Method and apparatus for exchanging quality of service information about offloading

Abstract

A method for performing wireless communication by a first device and an apparatus supporting same are provided. The method may comprise the steps of: transmitting, to a second device, request information for offloading; and receiving, from the second device, first quality-of-service (QoS) information related to the offloading. For example, the first QoS information related to the offloading may include information related to at least one of availability and the response time associated with the offloading.

Description

Method and device for exchanging offloading service quality information

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR is a successor technology to LTE (long term evolution) and is a new clean-slate type mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, ranging from low frequency bands below 1 GHz to mid-frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, and high frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT (internet of things) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy requirements such as those shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 may represent an example of the requirements for a 6G system.

[0004] Per device peak data rate 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100 bps / Hz Mobility support up to 1000 km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully Autonomous vehicle Fully XR Fully Haptic communication Fully

[0005] In one embodiment, a method is provided in which a first device performs wireless communication. The method may include the step of transmitting request information for offloading to a second device; and the step of receiving first Quality of Service (QoS) information related to the offloading from the second device. For example, the first QoS information related to the offloading may include information related to at least one of availability related to the offloading or response time related to the offloading.

[0006] In one embodiment, a first device configured to perform wireless communication is provided. The first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the first device may: transmit request information for offloading to a second device; and receive first Quality of Service (QoS) information related to the offloading from the second device. For example, the first QoS information related to the offloading may include information related to at least one of availability related to the offloading or response time related to the offloading.

[0007] In one embodiment, a processing device configured to control a first device is provided. The processing device comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: transmit request information for offloading to a second device; and receive first Quality of Service (QoS) information related to the offloading from the second device. For example, the first QoS information related to the offloading may include information related to at least one of availability related to the offloading or response time related to the offloading.

[0008] In one embodiment, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium is provided for recording instructions. When the instructions are executed, the first device may: transmit request information for offloading to a second device; and receive first Quality of Service (QoS) information related to the offloading from the second device. For example, the first QoS information related to the offloading may include information related to at least one of availability related to the offloading or response time related to the offloading.

[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0010] FIG. 2 shows a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] FIG. 3 shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 4 illustrates a method for off-board to report measured and predicted QoS to on-board according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 5 illustrates a method for reporting QoS measured and predicted by the onboard to the offboard according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 6 illustrates a method for exchanging offloading QoS between onboard and offboard according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of an operation for exchanging QoS information when predicting QoS onboard, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of the operation of exchanging QoS information when predicting QoS offboard according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 9 illustrates a method in which a first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 10 illustrates a method in which a second device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 11 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 12 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 13 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 14 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 15 shows a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 16 shows a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in the present disclosure, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in the present disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0026] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in the present disclosure may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C."

[0027] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B."

[0028] Additionally, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Additionally, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0029] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, the "control information" of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0030] In the following explanation, 'when, if, in case of' can be replaced with 'based on'.

[0031] Technical features described individually within one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0032] In the present disclosure, a higher layer parameter may be a parameter that is set for the terminal, pre-set, or pre-defined. For example, a base station or a network may transmit the higher layer parameter to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameter may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0033] In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being pre-configured to a device. In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaled control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being pre-configured to a device.

[0034] In the present disclosure, user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0035] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications), GPRS (general packet radio service), and EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0036] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technology and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems may have key factors such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications), mMTC (massive machine-type communication), AI (artificial intelligence) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0037] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0038] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, the first device and the second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device may be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device may be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device may perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device may detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted according to a rule predefined by the second device. Here, for example, the synchronization signal may include a plurality of synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, etc.) classified according to structure or use. Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., cell identifier).

[0039] In step S103, the first device may obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device that are necessary to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting the system information prior to receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of the system information may be performed after a random access procedure described later.

[0040] In step S105, the first device and the second device may perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device may transmit and / or receive at least one message for the random access procedure (e.g., random access preamble, random access response message, etc.) based on information related to the random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device may transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, and the first device may receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2). The first device may transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) containing information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device may receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgB).

[0041] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer controlling the connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer handling mapping between a logical channel and a transmission channel (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer handling a physical channel (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling to establish a connection, signaling to determine settings related to communication, and / or signaling to indicate allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted through a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0042] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process data based on signaling of control information and transmit and / or receive it. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, antenna-specific waveform demodulation, signal placement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0043] For example, the layers of the radio interface protocol between the first device and the second device can be classified into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the radio resource control (RRC) layer located at layer 3 can perform the role of controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. To this end, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0044] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted. For example, FIG. 2(a) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and FIG. 2(b) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, FIG. 2(c) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for device-to-device communication, and FIG. 2(d) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0045] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using a physical channel. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the MAC (medium access control) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through a transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through a wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted through a physical channel between different physical layers (e.g., between the physical layers of a first device and a second device). For example, the physical channel can be modulated using the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) method, and time and frequency can be utilized as wireless resources.

