Gadolinium modifies acid-base characteristics on a zeolite surface, reducing coke intermediate adsorption and extending catalyst lifespan.
Integral interleaved deflector blades eliminate welding to reduce construction time while enhancing structural strength.
Fixed bed hydroprocessing converts asphaltenes in catalytic slurry oil, reducing coke formation on the catalyst during subsequent fluid catalytic cracking.
Direct heat exchange with cycle oil prevents coke accumulation while converting hot FCC gas energy into high-pressure steam.
Recycling toluene and heavy fractions back into the reaction loop increases benzene and xylene yields, resolving low selectivity in conventional zeolite processes.
Metal oxide catalyst converts saturated hydrocarbons to olefins at mild temperatures, reducing methane by-products and energy consumption.
Ferrierite zeolite additive boosts LPG and propene production while maintaining middle distillate yield and quality.
Fluidized plastic combustion in the FCC regenerator raises temperature and regenerates catalyst while reducing delta coke constraints.
Extra-framework aluminium species regulate the Brønsted to Lewis acid ratio, resolving low propylene yields and poor selectivity in conventional steam cracking.
Base leaching and realumination tune the Si/Al ratio to suppress benzene, toluene, and xylene formation during naphtha cracking.
Multi-stage hydroconversion with deasphalting lowers asphalt yields while boosting naphtha and gas oil production.
Surface deposition of doping agents during regeneration allows rapid adjustment of catalyst activity for varying feedstock compositions.
Composite USY and ZSM-5 zeolites convert acetone to olefins, preventing downstream contamination while maintaining high hydrocarbon yields.
Segmented structured packing with drainage gaps directs particles through rising stripping vapor, resolving insufficient catalyst contact in traditional units.