Speed breeding lighting for plants and method of photoperiod regulation

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device with a lighting module equipped with dimmable light- emitting diodes (LEDs), a wireless communication hub for seamless connectivity with the lighting module, a microcontroller, and a power source. This allows for regulation of Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) and the specific wavelengths of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR). It provides significant advantages for speed breeding by markedly enhancing the nutritional quality of plants, maximizing yield potential, boosting resilience against biotic and abiotic stresses, and facilitating better adaptation to climate conditions. Furthermore, the present invention also discloses a system and method thereof.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] TITLE OF THE INVENTION: Speed Breeding Lighting for Plants and Method of Photoperiod Regulation

[0003] FIELD OF INVENTION

[0004] The present invention relates to the field of plant breeding technology. The present invention specifically relates to speed breeding. The present invention more particularly relates to a device for speed breeding lighting for plants, designed to provide the necessary brightness or photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and spectrum control in a controlled environment. Furthermore, the present invention introduces a system and method for speed breeding lighting for plants.

[0005] BACKGROUND

[0006] Global climate change coupled with unfavourable abiotic and biotic factors, significantly limits agricultural productivity and add to the challenges faced by crop scientists in meeting the increasing global demand for food. Plant breeding is crucial for the future of agricultural production, as it must effectively address the urgent needs of a growing human population and the realities of climate change. However, the development of suitable cultivars is a necessary but timeconsuming process, largely due to the lengthy generation times of many crops. It is imperative that we streamline this process to ensure a sustainable food supply for the future.

[0007] Speed breeding (SB) is an advanced plant breeding technique that accelerates the development of new crop varieties. SB can produce 4 to 6 generations of plants annually, compared to 1 to 2 in traditional breeding. SB enables the creation of crops with improved nutritional quality, higher yield potential, greater resilience to stresses, and better climate adaptation. Embracing this approach can lead to significant advancements in agriculture.

[0008] Speed breeding is based on fundamental principles of plant physiology, specifically those related to photo-periodism and growth cycles. While the concept of speed breeding through extended light periods to enhance daily photosynthetic accumulation is identified, designing and optimizing suitable light spectra for improved photosynthetic efficiency continues to be a challenge. Designing and obtaining optimized light spectra in speed breeding lighting is challenging, as it influences plant hormone regulation, circadian rhythms, flowering time, vernalization requirements, photoperiod sensitivity, and physiological stress.

[0009] To address the identified limitations, the present invention introduces a device for speed breeding lighting for plants, designed to provide the necessary brightness and spectrum control in a controlled environment. Furthermore, the present invention introduces a suitable system and method for speed breeding lighting for plants.

[0010] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] The other objects, features and advantages will occur to those skilled in the art from the following description of the preferred embodiment and the accompanying drawings in which:

[0012] Figure 1 illustrates the Speed breeding light; light bottom view.

[0013] Figure 2 illustrates the Speed breeding light bottom view.

[0014] Figure 3 illustrates block diagram of device construction for Speed breeding lights.

[0015] Figure 4 illustrates Speed Breeding Unit: Light, grow table with motorized light movement.

[0016] Figure 5 illustrates speed breeding lighting system.

[0017] Figure 6 illustrates Remote Adjustments.

[0018] Figure 7 illustrates Timing and Scheduling with integrated Network Time Protocol (NTP).

[0019] Figure 8 illustrates Printed Circuit Board (PCB).

[0020] Figure 9 illustrates Schematic Drawing of Circuit.

[0021] SUMMARY

[0022] Designing and obtaining optimized light spectra for speed breeding lighting is challenging, as it affects various aspects of plant growth, including hormone regulation, circadian rhythms, flowering time, vernalization requirements, photoperiod sensitivity, and physiological stress.

[0023] To address these limitations, this invention presents a device specifically designed for speed breeding lighting for plants. This device provides the necessary PAR and spectrum control within a controlled environment. Additionally, the invention introduces an effective system and method for implementing speed breeding lighting for plants. The present invention discloses a device (100) for speed breeding lighting for plants in a controlled environment, the device comprising an adjustable lighting module (102) comprising dimmable light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a microcontroller (104) configured with a power source (106); wherein the device controls brightness and spectrum regulation of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) wavelength and wherein the device operates with Network Time Protocol (NTP) Synchronization.

[0024] In one embodiment, the device is further configured with a wireless communication hub (108) configured to a power source (106).

[0025] In one embodiment, the (NTP) Synchronization is operatively coupled to wireless communication hub (108) configured to remote monitor.

[0026] In one embodiment, Network Time Protocol (NTP) synchronization used in the speed breeding lighting system is operatively coupled to the wireless communication hub to ensure the precise and synchronized execution of time-dependent protocols.

[0027] In one embodiment, Photoperiod Duration (Light ON / OFF Times), NTP ensures that all lighting modules across the entire growth facility (which may span multiple chambers) switch ON and OFF simultaneously.

[0028] In one embodiment, the lighting modules across the growth facility spans multiple chambers coupled to the wireless communication hub for Network Time Protocol (NTP) synchronization.

[0029] As protocols are often structured in stages (e.g., Vegetative-Flowering-Ripening), requiring the light spectrum and intensity to change at specific dates or times. The hub pushes a command to the microcontrollers (MCUs) saying, "At 06:00:00 AM on Day 30, switch to Schedule B.

