Replacing animal-derived cholic acid with plant sterols eliminates supply constraints and contamination risks while enabling scalable production.
Amphipathic compounds with hydrophobic domains and PEG moieties anchor into cell membranes to provide quantitative immobilization.
A palladium(II) catalytic system converts steroid precursors into drospirenone using gaseous oxygen.
A multi-step synthetic process converts crude phytosterols into vegan cholesterol and vitamin D3 using tosylating, Grignard reactions, and irradiation.