[0046] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the RLC (radio link control) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide mapping functions from multiple logical channels to multiple transmission channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide logical channel multiplexing functions through mapping from multiple logical channels to a single transmission channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services over logical channels.

[0047] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee various quality of service (QoS) required by a radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer can provide three modes of operation: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat requests (ARQ).

[0048] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer may be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer may be responsible for controlling logical channels, transmission channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. For example, RB may refer to a logical path provided by the first layer (e.g., physical layer) and the second layer (e.g., MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transfer between a first device and a second device.

[0049] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include the delivery of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include the delivery of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0050] For example, the establishment of an RB can mean the process of defining the characteristics of the wireless protocol layer and channel to provide specific services, and setting each specific parameter and method of operation. For example, an RB can be divided into two types: an SRB (signaling radio bearer) and a DRB (data radio bearer). For example, an SRB can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, and a DRB can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0051] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) that transmits system information and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages for a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted via a downlink SCH or via a separate multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) that transmits initial control messages and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above the transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0052] FIG. 3 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0053] As core implementation technologies for 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (Terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0054] - Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0055] - THz Communication: Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz-3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the optical band, it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies that can overcome range limitations.

[0056] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0057] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0058] - Optical wireless technology

[0059] - Free Space Optical Transmission Backhaul Network (FSO backhaul network)

[0060] - Quantum communication

[0061] - Cell-free communication

[0062] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0063] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0064] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0065] - Big data analysis

[0066] - Reconfigurable intelligent metasurface

[0067] - Metaverse

[0068] - blockchain

[0069] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing Urban Air Mobility (UAM), Regional Air Mobility (RAM), and Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS). For example, AAM may include UAM, RAM, UAS, and UAVs (uncrewed aerial vehicles).

[0070] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a core element of building autonomous driving infrastructure, refers to technologies that enable vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road to perform autonomous driving, such as wireless communication between vehicles (vehicle to vehicle, V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (vehicle to infrastructure, V2I).

[0071] - Non-terrestrial Network (NTN): An NTN may refer to a network or network segment that utilizes RF (radio frequency) resources mounted on a satellite (or UAS platform). The use of NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or to provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0072] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)

[0073] - Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS): An RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in a wireless communication environment. For example, an RIS can be composed of many small antennas or metasurfaces arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc., of the reflected signal. For instance, an RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or strength of the propagating signal. For instance, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For instance, since an RIS can be reconfigured to suit various environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0074] Meanwhile, as the performance of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) improves in the automotive industry, there is a shift from combinations of distributed individual ECUs to integrated, high-performance central ECUs. Simultaneously, there is active interest and development in Software Defined Vehicles (SDVs), which define and control vehicle functions through software. While conventional vehicles were designed with a hardware-centric approach, SDVs integrate internal and external systems into software, enabling flexible control of various functions such as autonomous driving, infotainment, and driver assistance systems. Similar to the smartphone revolution, this offers the advantage of continuously improving functionality through software updates and is expected to play a crucial role in future mobility, particularly in autonomous vehicles. Simply put, SDVs will allow for easier delivery of continuous performance improvements and new features to consumers through software updates and upgrades, without requiring changes to the vehicle's mechanical components (e.g., chassis, drivetrain, braking system, steering system, exterior, etc.). Alternatively, for example, by continuously monitoring and updating / upgrading the software of the ECU used for engine control, vehicle fuel efficiency can be improved and emissions reduced to meet environmental regulations. Furthermore, for example, driving performance and the safety of drivers and passengers can be enhanced through software updates / upgrades of Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Automated Driving Systems (ADS).

[0075] Meanwhile, as SDVs become more widespread, it may be possible to introduce new features or improve existing ones through software updates or upgrades without replacing mechanical parts; however, the capabilities of electric and electronic components (e.g., computation, memory, power, etc.) required by the updated or upgraded software may increase. For instance, technological advancements will increase the computing power required by the functions and software of new vehicles, and to power them, new vehicles will require onboard units and peripherals (e.g., ECUs, memory, batteries, etc.) with increased computing power. However, the computing resources and capabilities of onboard units installed in existing SDVs are limited, and installing high-performance onboard units from the outset to anticipate high future requirements may lead to cost issues. To address this, offboard computation or offloading can be utilized.

[0076] However, since data exchange is required for a vehicle to offload functions / software, it is inevitably dependent on network performance (e.g., latency, packet loss / error, throughput, etc.). For example, when offloading specific vehicle functions / software for computation offboard (e.g., server, cloud, etc.), the vehicle transmits its own unprocessed information / data (e.g., sensor data) to the offboard (e.g., server, cloud, third-party system, etc.) and receives the information processed offboard to use the offloaded functions. Furthermore, for example, not only the network performance between the vehicle and the offboard but also the computing performance of the offboard can affect the overall quality of the offloading service. For instance, if the quality of service (e.g., QoS) of the offloading—including the computing performance or network performance of the offboard—is poor, the functions / software may not be able to be executed stably and smoothly. For example, in autonomous driving systems directly linked to vehicle safety, latency and reliability are critical factors. However, if onboard computations are offloaded, data transmission and processing take time, which can lead to delays in situations requiring real-time operation. Furthermore, immediate responses are required in situations such as emergency braking or collision avoidance; if the quality of the offloading service is poor, offboard computations may struggle to meet these demands. Additionally, for instance, if a vehicle is located in the outskirts of an urban area or in a region with weak network coverage, data transmission may be unreliable or impossible. This can disrupt the vehicle's autonomous driving functions or real-time data processing, posing a significant safety risk.

