecule TGF-β inhibitors that can be used in the context of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, RepSox (2- [5- (6-methylpyridin-2-yl) -1H-pyrazol-4-yl] -l, 5-naphthyridine) , SB431542, SB505124, LY36494, SJN-2511, A83-01, D4476, GW788388, LY364947, LY580276, SB525334, SD208, GW6604, and any combination thereof. Preferably, RepSox is used. In certain embodiments, the TGF-β inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of RepSox, A83-01, SB431542, D4476, GW788388, LY364947, SB525334, SB505124, SD208, GW6604, and a combination thereof.
[0168] Representative structures of certain TGF-β inhibitors suitable for use herein are provided below, many of which are widely commercially available with indicated Cat. No.
[0169] RepSox (2- [5- (6-methylpyridin-2-yl) -1H-pyrazol-4-yl] -l, 5-naphthyridine) (Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #R0158; APExBio Cat.#A3754; MCE Cat. #HY-13012; CAS No.: 446859-33-2) .
[0170] A83-01 (Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #SML0788; APExBio Cat. #A3133; MCE Cat. #HY-10432; CAS No.: 909910-43-6) .
[0171] SB431542 (APExBio Cat. #A8249, CAS No.: 301836-41-9) .
[0172] D4476 (Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #D1944; APExBio Cat. #A3342; MCE Cat. #HY-10324; CAS No.: 301836-43-1) .
[0173] GW788388 (APExBio Cat. #A8301; MCE Cat. #HY-10326; CAS No.: 452342-67-5) .
[0174] LY364947 (Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #L6293; APExBio Cat. #B2287; MCE Cat. #HY-31462; CAS No.: 396129-53-6) .
[0175] SB525334 (Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #S8822; APExBio Cat. #A5602; MCE Cat. #HY-12043; CAS No.: 356559-20-1) .
[0176] SB505124 (APExBio Cat. #B2289; MCE Cat. #HY-13521; CAS No.: 694433-59-5) .
[0177] SD208 (Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #S7071; APExBio Cat. #A3808; MCE Cat. #HY-10324; CAS No.: 627536-09-8) .
[0178] GW6604 (absin Cat. #abs814099; CAS No.: 452342-37-9) .
[0179] In accordance with this disclosure, the concentration of the TGF-β inhibitor is not particularly limited as long as it does not impede the expansion of the PP cells. In some embodiments, the concentration of the TGF-β inhibitor in the expansion medium is in the range from about 0.1 μM to about 50μM, preferably about 1 μM to about 50μM, more preferably about 1 μM to about 30μM, further preferably about 2 μM to about 25 μM, and most preferably about 5 μM to about 20 μM. For example, the concentration of the TGF-β inhibitor may be 0.1 μM, 0.5 μM, 1 μM, 2 μM, 4 μM, 6 μM, 8 μM, 10 μM, 15 μM, 20 μM, 25 μM, 30 μM, 35 μM, 40 μM, 45 μM, or 50 μM.
[0180] In certain embodiments, the expansion medium further comprises a glutamine or derivative thereof. In the case of adding a glutamine or derivative thereof into the expansion medium, the expansion fold for the PP cells can be greatly improved. In certain embodiments, when a glutamine or derivative thereof is added, the expansion fold of the cells during continuous expansion is from 15 to 18.
[0181] In certain embodiments, the glutamine or derivative thereof comprises L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide (e.g., GlutaMAXTM brand L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide, Gibco Cat. #35050061) , L-Glutamine (e.g., Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #G2150 / G7513; APExBio Cat. #A8461; MCE Cat. #HY-N0390; CAS No.: 56-85-9) , or a mixture thereof.
[0182] In accordance with this disclosure, the concentration of the glutamine or derivative thereof is not particularly limited as long as it does not impede the expansion of the PP cells. In some embodiments, the concentration of the glutamine or derivative thereof in the expansion medium is in the range from about 0.5 mM to about 10 mM, preferably about 1 mM to about 10 mM, more preferably about 1 mM to about 8 mM and most preferably about 1 mM to about 5 mM. For example, the concentration of the glutamine or derivative thereof may be 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2.0 mM, 3.0 mM, 4.0 mM, 5.0 mM, 6.0 mM, 7.0 mM, 8.0 mM, 9.0 mM, or 10 mM.
[0183] In certain embodiments, the expansion medium further comprises a Rho Kinase (ROCK) inhibitor. ROCK inhibitor is a compound that targets rho kinase (ROCK) and inhibit the ROCK pathway. Use of ROCK inhibitor promotes the adhesion and proliferation of the PP cells.
[0184] In certain embodiments, the ROCK inhibitor is selected from the group consisting off Y-27632, Blebbistatin, HA-100, H-1152, HA-1077, and a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the ROCK inhibitor is Y-27632.
[0185] Representative structures of certain ROCK inhibitors that may be used in the expansion medium of the present disclosure are provided below, many of which are widely commercially available with indicated Cat. No.
[0186] Y-27632 (MCE Cat. #HY-10071, CAS No.: 146986-50-7) .
[0187] Blebbistatin (MCE, #HY-13813, CAS No.: 674289-55-5) .
[0188] HA-100 (hydrochloride) (absin Cat. #abs47045575) .
[0189] H-1152 (MCE Cat. #HY-15720, CAS No.: 451462-58-1) .
[0190] HA-1077 (Fasudil / AT877) (MCE Cat. #HY-10341A, CAS No.: 103745-39-7) .