[0030] If three parallel schedules are running (as you mentioned: Schedule 1, 2, and 3), the hub ensures they all stay on their assigned, independent timelines.

[0031] The hub must monitor that a fixture assigned to Schedule 1 (e.g., 22-hour light) does not drift and accidentally adopt the time logic of Schedule 2 (e.g., 18-hour light). NTP is the stable clock reference that keeps the separate schedules reliably partitioned. In one embodiment, the (NTP) Synchronization is operatively coupled to the wireless communication hub (108) configured to optimize -light management.

[0032] In one embodiment, the adjustable lighting module (102) comprises dimmable light-emitting diode (LED) lights configured with a PAR range of up to 0-3000 m-2s-1pmol photons.

[0033] In one embodiment, the adjustable lighting module (102) comprises dimmable light-emitting diode (LED) lights configured with photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) range of 380-740nm.

[0034] In one embodiment, the lighting module (102) configured to control PPFD and PAR wavelength compositions for channels comprising:

[0035] (a) complete PAR (BGR) in a range of 380-740 nm;

[0036] (b)UV-A frequency in a range of 315-405nm;emission peak is at 365nm.

[0037] (c)Blue light in a range of 445-460 nm; emission peak is at 450nm.

[0038] (d)Red light in a range of 655-665 nm; emission peak is at 660nm.

[0039] (e)Far-Red light (FR) in a range of 720-740nm; and emission peak is at 730nm.

[0040] In one embodiment, the device comprises Ultraviolet-A in speed breeding lights.

[0041] In one embodiment, the microcontroller (104) adjusts lighting intensity further configured to connect with a remote Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) for connecting with a plurality of internet of things (loT) device.

[0042] In one embodiment, the controlled environment is a greenhouse based setup.

[0043] In one embodiment, the device is suitable for short day plants.

[0044] In one embodiment, the device is suitable for long day plants.

[0045] In one embodiment, the device is suitable for day-neutral plants.

[0046] One embodiment is a speed breeding lighting system, the system comprising a device (100), comprising an adjustable lighting module (102) configured with dimmable light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a microcontroller (104) configured with a power source (106); wherein the device is further configured with a wireless communication hub (108) configured to a power source (106). wherein the device controls brightness and spectrum regulation of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) wavelength and wherein the device operates with user friendly Network Time Protocol(NTP) Synchronization that functions through remote monitoring adjustments of photoperiods, PAR Intensity, and spectrum ratio. One embodiment is a method for using the device, as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising steps:

[0047] (a) calculating required wavelength for color channel, wherein the color channel are adjusted with 6500K, Blue, Deep Red, Far Red, UV;

[0048] (b)mixing required calculated wavelengths of step (a) for a desired spectral ratio;

[0049] (c) scaling the channel-specific signals with desired spectral ratio of step (c) simultaneously; wherein the microcontroller (104) configured with a power source (106), and wireless communication hub (108) comprising an adjustable lighting module (102) configured with dimmable light-emitting diodes (LEDs); wherein the steps (a), (b) and (c) controls brightness and spectrum regulation of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) wavelength and wherein the device operates with Network Time Protocol(NTP) Synchronization.

[0050] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0051] This section is intended to provide an explanation and description of various possible embodiments of the present invention. The embodiments used herein, and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained more fully with reference to non-limiting embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawing / s and detailed in the following description. The examples used herein are intended only to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments may be practiced and to enable the person skilled in the art to practice the embodiments used herein. Also, the examples / embodiments described herein should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.

[0052] For convenience, the meaning of certain terms and phrases used in here, are provided below. If there is an apparent discrepancy between the usage of a term in the art and its definition provided herein, the definition provided within the specification shall prevail.

[0053] Unless specifically stated otherwise, a process or method comprising multiple steps may include additional steps at the beginning or end of the method or may include additional intervening steps. Also, the steps may be combined, excluded, or performed in an alternate order, as appropriate. In the following detailed description, a reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which the specific embodiments that may be practiced is shown by way of illustration. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments and it is to be understood that other changes may be made without departing from the scope of the embodiments. The following detailed description is therefore not to be taken in a limiting sense.

[0054] Definitions

[0055] The term “Speed Breeding Light” as used herein, refers to specialized lighting designed to create an artificial environment that simulates extended daylight periods, allowing for the acceleration of plant breeding cycles. This is achieved by regulating optimal light intensity, temperature, the duration of day-light or the related factors or a combination thereof.

[0056] The term “photo-morphogenesis” as used herein, refers to the Photo-morphogenesis is the process by which various organisms, including plants, fungi, protists, and bacteria, develop and change their structure and function in response to light. In plants, photo-morphogenesis regulates growth and development throughout their life cycle. This includes processes such as seed germination, seedling development, vegetative architecture, and flowering. It is important to note that photomorphogenesis differs from photosynthesis; while photosynthesis involves using light as an energy source, photo-morphogenesis is about how light influences growth and development. Several genes play a key role in photo-morphogenesis, including photoreceptor genes, genes encoding early signalling intermediates, the pleiotropic genes, and genes that encode downstream effectors.

[0057] The term “Vernalization” as used herein, refers to the process of exposing plants to cold temperatures to promote flowering. This adaptation is beneficial for many plants that are winterannual or biennial. These types of plants begin their growth in one season and bloom in the spring of the following season. To trigger flowering, they must experience a period of cold weather between their initial growth cycle and the flowering stage.

