A variable-depth lattice under a plate-shaped ground improvement body balances contact pressure to cut settlement and reduce improved volume.
Vibration combined with fluid extraction densifies low-permeability silt by improving water displacement, particle packing, and liquefaction resistance.
Highly reflective, hydrophobic granules stay on inclined glacier surfaces to raise albedo, cut melt rates, and preserve glacier mass.
By confining and compacting soil within the original boring, this case enables plumb pin placement without spoil removal or pre-digging.