Lower alcohol dissolution separates fluoride from crude lithium hydroxide, enabling high-purity lithium recovery from battery waste.
Non-reactive gas injection and selective precipitation separate lithium from transition metals, improving recovery yield and precursor purity.
An acidic sulphidation route converts uncrystallized nickel and cobalt sulphates into high-purity sulphides with lower energy and material use.
A DMSO-TBAF-TBAOH solvent system separates cellulose from starch in corn samples for more precise and reproducible quantification.
Plasma and microwave treatment rearrange earth materials before leaching, improving lithium and other metal ion recovery from dilute solutions.
Hydrogen sulphide precipitates nickel and cobalt sulphides in acidic liquor, improving recovery from impure waste streams.
A heated ionic-liquid extraction, cooling, washing, and precipitation sequence improves recovery of metals such as molybdenum and vanadium.
Redox mediators facilitate room-temperature relithiation of end-of-life cathodes while Soxhlet extraction removes PVDF binders without toxic decomposition.
Hybrid para-xylene production uses toluene as both desorbent and washing solvent across adsorption and crystallization stages.