[0077] The present disclosure proposes a method for measuring and / or predicting and reporting the quality of service (e.g., QoS) when a vehicle performs offboard computing or offloading its own functions or software, and an apparatus supporting the same. Here, "vehicle" may refer to the vehicle's onboard and local devices, and "offboard" may refer to an external system other than a local device; offboard computing or offloading may refer to data processing taking place on an offboard device / system (e.g., server, cloud) which is an external device / system of the device where the data was generated (e.g., vehicle, onboard). For example, computing resources may include all components and information necessary to execute the vehicle's functions / software, including computing devices (e.g., CPU, GPU, etc.), storage devices (e.g., RAM, SSD, HDD, etc.), power (e.g., battery, power device, etc.), platforms (e.g., digital twin, simulation tool, etc.), and information / data (e.g., traffic information, statistics-based database, etc.). For example, vehicle functions / software requiring high performance, such as data analysis, remote or autonomous driving, and user convenience features, can be executed by utilizing extended off-board computing resources rather than the limited on-board computing resources within the vehicle.

[0078] In addition, the present disclosure proposes a method for measuring and / or predicting the service quality of offloading and an apparatus supporting the same, so that a vehicle can stably execute high-performance functions / software utilizing offloading. In this case, for example, the service quality of offloading may refer to the communication / network performance between the vehicle's onboard and offboard, the computational performance of the offboard, the availability of the offboard, etc.

[0079] In addition, the present disclosure proposes a method and apparatus that support the measurement and / or prediction of service quality on a predicted / planned path of a vehicle and the exchange of results between a user (e.g., vehicle onboard) and a computing resource provider (e.g., offboard) regarding a series of processes in which the onboard of a vehicle performs offloading (e.g., transmitting onboard data to offboard) and the offboard performs computation on the received data and then transmits the result to the onboard.

[0080] For example, when a calculation for a specific function / software is determined or performed off-board rather than on-board, the vehicle's on-board can upload information / data for the calculation to the off-board (e.g., cloud, server, third-party system, etc.), and the off-board, upon receiving this, can transmit the calculation result data to the vehicle's on-board after performing a specific function (e.g., data processing, etc.). Furthermore, for example, the vehicle's on-board can receive the value calculated off-board and perform the corresponding function / software. In summary, according to the embodiment of the present disclosure described below, the service quality related to the process in which the vehicle's on-board transmits unprocessed data, the off-board performs a calculation, and the vehicle's on-board receives processed data from the off-board can be measured and predicted, thereby predicting performance degradation that may occur during future off-board operations and preparing to ensure that the vehicle's functions operate smoothly.

[0081] The method for measuring and / or predicting service quality proposed in this disclosure may be one or a combination of one or more of the methods listed below.

[0082] For example, a route can be predicted using vehicle status information, or sections and / or areas requiring prediction can be selected based on the predicted / planned route provided by the vehicle. As a method for predicting offloading service quality, the offloading service quality (e.g., QoS) can be measured and / or predicted based on statistical modeling, simulation, real-time data, or machine learning / artificial intelligence. For example, the onboard can measure and / or predict the offloading service quality based on the vehicle status, location, and (predicted / planned) route transmitted to the offboard when an offloading request is made. Alternatively, for example, based on status messages provided by the onboard (e.g., SAE J2945-based BSM (Basic Safety Message) or ETSI TS 103 900-based CAM (Cooperative Awareness Message)), the offboard can estimate the vehicle's predicted / planned route and measure and / or predict the offloading service quality based on this. Alternatively, for example, the service quality of a vehicle can be predicted based on service quality reports from other users along the vehicle's current location and the predicted / planned route. Alternatively, for example, future offloading service quality corresponding to the vehicle's predicted / planned route can be predicted based on statistical modeling created from historical offloading service quality data. Alternatively, for example, in network service blind spots, the area can be identified based on past service quality levels, and QoS can be predicted according to the vehicle's driving route. Alternatively, for example, linear regression or time series analysis can be performed using historical QoS data or QoS data from adjacent areas, and machine learning and / or artificial intelligence can be used to predict the QoS of that area. Alternatively, for example, onboard / offboard can predict the amount of future offloading data (e.g., the amount of unprocessed data requiring offboard computation).For example, the QoS of a corresponding area along the path can be predicted based on historical data showing an increase in the computational volume of requested functions / software in a specific area. Alternatively, for example, the onboard system can measure and / or predict the quality of offloading services corresponding to the vehicle's status and route based on offloading execution data. Alternatively, for example, the offboard system can predict the quality of services related to computing resources based on the current and / or predicted availability of offboard computing resources. Alternatively, for example, the amount of offloading requested from a single offboard system can be predicted, and the quality of offloading services with a single onboard system can be predicted based on the total amount of offloading required for processing.

