Opposed-current double helix filaments and grooved emission layers improve heat transfer, cut energy use, and stabilize radiotherapy microwave sources.
Independent dual-grid voltage control precharges capacitance for fast X-ray pulses, stable generator current, and cleaner dual-energy imaging.
Rigid feed-through pins fused into a glass vacuum tube replace fragile wires and use keyed socket alignment to prevent connection errors.
An SOI field emission package uses a p-type structure, protruding emitters, and LED-driven carrier generation to limit arcing while sustaining current density.
An SOI field emission package uses a p-type base, gate control, and internal light emission to raise current density while preventing arcing.
A circulating liquid metal target lets a modular laser plasma X-ray source deliver high brilliance without anode melting or frequent chamber cleaning.
A silicon carbide embedding layer helps a tungsten X-ray target transfer heat into diamond while reducing cracks, defects, and overheating.
A layered x-ray window uses separate adhesion, conductive, and sealing regions plus a gap to prevent beam contamination and seal failure.