[0191] In accordance with this disclosure, the concentration of the ROCK inhibitor is not particularly limited as long as it does not impede the expansion of the PP cells. In some embodiments, the concentration of the ROCK inhibitor in the expansion medium is in the range from about 1 μM to about 50 μM, preferably about 2 μM to about 40 μM, more preferably about 2 μM to about 30 μM, and most preferably about 2 μM to about 20 μM. For example, the concentration of the ROCK inhibitor may be about 1 μM, about 2 μM, about 4 μM, about 8 μM, about 10 μM, about 15 μM, about 20 μM, about 25 μM, about 30 μM, about 35 μM, about 40 μM, about 45 μM, or about 50 μM.
[0192] In certain embodiments, the expansion medium further comprises an ascorbic acid (e.g., L-ascorbic acid) , or salts thereof such as magnesium ascorbate or sodium ascorbate.
[0193] In accordance with this disclosure, the concentration of the ascorbic acid or salts thereof is not particularly limited as long as it does not impede the expansion of the PP cells. In some embodiments, the concentration of the ascorbic acid or salts thereof in the expansion medium is in the range from about 10 μg / ml to about 100 μg / ml, more preferably about 20 μg / ml to about 100 μg / ml and most preferably about 30 μg / ml to about 60 μg / ml. For example, the concentration of the ascorbic acid or salts thereof may be about 10 μg / ml, about 20 μg / ml, about 30 μg / ml, about 40 μg / ml, about 50 μg / ml, about 60 tg / ml, about 70 μg / ml, about 80 μg / ml, about 90 μg / ml, or about 100 μg / ml.
[0194] In certain embodiments, the expansion medium further comprises a heparin-based compound. As used herein, “heparin-based compound” refers to heparain, a derivative thereof, or a salt thereof. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the heparin-based compound may be selected from the group consisting of heparin, a derivative thereof, or a salt thereof. Examples of the derivative of heparin include, without limitation, substituted heparin. Examples of the salt of heparin or a derivative thereof include, without limitation, heparin sodium salt and heparin lithium salt, and the salts of substituted heparin.
[0195] in accordance with this disclosure, the concentration of the heparin-based compound is not particularly limited as long as it does not impede the expansion of the PP cells. In some embodiments, the concentration of the heparin-based compound in the expansion medium is in the range from about 0.5 μg / ml to about 20 μg / ml, more preferably about 0.5 μg / ml to about 15 μg / ml, more preferably about 0.5 μg / ml to about 10 μg / ml and most preferably about 1 μg / ml to about 10 μg / ml. For example, the concentration of the heparin-based compound may be about 0.5 μg / ml, about 1 μg / ml, about 2 μg / ml, about 4 μg / ml, about 6 μg / ml, about 8 μg / ml, about 10 μg / ml, about 12 μg / ml, about 14 μg / ml, about 16 μg / ml, about 18 μg / ml, or about 20 μg / ml.
[0196] A basal medium is a basal component for the expansion medium described herein. Generally, the basal medium comprises about 95%to 99%by volume of the expansion medium. The basal medium for the expansion medium may be obtained by adding one or more suitable components into a common basal medium such as classical basal medium known in the art of cell culture. Examples of the classical basal medium comprises DMEM / F 12 (e.g., Gibco Cat. #C 11330500BT) , BME medium (e.g., Gibco Cat. #21010046, or Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #B9638) , IMDM medium (e.g., Gibco Cat. #12440053; or Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #I3390) , Eagle MEM medium (e.g., Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) , developed by Harry Eagle, Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #M2414 / M2279 / M5690) , α-MEM medium (e.g., Gibco Cat. #12561056; or, Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #M0894) , DMEM medium (e.g., Gibco Cat. #21068028) , RPMI 1640 medium (e.g., Gibco Cat. #11875093) , Ham's F12 medium (e.g., Gibco Cat. #11765054) , or a mixture thereof. The above one or more suitable components may comprise B27, mB27 or a combination thereof.
[0197] In certain embodiments, the expansion medium is a serum-free culture medium. In certain embodiments, the expansion medium is a serum-free and chemically defined culture medium. In certain embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a classical basal medium, B27, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , and a BET inhibitor. In some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a classical basal medium, B27, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , an epidermal growth factor (EGF) , and a BET inhibitor. In some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a classical basal medium, B27, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , a TGF-β inhibitor, and a BET inhibitor. In some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a classical basal medium, B27, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , an epidermal growth factor (EGF) , a TGF-β inhibitor, and a BET inhibitor. In some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a classical basal medium, B27, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , an epidermal growth factor (EGF) , a TGF-β inhibitor, a BET inhibitor, and a glutamine or a derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a classical basal medium, B27, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , an epidermal growth factor (EGF) , a TGF-β inhibitor, a BET inhibitor, a glutamine or a derivative thereof and a Rock inhibitor.
[0198] In certain embodiments, the expansion medium is a serum-free and xeno-free culture medium. In certain embodiments, the expansion medium is a serum-free, xeno-free and chemically defined culture medium. In certain embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a classical basal medium, mB27, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , and a BET inhibitor. In some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a classical basal medium, mB27, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , an epidermal growth factor (EGF) , and a BET inhibitor. in some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a classical basal medium, mB27, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , a TGF-β inhibitor, and a BET inhibitor. In some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a classical basal medium, mB27, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , an epidermal growth factor (EGF) , a TGF-β inhibitor, and a BET inhibitor. In some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a classical basal medium, mB27, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , an epidermal growth factor (EGF) , a TGF-β inhibitor, a BET inhibitor, and a glutamine or a derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the expansion medium comprises a classical basal medium, mB27, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , an epidermal growth factor (EGF) , a TGF-β inhibitor, a BET inhibitor, a glutamine or a derivative thereof and a Rock inhibitor.