[0083] The method of exchanging information related to service quality proposed in this disclosure may vary, such as the method described in the embodiment of FIG. 4 or the embodiment of FIG. 5 described below.

[0084] FIG. 4 illustrates a method for off-board to report measured and predicted QoS to on-board according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0085] Referring to FIG. 4, if the vehicle's onboard determines that it is impossible to execute a specific function / software using only onboard computing resources, the vehicle's onboard may send an offboard request to request an operation (e.g., offboard operation) related to the specific function / software to the offboard. For example, upon receiving an offboard request from the onboard, the offboard may allocate its computing resources for the onboard. For example, when the allocation of computing resources for the onboard is completed at the offboard, the offboard may send an offboard approval to the onboard. For example, the vehicle's onboard may initiate an offboard procedure based on receiving the offboard approval. For example, if the vehicle's onboard measures and acquires data (e.g., unprocessed data) based on one or more sensors mounted on the vehicle, the vehicle's onboard may transmit the data to the offboard. For example, the vehicle's onboard may transmit unprocessed data to the offboard for offboarding. For example, the off-board, having received unprocessed data from the on-board, can perform off-board operations based on computing resources allocated for the on-board. For example, if the off-board obtains processed data based on off-board operations on the unprocessed data, the off-board can transmit the processed data to the on-board.

[0086] In this case, for example, the offboard can measure and predict quality information (or offloading QoS information) of the offloading service requested by the onboard. For example, the quality of the offloading service can be measured and predicted from a series of processes in which unprocessed data is received from the onboard, offboard operations on the unprocessed data are performed, or processed data is transmitted to the onboard. For example, the offboard can transmit the measured and predicted offloading QoS information to the onboard. For example, the offloading QoS information may include QoS information related to communication / network (e.g., data transmission rate, latency, packet loss rate, packet error rate, throughput, jitter, etc.) or QoS information related to the offboard (e.g., availability, response time, throughput, scalability, estimated power consumption, etc.). Additionally, for example, if the offboard measures and predicts the offloading QoS information and transmits it to the onboard, the offloading QoS information may further include status information of the offboard (e.g., status of the offboard's computing resources). Meanwhile, for example, the onboard, having received off-loading QoS information from the offboard, can execute specific functions / software based on the off-loading QoS information. In this case, for example, the onboard can perform changes to the driving path based on the off-loading QoS information to reliably execute the specific functions / software.

[0087] FIG. 5 illustrates a method for reporting QoS measured and predicted by the onboard to the offboard according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0088] Referring to FIG. 5, if the vehicle's onboard determines that it is impossible to execute a specific function / software using only onboard computing resources, the vehicle's onboard may send an offboard request to request an operation (e.g., offboard operation) related to the specific function / software to the offboard. For example, upon receiving an offboard request from the onboard, the offboard may allocate its computing resources for the onboard. For example, when the allocation of computing resources for the onboard from the offboard is completed, the offboard may send an offboard approval to the onboard. For example, the vehicle's onboard may initiate an offboard procedure based on receiving the offboard approval. For example, if the vehicle's onboard measures and acquires data (e.g., unprocessed data) based on one or more sensors mounted on the vehicle, the vehicle's onboard may transmit the data to the offboard. For example, the vehicle's onboard may transmit unprocessed data to the offboard for offboarding. For example, the off-board, having received unprocessed data from the on-board, can perform off-board operations based on computing resources allocated for the on-board. For example, if the off-board obtains processed data based on off-board operations on the unprocessed data, the off-board can transmit the processed data to the on-board.

[0089] In this case, for example, the onboard can measure and predict quality information (or offloading QoS information) of the offloading service requested from the offboard through a series of processes in which unprocessed data is transmitted to the offboard or processed data is received from the offboard. For example, the onboard can transmit the measured and predicted offloading QoS information to the offboard. For example, the offloading QoS information may include QoS information related to communication / network (e.g., data transmission rate, latency, packet loss rate, packet error rate, throughput, jitter, etc.) or QoS information related to the offboard (e.g., availability, response time, throughput, scalability, estimated power consumption, etc.). Additionally, for example, when the onboard measures and predicts and transmits offloading QoS information to the offboard, the offloading QoS information may further include status information of the onboard (e.g., onboard ID, onboard location, onboard planned / expected path, onboard computing resource status, etc.). Meanwhile, for example, the offboard component that receives offloading QoS information from the onboard component can execute specific functions / software based on the offloading QoS information. In this case, for example, the offboard component can schedule the allocation of computing resources for the onboard component or the execution of offboard operations based on the offloading QoS information.

[0090] For example, a protocol and / or interface between the vehicle's onboard and offboard may be required to exchange the measured and predicted quality of service of offloading. Accordingly, the present disclosure proposes exchanging messages containing information described below. For example, each piece of information described below may include a measured and analyzed present value and / or a predicted value for the future.

