Electrical response signatures are compared with baseline contactor profiles to detect tampered or counterfeit vehicle contactors before unsafe operation.
A reversible converter raises battery voltage to diagnose a stuck-closed current-breaking member safely, reliably, and without extra parts.
Combining impedance spectroscopy with two neural networks improves LFP battery SOC and SOH estimation while reducing the need for large energy reserves.
Battery use is sequenced by health status and travel context to meet EV power demand while allowing cooling time that extends pack life.
Monitors fuse-box current draw and voltage differences to detect true vehicle operation and switch accessories without battery-voltage guesswork.
By comparing predicted and actual vehicle trajectories, this case detects hidden compromise and triggers alerts, sweeps, or shut-offs.