Planar Antenna Feed Circuit Layout for Uniform Power Distribution
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Solution Overview
Problem
Central power feeding in multilayer circuit boards for planar antennas is costly due to the need for waveguide tubes, which increases the module cost and can lead to uneven electric power distribution affecting electromagnetic wave emission patterns and narrowing frequency bands.
Innovation Solution
A circuit board design with a second power feed line that includes a strip line conductor with a first line part, a second line part, and a stub, where the second line part branches from the first line part and is designed to shift the phase of high-frequency signals, reducing asymmetricity in electric field intensity distribution and eliminating the need for waveguide tubes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If waveguide tubes are used to supply electric power to power feed lines from separate wiring layers, then power feeding is achieved, but module cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and eliminates the waveguide tube component from the power feeding structure. By using planar power feed lines formed directly on the multilayer circuit board substrate, the solution removes the need for three-dimensional waveguide tubes, thereby reducing manufacturing complexity and module cost while maintaining power feeding functionality.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention replaces the mechanical waveguide tube structure with an electromagnetic field-based planar transmission line system. The power feed lines are formed using standard PCB wiring techniques on the circuit board, substituting complex mechanical assembly with integrated circuit board fabrication processes.
2Power
If central power feeding is implemented with conventional structures, then power supply to antenna branches is achieved, but electric power distribution becomes uneven
Solution Approach 1:
The invention introduces asymmetric stub structures connected to the power feed lines at specific positions. These stubs are designed with asymmetric dimensions and orientations to compensate for inherent asymmetries in the power distribution path, thereby balancing the electric field intensity and power distribution across different antenna branches.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention modifies the electrical parameters of the power feed system by incorporating stub resonators with specific lengths and impedances. By carefully controlling the stub dimensions and their connection points, the electrical length and impedance of the power feed paths are adjusted to achieve uniform power distribution across all antenna elements.
3Adaptability or versatility
If conventional power feed lines are used, then antenna operation is achieved, but frequency band is narrowed
Solution Approach 1:
The invention incorporates adjustable and tunable stub structures that can be optimized for different frequency operations. The stub lengths and positions are designed to provide broadband impedance matching and resonance control, enabling the antenna system to maintain consistent performance across a wider frequency range rather than being restricted to narrowband operation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design achieves more even power distribution to the forward and backward halves of the power feed line, improving symmetricity in electric field intensity and reducing transmission loss differences, thereby allowing broader frequency bands and lowering module costs.
Implementation Method 1
a second line part, which branches from the first line part and joins to the other end of the first line part from a longitudinal direction side, and the line length of the second line part is determined according to an integer multiple of an effective wavelength of a high-frequency signal
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2A
Figure 2B
AI summary
A circuit board includes: a substrate; a first power feed line disposed so as to be close to a plurality of radiating elements provided on a surface of the substrate and to extend in a first direction; a first connection conductor (17) extending in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, one end of the first connection conductor being connected to the first power feed line substantially at its central portion in the first direction; and a second power feed line (19, 51) that has a first line part (191) extending in a third direction orthogonal to the second direction, the first line part joining to another end of the first connection conductor (17), and also has a second line part (193) branching from the first line part (191), the second line part joining to the other end from a third direction side.