[0199] B27 supplement is a defined yet complex mixture of antioxidant enzymes, proteins, vitamins, and fatty acids that are combined in optimized ratios to support survival of cells particularly neurons in culture. The original serum-free neuronal culture supplement formula developed by Dr. Gregory Brewer and colleagues is described in Brewer et al., J Neuroscience Res 35: 567-576, 1993 and Brewer and Cotman, Brain Res 494: 65-74, 1989, incorporated herein by reference. B27 is serum-free, but contains animal-sourced ingredients. B27 can be available from Thermo Fisher, for example. mB27 is a serum-free and xeno-free product obtained by modifying B27. mB27 can be available from Shownin.
[0200] According to the present disclosure, the concentration of B27 or mB27 is not particularly limited as long as it does not impede the expansion of the PP cells. In certain embodiments, the concentration of B27 or mB27 is in the range from about 0.1%to about 6%by volume, preferably about 0.5%to about 6%by volume, and preferably about 1%to about 5%by volume. For example, the concentration of B27 or mB27 may be 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, or 6.0%by volume.
[0201] In accordance with this disclosure, the serum-free culture medium or the serum-free and xeno-free culture medium can avoid product quality and safety issues as a result of serum and / or animal-derived ingredients, which is applicable for clinical applications.
[0202] In certain embodiments, culturing the population of the precursor cells in the feeder-free expansion system comprises expanding the cells for one or more passages. In certain embodiments, culturing the population of the precursor cells in the feeder-free expansion system comprises continuously expanding the cells for multiple passages with the double positive expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in the expanded cells substantially maintained. In certain embodiments, culturing the population of the precursor cells in the feeder-free expansion system comprises continuously expanding the cells for at least 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 passages with the double positive expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in the expanded cells substantially maintained. In certain embodiments, the population of the precursor cells are seeded on a culture substrate at a density of about 1 × 104 cells / cm2 to about 5 × 105 cells / cm2.
[0203] This disclosure also provides a method of producing islet cells, comprising providing pancreatic progenitor cells by using the method described herein, and differentiating the pancreatic progenitor cells into the islet cells. In certain embodiments, this disclosure provides a method of producing β cells, comprising providing pancreatic progenitor cells by using the method described herein, and differentiating the pancreatic progenitor cells into the β cells.
[0204] As the technology of differentiating the pancreatic progenitor cells into the islet cells or the β cells, the existing methods for differentiation of pancreatic progenitors or islets from pluripotent stem cells as described above can be used. Compositions
[0205] In a further aspect of the disclosure, a substantially homogeneous population of pancreatic progenitor cells is provided and can be prepared by the method described herein. The pancreatic progenitor cells produced by the method described herein are expandable substantially without losing the characteristics of the pancreatic progenitor cells including morphology, phenotype, expansion potential and differentiation potential. By “substantially homogeneous population” it is meant that a substantial number of the total population of the cells are of the same or similar type and / or are in the same or similar state of differentiation. In some embodiments, at least about 80%of cells in the population of pancreatic progenitor cells are PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells. In some embodiments, at least about 85%of cells in the population of pancreatic progenitor cells are PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells. In some embodiments, at least about 90%of cells in the population of pancreatic progenitor cells are PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells. In some embodiments, at least about 95%of cells in the population of pancreatic progenitor cells are PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells. In some embodiments, at least about 80%of cells in the population of pancreatic progenitor cells are NKX6.1+ cells. In some embodiments, at least about 85%of cells in the population of pancreatic progenitor cells are NKX6.1+ cells. In some embodiments, at least about 90%of cells in the population of pancreatic progenitor cells are NKX6.1+ cells. In some embodiments, at least about 95%of cells in the population of pancreatic progenitor cells are NKX6.1+ cells. In some embodiments, at least about 98%of cells in the population of pancreatic progenitor cells are NKX6.1+ cells.
