A vapor-driven liquid turbine converts thermal energy into mechanical work using pressurized fluid cycles.
A control device adjusts regulation valves to maintain superheated steam flowrates during electrical network transients.
Spacers maintain gaps between SMA wires, resolving the trade-off between structural stability and thermal performance.
Direct steam bypass connects high-pressure turbine output to low-pressure stage without reheating, enabling 3 to 10 second frequency stabilization.
Sequential recuperators in a supercritical carbon dioxide circuit reduce required heat transfer area while increasing net power output.
A single regenerator recovers heat from vapor to preheat liquid working fluids across multiple pressure levels.
Carbon dioxide liquid solution in Malone engines increases thermal expansion, reducing weight and sealing complexity.
A closed-loop steam engine drives a turbine via a high-speed water jet generated by a steam injector.