A 3D external electrode layout increases spacing on a multilayer varistor to cut parasitic capacitance variation and reduce migration.
A gap-region electrode layout shifts discharge away from the tip to improve ESD resistance and extend transient voltage protector life.
A cavity-confined discharge assistance structure stabilizes clamp voltage by forcing discharge inside the cavity and enlarging electrode facing area.
A thicker planar and thinner corner high-resistivity coating helps multilayer varistors resist humidity-driven migration without losing strength.
A thinner high-resistivity layer region improves oxygen supply in a multilayer varistor, limiting ESD degradation, migration, and electrode loosening.