[0206] The PP cells or cell populations thereof described herein exhibit high expansion potential and high differentiation potential toward islet or β cells even after cyropreservation. The islet cells derived from the PP cells or cell populations thereof described herein have a high percent (e.g., 80%or above such as 85%or above) of βcells and are thus applicable for cell therapy (e.g., cell transplantation) to treat or prevent diseases or conditions such as diabetes mellitus. EXAMPLES
[0207] The present description is further illustrated by the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting in any way. The contents of all cited references (including literature references, issued patents, and published patent applications as cited throughout this application) are hereby expressly incorporated by reference. Materials
[0208] All reagents for the culture media and apparatuses utilized throughout the Examples of the present disclosure are commercially available. The sources of these reagents and apparatuses have been also described herein. Example 1
[0209] hiPSCs (Nuwacell) were routinely expanded in E8 medium (Shownin, RP01001) on Vitronectin (Shownin, VTN, RP01002) , followed by dissociation into single cells using TrypLE Express Enzyme (Thermo fisher Scientific) . On Day-1, single cells were resuspended in E8 medium containing 10 μM Blebbistatin (Shownin, RP01008) in T25 flasks on a 3D shaker overnight to form embryoid bodies (EBs) . EBs were then exposed to different differentiation media through 3 stages to obtain dorsal posterior foregut (PFG) cells and 4 stages to obtain pancreatic progenitor (PP) cells (FIG. 1A) . On Day 0, definitive endoderm (DE) differentiation was initiated by exposing the EBs to a Stage 1 (S1) differentiation medium comprising RPMI 1640 (Gibco, C11875500BT) supplemented with 1 ×mB27 supplement (Shownin, SN-06-0030, Xeno-free) , 2 mM GlutaMax (Invitrogen, 35050079) , 1 μg / mL insulin (baiying, INS-100MG) , 50 μg / mL Ascorbic acid (Sigma, A8960) , 1 mg / mL Human Serum Albumin (HSA, Ronsen) , 100 ng / mL Activin A (Novoprotein, C687) , and 5 μM CHIR99021 (Apexbio, A3011) . On day 1 of stage 1, the medium was changed to the same S1 differentiation medium only without CHIR99021. Primitive gut tube (PGT) differentiation was carried out by exposing the EBs to a Stage 2 (S2) differentiation medium comprising RPMI 1640 supplemented with 1 ×mB27 supplement, 2 mM GlutaMax, 5 μg / mL Insulin, 50 μg / mL Ascorbic acid, 1 mg / mL HSA and 100 ng / mL KGF for 3 days. Posterior foregut (PFG) differentiation was carried out by exposing the EBs to a Stage 3 (S3) differentiation medium comprising RPMI 1640 supplemented with 1 ×mB27 supplement (Shownin, RP01026-B, Xeno-free) , 2 mM GlutaMax, 50 μg / mL Ascorbic acid, 1 mg / mL HSA, 50 ng / mL KGF (Sinobiological, 10210-H07E) , 50 ng / mL EGF (Sinobiological, 10605-HNAE) , 2 μM Retinoic acid (RA, Sigma-Aldrich, R2625) and 0.2 μM PdBU (Medchemexpress, HY-18985) for 4 days. Pancreatic Progenitors differentiation was carried out by exposing the EBs to a Stage 4 (S4) differentiation medium comprising RPMI 1640 supplemented with 1 ×mB27 supplement, 2 mM GlutaMax, 50μg / mL Ascorbic acid, 1 mg / mL HSA, 2 mM Nicotinamide (Sigma, 72340) , 50 ng / mL KGF, 50 ng / mL EGF, 10 ng / mL Activin A, 10 nM PdBU, 30 nM RA and 0.5 μM AT7867 (Medchemexpress, HY-12059) for 3 days.
[0210] Cells differentiated on Day 3 of Stage 4 (S4d3) were collected. EBs of PP cells were dissociated into single cells and stained with PDX1-PE (BD, 562161) and NKX6.1-APC (BD, 563338) antibodies, and the expression of PDX 1 and NKX6.1 in the cells was analyzed by flow cytometry (Cytoflex, Beckman coulter) . As shown in FIG. 1B, high percent of PP cells (S4d3 cells, 81.18%) could be obtained. Comparative Example 1
[0211] The S4d3 cells obtained in Example 1 were dissociated into single cells and used as starting cells for further expansion. 24-well-plates were coated with 1 μg / cm2 human recombinant fibronectin (FN, Sigma, F0895) for 1-2 h at room temperature. Dissociated cells were seeded on FN-coated plates at a density of 0.5× 105 / cm2 in a culture medium comprising RPMI 1640 supplemented with 1 ×mB27 supplement, 1 mg / mL HSA, 50 μg / mL Ascorbic acid, 2 mM Nicotinamide, 10 μM SB431542 (Sigma-Aldrich, 616464) , 10 ng / mL FGF2 (Shownin) and 10 μM Y-27632 (Medchemexpress, HY-10071) . The medium was changed to the same culture medium without Y-27632 24 hours (h) after plating and refreshed every 2-3 days. Cells of P1 were collected on Day 7, the morphology of the cells was recorded and the expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in the cells was analyzed by flow cytometry (FIG. 2) .
[0212] FIG. 2 showed that the expanded cells were uniform but not dense, and NKX6.1+ cells in total cells was decreased significantly from 90.65% (P0) to 14.66%, where PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells were decreased significantly from 81.18% (P0) to 5.01%, indicating that this culture condition was extremely inefficient and couldn′t provide high percentage of PP cells. As a result, this culture condition was not able to support the expansion of the PP cells. Comparative Example 2
[0213] The S4d3 cells obtained in Example 1 were dissociated into single cells and used as starting cells for further expansion. Dissociated cells were ran through a 40 μm cell strainer and washed with a culture medium comprising DMEM / F-12 (Gibco, C11330500BT) , 1 ×B27 supplement (Gibco, 17504044) , 64 ng / mL FGF2 and 10 μM Y-27632, and re-suspended in a mixture of three parts of Matrigel (Coming) and one part of the culture medium. The cells were plated at a density of 1000 cells / μL of Matrigel mixture in 24-well-plates. Then, 0.5mL of the culture medium was added onto the polymerized Matrigel mixture and the medium was refreshed every 3 days. After 10 days of culture, cells of P1 were collected, the morphology of the cells was recorded and the expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in the cells was analyzed by flow cytometry (FIG. 3) .
