Interacting electric fields from charges in different inertial frames produce forces on conductors to propel spacecraft without propellant.
Ceramic heat conductive plates reduce thermal resistance between copper wires and the stator, enabling rapid heat dissipation through the motor casing.
Segmented insulating members fix coils and conduct heat, resolving vibration wear from bimetallic strips.
A water-cooled generator strip uses a central cooling channel between parallel conductor stacks to simplify manufacturing and reduce space requirements.
A motor bobbin combines aramid paper and molded resin to transmit heat from the coil to the core member.
Segmented poly(amide)imide layers resolve thermal resistance and cost contradictions in high-temperature motor slot liners.
Demountable support layers allow mica paper winding on conductors, eliminating insulation degradation from permanent backing materials.