[0091] For example, service quality information regarding communication / network performance is as follows.

[0092] (1) Transmission rate

[0093] - (Uplink) The speed at which data is transferred from onboard to offboard

[0094] - (Downlink) Speed ​​of data transfer from off-board to on-board

[0095] (2) Latency

[0096] - (Uplink) Time taken to transmit onboard data to offboard

[0097] - (Download Link) Time taken to transfer data processed off-board to on-board

[0098] - For example, delay time may include processing delay, queuing delay, transmission delay, and propagation delay.

[0099] (3) Packet loss rate

[0100] - (Uplink) The ratio of onboard data transmitted to offboard that did not reach the destination packets.

[0101] - (Downlink) The ratio of packets that did not reach the onboard among the data transmitted from offboard to onboard

[0102] (4) Packet error rate

[0103] - (Uplink) The ratio of error packets among the data transmitted from onboard to offboard

[0104] - (Download Link) Ratio of error packets among data transmitted from off-board to on-board

[0105] (5) Throughput

[0106] - (Uplink, Downlink) The amount of data that can be processed in the network connecting the onboard and offboard.

[0107] (6) Jitter

[0108] - (Uplink) Variation in the time interval for data packets to arrive from onboard to offboard

[0109] - (Downlink) Variation in the time interval for data packets to arrive from offboard to onboard

[0110] In addition, for example, the quality of service information regarding off-board computing performance is as follows.

[0111] (1) Availability

[0112] - Continuity of off-board computations available on board

[0113] (2) Response time

[0114] - The time it takes for the off-board to provide a response to the on-board, including computation time, after receiving a request from the on-board.

[0115] (3) throughput

[0116] - Amount of data that can be processed offboard

[0117] (4) Scalability

[0118] - The ability of offboard to expand or contract resources at the request of onboard

[0119] - Current and predicted availability / allocation ratios of off-board computing resources (e.g., resource type, size, and spec, etc.)

[0120] For example, when QoS is measured and predicted onboard and transmitted to offboard, vehicle status information may be included, and when QoS is measured and predicted offboard and transmitted to onboard, offboard status information may be included.

[0121] For example, examples of information included in offloading QoS exchange messages are as shown in Table 2 below.

[0122] Vehicle Status (Optional) ID, Position, Planned / Predicted Route, Onboard Resource Status, Offboard Status (Optional), Resource Status, Communication / Network QoS, Data Transmission Rate, Latency - Present Value - Predicted Value, Packet Loss Rate, Packet Error Rate, Throughput, Jitter, Offboard QoS, Availability, Response Time, Throughput, Scalability, Predicted Power Consumption

[0123] FIG. 6 illustrates a method for exchanging offloading QoS between onboard and offboard according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0124] For example, as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 6 described below, when a high-performance driving function (e.g., SAE Level 4 autonomous driving) is offloaded from a vehicle, that is, when the vehicle performs offboard computations for driving and safety-related functions / software, if the communication / network performance QoS including packet loss or transmission speed and the offboard computation performance QoS are predicted and exchanged, the driving and safety-related functions / software can be operated stably by preparing for low QoS in advance onboard and offboard.

[0125] Referring to FIG. 6, the vehicle onboard (610) can transmit vehicle status information or a V2X message (e.g., BSM, CAM, etc.) containing status information to the offboard (620) upon an offloading request. For example, the offboard (620) can estimate the vehicle's predicted / planned path based on the vehicle's status information. For example, the offboard (620) can predict the offloading QoS on the vehicle's predicted path based on statistical modeling generated based on past QoS data and real-time QoS data. For example, when the planned path (630) is calculated, the vehicle may pass through an urban area (640) and a service blind spot (650). In this case, for example, when the vehicle passes through the urban area (640), it may be expected that the amount of offboard computation will increase, and as a result, it may be predicted that the QoS will decrease. Additionally, for example, when a vehicle enters a service blind spot (650), it may be predicted that the communication / network performance QoS will decrease. For example, if the QoS on the vehicle's path is predicted in advance from offboard (620) and transmitted to the vehicle, the vehicle can prepare in advance so that driving and safety-related functions / software operate smoothly in response to future low offboard QoS. For example, offboard operations can be switched to onboard or the path can be changed.

[0126] Alternatively, for example, the onboard system can calculate the vehicle's planned route and predict the QoS along the route based on previous offloading services, then transmit this information to the offboard system. In this case, for instance, the offboard system can allocate more offboard computing resources or perform a larger amount of computation in advance before entering urban areas and / or service-blind zones. For instance, this behavior can support the smooth operation of the vehicle's high-performance functions or software.

[0127] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an operation for exchanging QoS information when predicting QoS onboard, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0128] Referring to FIG. 7, in step S710, the onboard can calculate an expected / planned path based on vehicle status information and measure the current QoS related to offloading based thereon. In step S720, the onboard can measure and / or predict the QoS corresponding to the vehicle's expected / planned path based on statistical modeling, real-time QoS, simulation, or artificial intelligence. In step S730, the onboard can transmit the current and / or predicted QoS to the offboard. In step S740, the offboard, having received the QoS prediction information from the onboard, can control and manage functions / software based on the predicted value.