[0214] As shown in FIG. 3, the cells were expanded to form spheroids in Matrigel and NKX6.1+ cells in total cells was decreased significantly from 90.65% (P0) to 12.67%, where PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells were decreased significantly from 81.18% (P0) to 12.15%, indicating that this culture condition was extremely inefficient and couldn′t provide high percentage of PP cells. As a result, this culture condition was not able to support the expansion of the PP cells. Example 2
[0215] Differentiation of hiPSCs into PP cells were conducted as described in Example 1. Differentiated cells were collected every day from S3d2 to S4d3 and the expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in the cells was analyzed by flow cytometry (FIG. 4A). As shown in FIG. 4A, on S3d2, the cells were essentially NKX6.1- (only 0.12%NKX6.1+ cells) , where PDX1-NKX6.1-cells accounted for 81.94%of total cells and PDX1+NKX6.1-cells accounted for 17.94%of total cells; on S3d3, the cells were essentially NKX6.1- (only 1.86%NKX6.1+ cells) , where PDX1-NKX6.1-cells accounted for 40.43%of total cells and PDX1+NKX6.1-cells accounted for 57.71%of total cells; on S3d4, PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells were gradually increased to 33.80%and PDX1-NKX6.1-cells and PDX1+NKX6.1-cells were reduced to 21.03%and 42.45%, respectively; on S4dl, PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells were gradually increased to 40.09%and PDX1-NKX6.1-cells and PDX1+NKX6.1-cells were further reduced to 14.06%and 44.15%, respectively; on S4d2, PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells were further increased to 79.90%and PDX1-NKX6.1-cells and PDX1+NKX6.1-cells were further reduced to 4.94%and 12.05%, respectively; and on S4d3, the cells were essentially NKX6.1+(90.65%NKX6.1+ cells) , and high percentage of PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells (PP cells, 81.18%) were finally obtained. The above results indicated that the expression of NKX6.1 preceded by that of PDX1 during the differentiation and more precursor cells were differentiated into PP cells.
[0216] The collected cells were dissociated into single cells and used as starting cells for further expansion. The cell expansion was conducted as follows. The dissociated cells were seeded at a density of 0.8× 105 / cm2 on VTN-coated (2 μg / cm2) 12-well-plates in an expansion medium comprising DMEM / F12, 1×B27 supplement, 10 ng / mL FGF2, 50 ng / mL EGF, 10 μM Repsox, 1 μM I-BET151 and 10 μM Y27632. The medium was changed to the same expansion medium without Y-27632 24 h after plating and refreshed every 3 days. Cells were passaged every 7-8 days when reached 90-100%confluence. Expanded cells were collected at P1 and P2, the morphologies of the expanded cells were recorded and the cell numbers were counted by Countstar (FIGS. 4B and 4C) , and the expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in the expanded cells was analyzed by flow cytometry (FIG. 4D) .
[0217] As shown in FIGS. 4B and 4C, among all starting cells tested, robust monolayer expansion was achieved at both P1 and P2 (about 4 folds for P1 and about 7.55 folds for P2) and a high percentage (about 85%) of PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells were consistently obtained at both P1 and P2 only using the S3d3 cells as starting cells. In contrast, when using other starting cells, significantly lower percentages of PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells (<about 70%for all P2 cells) and significantly lower expansion folds were obtained for expanded cells at P1 and P2. These results demonstrated that the differentiation status of the starting cells was critical for consistent, high-efficient and robust expansion, and feeder-free, consistent, high-efficient and robust expansion of the PP cells could be achieved only using the S3d3 cells as starting cells. Example 3
[0218] The S3d3 cells were obtained as described in Example 2, dissociated into single cells and used as starting cells for further expansion as described in Example 2. Cells were continuously passaged and collected at each passage from P1 to P8, and the morphology of the collected cells was recorded and counted by Countstar, and the expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in the cells was analyzed by flow cytometry (FIGS. 5A-5C) . During prolonged expansion from P0 to P8, all expanded cells had high density and homogeneous cell morphology (FIG. 5A) , and exhibited stable robust expansion potential (about 7 to about 10 fold after P1) (FIG. 5B) . Further, the cells expanded at each passage could stably maintain high percentage (>about 82%) of PDX1+NKX6.1+ cells and high percentage (>about 90%) of NKX6.1+ cells (FIG. 5C) . These results demonstrated that consistent, highly efficient and robust prolonged expansion of the PP cells could be achieved using the S3d3 cells, which could continuously generate a large number of consistently expanded cells for further endocrine differentiation. Comparative Example 3
[0219] The S3d2 cells, S3d3 cells, S3d4 cells, S4dl, S4d2 and S4d3 cells collected in Example 2 were dissociated into single cells and used as starting cells for further expansion, respectively. The cell expansion was conducted as follows. The dissociated cells were seeded at a density of 0.8 × 105 / cm2 onto a layer of mitomycin-inactivated MEF feeders (0.5 × 105 / cm2) in an expansion medium comprising DMEM / F12, 1 ×B27 supplement, 10 ng / mL FGF2, 50 ng / mL EGF, 10 μM Repsox, 1 μM I-BET151 and 10 μM Y27632. The medium was changed to the same expansion medium without Y-27632 24 h after plating and refreshed every 3 days. Cells were passaged every 7-8 days when reached 90-100%confluence. For all starting cells, expanded cells were collected at P1 and P2, the morphology of the expanded cells was recorded and the cell numbers were counted by Countstar (FIGS. 6A-6B) , and the expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in the expanded cells was analyzed by flow cytometry (FIG. 6C) . Further, for S4d3 cells, expanded cells were collected at each passage from P1 to P7, the expanded cells were counted by Countstar (FIG. 6D) , and the expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in the expanded cells was analyzed by flow cytometry (FIG. 6E) .