[0058] The term “Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD)” as used herein, refers to a measure wherein PPFD measures the amount of light that reaches the crop canopy within the Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) zone. It indicates how many photosynthetically active photons strike a given surface each second. Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) is the instantaneous measurement of the number of PAR photons (pmol) hitting one square meter per second (pmol.m'2s'1). The critical limits for PPFD are highly variable, depending on the plant species, growth stage, and environmental controls (like CO2 concentration and temperature). Generally, it will range from 200 to 1200 pmol.m'2.s-l

[0059] The term “photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) wavelength” as used herein, refers to the light of wavelengths 400-700 nm and is the portion of the light spectrum utilised by plants for photosynthesis. Photon flux density (PFD) as used herein, is a broader spectrum that includes the range of 350-800 nm, which includes both PPFD and Far-Red (FR) radiation.

[0060] The term “Tunning / Dimming” as used herein, refers to the functions that adjust the colour temperature and brightness of light sources in a lighting control system. Dimming helps create different moods, scenes, and effects, while also reducing glare and saving energy.

[0061] The term “MQTT or Message Queuing Telemetry Transport.” as used herein, refers to a standardized messaging protocol used for machine-to-machine communication. It is commonly utilized by smart sensors, wearables, and other Internet of Things (loT) devices that need to transmit and receive data over networks with limited resources and bandwidth. MQTT is a simple and lightweight messaging protocol that operates on a publish-subscribe model, making it suitable for devices and networks characterized by high latency, low bandwidth, or unreliable connections. The term “NTP or Network Time Protocol” as used herein, refers to an internet protocol designed to synchronize computer clock times across a network. Further, the term to both the protocol itself and the client-server programs that operate on computers.

[0062] The term “photo-alteration” as used herein, refers to manipulations related to Photo-periodism, Photo-tropism, Photo-inhibition, and related phenomena.

[0063] The term “Photo-periodism” as used herein, refers to a phenomenon wherein the plants respond to changes in day length helping them adapt to seasonal changes. This response can include flowering, bud dormancy, and the growth of stems or roots.

[0064] The term “Phototropism” as used herein, refers to a phenomenon wherein the plants grow towards or away from a light source. Shoots, or the above-ground parts of plants, generally grow towards a light source, while roots grow away from it. The term “Photo-inhibition” as used herein, refers to a phenomenon wherein the plants show decrease in the efficiency of photosynthesis due to environmental stresses like extreme temperatures, limited water or nutrients, or salinity. Printed Circuit Board [PCB] : Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is the fundamental mechanical and electrical foundation for all modern electronic devices. It is a rigid, laminated structure that uses conductive pathways, called traces, etched from copper sheets to electrically connect and mechanically support electronic components. The present invention on devise for Speed breeding uses specialized Metal-Core PCB (MCPCB), using an aluminium substrate. The metal core acts as a highly efficient heat sink, quickly pulling the heat generated by the LED chips away from the components. Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) is defined by the range of light wavelengths that plants use for photosynthesis, typically 380nm (UV-A) to 740nm (Far-red).

[0065] The term “calculation for a color channel” or ‘calculating required wavelength for a color channel’ as used herein, refers to the target wavelength range and the resulting spectral power distribution (SPD) for that specific LED channel. The calculation is done terms of selecting an LED component engineered to emit light within a specific, narrow band of the spectrum. In an adjustable lighting module, the Color Channel refers to a group of identical LED chips controlled by a single circuit, all designed to emit light within a specific wavelength band. The "required wavelength" for a color channel is the center wavelength and its associated (nm) of the light emitted by that channel. This determines the color of the channel (e.g., 450nm for Blue, 660nm for Red, 730nm for Farred).

[0066] Embodiments

[0067] Although the embodiments herein are described with various specific embodiments, it will be obvious for a person skilled in the art to practice the embodiments herein with modifications. Designing and obtaining optimized light spectra for speed breeding lighting is challenging, as it affects various aspects of plant growth, including hormone regulation, circadian rhythms, flowering time, vernalization requirements, photoperiod sensitivity, and physiological stress.

[0068] To address these limitations, this invention presents a device specifically designed for speed breeding lighting for plants. This device provides the necessary PAR and spectrum control within a controlled environment. Additionally, the invention introduces an effective system and method for implementing speed breeding lighting for plants. The present invention discloses a device (100) for speed breeding lighting for plants in a controlled environment, the device comprising an adjustable lighting module (102) comprising dimmable light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a microcontroller (104) configured with a power source (106); wherein the device controls brightness and spectrum regulation of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) wavelength and wherein the device operates with Network Time Protocol (NTP) Synchronization.

[0069] In one embodiment, the device is further configured with a wireless communication hub (108) configured to a power source (106).

[0070] In one embodiment, the (NTP) Synchronization is operatively coupledto wireless communication hub (108) configured to remote monitor.

[0071] In one embodiment, Network Time Protocol (NTP) synchronization used in the speed breeding lighting system is operatively coupled to the wireless communication hub to ensure the precise and synchronized execution of time-dependent protocols.

[0072] In one embodiment, Photoperiod Duration (Light ON / OFF Times), NTP ensures that all lighting modules across the entire growth facility (which may span multiple chambers) switch ON and OFF simultaneously.

