Metallic iron reduces ferric sulfate to ferrous form, enabling oxalic acid precipitation that separates iron contamination from alumina and recovers magnesium.
Replacing high-temperature smelting with aqueous ammonia chemistry recovers metals from complex substrates while eliminating toxic emissions.
Ultrasound prevents metal oxide formation during cupric amine etching, enabling continuous precious metal recovery.
Nitrogen-filled accumulation tanks prevent spontaneous combustion of high-metallic iron dust during drying, enabling efficient resource recovery.
Nitric acid leaching dissolves nickel and cobalt from saprolite ores, recycling the acid to lower operational costs.
Hydrothermal processing precipitates iron phases to separate scandium from impurities, boosting recovery rates and purity levels.
Copper salt aqueous solutions dissolve rare earth materials, enabling selective precipitation that avoids hazardous mineral acids.
Direct precipitation of lithium phosphate via nucleation bypasses energy-intensive evaporation required by conventional brine processing.