IGBT-switched pulse generation replaces failure-prone Marx generators to fracture quartz along impurity boundaries with lower energy use.
Real-time acoustic sensing filters tunnel noise to detect electric sparks early and infer fire risk where CCTV and optical sensors fail.
A plastically deformed shell conforms to a monolithic insulator, removing failure-prone joints and improving igniter durability.
Laser welding a punched iridium cup onto the center electrode replaces complex powder metallurgy, reducing production costs while maintaining wear resistance.
Solid lower seat and ring distribute assembly loads to protect the insulator, resolving strength versus size trade-offs.
Fusing precious metals into the ground electrode convex portion improves joint reliability and reduces demand voltage by enhancing thermal conductivity.
Electro-discharge surface treatment deposits hard and lubricating materials onto sliding surfaces, resolving high-temperature wear and oxidation issues.
A green compact electrode uses controlled powder particle diameters to form coatings via electric discharge energy.