[0073] In one embodiment, the lighting modules across the growth facility spans multiple chambers coupled to the wireless communication hub for Network Time Protocol (NTP) synchronization.

[0074] In one embodiment, the (NTP) Synchronization is operatively coupled to the wireless communication hub (108) configured to optimize -light management.

[0075] In one embodiment, the adjustable lighting module (102) comprises dimmable light-emitting diode (LED) lights configured with a PAR range of up to 0-3000 m-2s-1pmol photons.

[0076] In one embodiment, the adjustable lighting module (102) comprises dimmable light-emitting diode (LED) lights configured with photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) range of 380-740nm.

[0077] In one embodiment, the lighting module (102) configured to control PPFD and PAR wavelength compositions for channels comprising:

[0078] (a) complete PAR (BGR) in a range of 380-740 nm; (b) UV-A frequency in a range of 315-405nm;emission peak is at 365nm.

[0079] (c) Blue light in a range of 445-460 nm; emission peak is at 450nm.

[0080] (d) Red light in a range of 655-665 nm; andemission peak is at 660nm.

[0081] (e) Far-Red light (FR) in a range of 720-740nm; andemission peak is at 730nm.

[0082] In one embodiment, the device comprises Ultraviolet-A in speed breeding lights.

[0083] In one embodiment, the microcontroller (104) adjusts lighting intensity further configured to connect with a remote Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) for connecting with a plurality of internet of things (loT) device.

[0084] In one embodiment, the controlled environment is a greenhouse based setup.

[0085] In one embodiment, the device is suitable for short day plants.

[0086] In one embodiment, the device is suitable for long day plants.

[0087] In one embodiment, the device is suitable for day-neutral plants.

[0088] One embodiment is a speed breeding lighting system comprising the device, as claimed in claim 1 comprising an adjustable lighting module (102) configured with dimmable light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a microcontroller (104) configured with a power source (106); wherein the device is further configured with a wireless communication hub (108) configured to a power source (106). wherein the device controls brightness and spectrum regulation of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) wavelength and wherein the device operates with user friendly Network Time Protocol(NTP) Synchronization that functions through remote monitoring adjustments of photoperiods, PAR Intensity, and spectrum ratio.

[0089] One embodiment is a method for using the device, as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising steps:

[0090] (a) calculating required wavelength for color channel, wherein the color channel are Adj6500K, Blue, Deep Red, Far Red, UV;

[0091] (b) mixing required calculated wavelengths of step (a) for a desired spectral ratio;

[0092] (c) scaling the channel-specific signals with desired spectral ratio of step (c) simultaneously; wherein the microcontroller (104) configured with a power source (106), and wireless communication hub (108) comprising an adjustable lighting module (102) configured with dimmable light-emitting diodes (LEDs); wherein the steps (a), (b) and (c) controls brightness and spectrum regulation of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) wavelength and wherein the device operates with Network Time Protocol(NTP) Synchronization

[0093] In one embodiment, precision control of brightness and spectrum entails regulation of Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) wavelength.

[0094] In one embodiment, the dimmable light-emitting diode (LED) lights configured with PAR range of up to 0-3000 m-2s-1with maximum 2000 pmol photons m-2s-1at 18-inch distance from the source; and the light spectrum can be adjusted for required ratio of Blue: Green or Blue: Red or Blue: Far-red or Red: Far-red. There by providing different option for light spectrum requirement based on crop of interest for breeding. The changes in Blue:Green:DeepRed:Far-red ratio will help to generate specific light recipe needed for Speed Breeding protocol development.

[0095] In one embodiment, the microcontroller is configured to adjust lighting spectrum in the range of 3 to 5 channels. If 3 comprising BGY:DR:FR, if 4 comprising B:GY:DR:FR, if 5 comprising UV:B:GY:DR:FR in the lighting module; wherein the wireless communication hub is configured to connect with a plurality of loT based devices.

[0096] In one embodiment, the wireless communication hub is configured to connect via Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) for connecting with a plurality of internet of things (loT) device.Light adjustment based on customised inputs depending on crops, stage of the crops, experimental requirements.

[0097] In one embodiment, the device is configured to synchronize with networking protocols; wherein the device is configured with additional support structures.

[0098] In one embodiment, the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) wavelength is tuneable for a range of 0-3000 pmol photons m-2s-1

[0099] In one embodiment, the device optimized for lighting conditions with respect to quality, quantity complemented with reduced energy requirements make it favourable for plant varietal development for speed breeding by improving nutritional quality of plants, enhanced yield potential, better resilience to biotic and abiotic stress, and improved climate adaptation. In one embodiment, the lighting module is configured to receive crop specific PAR value and spectrum.

[0100] In one embodiment, the controlled environment, is a greenhouse or an indoor agriculture setup.

[0101] In one embodiment, the lighting module comprises: UV- Spectrum, light spectrum for Blue, Green, Yellow (BGY), Deep-red(DR) and Far-red(FR) lights.

[0102] In one embodiment, the microcontroller is a ESP32 microcontroller to adjust lighting intensity across four channels, with capabilities for remote MQTT control.

[0103] In one embodiment, the speed breeding lights are suitable for rapid generation advancement through photoperiod alteration (Speed breeding, Speed flowering, Speed Vernalization, Rapid flowering / Rapid vernalization) by promoting plant development through the precise control of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) wavelength.

