AI-Assisted Robotic Surgical Instrument Positioning
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current robotic surgical systems face challenges in accurately navigating and positioning instruments during orthopedic procedures, particularly in dynamically changing surgical environments, where traditional methods may lead to instrument collisions with unintended tissue or objects, and require precise control to minimize healthy tissue damage and ensure accurate implant fitting.
Innovation Solution
The integration of AI-assisted robotic systems that utilize multiple neural networks for real-time image processing and triangulation to determine the position of robotic arms and end effectors, combining visual imaging with AI landmark identification to precisely navigate and position instruments, and continuously refine their recognition of anatomical landmarks, allowing for semi-autonomous or manual control adjustments.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional robotic surgical systems are used for navigation and positioning, then basic surgical procedures can be performed, but the accuracy of instrument positioning and navigation is insufficient in dynamically changing surgical environments
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs pre-operative planning and creates a virtual surgical model before the actual surgery. This preliminary action establishes the intended instrument paths and target locations, which are then used as reference during the dynamic surgical procedure to maintain positioning accuracy despite environmental changes
Solution Approach 2:
The system continuously tracks the real-time positions of robotic arms and surgical instruments, comparing them against the pre-planned virtual model. This feedback loop enables dynamic adjustment of instrument positioning to maintain accuracy as the surgical environment changes during the procedure
2Measurement precision
If robotic arms are used to hold and move surgical instruments, then instrument stability and positioning accuracy are improved, but the system complexity and control difficulty increase
Solution Approach 1:
The robotic system is designed to perform multiple functions including instrument holding, precise positioning, real-time tracking, and navigation. By integrating these functions into a single multi-functional platform, the system achieves high positioning accuracy while managing complexity through functional integration rather than separate dedicated systems
3Manufacturing precision
If semi-autonomous robotic control is used, then surgical precision is maintained, but the operator control effort and continuous monitoring requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The robotic system autonomously executes pre-planned surgical paths and performs bone shaping operations based on the virtual surgical model. The system serves itself by automatically navigating instruments along programmed trajectories and adjusting for positional deviations without requiring continuous manual intervention, thereby maintaining precision while reducing operator workload
Data Source
AI summary
Robotic surgical methods and apparatuses, including systems, for determining positioning information using a combination of AI landmark-identification and visual imaging. Also described herein are methods and apparatuses for determining how to train the AI. Also described herein are end effector devices that may be used with any of the robotic surgical methods and apparatuses. Also described herein designs and techniques incorporating AR into robotic surgical procedures.