Abrupt Metal-Insulator Transition Device for High-Voltage Noise Bypass
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current high-voltage noise removal solutions, such as ceramic varistors, are limited in size reduction due to internal resistance and cannot completely eliminate super-high voltage noise above 800KV, posing risks to high-voltage electrical systems like switchgear during power transmission and lightning strikes.
Innovation Solution
An abrupt metal-insulator transition (MIT) device with a substrate and serially connected abrupt MIT structures on both surfaces, utilizing materials like inorganic and organic semiconductors with low-concentration holes, which transition from insulator to metallic characteristics at specific voltages, forming a high-voltage noise removing circuit to bypass super-high voltage noise.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If ceramic varistor is used to remove high-voltage noise, then noise removal function is provided, but device size cannot be reduced due to internal resistance requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the fundamental electrical parameters of the protective device by using abrupt MIT structures that transition from insulating state (high resistance) below threshold voltage to conductive state (low resistance) above threshold voltage. This enables the device to achieve both small size and effective high-voltage noise removal by dynamically adjusting resistance based on voltage level rather than maintaining fixed high resistance like ceramic varistors
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes the phase transition phenomenon of metal-insulator transition in specific materials (such as VO2, NbO2, TiO2) that abruptly change electrical conductivity at a threshold voltage. This phase transition enables the device to function as a compact protective element that remains insulating during normal operation but becomes conductive to bypass super-high voltage noise, resolving the contradiction between size and noise removal capability
2Reliability
If ceramic varistor is used to bypass super-high voltage noise, then some noise reduction is achieved, but complete removal of noise greater than 800KV is impossible due to internal resistance
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs abrupt MIT structures that undergo a dramatic resistance change from insulating to conductive state when threshold voltage is exceeded. This parameter change enables the device to provide a low-impedance bypass path for super-high voltage noise (greater than 800KV), allowing complete noise removal rather than partial reduction achieved by ceramic varistors with fixed internal resistance
Solution Approach 2:
The abrupt MIT device is designed as a sacrificial protective element that can be replaced after exposure to super-high voltage events. The device provides complete noise bypass functionality when needed, and can be economically replaced rather than attempting to design for unlimited durability, enabling complete noise removal capability without the cost constraints of permanent high-performance protective devices
3Reliability
If insulating material is used in high-voltage switch, then insulation function is provided, but insulator destruction occurs when super-high voltage noise is applied due to current concentration through impurities
Solution Approach 1:
The patent installs abrupt MIT protective devices in parallel with the insulating material before super-high voltage noise occurs. These devices remain insulating during normal operation but automatically activate to bypass super-high voltage noise (greater than 800KV) before it can concentrate current through impurities in the insulator, preventing insulator destruction while maintaining insulation performance
Solution Approach 2:
The abrupt MIT device serves as a protective cushioning element that absorbs or bypasses super-high voltage noise before it reaches the insulator. By providing a preferential low-impedance path for noise current, the device cushions the insulator against damaging voltage stress, preventing current concentration and thermal destruction while maintaining normal insulation function
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The MIT device effectively protects electrical systems by serially connecting abrupt MIT devices to achieve an overall limit voltage, allowing for the removal of high-voltage noise equal to or greater than the individual device limits, preventing insulator destruction and ensuring stable power transmission.
Implementation Method 1
an abrupt metal-insulator transition (MIT) device including a substrate, an abrupt MIT structure formed on one surface of the substrate... Each of the first and second abrupt MIT structures has a characteristic of an insulator below a predetermined limit voltage and has a characteristic of a metal at or over the limit voltage
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are an abrupt metal-insulator transition (MIT) device for bypassing super-high voltage noise to protect an electric and/or electronic system, such as, a high-voltage switch, from a super-high voltage, a high-voltage noise removing circuit for bypassing the super-high voltage noise using the abrupt MIT device, and an electric and/or electronic system including the high-voltage noise removing circuit. The abrupt MIT device includes a substrate, a first abrupt MIT structure, and a second abrupt MIT structure. The first and second abrupt MIT structures are formed on an upper surface and a lower surface, respectively, of the substrate. The high-voltage noise removing circuit includes an abrupt MIT device chain connected in parallel to the electric and/or electronic system to be protected. The abrupt MIT device chain includes at least two abrupt MIT devices serially connected to each other.