[0129] FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of an operation for exchanging QoS information when predicting QoS offboard, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0130] Referring to FIG. 8, at step S810, the onboard can transmit information to the offboard to request vehicle status information and / or offboard computing resources. At step S820, the offboard can measure and / or predict the QoS corresponding to the vehicle's expected / planned path based on statistical modeling, real-time QoS, simulation, or artificial intelligence. At step S830, the offboard can transmit the current and / or predicted QoS to the onboard. At step S840, the vehicle, having received the QoS prediction information from the offboard, can control and manage functions / software based on the predicted value.

[0131] FIG. 9 illustrates a method in which a first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0132] Referring to FIG. 9, at step S910, the first device may transmit request information for offloading to the second device. At step S910, the first device may receive first Quality of Service (QoS) information related to the offloading from the second device. For example, the first QoS information related to the offloading may include information related to at least one of availability related to the offloading or response time related to the offloading.

[0133] For example, availability related to the offloading above may include whether the first device can continuously use the offboard operations of the second device.

[0134] For example, the response time associated with the offloading may include at least one of the time associated with receiving unprocessed data from the first device to the second device, offboard operation of the second device, or transmission of processed data from the second device to the first device.

[0135] For example, the first QoS information related to the offloading above can be obtained based on the reception of unprocessed data from the first device to the second device and the transmission of processed data from the second device to the first device.

[0136] For example, the first QoS information related to the offloading may be obtained based on information related to the planned path of the first device or information related to the expected path of the first device. For example, information related to the planned path of the first device or information related to the expected path of the first device may be obtained based on the status information of the first device transmitted from the first device to the second device.

[0137] For example, the first QoS information related to the offloading may be obtained based on QoS information reported from one or more devices in the planned path or expected path of the first device.

[0138] For example, the first QoS information related to the offloading may further include information related to at least one of (i) transmission speed, (ii) delay time, (iii) packet loss rate, (iv) packet error rate, (v) throughput, or (vi) jitter, which are measured based on the reception of unprocessed data from the first device to the second device and the transmission of processed data from the second device to the first device.

[0139] For example, the first QoS information related to the offloading above may be obtained based on at least one of statistical modeling, simulation, real-time data, machine learning, or artificial intelligence.

[0140] For example, the first QoS information related to the offloading above may be obtained based on previously reported QoS information in the area where the first device is located.

[0141] For example, based on the first QoS information related to the offloading above, software related to at least one of driving or safety of the first device may be executed.

[0142] For example, based on the first QoS information related to the offloading, the amount of data offloaded from the first device to the second device or the driving path of the first device may be changed.

[0143] Additionally, for example, the first device may transmit unprocessed data to the second device. And, for example, the first device may receive processed data from the second device. And, for example, the first device may transmit second QoS information related to the offloading, obtained based on the transmission of the unprocessed data and the reception of the processed data, to the second device. For example, based on the second QoS information related to the offloading, the allocation of computing resources of the second device for the offloading or offboard operations of the second device may be scheduled.

[0144] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, a processor (102) of a first device (100) may control a transceiver (106) to transmit request information for offloading to a second device. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control a transceiver (106) to receive first Quality of Service (QoS) information related to the offloading from the second device. For example, the first QoS information related to the offloading may include information related to at least one of availability related to the offloading or response time related to the offloading.

[0145] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the first device may: transmit request information for offloading to a second device; and receive first Quality of Service (QoS) information related to the offloading from the second device. For example, the first QoS information related to the offloading may include information related to at least one of availability related to the offloading or response time related to the offloading.

[0146] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the first device may: transmit request information for offloading to a second device; and receive first Quality of Service (QoS) information related to the offloading from the second device. For example, the first QoS information related to the offloading may include information related to at least one of availability related to the offloading or response time related to the offloading.

[0147] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the first device may: transmit request information for offloading to a second device; and receive first Quality of Service (QoS) information related to the offloading from the second device. For example, the first QoS information related to the offloading may include information related to at least one of availability related to the offloading or response time related to the offloading.

[0148] FIG. 10 illustrates a method in which a second device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0149] Referring to FIG. 10, at step S1010, the second device may receive request information for offloading from the first device. At step S1020, the second device may receive Quality of Service (QoS) information related to the offloading from the first device. For example, the QoS information related to the offloading may include at least one of (i) the ID of the first device, (ii) the location of the first device, (iii) the planned path of the first device, (iv) the predicted path of the first device, or (v) the computing resource status of the first device.

[0150] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may control the transceiver (206) to receive request information for offloading from the first device. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may control the transceiver (206) to receive Quality of Service (QoS) information related to the offloading from the first device. For example, the QoS information related to the offloading may include at least one of (i) the ID of the first device, (ii) the location of the first device, (iii) the planned path of the first device, (iv) the predicted path of the first device, or (v) the computing resource status of the first device.

