Angular velocity sensors analyze speed deviations from a sinusoidal curve to estimate torque, eliminating complex exposed mechanical torsion sensors.
A battery layout structure positions the drive control device beneath subframes to house electrical components within a compact frame.
A control unit coordinates electric and mechanical drive units to optimize torque conversion during gear changes.
A rotary force transfer mechanism uses a rack gear to transmit linear input force tangentially to a rotating structure.
Controller compares sensor signal phase and period differences to distinguish wheel from crank rotation, preventing inappropriate motor assist operation.
Replacing metal with carbon fiber-reinforced plastic resolves the contradiction between reducing vehicle body weight and maintaining sufficient strength.
A motorized bicycle controller switches between pedal regeneration and assistance modes based on detected terrain conditions.
Electronic control unit adjusts electric motor torque based on bottom bracket shaft rotation speed to provide selectable assistance levels.
Segmenting the bumper into separate lift and tow units resolves installation complexity while delivering enhanced towing strength.