Purple-soil red wall construction method for cracked wall
By identifying cracked walls using Grassmann manifold distance and LDA methods, and combining this with the application of iron oxide red and topcoat ash, the problems of reinforcement and aesthetics of cracked walls were solved, thereby improving the stability and durability of the walls.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANGHAI JIANWEI CULTURAL HERITAGE CONSERVATION TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-18
Smart Images
Figure CN2025091122_18062026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A construction method for purple clay red wall with cracks Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of wall repair technology, and in particular to a construction method for purple clay red wall for cracked walls. Background Technology
[0002] Purple clay red walls are commonly used as a cladding material for the exterior walls of Confucian temples, other temples, and courtyards in southern my country. Their stability and durability have always been a focus of attention in the field of building restoration and preservation. Common problems with purple clay red walls include inconsistent material ratios and construction methods, resulting in white or purple tinges, color inconsistencies, fading, rough surfaces, and inconsistent textures. These defects not only affect the aesthetics of the building but also its lifespan and safety. Furthermore, cracks frequently appear in the walls. Cracks in concrete structures vary in size, and these cracks significantly impact the structural strength of the wall. Without accurate identification of cracks, effective reinforcement construction cannot be carried out. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a wall construction method that can effectively address cracked walls. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a construction method for purple clay red wall structures with cracks, which at least solves the technical problem that existing methods cannot identify and reinforce cracked walls. This application accurately identifies cracks in the wall and performs wall construction using the Grassmann manifold distance method, thereby improving the stability of the wall and the economics of construction.
[0004] This application provides a construction method for purple clay red wall with cracks, including the following steps:
[0005] Collect concrete wall data and process the data to obtain processed wall crack data;
[0006] The impulse response pole feature space is constructed based on the processed wall crack data, and the feature space values are obtained.
[0007] A spectral clustering method based on Grassmann manifold distance metric is used to perform cluster analysis on numerical values in the feature space to identify cracks in concrete walls.
[0008] Based on the identified cracks in the concrete wall, the concrete wall is repaired.
[0009] Furthermore, the process of collecting concrete wall data and processing the data to obtain processed wall crack data is as follows:
[0010] High-frequency electromagnetic waves are emitted into the space of the concrete wall to obtain the echo signal of the concrete wall and obtain echo signal data samples.
[0011] The LDA method is used to perform dimensionality reduction on the echo signal data samples to obtain the dimensionality-reduced echo signal.
[0012] Furthermore, the process of using the LDA method to perform dimensionality reduction processing on the echo signal data samples to obtain the dimensionality-reduced echo signal is as follows:
[0013] Calculate the center of the echo signal data sample, and calculate the mean of the echo signal data sample based on the center;
[0014] The scattering matrix is calculated based on the center, and the intraclass scattering matrix is calculated based on the scattering matrix.
[0015] The inter-class scattering matrix is calculated based on the center and the mean, and the augmented matrix is calculated based on the intra-class scattering matrix and the inter-class scattering matrix.
[0016] The augmented matrix is subjected to eigenvalue decomposition to obtain eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors, and the eigenvectors are sorted to obtain the transformation matrix;
[0017] The dimensionality-reduced data matrix is calculated based on the echo signal data samples and the transformation matrix to obtain low-dimensional data.
[0018] Furthermore, the process of constructing the impulse response pole feature space based on the processed wall crack data and obtaining the feature space values is as follows:
[0019] The impact response of the concrete wall is calculated based on the processed wall crack data.
[0020] Based on the impact response, a correspondence between the impact response, attenuation factor, and resonant frequency is constructed, and the values of attenuation factor and resonant frequency are calculated.
[0021] Based on the attenuation factor and the resonant frequency, the characteristic space of the concrete echo signal poles is constructed, and the characteristic space value is obtained.
[0022] Furthermore, the process of using the Grassmann manifold distance metric-based spectral clustering method to perform clustering analysis on the feature space values and identify cracks in concrete walls is as follows:
[0023] Obtain the feature data points of the echo signal poles of the concrete wall and determine the number of clusters to be formed;
[0024] The distances between the data points are calculated based on the Grassmann manifold method, and a similarity matrix is constructed.
[0025] The Laplacian matrix is constructed based on the similarity matrix, and the largest eigenvalue and corresponding eigenvector of the Laplacian matrix are solved. The first matrix is then constructed based on the eigenvector.
[0026] The row vectors of the constructed matrix are normalized to obtain the second matrix, and the K-means method is used to classify each row of the second matrix. Based on the classification results, the concrete wall crack identification results are output.