[0104] In one embodiment, the device enables early flowering for short day crops rice, cotton, which require high-intensity light and low duration, as well as for long day crops like Wheat, Mustard, Barley, Potatoes, Oats and other day-neutral plants like tomatoes, corn, cucumbers, and strawberries.

[0105] In one embodiment, the device exhibits wide light distribution, minimizing variability and optimizing growth.

[0106] In one embodiment, the device exhibits a seamless combination of lighting, control by loT, facilitates remote monitoring and control, optimizing light management.

[0107] In one embodiment, the device provides high-intensity light with minimal heat and power use.

[0108] In one embodiment, the blue light in a range of 400-500 nm is essential for vegetative growth, encouraging bushy and compact plant development.

[0109] In one embodiment, the green light in a range of 500-600 nm aids with photosynthesis and improves plant size, weight, and growth factors.

[0110] In one embodiment, the red light in a range of 600-700 nm is essential for flowering, budding, shade avoidance. In one embodiment, the far-red light (FR) in a range of 700-800 nm.

[0111] In one embodiment, the far-red light (FR) in a range of 700-800 nm is suitable for rapid progression to flowering.

[0112] In one embodiment, the device comprises supporting structures selected from a group comprising direct current (DC) motors, power supplying structures, circuits, pulleys, bearings, steel cables, coupling, light mounting SS pipes, height adjustment switches, industrial push button stations, gear boxes and related structures.

[0113] In one embodiment, the device is a comprehensive design with a plurality of hardware and software components.

[0114] In one embodiment, the device comprises a grow table with motorized light movement.

[0115] In one embodiment, a system comprising the mentioned device for plants with a lighting module equipped with dimmable light-emitting diodes (LEDs), a wireless communication hub for seamless connectivity with the lighting module, a microcontroller, and a power source is disclosed.

[0116] In one embodiment, a method for constructing and using the mentioned device for plants with a lighting module equipped with dimmable light-emitting diodes (LEDs), a wireless communication hub for seamless connectivity with the lighting module, a microcontroller, and a power source is disclosed.

[0117] In one embodiment, the supplemental exposure to specific wavelengths of ultraviolet (UV) light can significantly amplify the flavor and aroma of certain crops. UV light is known to stimulate the production of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and terpenoids, which directly contribute to a plant's flavor and aroma, often resulting in a more desirable taste and scent. Thus, the method can be explored in horticulture to improve crop quality through specific dosages of UV exposure.

[0118] In one embodiment, the exposure to UV radiation is found to increase the production of resins and essential oils in plants cultivated specifically for this purpose.

[0119] In one embodiment, the incorporation of an added UV spectrum shows promotion of growth, improvement in crop quality, increase the production of resins and essential oils in plants and other similar benefits. In one embodiment, theplant’s exposure to artificially controlled light significantly maximises the benefits as such as extending the vegetative stage by delaying flowering or accelerating flowering for crops intended for fruit production. This is because, plants exhibit varied responses to different light qualities, and the benefits derived from these light qualities depend on whether the crop favors vegetative growth (including leaves, roots, and shoots) or reproductive growth (including flowering, fruit, and seed formation).

[0120] In one embodiment, the use of extended light spectrum combinations is utilized to determine an optimal light recipe that enhances plant growth and development in controlled environments. This approach leads to increased yield and improved energy efficiency, contributing to the sustainability of indoor or controlled environment farming practices.

[0121] Examples

[0122] Example 1 - Device for speed breeding lighting for plants: The device for speed breeding lighting for plants (100) is comprised of a polarity of adjustable lighting module (102). The adjustable lighting modules achieved using multi-channel LED fixtures providing the tool for the "Precise Light Control" required by speed breeding protocols. A microcontroller (104) (MCU) functions as the brains of an adjustable lighting module in speed breeding. It is a small, integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input / output peripherals. Its primary role was to automate the precise control of the LED light intensity - photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and spectrum (color) according to the complex, time-sensitive protocols required for rapid plant generation. MCU (104) calculated the required wavelength mixing values for each color channel to mix them and achieve the specific desired spectral ratio (e.g., 80% Red, 20% Blue, 10% Lar-Red) for maximum photosynthetic efficiency. By scaling all the channel-specific signals up or down simultaneously, the MCU controlled the overall electrical power delivered to the LED array, thereby adjusting the total PPFD (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density) incident on the plants. Further, the device was configured to a power source (106). The LEDs must have stable direct current (DC) power to maintain consistent light output, which was enabled by the power source (106), that is configured with wireless communication hub (108). The Wireless Communication Hub served as the central control gateway that connects the individual, tunable LED modules to the user interface (like a computer or mobile app) and other environmental sensors. Its function is to receive complex light schedules from the user and distribute those control commands wirelessly to every light fixture, ensuring synchronized and precise control over the entire growth area.

[0123] Example 2 -Technical specifications of the device (100): Figure 1 illustrates the Light Technical specification; UKSB 450 V4.2 light bottom view. Figure 2 illustrates the Light Technical specification; UKSB 450 V4.2 light bottom view (See Table 1, as shown below). Figure 4 illustrates block diagram of device construction for Speed breeding lights. Figure 5 illustrates Speed Breeding Unit: Light, grow table with motorized light movement.

[0124] "Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) mapping" essentially showing where on a map the most usable light in terms of pmol photons m-2s-1availability on the plants placed on the growing table under speed breeding light; this is crucial for studying plant growth patterns. The below table gives 10% plus or minus PAR values for the Speed breeding light specification (See Table 2& 3, as shown below).