[0151] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the second device may: receive request information for offloading from the first device; and receive Quality of Service (QoS) information related to the offloading from the first device. For example, the QoS information related to the offloading may include at least one of (i) an ID of the first device, (ii) a location of the first device, (iii) a planned path of the first device, (iv) a predicted path of the first device, or (v) a computing resource status of the first device.

[0152] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a second device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the second device may: receive request information for offloading from a first device; and receive Quality of Service (QoS) information related to the offloading from the first device. For example, the QoS information related to the offloading may include at least one of (i) an ID of the first device, (ii) a location of the first device, (iii) a planned path of the first device, (iv) a predicted path of the first device, or (v) a computing resource status of the first device.

[0153] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the second device may: receive request information for offloading from the first device; and receive Quality of Service (QoS) information related to the offloading from the first device. For example, the QoS information related to the offloading may include at least one of (i) an ID of the first device, (ii) a location of the first device, (iii) a planned path of the first device, (iv) a predicted path of the first device, or (v) a computing resource status of the first device.

[0154] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the quality of service for offloading can be measured and predicted, and countermeasures based on the quality of service can be prepared by exchanging this between the vehicle and the offboard. For example, such countermeasures can improve the stability and robustness of offloaded functions / software. Additionally, for example, onboard computing resources can be reduced through offloading of the vehicle, and efficiency can be increased by processing more complex calculations offboard. Alternatively, for example, when offloading QoS is exchanged between the vehicle and the offboard, high-performance functions / software can be used in the vehicle through safe and robust offloading based on current and / or predicted QoS. Compared to implementing functions / software using only the vehicle's onboard computing resources, this can expand the implementable functions / software and increase the flexibility, scalability, and cost-efficiency of computing resources. Alternatively, for example, the vehicle price can be reduced due to the reduction of the vehicle's onboard unit, and benefits can be provided in terms of space packaging. In addition, for example, progressively advanced functions / software can be implemented without replacing and / or adding mechanical components.

[0155] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with one another.

[0156] The following describes an apparatus to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0157] Although not limited to this, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0158] Examples are provided in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or function blocks unless otherwise described.

[0159] FIG. 11 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0160] Referring to FIG. 11, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication functions, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., Advanced Air Mobility). The XR device includes an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0161] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0162] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0163] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (200) and base station (200) / base station (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present disclosure, at least some of the following may be performed: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0164] FIG. 12 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0165] Referring to FIG. 12, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {wireless device (100x), base station (200)} and / or {wireless device (100x), wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 11.

[0166] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be combined with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0167] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0168] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0169] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be contained in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0170] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0171] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0172] FIG. 13 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0173] Referring to FIG. 13, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operation / function of FIG. 13 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 12. The hardware elements of FIG. 13 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 12. For example, blocks 1010 through 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 12. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 12, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 12.

[0174] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 13. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transmission block (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH).

[0175] Specifically, a codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by a scrambler (1010). The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include ID information of a wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by an N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Additionally, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0176] A resource mapper (1050) can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A signal generator (1060) generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) may include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0177] The signal processing process for a received signal in a wireless device can be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process (1010–1060) of FIG. 13. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 in FIG. 12) can receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored into a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scrambling process. The codeword can be restored into the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0178] FIG. 14 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use-example / service (see FIG. 11). The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0179] Referring to FIG. 14, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 12 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 12. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 12. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and additional elements (140) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). Additionally, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110) in the memory unit (130).

[0180] The additional element (140) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 11, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 11, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 11, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 11, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 11, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 11, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 11, 400), a base station (Fig. 11, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices can be used in a movable or fixed location depending on the use—e.g., service.

[0181] In FIG. 14, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least partially connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be connected via a wire, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be connected wirelessly via the communication unit (110). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0182] Hereinafter, an implementation example of FIG. 14 will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0183] FIG. 15 illustrates a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop). The portable device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0184] Referring to FIG. 15, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c each correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 14.

[0185] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control the components of the portable device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) may include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / code / commands required for the operation of the portable device (100). Additionally, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the portable device (100) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support the connection between the portable device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) may include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can receive or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input by a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker and / or a haptic module, etc.

[0186] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) acquires information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to another wireless device or to a base station. Additionally, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received wireless signals to their original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0187] FIG. 16 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, vehicle, train, manned or unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), ship, etc. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0188] Referring to FIG. 16, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d each correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of FIG. 14.

[0189] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, roadside base stations (Roadside units), etc.), and servers. The control unit (120) can perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100). The control unit (120) may include an Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The driving unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The driving unit (140a) may include an engine, motor, power train, wheels, brakes, steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an inclination sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / reverse sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement technologies such as maintaining the driving lane, technologies for automatically adjusting speed such as adaptive cruise control, technologies for automatically driving along a predetermined path, and technologies for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set.

[0190] For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving path and a driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the drive unit (140a) so that the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server non-periodically and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. Additionally, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving path and the driving plan based on the newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving path, driving plan, etc. to an external server. An external server can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology, etc., based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and can provide the predicted traffic information data to vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0191] The claims described in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method.

