Adaptive Thinning Active Phased Array Antenna Thermal Management

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Solution Overview

Problem

Active phased array antennas face thermal management challenges, especially on the ground where convection cooling is insufficient, leading to overheating and the need for auxiliary cooling equipment, which is costly and logistically cumbersome.

Innovation Solution

A method and apparatus that determine a thermal profile of the antenna and deactivate a subset of elements in a uniform thinning pattern to reduce thermal dissipation while maintaining acceptable beam performance and interference levels, allowing continued convection cooling.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If all elements of the active phased array antenna are kept active, then the antenna performance is maintained, but the thermal dissipation increases causing overheating on the ground

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveantenna performanceVSAvoidthermal dissipation
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the antenna elements into multiple groups and applies different activation patterns to each group. By dividing the antenna array into separable segments that can be independently controlled, the system can reduce thermal dissipation by deactivating certain segments while maintaining overall antenna functionality through coordinated operation of active segments.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements dynamic thinning patterns that adapt over time, switching between different element activation states. The system dynamically adjusts which elements are active based on thermal conditions and operational requirements, allowing the antenna to transition between high-performance modes and thermal-management modes without permanent degradation of capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Temperature

If a subset of elements is deactivated to reduce thermal dissipation, then the temperature is reduced, but the antenna performance and beam quality deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal dissipationVSAvoidbeam quality
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies different thinning patterns to different spatial regions or groups of antenna elements. By making the thinning pattern local rather than uniform, the system can reduce thermal dissipation in specific hot spots while maintaining element density and performance in other regions, thereby preserving overall beam quality through localized optimization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the activation parameter (element on/off state) in a structured thinning pattern rather than random deactivation. By systematically controlling which elements are active according to predetermined thinning patterns, the system maintains beamforming capability and pattern stability while achieving thermal reduction through parameter optimization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Device complexity

If convection cooling is used instead of liquid cooling, then the system complexity and cost are reduced, but the cooling effectiveness is insufficient on the ground

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling system complexityVSAvoidcooling effectiveness
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enables the antenna system to self-regulate its thermal management by dynamically adjusting element activation. The system monitors its own thermal state and automatically implements thinning patterns to reduce heat generation, eliminating the need for external auxiliary cooling equipment and making the system self-sufficient in thermal management.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical/physical cooling system (liquid cooling infrastructure) with an electronic control mechanism (element activation/deactivation). By substituting the cooling approach with thermal management through operational control, the system achieves adequate cooling without complex mechanical cooling infrastructure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach reduces thermal dissipation and allows continued operation of active phased array antennas on the ground without additional cooling equipment, maintaining antenna performance and preventing overheating.

Implementation Method 1

the power density of the phased array increases, and thermal management becomes increasingly difficult

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJoule heating: Joule Heating

Implementation Method 2

convection cooling is desirable for airborne applications

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection cooling: Convection

Data Source

PatentEP3467937B1Adaptive thinning of an active electronic scan antenna for thermal management
Publication Date: 2021.07.21 THE BOEING CO
  • EP3467937B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3467937B1 patent drawingFigure 2A
  • EP3467937B1 patent drawingFigure 2B

AI summary

A system and method for adaptively controlling an active phased array antenna comprising a plurality of elements is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises determining a thermal profile of at least a portion the active phased array antenna, comparing the determined thermal profile with a reference thermal profile and deactivating only a subset of the plurality of elements according to a thinning pattern based at least in part on the comparison between the determined thermal profile and the reference thermal profile. Another embodiment is evidenced by an apparatus performing the foregoing operations.