A two-step polyol process builds an island catalyst structure on graphite, raising metal loading while limiting catalyst loss and preserving durability.
A beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide cathode suppresses gas evolution and instability, enabling higher active-material loading and longer battery life.
A two-layer graphite anode balances current-collector adhesion with high-rate charging by separating natural and artificial graphite roles.
Mixed-acid cleaning removes metal impurities from silicon anode material, improving lithium-ion diffusion and reducing short-circuit risk.
Limiting residual organic solvent in Si granulated active material helps preserve battery cycle characteristics without burdensome drying.
A denser core and lower-density surface improve lithium diffusion while limiting cracks, extending cycle life, and boosting thermal stability.
Matching NCM and silicon-carbon crystal grain sizes helps raise energy density while limiting swelling, lithium loss, and cycle deterioration.