[0125] Table 2 - Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) mapping at 18 inches from canopy (+ / - 10%)

[0126] Table 3 - Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) mapping at 36 inches from canopy (+ / - 10%)

[0127] 435 460 505 530 540 495 515

[0128] 594 654 736 932 884 876 578

[0129] 622 1031 1187 1244 1215 1201 991 762

[0130] 640 848 958 1182 1147 1055 1007 651

[0131] 691 918 1072 1199 1134 1042 904 736

[0132] 608 664 988 990 1012 938 682 575

[0133] 500 525 553 543 530 543 500 515

[0134] Speed breeding light also consists of mechanical light up and down movement for easy of operations. The light set up can be moved up and down depending on the high of the crop kept on the growing table. The light movement is also useful to increase or decrease PAR value required by the specific crops. Moving closer to crop canopy PAR value increases and moving away from crop canopy reduces the PAR value. The movement is essential as the crop kept keep growing and the light has to be adjusted accordingly based on the crop height(See Table 4, as shown below). This specification is for motorized Speed breeding light movement.

[0135] Example 2-Hardware components: The device, system and method for plants is a design with a plurality of hardware components as presented herewith. The hardware components are modular and integrated, consisting of the light fixture itself, the control electronics, and the network communication devices.

[0136] 1. The Light Fixture (LED Module) a) Multi-Channel LEDs: The core output component. These are distinct sets of high-power LED chips, each dedicated to a specific spectral band. Colors / Wavelengths: Typically includes Blue (450nm), Deep Red (660nm), Far Red (730nm), and White (6500K) for broad spectrum and general illumination and UV-A (380nm) as optional for specific requirement. b) Metal Clad Printed circuit boards (MCPCBs) is used, it is the board to which the LEDs are mounted, designed to efficiently dissipate the high heat generated by the powerful light sources. Figure 8 illustrates Printed Circuit Board (PCB). c) Aluminium fixer acting as heat sink integrated to prevent the LEDs from overheating, which protects their lifespan and color consistency.

[0137] 2. Main Light Power Source: 180 to 260 V AC with 50 / 60 Hz with min. 50 to max. 400 watts. ontrol Electronics : a) Microcontroller (MCU):An ESPW room 32U controller embedded in the fixture ESP32 Power Input: 5V D C input b) Role: Stores the light recipes, generates the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) with 4 GPIO pins with PWM (32, 33, 25, 26) signals to brightness control with power input 3.3V ESP32 GPIO c) Brightness range: 0-100% per channel by sending integer values (0-100) to control individual channels. d) LED Driver (Power Source): Converts high-voltage AC current to the low-voltage Constant Current (CC) to DC power required by the LEDs. o Role: Receives the PWM signal from the MCU and adjusts the current to each spectrum channel independently (dimming / tuning the spectrum). e) EMR (Electromagnetic Relay): High-speed electronic switches used to turn the high- power LED driver circuits fully ON or OFF according to the photoperiod schedule. ommunication & Sensing: Figure 9illustrates Schematic Drawing of Circuit. a) Wireless Communication Module: A transceiver chip (Wi-Fi 2.4 Ghz module) that enables the light fixture to send and receive data wirelessly. b) Gateway: Device to Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and MQTT to UrbanKisaanFarmOS, dedicated router that manages the network of all light modules and acts as the bridge between the local light network and the internet. c) MQTT Topics and JSON Payload Structure:

[0138] (a) Individual Control Topics: a. 99 / uksbl / deviceTosys_v2 / <deviceID> / par_adj b. 99 / uksbl / deviceTosys_v2 / <deviceID> / far_red_adj c. 99 / uksbl / deviceTosys_v2 / <deviceID> / deep_red_adj d. 99 / uksbl / deviceTosys_v2 / <deviceID> / 6500k_adj (b) Batch Control Topic: a. 99 / uksbl / deviceTosys_v2 / <deviceID> / all_brightness

[0139] (c) JSON Payload for Batch Control:

[0140] (d) {"PAR ADJ": 80, "FAR RED ADJ": 50, "DEEP RED AD J" : 60, "6500K_ADJ": 100}

[0141] Example 3-Software components:

[0142] The device, system and method for plants is a design with a plurality of software components as presented herewith. The software layer runs on the MCU, the central hub, and the user's remote device to translate scientific protocols into hardware commands.

[0143] 1. Embedded Software (Firmware)

[0144] (a) Operating System / Scheduler: A lightweight OS running on the MCU to maintain realtime operation and manage the Network Time Protocol (NTP) client to ensure all light fixtures are synchronized.

[0145] (b) PWM Generation Algorithm: Code that calculates the precise Duty Cycle needed for each LED channel (Red, Blue, Far Red, etc.) to achieve the desired spectral ratio and overall PAR intensity.

[0146] (c) Control Loops: PPFD values based on percentage and makes minor, immediate adjustments to the light output to maintain the target set-points.

[0147] (d) Communication Protocol Stacks: Libraries that handle Wi-Fi, communications, allowing the MCU to talk to the central hub.

[0148] 2. Central Hub Software

[0149] (a) Database: Stores the complete set of light recipes, schedules, and plant growth information.

