Malone Engine Using CO2 Liquid Solution
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Malone engines face inefficiencies due to small thermal coefficient of expansion and high specific heat in liquids, requiring large temperature and pressure differences, leading to increased weight and sealing complexities.
Innovation Solution
Using carbon dioxide in liquid solution as the working fluid, saturated in the cool reservoir, which offers a higher thermal expansion coefficient, allowing for an optimal combination of performance indicators by leveraging CO2's solubility in liquids, particularly water, and exploiting the pressure increase with temperature changes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If liquids are used as working fluid in Malone engines, then the engine can operate with external combustion, but the small thermal coefficient of expansion and high specific heat require great temperature and pressure differences, increasing weight and complicating sealing
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the physical parameters of the working fluid by using carbon dioxide in liquid solution instead of conventional liquids. This substitution increases the thermal coefficient of expansion and decreases specific heat, allowing the engine to operate with smaller temperature and pressure differences, thereby reducing weight on unit power while maintaining external combustion capability
2Adaptability or versatility
If liquids are used as working fluid in Malone engines, then the engine can operate with external combustion, but the small thermal coefficient of expansion and high specific heat require great temperature and pressure differences, complicating the sealing of moving parts
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the physical parameters of the working fluid by using carbon dioxide in liquid solution instead of conventional liquids. This substitution increases the thermal coefficient of expansion and decreases specific heat, allowing the engine to operate with smaller temperature and pressure differences, thereby simplifying the sealing of moving parts while maintaining external combustion capability
3Weight of moving object
If carbon dioxide solution in liquid is used as working fluid, then the thermal expansion coefficient increases and weight decreases, but the solubility of CO2 decreases with temperature elevation, requiring pressure management
Solution Approach 1:
The patent exploits the phase transition characteristics of carbon dioxide in liquid solution. As temperature increases, the solubility of CO2 decreases causing the solution to expand and pressure to increase. The system utilizes this pressure-temperature relationship within the regenerative cycle, where the pressure changes drive the expansion and work production, while the cool reservoir maintains lower pressure conditions
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances power efficiency and simplifies sealing by providing a greater thermal expansion coefficient, reducing weight and complexity while maintaining flexibility in temperature differences between reservoirs.
Implementation Method 1
The invention is based on the great solubility carbon dioxide has in liquids, and especially in water
Implementation Method 2
Since, by elevating the temperature of the liquid, the solubility of CO2 decreases, the solution expands, and the pressure in the vessel, in which it is enclosed, increases
Data Source
AI summary
The invention refers to applying carbon dioxide (CO2) solution in liquid, as working fluid in the "Malone" engines, by all possible pressures in the cool reservoir. These solutions have multiply greater coefficient of thermal expansion, by which will be avoided all defects of the till know existing engines. As a solvent can be used water and all kinds of other liquids, by which would be obtained an optimal combination between the different indicators. The invention is based on the discovery we made that the blood capillaries of all warm blooded (endothermic) animals represent the working part of "Stirling-Malone" engines with free pistons, in which the working fluid is the containing carbon dioxide blood plasma, the pistons represent the obtaining parachute-form in the capillaries red blood cells, the surrounding tissue is the external heat source, the heart is the external pump (the displacer), the skin veins and the lungs are the cool reservoir (the temperature sink), and all other veins and arteries are heat-transporting tubes and heat exchangers (regenerators).