[0027] Furthermore, the process of constructing and repairing the concrete wall based on the identified cracks is as follows:
[0028] Iron oxide red, water, and white latex were mixed in a ratio of 0.5:3:1 to obtain a red adhesive solution.
[0029] The red adhesive and the white lime of the topcoat are mixed at a ratio of 1:0.5 to obtain the prepared red-gray adhesive slurry.
[0030] After applying two coats of red lime to the concrete wall, apply a second coat of red lime mortar to the wall surface.
[0031] Furthermore, the two-stage scraping process involves scraping the ash using both horizontal and vertical methods, and removing excess red ash from the joints and finishing processes.
[0032] The pits, dents, scratches, and identified cracks on the wall are re-examined and smoothed. After drying, they are sanded with fine sandpaper, and the dust is swept away until the surface is flat and smooth.
[0033] Furthermore, the white lime coating includes tempered putty or lime.
[0034] Furthermore, the preparation process of the red adhesive is as follows: the water in the container is measured according to the ratio, and the iron oxide red of the ratio is slowly added to the water with a spoon while stirring until the addition is complete and the iron oxide red is completely dissolved in the water. Then the white latex is added and stirred thoroughly to obtain the red adhesive.
[0035] Compared with the prior art, this application has achieved the following beneficial effects:
[0036] This application discloses a construction method for a purple-brown wall with cracks. By using the Grassmann manifold distance method combined with LDA, cracks in the wall can be accurately identified, and their specific locations and shapes can be determined. Furthermore, by adding white latex to the purple-brown wall finishing coat (red adhesive), the adhesion, strength, and colorfastness of the red adhesive are enhanced, providing a certain degree of waterproofing. The addition of red adhesive to the finishing putty or lime gives it a purple-brown color, resulting in a better overall effect and significantly improving the aesthetics of the purple-brown wall. The color difference is minimal, and the wall does not fade, turn white, or turn purple, ensuring safety and durability. Attached Figure Description
[0037] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction method of purple clay red wall for cracked walls according to the present invention;
[0038] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the purple clay red wall repair process of the present invention;
[0039] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the small sample of the purple clay red wall test of the present invention;
[0040] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the finished product of the purple clay red wall of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0042] Example 1
[0043] Please refer to Figure 1. This embodiment provides a construction method for purple clay red wall with cracks, including the following steps:
[0044] S101. Collect concrete wall data and process the data to obtain processed wall crack data.
[0045] In this embodiment, in order to identify wall cracks, high-frequency electromagnetic waves are emitted into the space of the building's concrete wall to obtain the concrete wall echo signal.
[0046] After obtaining the echo signal, the signal undergoes dimensionality reduction processing. The specific process is as follows:
[0047] Input initial echo signal data samples from the concrete wall, specifically X = {x1, x2, x3, ..., x n};
[0048] This embodiment uses the LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis) method to preprocess the data to achieve data compression. LDA, or Linear Discriminant Analysis, is a machine learning algorithm, specifically:
[0049] Let K be the inherent number of clusters of data X, and let mk (k = 1, 2, ..., K) be the center of a certain cluster Ck (k = 1, 2, ..., K):
[0050] Where, n k x is the number of samples in cluster Ck. i This is the echo signal data.
[0051] Then, the mean m of all data samples in each cluster is calculated as follows:
[0052] Where n is the total number of all samples in the sample data.
[0053] For cluster Ck, the scattering matrix is calculated as follows:
[0054] Where T is the transpose matrix.
[0055] The scattering matrix is processed to obtain the intraclass scattering matrix:
[0056] Wherein, the scattering matrix S k and S w They are all multidimensional matrix arrays.
[0057] For actual observational data, the inter-class scattering matrix is:
[0058] It is formed by setting an augmentation matrix that combines the intra-class scattering matrix and the inter-class scattering matrix. Specifically:
[0059] Where G is the augmented matrix.
[0060] By decomposing the matrix, we obtain the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors. Then, we sort the eigenvalues according to their magnitude and construct the transformation matrix W, specifically: W = [e1, e2, ..., e...]. l (7)
[0061] Where e1 is the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue, e2 is the eigenvector corresponding to the second largest eigenvalue, and e l Let be the eigenvector corresponding to the smallest eigenvalue, and l be the number of eigenvectors.
[0062] Finally, the product of the observed data matrix X and the transformation matrix W is calculated to obtain the data dimensionality reduction result, specifically: X′=XW (8)
[0063] Where X′ represents the dimensionality reduction result of the data.
