Curved toroidal disc contact surfaces keep roller contact points stable under bending, improving ratio and torque accuracy without larger discs.
An external hinge axis lets planet forks avoid interference while preserving drill-free rolling and a wider torque-speed ratio range.
A higher-curvature disc contact region prevents power roller contact shift under bending, preserving toroidal CVT ratio accuracy without larger discs.
Spiral cam discs replace circular profiles in a CVT to enable stepless ratio changes with non-slip power transfer and lower friction losses.