A segmented chamber and fluid-line layout measures methane or hydrogen permeation on existing underground earth conductors with minimal excavation.
Acoustic airflow checks at two fan test speeds detect air filter degradation more accurately while limiting false alerts and noise.
3D imaging and iterative pore- to Darcy-scale flow matching determine relative permeability faster while capturing saturation profiles and capillary end-effects.
Oscillating flow plus pressure and displacement harmonic analysis measures porous media pore size distribution accurately without sample damage or pollution.