A spaced detector tracks battery cell vent deformation against a threshold, enabling action before hazardous discharge without impairing vent function.
Conductive sensor wires embedded in an EV battery undertray detect deformation from below impacts, enabling early intrusion warning.
Integrated cooling ducts in the front beam and battery modules improve EV pack cooling, rigidity, and NVH without reducing cell volume.
Model-based estimation replaces faulty EST condition parameters so vehicle energy systems stay operable in hazardous situations.
Independent monitoring of converter voltage, backup output, and stored energy enables fast fault detection and emergency action in rail vehicles.
Multi-substrate sensing compares internal and external temperature, humidity, and hydrogen data to detect leaks and VOC poisoning.
Opposing torque from dual inverters lets the EV motor discharge the battery for deterioration diagnosis without a separate load device.
Guided chassis deformation uses energy-absorbing boxes and bottom fenders to protect EV battery packs during collisions.
A bimetallic sensor placed near the stator winding improves overheat detection stability and lets the controller limit or stop motor power.
Replace a manual service disconnect with a contactor in the same battery-pack cavity to add remote HV control without major redesign.
A rotatable motor mount moves the inverter upward and rearward in a frontal crash to avoid contact, reduce damage, and limit electrical leakage.
A separate fuse-box enclosure lets EV high-voltage modules replace fuses without opening the main electronics housing or compromising EMC.
A modular battery mounting layout uses isolators and load members to cut frame vibration while limiting moisture exposure in heavy-duty EVs.
Passive terminal temperature sensing triggers controller status changes to detect overcurrent and prevent overheating without complex polling.
Independent wheel motors and controller-managed shaft brakes improve mower maneuverability, blade control, and emergency stopping.