A 3D external electrode layout increases spacing on a multilayer varistor to cut parasitic capacitance variation and reduce migration.
A gap-region electrode layout shifts discharge away from the tip to improve ESD resistance and extend transient voltage protector life.
A cavity-confined discharge assistance structure stabilizes clamp voltage by forcing discharge inside the cavity and enlarging electrode facing area.
A thicker planar and thinner corner high-resistivity coating helps multilayer varistors resist humidity-driven migration without losing strength.
A thinner high-resistivity layer region improves oxygen supply in a multilayer varistor, limiting ESD degradation, migration, and electrode loosening.
Optimizing the second ineffective layer thickness relative to the first improves heat dissipation, increasing breakdown current by 44.4%.
ZnO varistor ceramic with Pr and metal M dopants reduces capacitance per grain contact while maintaining high non-linearity.
Joining a low resistivity zinc oxide ceramic layer to a sputtered bismuth oxide film lowers clamping voltage in high current regions.
Integrating carbon nanotubes into epoxy resin creates varistors within the substrate, eliminating separate mounting to increase design freedom.
Segmented ceramic pieces bound by insulating resin create a flexible nonlinear resistive element that resolves shape limitations of sintered compacts.
Glass coating insulates multilayer ceramic components, reducing mechanical stress from thermal expansion mismatches during mounting.