Analog Input Module Transformer Potential Generation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing analog input modules for programmable logic controllers face challenges in efficiently operating two-wire and four-wire transducers without external power supplies and in compensating for line resistances in industrial automation systems.

Innovation Solution

The proposed analog input module uses a common ground potential for all channels, generates electrical potentials using transformer means, and applies a potential difference to create a voltage necessary for two-wire transducers, while using a common-mode voltage to compensate for line resistances, allowing for functional testing and signal switching without parameterization.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If a two-wire transmitter is connected without an external power supply, then the device complexity is reduced, but the operation reliability deteriorates due to insufficient power for functional testing

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower supply configurationVSAvoidfunctional test capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The analog input module is designed to universally support both two-wire and four-wire transducer configurations through a unified interface structure. The same physical channels can adaptively accommodate different transmitter types without requiring separate power supply circuits or configuration changes, enabling the module to serve multiple functions with a single design

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The module generates its own operating potentials internally through transformer means, eliminating the need for external power supplies. The system serves itself by creating the necessary voltage differences and common-mode potentials required for both normal operation and functional testing of two-wire transducers, making the system self-sufficient

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Measurement precision

If line resistances are present in industrial automation systems, then the measurement precision deteriorates, but adding compensation circuits increases device complexity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal accuracyVSAvoidcompensation circuit configuration
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The module establishes a defined common-mode potential level for all channel inputs through transformer means, creating an equipotential reference plane. This standardized potential baseline allows for consistent measurement across all channels and enables effective common-mode rejection, improving measurement precision without requiring individual compensation circuits for each channel

Inventive Principle:
Principle #12Equipotentiality

Solution Approach 2:

The module dynamically adjusts the common-mode potential level to compensate for line resistance effects. By changing the reference potential parameter adaptively, the system counteracts voltage drops caused by line resistances, maintaining measurement accuracy without adding complex compensation hardware

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution enables efficient operation of two-wire and four-wire transducers within programmable logic controllers, compensates for line resistances, and allows for functional testing without external power, enhancing the reliability and flexibility of the analog input module in industrial automation systems.

Implementation Method 1

A first electrical potential, which is present at the channel outlet, is generated with transformer means. A second electrical potential, which is present at the first channel input, is also generated with the transformer means.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP2423771B1Analogue input component for a programmable logic controller
Publication Date: 2016.12.28 SIEMENS AG
  • EP2423771B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2423771B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2423771B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The method involves generating a first electrical potential present at a channel output (102) using a transformer, generating a second electrical potential present at a first channel input (104) using the transformer, such that absolute value of second electrical potential is less than absolute value of first electrical potential and greater than absolute value of ground potential, and generating current for performing functional test of connected two-wire measuring transducer (112) as a result of potential difference between first and second electrical potentials. The two-wire measuring transducer is connected to the channel output of the analog input module (100) and to the first channel input of the analog input module. A four-wire measuring transducer (114) is connected to the first channel input of the analog input module and to the second channel input (106) of the analog input module. Resistance measurement circuits (116,118,120), voltage measurement circuits (122,124), and thermocouple component (126) are connected to the second channel input and to the third channel input (108) of the analog input module.