An upwardly convex perforated support cuts reactor dead space, increases catalyst loading, and removes inert support materials.
Collector and releaser media increase gas-liquid interfacial area, improving diffusion and reaction rates while reducing coking in process vessels.
Porous collector and releaser media increase gas-liquid contact, resaturating liquid feedstreams and reducing reactant starvation and coking.
A floating tray fluid distributor segments into modular units supported by the catalyst bed itself.
A movable pressing device stabilizes pressure on the catalyst bed layer, preventing dust generation and clogging caused by flow fluctuations.
Temporary heat exchangers cool recycle gas below 400°F, resolving slow cooling bottlenecks during catalyst removal.
Offset inlet ports merge gas and liquid streams to prevent hot spots and maintain uniform temperature distribution.