Low-temperature heat treatment and dry-mixed calcination restore spent heavy oil desulfurization catalyst activity without leaching, washing, or drying.
Regeneration plus metal-organic impregnation and drying restores spent hydroprocessing catalyst activity close to fresh performance.
In-situ flushing dissolves ammonium salt deposits during low-temperature hydrotreatment, preventing catalyst deactivation and reactor plugging.
Spent catalyst fines are milled, bound, shaped, and rejuvenated to restore activity while reducing waste and keeping reactor pressure drop acceptable.
Bypassing burn and calcination zones lets a catalyst regeneration gas loop recirculate oxygenated nitrogen to combust coke deposits with lower corrosion and gas use.