[0064] The above method transforms the original data into low-dimensional data, achieving dimensionality reduction and yielding the dimensionality-reduced dataset.
[0065] S102. Based on the processed wall crack data, construct the impulse response pole feature space and obtain the feature space values.
[0066] The impulse response p(t) of the concrete wall was calculated as follows:
[0067] Where p′(t) is the early-time response of the impulse response. For late-time response, t0 is the start time, R α Let be the complex amplitude of the α-th resonant state, v be the velocity, t be the time, and qα be the pole, specifically: q α =h α +θ2πf α (10)
[0068] Among them, h α f is the attenuation factor, θ is a constant, and f α It is the resonant frequency.
[0069] Finally, the pole feature space of the concrete echo signal is established, specifically represented as: [H,F]={(h1,f1),(h2,f2),…(h N ,f N )}.
[0070] By arranging N poles of the resonant state of the concrete wall echo signal in the two-dimensional pole feature space [H,F], the characteristic distribution of the impulse response of the concrete wall can be obtained, thereby completing the identification of wall cracks.
[0071] S103. A spectral clustering method based on Grassmann manifold distance metric is used to perform clustering analysis on the numerical values of the feature space to identify cracks in concrete walls.
[0072] First, by inputting N concrete echo signal pole data points [H,F]={(h1,f1),(h2,f2),…(h N ,f N The number of clusters is k;
[0073] Based on the Grassmann flow shape distance between two pole feature data points, specifically:
[0074] Where r and c are the pole data of the Grassmann manifold, and θ i Let r be the principal angle between r and c.
[0075] Then, the Laplace matrix is constructed as follows: L = D -12 SD -12 (12)
[0076] Where D is a diagonal matrix. S is a similarity matrix, S∈R n×n .
[0077] Subsequently, the k largest eigenvalues of the concrete wall echo signal poles in the L matrix are solved to obtain the corresponding echo signal pole eigenvectors (h1,f1), (h2,f2), ..., (h k ,f k Thus, a matrix is constructed to obtain [H,F]={(h1,f1),(h2,f2),…(h k ,f k )}, where, (h k ,f k ) is a column vector.
[0078] Subsequently, the row vectors of [H,F] are normalized to obtain matrix Y, where,
[0079] Treating each row of Y as a point in space, the K-means method is used to classify them. If the i-th row of Y belongs to the j-th class, the concrete wall echo signal pole feature data point (h0, f0) and the classification value of the j-th class output data point are used to obtain the concrete wall crack identification result (h1, f1), (h2, f2), ..., (h k ,f k ).
[0080] S104. Repair the concrete wall based on the identified cracks.
[0081] As shown in Figure 2, in this embodiment, iron oxide red, water, and white latex are used to repair the concrete wall to obtain a purple-red wall. The specific process is as follows:
[0082] Materials needed: iron oxide red, water-based white glue, water, container, mixing tools
[0083] Red adhesive mixing ratio test: The red adhesive was made by mixing iron oxide red, water and white latex in three ratios: 0.4:2.5:0.8, 0.5:3:1 and 0.6:3.5:1.2. After trial mixing, the iron oxide red:water and white latex ratio of 0.5:3:1 was found to be the best, with pure color, good adhesion and durability after the wall surface dries.
[0084] Preparation of red adhesive solution: Measure the water in the container according to the ratio. First, slowly add the required amount of iron oxide red to the water with a spoon while stirring, until all the iron oxide red is completely dissolved in the water. Then, add the white adhesive solution and stir thoroughly.
[0085] Red-gray adhesive mortar preparation: Base coat using tempered putty or lime (lime must be fully fermented, filtered to remove coarse particles, and mixed with paper towels): Red adhesive = 1:0.5. Stir thoroughly until well combined. The prepared red-gray adhesive mortar must be used before initial setting.
[0086] Apply the first coat of red ash: During the application of red ash, scrape horizontally and vertically, and pay attention to scraping the red ash cleanly at the joints and ends.
[0087] Apply a second coat of red plaster: After applying the first coat of red plaster, use red plaster to smooth out any pits, dents, scratches, etc. on the wall. After it dries completely, sand it with fine sandpaper and sweep away the dust until the surface is smooth and flat to meet the acceptance criteria.
