Nested conductive areas in a multi-layer electrode structure delimit electrical fields, reducing burn risks from uncontrolled current density.
Electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves modulates bladder and bowel functions to treat urinary retention and constipation.
A portable electronic device integrates a TENS circuit with power management to deliver therapy currents alongside external power signals.
Control unit dynamically modifies electrical signal parameters using feedback from return signals to address varying patient tissue impedance.
An electrostimulation appliance generates muscle contractions to influence respiration without invasive tubes.
Solid-state conducting medium eliminates wet paste application, reducing tingling sensations and improving wearer comfort during nerve stimulation.
Prefrontal cortex electrodes apply transcranial direct current to remotely activate the midbrain, avoiding invasive deep brain surgery risks.
Flexible iontophoretic driver circuit drives medicament ions through skin barriers into wound tissue using electrical current.