Arranging the electric machine radially around the output shaft reduces axial space while enabling stationary activation and energy recovery.
Integrating a battery, motor-generator, and control unit into a single housing reduces vehicle weight while storing kinetic energy in the flywheel.
An electric motor drives the clutch drive side in reverse to open the freewheel and rotate the transmission input shaft.
A hybrid vehicle control device calculates target driving force to manage engine operation points during air conditioning cycles.
A hybrid power transmission apparatus uses a planetary gear set to branch engine torque while a shifting device routes motor generator torque through multi-stage reduction.
Segmented dual planetary gear sets isolate power reuse from direct transmission, reducing motor capacity and improving system efficiency.