[0088] Apply two coats of red-gray adhesive mortar: Because the red-gray mortar appears whitish when fully applied, a second coat of red-gray adhesive mortar is necessary. Stir well before use. Do not add water arbitrarily. The working consistency or viscosity should ensure that it does not drip or show brush marks during application. Use it within the specified time. The direction and stroke length of the brush should be consistent. If the paint dries quickly, use short brushes frequently, ensuring straight joints. The resulting purple-brown wall is shown in Figures 3 and 4. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the small-scale purple-brown wall test sample, and Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the finished purple-brown wall.
[0089] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims, and the above embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting.
Claims
1. A construction method for purple clay red wall with cracks, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: High-frequency electromagnetic waves are emitted into the space of the concrete wall to collect concrete wall data, and the data is processed to obtain the processed wall crack data. Based on the processed wall crack data, an impulse response pole feature space is constructed, and feature space values are obtained. A spectral clustering method based on Grassmann manifold distance metric is used to perform cluster analysis on the numerical values of the feature space to identify cracks in concrete walls. Based on the identified cracks in the concrete wall, the purple clay red wall construction method was used to repair the concrete wall.
2. The construction method for purple clay red wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of collecting concrete wall data and processing the data to obtain processed wall crack data is as follows: High-frequency electromagnetic waves are emitted into the space of the concrete wall to obtain the echo signal of the concrete wall and obtain echo signal data samples. The LDA method is used to perform dimensionality reduction on the echo signal data samples to obtain the dimensionality-reduced echo signal.
3. The construction method for purple clay red wall according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of using the LDA method to perform dimensionality reduction on the echo signal data samples to obtain the dimensionality-reduced echo signal is as follows: Calculate the center of the echo signal data sample, and calculate the mean of the echo signal data sample based on the center; The scattering matrix is calculated based on the center, and the intraclass scattering matrix is calculated based on the scattering matrix. The inter-class scattering matrix is calculated based on the center and the mean, and the augmented matrix is calculated based on the intra-class scattering matrix and the inter-class scattering matrix. The augmented matrix is subjected to eigenvalue decomposition to obtain eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors, and the eigenvectors are sorted to obtain the transformation matrix; The dimensionality-reduced data matrix is calculated based on the echo signal data samples and the transformation matrix to obtain low-dimensional data.
4. The construction method for purple clay red wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of constructing the impulse response pole feature space based on the processed wall crack data and obtaining the feature space values is as follows: The impact response of the concrete wall is calculated based on the processed wall crack data. Based on the impact response, a correspondence between the impact response, attenuation factor, and resonant frequency is constructed, and the values of attenuation factor and resonant frequency are calculated. The characteristic space of the concrete echo signal poles is constructed based on the attenuation factor and the resonant frequency. The numerical values of the feature space are obtained.
5. The construction method for purple clay red wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spectral clustering method based on Grassmann manifold distance metric performs cluster analysis on the feature space values to identify cracks in concrete walls. Obtain the feature data points of the echo signal poles of the concrete wall and determine the number of clusters to be formed; The distances between the data points are calculated based on the Grassmann manifold method, and a similarity matrix is constructed. The Laplacian matrix is constructed based on the similarity matrix, and the largest eigenvalue and corresponding eigenvector of the Laplacian matrix are solved. The first matrix is then constructed based on the eigenvector. The row vectors of the constructed matrix are normalized to obtain the second matrix, and the K-means method is used to classify each row of the second matrix. Based on the classification results, the concrete wall crack identification results are output.
6. The construction method for purple clay red wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of repairing the concrete wall based on the identified cracks is as follows: Iron oxide red, water, and white latex were mixed in a ratio of 0.5:3:1 to obtain a red adhesive solution. The red adhesive and the white lime of the topcoat are mixed at a ratio of 1:0.5 to obtain the prepared red-gray adhesive slurry. After applying two coats of red lime to the concrete wall, apply a second coat of red lime mortar to the wall surface.
7. The construction method for purple clay red wall according to claim 6, characterized in that, The two-stage scraping process involves scraping the ash using horizontal and vertical methods, and removing excess red ash from the joints and finishing processes. The pits, dents, scratches, and identified cracks on the wall are re-examined and smoothed. After drying, they are sanded with fine sandpaper, and the dust is swept away until the surface is flat and smooth.
8. The construction method for purple clay red wall according to claim 6, characterized in that, The white lime coating includes tempered putty or lime.
9. The construction method for purple clay red wall according to claim 6, characterized in that, The preparation process of the red adhesive is as follows: measure the water in the container according to the ratio, first slowly add the required amount of iron oxide red into the water with a spoon while stirring, until the iron oxide red is completely dissolved in the water, then add the white latex liquid and stir thoroughly to obtain the red adhesive.