Photography Auxillary Processes TRIZ Cases

A low-surface-tension fluoropolymer coating repels water on heat exchange surfaces, limiting condensation, ice buildup, and defrost downtime.

A pH-buffering additive stabilizes cobalt electrowinning, controls cathode adhesion, and helps prevent short-circuits.

Cyclic voltammetry recovers PGMs from spent electrodes onto a chalcogenide-based recovery electrode, avoiding harsh chemicals and high heat.

Dual cation-selective membranes and sorbent layers extract and concentrate lithium from low-grade brines with minimal external power.

A four-chamber electrochemical cell uses anion exchange membranes to keep saltwater separate from recovery solution and improve lithium extraction.

Acid leaching, copper electrolysis, and staged precipitation recover low-impurity lithium iron phosphate precursor from retired LFP batteries.

Electroplating lithium from aqueous salt through an ion-selective membrane in an inert atmosphere cuts impurities and dendrite growth.

Separating V2O5 from sulfuric acid before electrolysis avoids additives, producing purer vanadium electrolyte with a simpler process.

Maintaining Li2SO4 electrolysis below pH 0.5 avoids salt precipitation and reuses acidic lithium-depleted solution for higher-purity recovery.

Pretreatment plus electrodialysis recovers reusable acids and alkalis from battery raffinate while lowering membrane fouling and energy use.

A separator plus electrolytic tank converts V5+ vanadium solution to V4+/V3+ electrolyte without additives, improving purity and process simplicity.

Solid electrolyte membranes recover electrochemical energy during lithium extraction, cutting recycling energy demand and carbon impact.

Controlled oxidizing leaching dissolves Cu, Ni, and Co from battery alloy powder while keeping most iron in the solid residue.

Multi-stage extraction, electrolysis, and re-dissolution remove sodium, aluminum, and manganese to recover high-purity cobalt and nickel.

An electrochemical reactor recovers lithium from spent lithium-based materials by voltage-driven ion migration and controlled film deposition on a collector.

Controlling copper foil A-value helps thin battery electrodes resist curling, wrinkling, and tearing while maintaining strength and surface quality.

Hydrobromic acid leaches spent battery metals without added reducing agents, then reused bromate precipitates manganese to separate it from lithium.

Millisecond flash Joule heating with magnetic separation recovers battery metals at high yield while preserving cathode structure.

Alloy melting followed by sulfuric-acid electrolysis separates and recovers copper, nickel, and cobalt from lithium-ion battery waste.

Sequential roasting, leaching, solvent extraction, and electrowinning recover high-purity battery metals and saleable carbon powder with no solid waste.

Electric-field flow electrodes selectively extract and release lithium ions from waste battery solutions with less energy and chemical use.

Direct electrowinning from acid leach liquor recovers cobalt and nickel as a metallic alloy while avoiding hazardous solvent separation.

Composite solid electrolyte membranes selectively recover lithium and reclaim electrochemical energy, reducing recycling power demand, waste, and emissions.

An electrochemically active redox membrane selectively pulls lithium from brines and recycled sources with fewer steps, lower energy use, and less waste.

Heating washed desulfurized lead paste cuts residual water and converts lead dioxide, reducing electrolyte dilution during electrochemical lead recovery.

Continuous casting plus cold rolling below 60°C reduces alloy segregation in lead anodes, improving corrosion resistance and durability.

Lead sulfate precipitation and electrowinning cut 210Pb impurities so tin keeps α-ray emission at 0.002 cph/cm² or less after heating.

A welded seal between stainless steel and copper contact sections blocks acid mist, reducing galvanic corrosion and extending electrowinning hanger bar life.

Permanganate oxidation removes manganese and iron from zinc leachate before electrolysis, improving deposit purity and reducing energy use.

A thiocarbonyl reagent paired with a non-ionic wetting agent boosts copper extraction from sulfide ores under acidic leaching while reducing metal loss.

Separate ammonia and thiosulfate leaching circuits improve copper and gold recovery from waste while maintaining metal purity and cost efficiency.

Atmospheric leaching, staged precipitation, and cyclone electrolysis recover iron, magnesium, nickel, cobalt, zinc, and chromium from saprolite ore.

Pyrite agglomeration and microbial heap leaching recover copper, nickel, zinc, or cobalt from low-grade sulfide materials while cutting waste.

A three-step electroleaching, precipitation, and electrowinning route extracts nickel from laterite with lower energy use and cost.

Sequential displacement in an ammonium complex leach separates copper, lead, and cadmium from zinc liquor with lower zinc consumption.

An alkali metal ion catalyst speeds palladium leaching in nitric acid while residual liquor recycling cuts acid use, cost, and pollution.

Pre-seeding 1D olivine hosts with lithium shifts intercalation toward lithium over sodium, improving selectivity in dilute brines and wastewater.

A polymer thin-film FCDI cell boosts lithium selectivity and recovery from mixed waste-battery ions with lower energy use and shorter recovery time.

Anhydrous silylamide electrolytes enable low-temperature rare earth electrodeposition with higher purity and fewer hazardous byproducts.

Two-stage chlorination removes lead first and then zinc from steelmaking flue dust, enabling cleaner residue reuse and metal recovery.

Countercurrent ammonia leaching with in-vessel grinding improves copper recovery from waste feeds while lowering waste and operating cost.

Dissolving lithium salts in ionic liquids enables up to 7 M lithium ion concentration for efficient electrodeposition of lithium metal, hydride, or hydroxide.

FeCl3 activation and a DC electric field convert uranium to positive ions, drive cathode migration, and avoid precipitate blockage.

Licorice extract foam suppresses acid mist in copper electrowinning, improving stability and environmental friendliness over synthetic surfactants.

Sequential oxidative irrigation with acid, nitrate, and peroxide speeds chalcopyrite leaching while reducing passivation, water use, and emissions.

Room-temperature electrolysis converts stannic oxide and tin sludge into metallic tin, cutting energy use, cost, and pollution.

Electrolytic lithium peroxodisulfate digests black mass while co-produced lithium hydroxide helps separate metals with lower chemical use and waste.

Selective electrowinning on reusable silicon electrodes recovers metals from acidic solutions while avoiding neutralizing chemicals and contamination.

Ambient-pressure silver recovery uses thiourea leaching, electrolysis, and water reuse to cut energy, reagent use, and waste liquid.

Alpha-cyclodextrin transfers linear gold anions from activated carbon into aqueous solution, eliminating harsh high-temperature and toxic cyanide processes.