[0150] (b) Web Server: The interface that allows the remote user application to interact with the system. (c) Control Logic: Central code that handles the parallel scheduling, translates high-level user inputs ("Accelerated Flowering Protocol 1") into low-level device commands, and pushes them out to the individual light modules via the wireless network.

[0151] 3. User Interface (UI)

[0152] (a) Remote Application (Web Server): The user-facing program used to monitor the system and set the parameters:

[0153] 1. Scheduling Interface: Used to set the photoperiod (light ON / OFF times) and the three sequence schedules.

[0154] 2. Control Sliders / Inputs: Allows the user to adjust parameters like PPFD / PAR intensity, and the specific percentages of Blue, Deep Red, and Far Red light, corresponding to the "set buttons" mentioned.

[0155] Example 4 - Suitability for Long day plants:

[0156] The present invention investigated the suitability for Long day plants. The plant chosen was Wheat. The information regarding the biological material is provided below.

[0157] The long day plant showed the following features evidencing the suitability. a) Increased Photoperiod, adjustable module is programmed to provide a 22-hour light / 2- hour dark cycle, b) High PAR intensity, module drives the LEDs to maintain a high Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD), typically around 450 to 500 pmol.m^.s'1, to support the massive photosynthetic effort over the extended photoperiod. c) Spectrum Ratio. Red:Far-Red (R:FR) ratio in favor of Far-Red, is critical. A low R:FR ratio of (14:1). d) Result. By combining these parameters, researchers can reduce the generation time of wheat from the traditional 4.5-5 months to less than 3 months (80-90 days), allowing for five generations per year instead of one or two. Example 5 - Suitability for dav-neutral plants:

[0158] The present invention investigated the suitability for day-neutral plants. The plant chosen was Hot- pepper. The information regarding the biological material is provided below.

[0159] The day-neutral plant showed the following features evidencing the suitability.

[0160] (a) Extended Photoperiod. Even though it's day-neutral, extending the photoperiod to 20 hours light / 4 hours dark is used.

[0161] (b) High PAR Intensity. The adjustable module provides high Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD), often in the range of 400 to 450 pmol.m^.s'1.

[0162] (c) Spectrum Ratio. Supplementing the light with Far-Red (700-740nm), resulting in a low Red:Far-Red (R:FR) ratio light. Our studies show that using a low R:FR ratio (1.8: 1 or 2: 1) significantly accelerates the time from flowering

[0163] (d) Result. By using this combination, hot pepper breeding first fruit harvest can be reduced from 90-100 days to as low as 65-75 days from seed to viable seed, allowing for up to four generations per year.

[0164] Example 5 - Suitability for short-day plants:

[0165] The present invention investigated the suitability for short-day plants. The plant chosen was Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). The information regarding the biological material is provided below.

[0166] The short-day plants showed the following features evidencing the suitability.

[0167] (a) Photoperiod. The adjustable module is set to an extended photoperiod, typically 18 hours of light / 6 hours dark).

[0168] (b)PAR Intensity . The module provides a high Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD), often in the range of 750-800 pmol.m^.s'1 (c) Spectrum ratio. For initial vegetative growth phase in case of cotton it was observed high R:FR ratio required (7:1). Later for lower R:FR ratio required (3.5: 1) for boll formation Result: Achieved reduction of the generation cycle from the conventional 150-180 days to as low as 95-100 days thereby achieving up to three generations per year.

[0169] Example 6 - Remote monitoring & Network Time Protocol:

[0170] Figure 6 illustrates Remote Adjustments. Figure 7 illustrates Timing and Scheduling with integrated Network Time Protocol (NTP).

[0171] Remote Adjustments: Users can remotely modify the light output using digital control inputs that correspond to specific spectral and intensity parameters.

[0172] Tunable Control Buttons / Settings. White Light Spectrum: Adj6500K for white light (combined wavelength), Individual Wavelengths: Blue, Deep Red, Far Red. Intensity: PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation) intensity, UV Index for UV on and off option.

[0173] Timing and Scheduling: The system allows users to define the time interval duration for light cycles (photoperiod: light ON and light OFF) with high precision. Up to three distinct light schedules can be set and run concurrently on different modules or zones. This capability ensured that the photoperiod and the spectrum combination can be precisely fixed for various experiments or different plant species simultaneously.

[0174] The integrated Network Time Protocol (NTP) : This ensures that all modules operate on a unified, precise time base, allowing the microcontroller in each fixture to execute the three parallel schedules exactly as defined by the user's remote inputs on the spectrum control modules (Adj6500K, Blue, Deep Red, Far Red, UV).

[0175] Example 7-Calculation of required wavelength for desired color channel:

[0176] The light spectrum can be adjusted for required ratio of Blue: Green or Blue: Red or Blue: Far-red or Red: Far-red(A critical ratio for manipulating photomorphogenesis). There by providing different option for light spectrum requirement based on crop of interest for breeding. The changes in Blue:Green:DeepRed:Far-red ratio will help to generate specific light recipe needed for Speed Breeding protocol or for specific functional development, change in photomorphogenesis, secondary metabolite enhancement, optimize vegetative growth, induce or accelerated flowering purpose, enhancing colour development in flowers and fruits, UV-A exposes for improving flavor, aroma, and essential oil yield in certain medicinal, aromatic, and nutraceutical plants. High blue light with high PAR, increase the synthesis of several carotenoids and vitamins in plants, etc.