[0220] As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, when expanded on MEF feeders, among all starting cells tested, robust monolayer expansion (about 5 to 8 folds) could be achieved only using S3d3, S4d2 or S4d3 cells as starting cells. However, when using the S3d3 cells as the starting cells, a low percentage (61.12%) of PP cells were only obtained at P1 and the percentage of the PP cells was further significantly decreased to 40.86%at P2. When using the S4d2 cells as the starting cells, a low percent (64.37%) of PP cells were also obtained at P1, and the percent of the PP cells was still significantly lower than about 80%at P2. When using the S4d3 cells as the starting cells, a high percentage of PP cells could be consistently obtained at P1 (79.2%) and P2 (77.09%) , however, the percent of the PP cells was gradually decreased after P3 as shown in FIG. 6E although robust monolayer expansion could be still achieved after P3 as shown in FIG. 6D. These results demonstrated that stable prolonged expansion of PP cells could not be achieved using all starting cells in the presence of feeder cells. Example 4
[0221] Similar to Example 2, the starting cells were obtained and used for further expansion. The expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in the starting cells was analyzed by flow cytometry (FIG. 7A) . As shown in FIG. 7A, the cells were essentially NKX6.1-(only 7.44%NKX6.1+ cells) , where PDX1-NKX6.1-cells accounted for 64.08%of total cells and PDX1+NKX6.1-cells accounted for 28.48%of total cells. Expanded cells were collected at P1 to P4 and counted by Countstar (FIG. 7B) , and the expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in the expanded cells was analyzed by flow cytometry (FIG. 7C) .
[0222] As shown in FIG. 7B, stable robust expansion of about 5 to 10 folds was achieved at each passage. As shown in FIG. 7C, a high percent (86.50%) of PP cells was obtained at P1, and the percent of the PP cells was maintained at a higher level (92.08%) at P4, and the percent of NKX6.1+ cells was similarly maintained at a high level (>about 92%) at P1 and P4. Example 5
[0223] Similar to Example 2, the starting cells were obtained and used for further expansion. The expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in the starting cells was analyzed by flow cytometry (FIG. 8A) . As shown in FIG. 8A, the cells were essentially NKX6.1- (only 2.0%NKX6.1+ cells) , where PDX1-NKX6.1-cells accounted for 76.64%of total cells and PDX1+NKX6.1-cells accounted for 21.36%of total cells. Expanded cells were collected at P1 to P7 and counted by Countstar (FIG. 8B) , and the expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in the expanded cells was analyzed by flow cytometry (FIG. 8C) .
[0224] As shown in FIG. 8B, stable robust expansion of about 5 to 9 folds was achieved at each passage. As shown in FIG. 8C, a high percent (84.37%) of PP cells was obtained at P1, and the percent of the PP cells was maintained at a similarly high level from P2 to P7, and the percent of NKX6.1+ cells was also similarly maintained at a high level from P1 to P7. Example 6
[0225] The S3d3 cells were obtained as described in Example 3, dissociated into single cells and used as starting cells for further expansion as described in Example 3. Expanded cells were collected at P2 and frozen for about 6 months by using multiple electrolytes injection supplemented with 4%HSA and 10%DMSO at a density of 10 million cells / mL. For thawing, frozen cells were placed at 37℃ and then transferred to the expansion medium. The cells were collected by centrifugation at 250×g, and the pellet was resuspended using the expansion medium and seeded at a density of 0.8 × 105 / cm2 on VTN-coated (2 μg / cm2) T25 flasks in the expansion medium. The medium was changed to the same expansion medium without Y-27632 24 h after plating and refreshed every 3 days. The cells were passaged every 7-8 days when reached 90-100%confluence. The medium was changed to an expansion medium comprising DMEM / F12, 1×mB27 supplement, 50 ng / mL EGF, 10 ng / mL FGF2, 10 μM Repsox, and 1 μM I-BET151 during expansion of P4 to P7 cells. The cells of P4 to P7 were collected and counted by Countstar (FIG. 9A) , and the expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in the expanded cells was analyzed by flow cytometry (FIG. 9B) .
[0226] As shown in FIG. 9A, even if the expanded cells were cryopreserved and then continually expanded in the expansion medium comprising mB27, the cells could be still expanded well at a fold of about 6 to 9 folds, and a high percent (> about 86%) of PP cells could be stably maintained, and the percent of NKX6.1+ cells could be also similarly maintained (FIG. 9B) . Example 7
[0227] The S3d3 cells were obtained as described in Example 3, dissociated into single cells and used as starting cells for further expansion as described in Example 3. Expanded cells were collected at P2 and continually expanded similarly to Example 3 except for further adding GlutaMax, ascorbic acid, or heparin into the expansion medium as shown in Table 1, and 12-well-plates were coated with 2 μg / cm2 recombinant VTN and 1 μg / cm2 recombinant DLL4. Expanded cells were collected at P3 and counted by Countstar, and the expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in the expanded cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. The results were shown in Table 1.
