Reverse vortex flow shortens the ICP plasma path while maintaining stability, cutting argon and power use for faster spectrometry.
Reverse vortex flow cuts ICP plume broadening 10-fold, enabling faster spectrometry with lower power and argon consumption.
Multiple neural network sections and output concatenation improve time-series abnormality detection precision for real-time manufacturing control.
A split-ring resonator sustains high-density plasma in a portable setup, enabling rapid field spectrometry without lab sample transport.
A controlled iron oxide layer replaces the glass film to improve coating adhesion while reducing iron loss in grain-oriented electrical steel.
Controlled pickling and heat treatment form oxide layers that stabilize coating adhesion while lowering high magnetic field iron loss.