A fluorine-containing surface layer stabilizes the SEI on silicon anodes, limiting expansion damage and improving capacity retention.
Alternating oxidation and reduction pulses condition lithium metal electrodes to suppress dendrites and improve uniform, reversible deposition.
A diazonium-derived covalent coating stabilizes lithium anodes, limiting dendrites and polysulfide shuttle to extend Li-S battery cycle life.
High-current voltage pulses drive electrode material into solid-electrolyte pores, restoring contact and lowering interfacial resistance.
Electrochemical fluorination forms halogenated electrode coatings from SF6 or NF3, cutting energy use, toxicity, contamination, and cost.
An elastic polymer foam layer at the lithium metal anode suppresses dendrites, evens ion deposition, and extends battery cycle life.
Vertically aligned CNTs on graphene guide lithium into non-dendritic storage, boosting capacity while avoiding volume expansion and short circuits.
A carbonized porous electrode with oxidizing-gas hydrophilization improves electrolyte wetting and reaction activity in redox flow batteries.
Successive vacuum-deposited conductive and LFP layers create a stable reference electrode for accurate on-board battery diagnostics.