[0228] Table 1
[0229] As shown in Table 1, by comparing #1 with Example 3 where the cells were expanded on VTN, it was found that when the cells were expanded on VTN / DLL4, robust expansion could be achieved at a fold of 13.22 for P3 cells, which was significantly higher than a fold of 9.64 for P3 cells in Example 3. The above result indicated that VTN / DLL4 outperformed VTN in terms of promoting the proliferation of PP cells. In addition, by comparing #1 with #2, it was found that GlutaMAX could significantly promote the proliferation of PP cells. However, as demonstrated by comparing #1 with #3 or #4, it was found that Ascorbic acid or Heparin didn′t promote the proliferation of PP cells. Further, all culture conditions tested could achieve high percent (>about 84%) of PP cells and high percent (>about 96%) of NKX6.1+ cells. Example 8
[0230] The S3d3 cells were obtained as described in Example 3, dissociated into single cells and used as starting cells for further expansion as described in Example 3. Expanded cells were collected at P2 and continually expanded. The cell expansion was conducted as follows. The dissociated cells were seeded at a density of 0.8 × 105 / cm2 on VTN-coated (2 μg / cm2) 12-well-plates in an expansion medium comprising DMEM / F12, 1 ×B27 supplement, 10 ng / mL FGF2, 1 μM I-BET151 and 10 μM Y27632. The medium was changed to the same expansion medium with or without Y-27632 24 h after plating and refreshed every 3 days. Cells were passaged every 7-8 days when reached 90-100%confluence. Expanded cells were collected at P3 and counted by Countstar, and the expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in the expanded cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. The results were shown in Table 2.
[0231] Table 2
[0232] As shown in Table 2, the expansion medium comprising FGF2 and I-BET151 could support further expansion of the PP cells at P2, and the addition of Y-27632 throughout expansion was helpful for the proliferation of the PP cells. Example 9
[0233] Expanded cells of P5, P6 and P7 were obtained as described in Example 3 and used for further differentiation into islets. Expanded cells were dissociated into single cells and suspended in the medium supplemented with 10 μM Y27632 as described in Example 3 in 250 mL spinner flasks overnight to form embryoid bodies (EBs) . EBs were then exposed to a Stage 5 differentiation medium comprising RPMI 1640, 1×mB27 supplement, 2 mM GlutaMax, 50 μg / mL Ascorbic acid, 1 mg / mL HSA, 10 μg / mL Heparin, 30 nM Retinoic acid, 10 μM Repsox, 1 μM Compound E (Medchemexpress, HY-14176) , 3 μM T3 (Medchemexpress, HY-A0070) and 0.1 μM LDN193189 (Medchemexpress, HY-12071A) for 4 days to obtain endocrine cells. The medium was changed every other day during Stage 5. At the end of S5, EBs were collected and dissociated into single cells and stained with CHGA-PE (BD, 564563, endocrine marker) and NKX6.1-APC (BD) antibodies, and the expression of CHGA and NKX6.1 in the cells was analyzed by flow cytometry (FIG. 10A) . As shown in FIG. 10A, all expanded cells of P5, P6 and P7 could be differentiated into endocrine cells at a high percent (> about 70%) , indicating that pancreatic progenitor cells maintained high differentiation potential even after prolonged expansion.
[0234] The endocrine cells derived from PP cells of P5 were then exposed to a Stage 6 differentiation medium comprising RPMI 1640 medium (5.5 mM glucose) supplemented with 1 ×mB27 supplement, 2 mM GlutaMax, 10 μg / mL Heparin, 1 mg / mL HSA, 1 mM N-Acetylcysteine (Medchemexpress, HY-B0215) , 10 μM ZnSO4 (Sigma) , 3 μM T3 and 10 μM Repsox for 11 days to generate islet cells. The medium was changed every three days during Stage 6. At the end of the Stage 6, EBs were collected and dissociated into single cells, and stained with CHGA-PE (BD) , NKX6.1-APC (BD) , NKX6.1-PE (BD, 563023) , C-peptide-APC (BD, 565831) and islet-1-PE (BD, 562547) antibodies, and the percentages of NKX6.1+CHGA+, NKX6.1 + C-peptide+ and NKX6.1 + Islet-1 + cells were analyzed by flow cytometry (FIG. 10B) . As shown in FIG. 10B, cells from the Stage 6 had high expression of both endocrine and beta cell markers, with 88.95%NKX6.1 +CHGA + cells, 85.03%NKX6.1 +C-peptide + cells (β cells) and 83.85%NKX6.1 +Islet-1+ cells. Example 10
[0235] To test the function of derived islets, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assay was performed as follows. About 1000 of Stage 6 clusters obtained in Example 9 were pre-incubated for 1h in Krebs buffer containing 2.8 mM glucose, and then incubated successively in Krebs buffer containing 2.8mM glucose and Krebs buffer containing 16.7 mM glucose for 0.5h, and supernatant was collected after each incubation. This procedure was repeated one additional time. The amount of insulin secreted in supernatant samples were detected using electrochemiluminescence assay (ELC, Kingmed) (FIG. 11) . The results indicated that islet cells derived from expanded PP cells exhibited an insulin secretion profile similar to primary islets, and had significantly upregulated insulin secretion in response to high glucose stimulation. These data further indicated that expanded pancreatic progenitors maintained high efficiency of differentiating into functional β cells even after prolonged expansion.
[0236] One skilled in the art would readily appreciate that the methods, compositions, and products described herein are representative of exemplary embodiments, and not intended as limitations on the scope of the disclosure. It will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that varying substitutions and modifications may be made to the present disclosure disclosed herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure.
[0237] All patents and publications mentioned in the specification are indicative of the levels of those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure pertains. Allpatents and publications are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication was specifically and individually indicated as incorporated by reference.