[0177] Furthermore, "calculating required wavelength" for a color channel involves defining the target wavelength range and the resulting spectral power distribution (SPD) for that specific LED channel.

[0178] The calculation is done terms of selecting an LED component engineered to emit light within a specific, narrow band of the spectrum. In an adjustable lighting module, the Color Channel refers to a group of identical LED chips controlled by a single circuit, all designed to emit light within a specific wavelength band. The "required wavelength" for a color channel is the center wavelength and its associated (nm) of the light emitted by that channel. This determines the color of the channel (e.g., 450nm for Blue, 660nm for Red, 730nm for Farred).

[0179] Light adjustment based on customised inputs depending on crops, stage of the crops, experimental requirements as presented below. The blue light in a range of 400-500 nm is essential for vegetative growth, encouraging bushy and compact plant development suppresses stem elongation). The green light in a range of 500-600 nm aids with photosynthesis and improves plant size, weight, and overall growth factors. The red light in a range of 600-700 nm is essential for flowering, budding. The far- red light (FR) in a range of 700-800 nm.is suitable for rapid progression to flowering, shade avoidance (stem stretching).

[0180] Therefore, the lighting module (102) is configured to control PPFD and PAR wavelength compositions for channels comprising:

[0181] (a) complete PAR (BGR) in a range of 380-740 nm;

[0182] (b) UV-A frequency in a range of 315-405nm; emission peak is at 365nm.

[0183] (c) Blue light in a range of 445-460 nm; emission peak is at 450nm.

[0184] (d) Red light in a range of 655-665 nm; emission peak is at 660nm. (e) Far-Red light (FR) in a range of 720-740nm; and emission peak is at 730nm.

[0185] Advantages of the Present Invention:

[0186] The present invention is important for the plant growth, shape, development and flowering (photo-morphogenesis).

[0187] The present invention aids in achieving Rapid Generation Advancement through Photoperiod alteration.

[0188] The speed breeding light of the present invention promotes plant development through the precise control of Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) wavelength composition and parameters.

[0189] The speed breeding light of the present invention promotes Speed breeding, Speed flowering, Speed Vernalization, Rapid flowering, Rapid vernalization and related benefits.

[0190] V The speed breeding light of the present invention manipulates the plant physiology related to Photo-periodism, Photo-tropism, Photo-inhibition, and related phenomena for better growth and yield.

Claims

We Claim:

1. A device (100) for speed breeding lighting for plants in a controlled environment, the device comprising an adjustable lighting module (102) comprising dimmable lightemitting diodes (LEDs) and a microcontroller (104) configured with a power source (106); wherein the device controls brightness and spectrum regulation of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) wavelength and wherein the device operates with Network Time Protocol (NTP) Synchronization.

2. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device is further configured with a wireless communication hub (108) configured to a power source (106).

3. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the (NTP) Synchronization is configured to wireless communication hub (108) configured to remote monitor.

4. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the (NTP) Synchronization is configured to the wireless communication hub (108) configured to optimize -light management.

5. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adjustable lighting module (102) comprises dimmable light-emitting diode (LED) lights configured with a PAR range of up to 0-3000 m-2s-1pmol photons.

6. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adjustable lighting module (102) comprises dimmable light-emitting diode (LED) lights configured with photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) range of 380-740nm.

7. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lighting module (102) configured to control PPFD and PAR wavelength compositions for channels comprising:(f) complete PAR (BGR) in a range of 380-740 nm;(g) UV-A frequency in a range of 315-405nm;(h) Blue light in a range of 445-460 nm;(i) Red light in a range of 655-665 nm; and(j) Far-Red light (FR) in a range of 720-740nm.

8. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device comprises Ultraviolet-A in speed breeding lights.

9. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microcontroller (104) adjusts lighting intensity further configured to connect with a remote Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) for connecting with a plurality of internet of things (loT) device.

10. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controlled environment is a greenhouse based setup.

11. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device is suitable for short day plants.

12. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device is suitable for long day plants.

13. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device is suitable for day-neutral plants.

14. A speed breeding lighting system comprising a device (100), wherein the device comprises an adjustable lighting module (102) configured with dimmable light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a microcontroller (104) configured with a power source (106); wherein the device is further configured with a wireless communication hub (108) configured to a power source (106); wherein the device controls brightness and spectrum regulation of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) wavelength and wherein the device operates with user friendly Network Time Protocol(NTP) Synchronization that functions through remote monitoring adjustments of photoperiods, PAR Intensity, and spectrum ratio; and a user interface.

15. The speed breeding lighting system of claim 14, wherein the user interface comprises a scheduling interface configured to set photoperiod parameters including light ON / OFF times and sequence schedules; and control sliders enabling the user to adjust parameters such as PPFD / PAR intensity.

16. A method for using the device, as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising steps:(d) calculating required wavelength for color channel, wherein the color channel are Adj6500K, Blue, Deep Red, Far Red, UV;(e) mixing required calculated wavelengths of step (a) for a desired spectral ratio;(f) scaling the channel-specific signals with desired spectral ratio of step (c) simultaneously; wherein the microcontroller (104) configured with a power source (106), and wireless communication hub (108) comprising an adjustable lighting module (102) configured with dimmable light-emitting diodes (LEDs); wherein the steps (a), (b) and (c) controls brightness and spectrum regulation of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR)wavelength and wherein the device operates with Network Time Protocol(NTP) Synchronization.

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