A two-wheel model is converted into centroid behavior to set each wheel's steering and braking force with lower calculation complexity.
Limits steering reaction force during lane boundary switching to reduce unexpected wheel feedback and maintain stable lane keeping.
Independently powered wheels and a four-bar linkage expand chassis footprint for stable operation without slow outrigger deployment.
A stretchable shock absorber and load-absorbing joints stabilize corner-module steering and suspension while preventing torsional damage.
FET-based overvoltage preventers block short-circuit voltage spikes on steering sensor lines, protecting the ECU and sensor.
Dead-zone saturation modeling helps autonomous vehicle actuators keep stable, precise obstacle-avoidance paths with lower control-law computation time.
Gradual steering wheel resistance torque warns against subconscious driver override during assisted driving and helps avoid unsafe control exit.
A vibration removal filter separates warning torque from steering angle control, preserving lane departure feedback and responsiveness.
When a vehicle drifts from its target path, asymmetric steering support helps the driver steer back more directly without active automatic steering.
Curvature smoothing across mixed line joints prevents stepwise steering changes, improving route tracking and ride comfort.
Real-time steering and suspension feedback adjusts individual wheel angles to minimize bump steer, tire wear, and uneven-road handling loss.
Dynamic rear-wheel steering compares yaw-rate targets to balance stability and turning radius during emergency obstacle avoidance.
Integrated fault diagnosis limits vehicle speed during autonomous driving when steer-by-wire, ADAS, or power supply failures occur.
When electronic steering enters a limited condition, wheel-specific torque backup and direct road-wheel angle sensing preserve lateral control.
Automatic front and rear wheel steering uses pitch and roadside sensing to keep a parked vehicle stable on slopes and away from traffic.
By separating drive and steering motors from the hub, this corner module cuts unsprung mass and stabilizes steering during sudden maneuvers.
Separating steering and suspension axes with dual knuckles cuts kingpin offset from in-wheel motors, improving straight-line and braking stability.
Gradually increasing steering resistance torque warns drivers against unsafe override inputs during high-risk control handover and helps prevent collisions.
Angle, disturbance torque, and curb sensing detect mechanical end-stop failure early to maintain steer-by-wire stability.
Two steering motors share one gearbox to keep wheel-individual steering available after motor failure while saving space and reducing wear.
A fixed and rotating knuckle split enables independent wheel steering, better toe change control, and improved vehicle stability.
Variable-force steering paddles coordinate wheel angle and left-right speed difference to help vehicles crawl, crab, or tank-turn out of low-traction terrain.
Selective sub-wheel gearing uses angular velocity differences between two drive shafts to deliver omnidirectional motion with better efficiency and suspension fit.
Independently controlled wheels rotate the vehicle cabin during lane changes or oncoming traffic to improve visibility and cut headlight glare.
Load estimation and friction compensation keep four-wheel steering angle tracking stable even when current sensors fail.
Capacitance-based hand position sensing adjusts steering torque thresholds to improve grip detection and support safe vehicle control transfer.
A staged steer-by-wire intervention limits steering speed, then angle, before braking to prevent rollover with smoother vehicle control.
Pre-correcting steering angle for tire and steering elasticity helps parked vehicles settle near 0° without unnecessary re-steering.
A steering prompt is delayed until a wheel reaction check, reducing false hands-off alerts on straight roads while supporting lane departure control.