Claims

1. Regarding the method, The first device transmits request information for offloading to the second device; and The first device receives first QoS (Quality of Service) information related to the offloading from the second device; comprising the step of A method in which the first QoS information related to the offloading includes information related to at least one of the availability related to the offloading or the response time related to the offloading.

2. In Paragraph 1, A method in which availability related to the offloading above includes whether the first device can continuously use the offboard operation of the second device.

3. In Paragraph 1, A method comprising at least one of the response time associated with the offloading described above, the time associated with receiving unprocessed data from the first device to the second device, offboard operation of the second device, or transmission of processed data from the second device to the first device.

4. In Paragraph 1, A method in which first QoS information related to the offloading is obtained based on the reception of unprocessed data from the first device to the second device and the transmission of processed data from the second device to the first device.

5. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the first QoS information related to the offloading is obtained based on information related to the planned path of the first device or information related to the expected path of the first device.

6. In Paragraph 5, A method in which information related to the planned path of the first device or information related to the expected path of the first device is obtained based on status information of the first device transmitted from the first device to the second device.

7. In Paragraph 1, A method in which first QoS information related to the offloading is obtained based on QoS information reported from one or more devices in the planned path or expected path of the first device.

8. In Paragraph 1, A method comprising: first QoS information related to the offloading, further including information related to at least one of (i) transmission speed, (ii) delay time, (iii) packet loss rate, (iv) packet error rate, (v) throughput, or (vi) jitter, measured based on the reception of unprocessed data from the first device to the second device and the transmission of processed data from the second device to the first device.

9. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the first QoS information related to the above-mentioned offloading is obtained based on at least one of statistical modeling, simulation, real-time data, machine learning, or artificial intelligence.

10. In Paragraph 1, A method in which first QoS information related to the above offloading is obtained based on previously reported QoS information in the area where the first device is located.

11. In Paragraph 1, A method in which software related to at least one of driving or safety of the first device is executed based on first QoS information related to the offloading above.

12. In Paragraph 1, A method in which, based on first QoS information related to the offloading above, the amount of data offloaded from the first device to the second device or the driving path of the first device is changed.

13. In Paragraph 1, The step of the first device transmitting unprocessed data to the second device; The first device receives processing data from the second device; and The first device further comprises the step of transmitting to the second device second QoS information related to the offloading obtained based on the transmission of the unprocessed data and the reception of the processed data; A method in which computing resource allocation of the second device for the offloading or offboard operation of the second device is scheduled based on second QoS information related to the offloading.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The first device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: To have the second device transmit request information for offloading; and To receive first QoS (Quality of Service) information related to the offloading from the second device, A first device, wherein the first QoS information related to the offloading includes information related to at least one of the availability related to the offloading or the response time related to the offloading.

15. In a processing device configured to control a first device, At least one processor; and The first device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: To have the second device transmit request information for offloading; and To receive first QoS (Quality of Service) information related to the offloading from the second device, A processing device wherein the first QoS information related to the offloading includes information related to at least one of the availability related to the offloading or the response time related to the offloading.

16. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, When executed, the above instructions cause the first device: To have the second device transmit request information for offloading; and To receive first QoS (Quality of Service) information related to the offloading from the second device, A non-transient computer-readable storage medium comprising, wherein the first QoS information related to the offloading includes information related to at least one of the availability related to the offloading or the response time related to the offloading.

17. Regarding the method, The second device receives request information for offloading from the first device; and The second device comprises the step of receiving Quality of Service (QoS) information related to the offloading from the first device; wherein A method comprising at least one of the following: QoS information related to the offloading above, wherein the QoS information includes (i) the ID of the first device, (ii) the location of the first device, (iii) the planned path of the first device, (iv) the predicted path of the first device, or (v) the computing resource status of the first device.

18. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The second device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: Receiving request information for offloading from the first device; and To receive Quality of Service (QoS) information related to the offloading from the first device, A method comprising at least one of the following: QoS information related to the offloading above, wherein the QoS information includes (i) the ID of the first device, (ii) the location of the first device, (iii) the planned path of the first device, (iv) the predicted path of the first device, or (v) the computing resource status of the first device.

19. In a processing device configured to control a second device, At least one processor; and The second device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: Receiving request information for offloading from the first device; and To receive Quality of Service (QoS) information related to the offloading from the first device, A method comprising at least one of the following: QoS information related to the offloading above, wherein the QoS information includes (i) the ID of the first device, (ii) the location of the first device, (iii) the planned path of the first device, (iv) the predicted path of the first device, or (v) the computing resource status of the first device.

20. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, When executed, the above commands cause the second device: Receiving request information for offloading from the first device; and To receive Quality of Service (QoS) information related to the offloading from the first device, A method comprising at least one of the following: QoS information related to the offloading above, wherein the QoS information includes (i) the ID of the first device, (ii) the location of the first device, (iii) the planned path of the first device, (iv) the predicted path of the first device, or (v) the computing resource status of the first device.

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