Adaptive Clock Stretching for Integrated Circuit Voltage Droop

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Solution Overview

Problem

Integrated circuits face performance issues due to voltage droop, which existing solutions inadequately address by either increasing power supply or reducing clock frequency, leading to inefficiencies and instability.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of a power supply voltage monitoring circuit and a high-resolution adaptive clock stretching circuit that dynamically adjusts clock frequency by generating independent clock phases and filtering noise, allowing for precise control over clock stretching to compensate for voltage droop.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If the clock frequency is reduced to compensate for voltage droop, then logic completion reliability is improved, but productivity deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelogic completion reliabilityVSAvoidclock frequency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic clock stretching where the clock period is extended only during specific cycles when voltage droop is detected, rather than maintaining a reduced clock frequency continuously. The clock stretch control circuit dynamically adjusts the clock period based on real-time voltage monitoring, allowing the system to maintain high productivity during normal operation while ensuring logic completion reliability during voltage droop events.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the clock period parameter dynamically in response to voltage droop detection. When voltage droop is detected, the clock stretch control circuit modifies the clock period to provide additional time for logic completion, then returns to the original clock period once voltage stabilizes. This parameter change approach allows the system to maintain high average productivity while ensuring reliability during critical moments.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If power supply voltage is increased to compensate for voltage droop, then logic completion reliability is improved, but use of energy worsens

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelogic completion reliabilityVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the voltage compensation function from the power supply system and implements it through clock stretching instead. Rather than increasing power supply voltage to compensate for droop, the system detects voltage droop and compensates by extending the clock period, thereby eliminating the need for additional power consumption while maintaining logic completion reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The system replaces the electrical approach (increasing power supply voltage) with a temporal approach (extending clock period). The clock stretch control circuit substitutes the mechanical/electrical power supply adjustment with a timing-based compensation mechanism, achieving the same reliability goal without the associated energy penalty.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Device complexity

If a simple voltage monitoring approach is used, then device complexity is reduced, but measurement precision deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemonitoring circuit complexityVSAvoidvoltage droop detection precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The voltage monitoring function is segmented into multiple independent delay chains with different delay characteristics. Each delay chain monitors voltage droop from a different perspective, and their combined output provides precise voltage droop detection. This segmentation allows the system to achieve high measurement precision while keeping each individual monitoring element simple.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent merges the outputs of multiple simple delay chains to achieve precise voltage droop detection. By combining the monitoring results from multiple independent chains with different delay characteristics, the system achieves high measurement precision without requiring any single complex monitoring circuit.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

4Reliability

If clock stretching is applied continuously to ensure logic completion, then reliability is improved, but loss of time worsens

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelogic completion reliabilityVSAvoidclock cycle time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements periodic voltage monitoring and selective clock stretching rather than continuous clock stretching. The system monitors voltage at specific intervals and applies clock stretching only during cycles when voltage droop is detected. This periodic approach ensures logic completion reliability during critical moments while minimizing overall time loss by maintaining normal clock operation during stable voltage conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Data Source

PatentEP3301542B1Power supply voltage monitoring and high-resolution adaptive clock stretching circuit
Publication Date: 2021.07.28 MELLANOX TECHNOLOGIES LTD(IL)
  • EP3301542B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3301542B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3301542B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An integrated circuit and method are described for compensating for voltage droop on an integrated circuit using a power supply voltage monitoring circuit and a high resolution adaptive clock stretching circuit. In some example embodiments, the method includes monitoring (602) power supply voltage on an integrated circuit, detecting (604) a voltage droop such as a dynamic loss of power supply in the integrated circuit, and stretching (606) a current clock cycle, according to the detected voltage droop, to provide more time for logic on the integrated circuit to complete before a next clock cycle.