Dual surface treatment with long- and short-chain phosphonic or phosphoric compounds keeps metal pigments water-resistant, well dispersed, and glossy.
Specific carboxylic acid coatings on calcium carbonate fillers resolve the contradiction between storage stability and adhesion strength in elastomers.
Fine calcium carbonate particles in a polyacetal resin composition resolve the trade-off between rigidity and anti-creep life.
Wetting agents lower viscosity in alkyd resin pastes, allowing automated mixing of high solids formulations without excessive solvent use.