[0238] The present disclosure is not to be limited in terms of the particular embodiments described in this application, which are intended as single illustrations of individual aspects of the disclosure. All the various embodiments of the present disclosure will not be described herein. The terms and expressions which have been employed are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention that in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, but it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the present disclosure claimed. Thus, it should be understood that although the present disclosure has been specifically disclosed by preferred embodiments and optional features, modification and variation of the concepts herein disclosed may be resorted to by those skilled in the art, and that such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1.A culture system, comprising:a population of precursor cells capable of differentiation into pancreatic progenitor cells via posterior foregut cells, wherein the population of the precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 100%of PDX1+NKX6.1- cells, more than 0%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1- cells, and less than 10%of NKX6.1+ cells; anda feeder-free expansion system adapted to continuously expand the pancreatic progenitor cells.2.The culture system of claim 1, wherein the population of the precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 90%of PDX1+NKX6.1- cells, more than 10%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1- cells, and less than 10%of NKX6.1+ cells.3.The culture system of claim 2, wherein the population of the precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 75%of PDX1+NKX6.1- cells, more than 25%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1- cells, and less than 7.5%of NKX6.1+ cells.4.The culture system of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the expansion system comprises a culture substrate coated with a coating matrix.5.The culture system of claim 4, wherein the coating matrix is selected from vitronectin (VTN) or a combination of VTN and a Notch agonist, and preferably a combination of VTN and a Notch agonist.6.The culture system of claim 5, wherein the Notch agonist is selected from Delta-Like 4 (DLL4) , Delta-Like 1 (DLL1) , Jagged-1, Jagged-2, a variant thereof, and a combination thereof.7.The culture system of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the expansion system comprises a serum-free expansion medium comprising a basal medium, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , and a BET inhibitor.8.The culture system of claim 7, wherein the concentration of the BET inhibitor in the expansion medium is from about 0.1 to about 20 μM, and the concentration of the FGF in the expansion medium is from about 1 to about 100 ng / mL.9.The culture system of claim 7 or 8, wherein the expansion medium further comprises one or more of a glutamine or a derivative thereof, a TGF-β inhibitor, an epidermal growth factor (EGF) , and a Rock inhibitor.10.The culture system of claim 9, wherein the concentration of the EGF in the expansion medium is from about 1 to about 100 ng / mL.11.The culture system of claim 9 or 10, wherein the concentration of the TGF-β inhibitor in the expansion medium is from about 0.1 to about 50 μM.12.The culture system of any one of claims 9-11, wherein the concentration of the glutamine or a derivative thereof in the expansion medium is from about 0.5 to about 10 mM.13.The culture system of any one of claims 9-12, wherein the concentration of the Rock inhibitor in the expansion medium is from about 1 to about 50 μM.14.The culture system of any one of claims 7-13, wherein the expansion medium is a serum-free and xeno-free culture medium.15.A method of expanding pancreatic progenitor cells, comprising the steps of:providing a population of precursor cells capable of differentiation into pancreatic progenitor cells via posterior foregut cells, wherein the population of the precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 100%of PDX1+NKX6.1- cells, more than 0%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1- cells, and less than 10%of NKX6.1+ cells; andculturing the population of the precursor cells in a feeder-free expansion system adapted to continuously expand the pancreatic progenitor cells, thereby obtaining a substantially homogeneous population of the pancreatic progenitor cells.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the population of the precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 90%of PDX1+NKX6.1- cells, more than 10%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1- cells, and less than 10%of NKX6.1+ cells.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the population of the precursor cells comprises more than 20%and less than 75%of PDX1+NKX6.1- cells, more than 25%and less than 80%of PDX1-NKX6.1- cells, and less than 7.5%of NKX6.1+ cells.18.The method of any one of claims 15-17, wherein the expansion system comprises a culture substrate coated with a coating matrix.19.The method of claim 18, wherein the coating matrix is selected from vitronectin (VTN) or a combination of VTN and a Notch agonist and preferably a combination of VTN and a Notch agonist.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the Notch agonist is selected from Delta-Like 4 (DLL4) , Delta-Like 1 (DLL1) , Jagged-1, Jagged-2, a variant thereof, and a combination thereof.21.The method of any one of claims 15-20, wherein the expansion system comprises a serum-free expansion medium comprising a basal medium, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) , and a BET inhibitor.22.The method of claim 21, wherein the concentration of the BET inhibitor in the expansion medium is from about 0.1 to about 20 μM, and the concentration of the FGF in the expansion medium is from about 1 to about 100 ng / mL.23.The method of claim 21 or 22, wherein the expansion medium further comprises one or more of a glutamine or a derivative thereof, a TGF-β inhibitor, an epidermal growth factor (EGF) , and a Rock inhibitor.24.The method of claim 23, wherein the concentration of the EGF in the expansion medium is from about 1 to about 100 ng / mL.25.The method of claim 23 or 24, wherein the concentration of the TGF-β inhibitor in the expansion medium is from about 0.1 to about 50 μM.26.The method of any one of claims 23-25, wherein the concentration of the glutamine or a derivative thereof in the expansion medium is from about 0.5 to about 10 mM.27.The method of any one of claims 23-26, wherein the concentration of the Rock inhibitor in the expansion medium is from about 1 to about 50 μM.28.The method of any one of claims 21-27, wherein the expansion medium is a serum-free, and xeno-free culture medium.29.The method of any one of claims 15-28, wherein the step of culturing the population of the precursor cells in the feeder-free expansion system comprises continuously expanding the cells for multiple passages such as at least 8 passages with the double positive expression of PDX1 and NKX6.1 in the expanded cells substantially maintained.30.A substantially homogeneous population of pancreatic progenitor cells produced by the method according to any one of claims 15-29.